1
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MacPhillamy C, Ren Y, Chen T, Hiendleder S, Low WY. MicroRNA breed and parent-of-origin effects provide insights into biological pathways differentiating cattle subspecies in fetal liver. Front Genet 2023; 14:1329939. [PMID: 38162682 PMCID: PMC10757722 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1329939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in regulating gene expression during key developmental processes, including fetal development. Brahman (Bos taurus indicus) and Angus (Bos taurus taurus) cattle breeds represent two major cattle subspecies with strikingly different phenotypes. Methods: We analyzed miRNA expression in liver samples of purebred and reciprocal crosses of Angus and Brahman to investigate breed and parent-of-origin effects at the onset of accelerated fetal growth. Results: We identified eight novel miRNAs in fetal liver samples and 14 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) between purebred samples. Correlation of gene expression modules and miRNAs by breed and parent-of-origin effects revealed an enrichment of genes associated with breed-specific differences in traits such as heat tolerance (Brahman) and fat deposition (Angus). We demonstrate that genes predicted to be targets of DEMs were more likely to be differentially expressed than non-targets (p-value < 0.05). We identified several miRNAs (bta-miR-187, bta-miR-216b, bta-miR-2284c, bta-miR-2285c, bta-miR-2285cp, bta-miR-2419-3p, bta-miR-2419-5p, and bta-miR-11984) that showed similar correlation patterns as bta-miR-2355-3p, which has been associated with the glutamatergic synapse pathway, a key facilitator of heat tolerance. Furthermore, we report Angus-breed-specific miRNAs (bta-miR-2313-5p, btamiR-490, bta-miR-2316, and bta-miR-11990) that may be involved in fat deposition. Finally, we showed that the DEMs identified in fetal liver are involved in Rap1, MAPK, and Ras signalling pathways, which are important for fetal development, muscle development and metabolic traits such as fat metabolism. Conclusion: Our work sheds light on the miRNA expression patterns that contribute to gene expression differences driving phenotypic differences in indicine and taurine cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum MacPhillamy
- The Davies Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Yan Ren
- The Davies Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Tong Chen
- The Davies Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Stefan Hiendleder
- The Davies Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Wai Yee Low
- The Davies Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
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2
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Scatolin GN, Ming H, Wang Y, Zhu L, Castillo EG, Bondioli K, Jiang Z. Single-cell transcriptional landscapes of bovine peri-implantation development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.13.544813. [PMID: 37398069 PMCID: PMC10312721 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.13.544813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Supporting healthy pregnancy outcomes requires a comprehensive understanding of the cellular hierarchy and underlying molecular mechanisms during peri-implantation development. Here, we present a single-cell transcriptome-wide view of the bovine peri-implantation embryo development at day 12, 14, 16 and 18, when most of the pregnancy failure occurs in cattle. We defined the development and dynamic progression of cellular composition and gene expression of embryonic disc, hypoblast, and trophoblast lineages during bovine peri-implantation development. Notably, the comprehensive transcriptomic mapping of trophoblast development revealed a previously unrecognized primitive trophoblast cell lineage that is responsible for pregnancy maintenance in bovine prior to the time when binucleate cells emerge. We analyzed novel markers for the cell lineage development during bovine early development. We also identified cell-cell communication signaling underling embryonic and extraembryonic cell interaction to ensure proper early development. Collectively, our work provides foundational information to discover essential biological pathways underpinning bovine peri-implantation development and the molecular causes of the early pregnancy failure during this critical period. Significance Statement Peri-implantation development is essential for successful reproduction in mammalian species, and cattle have a unique process of elongation that proceeds for two weeks prior to implantation and represents a period when many pregnancies fail. Although the bovine embryo elongation has been studied histologically, the essential cellular and molecular factors governing lineage differentiation remain unexplored. This study profiled the transcriptome of single cells in the bovine peri-implantation development throughout day 12, 14, 16, and 18, and identified peri-implantation stage-related features of cell lineages. The candidate regulatory genes, factors, pathways and embryonic and extraembryonic cell interactions were also prioritized to ensure proper embryo elongation in cattle.
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3
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Sharma GP, Kosuru R, Lakshmikanthan S, Zheng S, Chen Y, Burns R, Xin G, Cui W, Chrzanowska M. Endothelial Rap1B mediates T-cell exclusion to promote tumor growth: a novel mechanism underlying vascular immunosuppression. Angiogenesis 2023; 26:265-278. [PMID: 36403190 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-022-09862-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Overcoming vascular immunosuppression: lack of endothelial cell (EC) responsiveness to inflammatory stimuli in the proangiogenic environment of tumors, is essential for successful cancer immunotherapy. The mechanisms through which Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A(VEGF-A) modulates tumor EC response to exclude T-cells are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that EC-specific deletion of small GTPase Rap1B, previously implicated in normal angiogenesis, restricts tumor growth in endothelial-specific Rap1B-knockout (Rap1BiΔEC) mice. EC-specific Rap1B deletion inhibits angiogenesis, but also leads to an altered tumor microenvironment with increased recruitment of leukocytes and increased activity of tumor CD8+ T-cells. Depletion of CD8+ T-cells restored tumor growth in Rap1BiΔEC mice. Mechanistically, global transcriptome and functional analyses indicated upregulation of signaling by a tumor cytokine, TNF-α, and increased NF-κB transcription in Rap1B-deficient ECs. Rap1B-deficiency led to elevated proinflammatory chemokine and Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs) expression in TNF-α stimulated ECs. Importantly, CAM expression was elevated in tumor ECs from Rap1BiΔEC mice. Significantly, Rap1B deletion prevented VEGF-A-induced immunosuppressive downregulation of CAM expression, demonstrating that Rap1B is essential for VEGF-A-suppressive signaling. Thus, our studies identify a novel endothelial-endogenous mechanism underlying VEGF-A-dependent desensitization of EC to proinflammatory stimuli. Significantly, they identify EC Rap1B as a potential novel vascular target in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramoji Kosuru
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-2178, USA
| | | | - Shikan Zheng
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-2178, USA
| | - Yao Chen
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-2178, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Robert Burns
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-2178, USA
| | - Gang Xin
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-2178, USA
| | - Weiguo Cui
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-2178, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Magdalena Chrzanowska
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-2178, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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4
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Di Matteo A, Belloni E, Pradella D, Chiaravalli AM, Pini GM, Bugatti M, Alfieri R, Barzan C, Franganillo Tena E, Bione S, Terenzani E, Sessa F, Wyatt CDR, Vermi W, Ghigna C. Alternative Splicing Changes Promoted by NOVA2 Upregulation in Endothelial Cells and Relevance for Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098102. [PMID: 37175811 PMCID: PMC10178952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is crucial for cancer progression. While several anti-angiogenic drugs are in use for cancer treatment, their clinical benefits are unsatisfactory. Thus, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms sustaining cancer vessel growth is fundamental to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Alternative splicing (AS) is an essential modifier of human proteome diversity. Nevertheless, AS contribution to tumor vasculature development is poorly known. The Neuro-Oncological Ventral Antigen 2 (NOVA2) is a critical AS regulator of angiogenesis and vascular development. NOVA2 is upregulated in tumor endothelial cells (ECs) of different cancers, thus representing a potential driver of tumor blood vessel aberrancies. Here, we identified novel AS transcripts generated upon NOVA2 upregulation in ECs, suggesting a pervasive role of NOVA2 in vascular biology. In addition, we report that NOVA2 is also upregulated in ECs of gastric cancer (GC), and its expression correlates with poor overall survival of GC patients. Finally, we found that the AS of the Rap Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor 6 (RapGEF6), a newly identified NOVA2 target, is altered in GC patients and associated with NOVA2 expression, tumor angiogenesis, and poor patient outcome. Our findings provide a better understanding of GC biology and suggest that AS might be exploited to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutics for anti-angiogenic GC treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Di Matteo
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisa Belloni
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Davide Pradella
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Maria Pini
- Department of Pathology, Ospedale di Circolo, ASST-Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Mattia Bugatti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Alfieri
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Barzan
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Istituto Universitario di Studi Superiori (IUSS), Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Franganillo Tena
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Bione
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisa Terenzani
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Fausto Sessa
- Department of Pathology, Ospedale di Circolo, ASST-Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Christopher D R Wyatt
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - William Vermi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110-1010, USA
| | - Claudia Ghigna
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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5
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Sun X, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Xu X, Lu W, Li Y, Bian F, Xiang L, Zhou L. Activation of the Epac/Rap1 signaling pathway alleviates blood-brain barrier disruption and brain damage following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:110014. [PMID: 36931001 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Blood brain barrier (BBB) destruction plays a key role in ischemia stroke, including promoting BBB leakage and brain edema, and leads to unfavorable patient prognosis. Epac/Rap1 signaling pathway is important in mediating endothelial cell barrier function. This study will investigate the regulatory role of Epac/Rap1 signaling pathway in BBB disruption after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CI/R) injury. CI/R model was induced by 90 min of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in male C57BL/6J mice. Injection of Epac/Rap1 signaling pathway agonist was performed half an hour before the MCAO operation. The results showed that CI/R injured the tight connection of BBB and evoked the suppression of the Epac/Rap1 signaling pathway. Based on Epac activation with a cAMP analogue, 8-CPT could improve BBB disfunction by increasing the expression of tight junction protein and reducing the formation of stress fibers. In addition, 8-CPT could ameliorate neurobehavioral disorders, cerebral edema, and cerebral infarction volume in MCAO mice. Moreover, inhibition of Epac pathway with Rap1 inhibitor GGTI298 and Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 could aggravate the damage of BBB and cerebral injury accordingly. Our results indicate that, the activation of Epac/Rap1 signaling pathway has neuroprotective effects on CI/R damaged brain, through the recovery of BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Sun
- School of Medical Technology and Nursing, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Yingnan Wang
- School of Medical Technology and Nursing, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuchen Zhao
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xinyi Xu
- School of Medical Technology and Nursing, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenjie Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yuying Li
- School of Medical Technology and Nursing, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fei Bian
- School of Medical Technology and Nursing, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lan Xiang
- School of Medical Technology and Nursing, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lanlan Zhou
- School of Medical Technology and Nursing, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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6
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Wang A, Li Z, Zhuo S, Gao F, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Ren G, Ma X. Mechanisms of Cardiorenal Protection With SGLT2 Inhibitors in Patients With T2DM Based on Network Pharmacology. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:857952. [PMID: 35677689 PMCID: PMC9169967 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.857952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have cardiorenal protective effects regardless of whether they are combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but their specific pharmacological mechanisms remain undetermined. Materials and Methods We used databases to obtain information on the disease targets of “Chronic Kidney Disease,” “Heart Failure,” and “Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus” as well as the targets of SGLT2 inhibitors. After screening the common targets, we used Cytoscape 3.8.2 software to construct SGLT2 inhibitors' regulatory network and protein-protein interaction network. The clusterProfiler R package was used to perform gene ontology functional analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analyses on the target genes. Molecular docking was utilized to verify the relationship between SGLT2 inhibitors and core targets. Results Seven different SGLT2 inhibitors were found to have cardiorenal protective effects on 146 targets. The main mechanisms of action may be associated with lipid and atherosclerosis, MAPK signaling pathway, Rap1 signaling pathway, endocrine resistance, fluid shear stress, atherosclerosis, TNF signaling pathway, relaxin signaling pathway, neurotrophin signaling pathway, and AGEs-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications were related. Docking of SGLT2 inhibitors with key targets such as GAPDH, MAPK3, MMP9, MAPK1, and NRAS revealed that these compounds bind to proteins spontaneously. Conclusion Based on pharmacological networks, this study elucidates the potential mechanisms of action of SGLT2 inhibitors from a systemic and holistic perspective. These key targets and pathways will provide new ideas for future studies on the pharmacological mechanisms of cardiorenal protection by SGLT2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anzhu Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhendong Li
- Qingdao West Coast New Area People's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Sun Zhuo
- Qingdao West Coast New Area People's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhibo Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Gaocan Ren
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochang Ma
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaochang Ma
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7
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Tan YQ, Li J, Chen HW. Epac, a positive or negative signaling molecule in cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacotherapy 2022; 148:112726. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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8
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Camillo C, Facchinello N, Villari G, Mana G, Gioelli N, Sandri C, Astone M, Tortarolo D, Clapero F, Gays D, Oberkersch RE, Arese M, Tamagnone L, Valdembri D, Santoro MM, Serini G. LPHN2 inhibits vascular permeability by differential control of endothelial cell adhesion. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212665. [PMID: 34581723 PMCID: PMC8480966 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202006033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic modulation of endothelial cell-to-cell and cell–to–extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion is essential for blood vessel patterning and functioning. Yet the molecular mechanisms involved in this process have not been completely deciphered. We identify the adhesion G protein–coupled receptor (ADGR) Latrophilin 2 (LPHN2) as a novel determinant of endothelial cell (EC) adhesion and barrier function. In cultured ECs, endogenous LPHN2 localizes at ECM contacts, signals through cAMP/Rap1, and inhibits focal adhesion (FA) formation and nuclear localization of YAP/TAZ transcriptional regulators, while promoting tight junction (TJ) assembly. ECs also express an endogenous LPHN2 ligand, fibronectin leucine-rich transmembrane 2 (FLRT2), that prevents ECM-elicited EC behaviors in an LPHN2-dependent manner. Vascular ECs of lphn2a knock-out zebrafish embryos become abnormally stretched, display a hyperactive YAP/TAZ pathway, and lack proper intercellular TJs. Consistently, blood vessels are hyperpermeable, and intravascularly injected cancer cells extravasate more easily in lphn2a null animals. Thus, LPHN2 ligands, such as FLRT2, may be therapeutically exploited to interfere with cancer metastatic dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Camillo
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Candiolo, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Nicola Facchinello
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Cancer Metabolism, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Villari
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Candiolo, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Giulia Mana
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Candiolo, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Noemi Gioelli
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Candiolo, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Chiara Sandri
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Candiolo, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Matteo Astone
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Cancer Metabolism, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Dora Tortarolo
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Candiolo, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Fabiana Clapero
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Candiolo, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Dafne Gays
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Roxana E Oberkersch
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Cancer Metabolism, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Arese
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Candiolo, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Luca Tamagnone
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.,"Agostino Gemelli" University Polyclinic Foundation, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Valdembri
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Candiolo, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Massimo M Santoro
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Cancer Metabolism, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Guido Serini
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Candiolo, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo, Italy
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9
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Takino JI, Miyazaki S, Nagamine K, Hori T. The Role of RASGRP2 in Vascular Endothelial Cells-A Mini Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011129. [PMID: 34681791 PMCID: PMC8537898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RAS guanyl nucleotide-releasing proteins (RASGRPs) are important proteins that act as guanine nucleotide exchange factors, which activate small GTPases and function as molecular switches for intracellular signals. The RASGRP family is composed of RASGRP1-4 proteins and activates the small GTPases, RAS and RAP. Among them, RASGRP2 has different characteristics from other RASGRPs in that it targets small GTPases and its localizations are different. Many studies related to RASGRP2 have been reported in cells of the blood cell lineage. Furthermore, RASGRP2 has also been reported to be associated with Huntington's disease, tumors, and rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, we also recently reported RASGRP2 expression in vascular endothelial cells, and clarified the involvement of xenopus Rasgrp2 in the vasculogenesis process and multiple signaling pathways of RASGRP2 in human vascular endothelial cells with stable expression of RASGRP2. Therefore, this article outlines the existing knowledge of RASGRP2 and focuses on its expression and role in vascular endothelial cells, and suggests that RASGRP2 functions as a protective factor for maintaining healthy blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichi Takino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Hirokoshingai, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan; (S.M.); (T.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-823-73-8584
| | - Shouhei Miyazaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Hirokoshingai, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan; (S.M.); (T.H.)
| | - Kentaro Nagamine
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Hirokoshingai, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan;
| | - Takamitsu Hori
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Hirokoshingai, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan; (S.M.); (T.H.)
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10
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Guo L, Sun H, Zhao Q, Xu Z, Zhang Z, Liu D, Qadri QR, Ma P, Wang Q, Pan Y. Positive selection signatures in Anqing six-end-white pig population based on reduced-representation genome sequencing data. Anim Genet 2021; 52:143-154. [PMID: 33458851 DOI: 10.1111/age.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Anqing six-end-white (AQ) pig performs well on resistance to coarse fodder and disease, reproduction and meat quality, offering high potential for exploitation. Environmental conditions and strict selections from local farmers have cultivated the AQ pig to be an outstanding and unique local pig breed. Thus we aim to detect genetic positive selection signatures within the AQ pig population to explore underlying genetic mechanisms. A relative extended haplotype homozygosity (REHH) test was performed in the population of 79 AQ pigs to seek evidence demonstrating that selective actions have left an imprint on the whole genome. In total, 430 500 REHH tests were performed on 53 067 core regions with average REHH tests of 8.11, average lengths of 11.50 kb and an overall length of 610.38 Mb which accounted for 26.94% of the whole genome. Finally, a total of 1819 core haplotypes (P < 0.01) and 586 candidate genes were obtained. These genes were mainly related to meat quality (MYOG, SNX19), resistance to disease (CRISPLD2, CD14) and reproduction traits (ERBB2, NRP2). A panel of genes within the 30 top significant REHH tests was mainly categorized to traits of meat quality and disease resistance. Among 13 KEGG pathways, MAPK, GnRH and Oxytocin signaling pathways, associated with the biological processes of crucial economic traits, were noteworthy. The excellent characteristics of the AQ pig benefited from the combination of natural and human factors. We provide a sketch map that shows the distribution of selection footprints on the whole genome of AQ pig and found potential genes for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Guo
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, East, 200240, China
| | - H Sun
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, East, 200240, China
| | - Q Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, East, 200240, China
| | - Z Xu
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, East, 200240, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, East, 200240, China
| | - D Liu
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, East, 200240, China
| | - Q R Qadri
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, East, 200240, China
| | - P Ma
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, East, 200240, China
| | - Q Wang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, East, 310058, China
| | - Y Pan
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, East, 310058, China
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11
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Wen S, He L, Zhong Z, Mi H, Liu F. Prognostic Model of Colorectal Cancer Constructed by Eight Immune-Related Genes. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:604252. [PMID: 33330631 PMCID: PMC7729086 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.604252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor of the digestive tract with a high mortality rate. Growing evidence demonstrates that immune-related genes play a prominent role in the occurrence and development of CRC. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of immune-related genes in CRC. Methods Gene expression profiles and clinical data of 568 CRC and 44 non-tumorous tissues were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. First, we performed a differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis and univariate Cox regression analysis to determine the DEGs associated with overall survival. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were subsequently performed for prognostic immune-related genes. Then, a multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to establish the immune prognostic model and identify the independent prognostic factors of CRC. Next, in vitro experiments were done to further validate the model. Finally, we analyzed the correlation among immune-related genes, clinical traits, and immune cell infiltration. Results In total, 3,702 DEGs were obtained, and 338 prognostic immune-related genes were identified. Among them, 45 genes were significantly correlated with the prognosis of CRC patients. A TF-mediated network was set up to explore its internal mechanism. GO and KEGG analyses further illustrated that these genes were enriched in immune-and inflammatory-related pathways. Then, a prognostic prediction model composed of eight immune-related genes (SLC10A2, UTS2, FGF2, UCN, IL1RL2, ESM1, ADIPOQ, and VIP) was constructed. The AUC of the ROC curve for 1, 3, 5, and 10 years overall survival (OS) was 0.751, 0.707, 0.680, and 0.729, respectively. The survival analysis suggested that the OS of the high-risk group was significantly poorer than that of the low-risk group. Meanwhile, in vitro assays revealed that ESM1 and SLC10A2 exert opposing roles in colon cancer cell proliferation, validating the accuracy of the model. The correlation analysis indicated that immune cell infiltration was positively related to the model. Conclusion This study screened prognosis-related immune genes and developed a prognostic prediction model of CRC. These findings may help provide potential novel prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for CRC. At the same time, the understanding of the CRC immune microenvironment status was deepened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Wen
- The First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Long He
- The First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuotai Zhong
- The First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Mi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengbin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Han J, Wan M, Ma Z, Hu C, Yi H. Prediction of Targets of Curculigoside A in Osteoporosis and Rheumatoid Arthritis Using Network Pharmacology and Experimental Verification. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:5235-5250. [PMID: 33273808 PMCID: PMC7705647 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s282112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Network pharmacology is considered to be the next-generation drug development model that uses bioinformatics to predict and identify multiple drug targets and interactions in diseases. Here, network pharmacology was used to investigate the mechanism by which Curculigoside A (CA) acts in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoporosis. Methods First, TCMSP and SwissADME were applied to predict the druggability of CA. Then, potential targets were identified from overlapping data in SwissTarget and TargetNet, and targets were analyzed using Genemania and DAVID6.8 to obtain information about the GO and KEGG pathways. Ultimately, the drug-target-pathway network was identified after using Cytoscape 3.0 for visualization. Besides, qPCR was used to validate the predicted five major genes targets (EGFR, MAP2K1, MMP2, FGFR1, and MCL1). Results The results of TCMSP and SwissADME demonstrated that CA exhibits good druggability; 26 potential protein targets were classified by SwissTarget and TargetNet. The results of Genemania and DAVID6.8 indicated that CA probably caused anti-osteoporosis and anti-RA effects by regulating some biological pathways, especially nitrogen metabolism, estrogen signaling pathway, Rap1 signaling pathway, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Besides, the result of Cytoscape 3.0 showed that the 26 targets participate in osteoporosis and RA-related pathways, metabolism, and other physiological processes. In vitro induced inflammation cell model experiments, the qPCR results showed that CA pretreatment significantly decreased the expression of EGFR, MAP2K1, MMP2, FGFR1, and MCL1 genes. Conclusion These results suggested that network pharmacology may provide possible mechanism of how CA exerts therapeutic effects in osteoporosis and RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Han
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130031, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation Ministry of Education, Changchun, Jilin 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Minjie Wan
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130031, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanchuan Ma
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130031, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation Ministry of Education, Changchun, Jilin 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Hu
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130031, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation Ministry of Education, Changchun, Jilin 130021, People's Republic of China.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanfa Yi
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130031, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation Ministry of Education, Changchun, Jilin 130021, People's Republic of China
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13
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Lin J, Liang P, Huang Q, Jian C, Huang J, Tang X, Li X, Liao Y, Huang X, Huang W, Su L, Meng L. Using mRNA deep sequencing to analyze differentially expressed genes during Panax notoginseng saponin treatment of ischemic stroke. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:4743-4753. [PMID: 33173991 PMCID: PMC7646891 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment with Panax notoginseng saponin (PNS) can prevent neurological damage in middle cerebral artery occlusion model rats to promote recovery after a stroke. However, the exact molecular mechanisms are unknown and require further study. In the present study, mRNA sequencing was employed to investigate differential gene expression between model and sham groups, and between model and PNS-treated groups. Enrichment of gene data was performed using Gene Ontology analysis and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database. Hub genes were identified and networks were constructed using Cytoscape that were further verified by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. A total of 1,104 genes of interest were found, which included 690 upregulated and 414 downregulated genes that were identified when the model was compared with the sham group. Additionally, 817 genes of interest, which included 390 upregulated and 427 downregulated genes, were identified when the PNS-treated group was compared with the model group. There were 303 overlapping genes of interest between the analysis of model to sham groups, and the analysis of model to PNS-treated groups. The top 10 genes from the 303 aberrantly expressed genes of interest included ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 variant 2, small ubiquitin-related modifier 1, small RNA binding exonuclease protection factor La, Finkel-Biskis-Reilly murine sarcoma virus (FBR-MuSV) ubiquitously expressed, centrosomal protein 290 kDa, DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit K, cullin-4B, matrin-3 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2. In conclusion, these genes may be important in the underlying mechanism of PNS treatment in ischemic stroke. Additionally, the present data provided novel insight into the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 533000, P.R. China
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 533000, P.R. China
| | - Qing Huang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 533000, P.R. China
| | - Chongdong Jian
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 533000, P.R. China
| | - Jianmin Huang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 533000, P.R. China
| | - Xionglin Tang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 533000, P.R. China
| | - Xuebin Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 533000, P.R. China
| | - Yanling Liao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 533000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 533000, P.R. China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 533000, P.R. China
| | - Li Su
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 533000, P.R. China
| | - Lanqing Meng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 533000, P.R. China
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Alharby E, Bakhsh MA, Albalawi AM, Almutairi SO, Hashmi JA, Basit S. A novel missense variant in the RASGRP2 gene in patients with moderate to severe bleeding disorder. Platelets 2020; 31:646-651. [PMID: 32609603 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2019.1663803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Inherited platelet function disorder-18 (IPD-18) is a relatively new non-syndromic autosomal recessive bleeding disorder. It is characterized by deficient or dysfunctional CalDAG-GEFI protein. The distinctive feature of the disease is impaired platelet aggregation in response to multiple physiologic agonists. We here report a family with a platelet-type bleeding disorder and a novel mutation in the RASGRP2 gene. The overall bleeding score for the affected individuals was 15 and 12. Based on the initial diagnosis of Glanzmann thrombasthenia, targeted sequencing of integrin subunit alpha 2b and integrin subunit beta 3 encoding genes ITGA2B and ITGB3 were carried out in both affected members of a family. Sequence alignment failed to identify the disease-causing variant(s) in both genes. Therefore, whole exome sequencing in one affected individual was performed. Data analysis detected a novel homozygous missense variant (c.956C>T; p.Pro319Leu) in the exon 9 of the RASGRP2 gene. Five additional individuals of a family including both parents, an affected individual and two asymptomatic individuals were Sanger sequenced for the variant (c.956C>T). The variant segregates in the family in an autosomal recessive manner. Several in silico tools predicted the variant as pathogenic. Protein modeling studies suggest that the mutation (p.Pro319Leu) cause a conformational change in the loop structure of the RasGEF domain of the CalDAG-GEFI protein. Reported variants in the RasGEF domain impair expression and/or nucleotide exchange activity of CalDAG-GEFI protein and thus inhibit the activation of Rap1 protein required for platelet adhesion and hemostatic plug formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essa Alharby
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University Medina, Almadinah Almunawwarah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Bakhsh
- College of Applied Medical Science, Taibah University Medina, Almadinah Almunawwarah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Alia M Albalawi
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University Medina, Almadinah Almunawwarah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan O Almutairi
- College of Applied Medical Science, Taibah University Medina, Almadinah Almunawwarah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamil A Hashmi
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University Medina, Almadinah Almunawwarah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulman Basit
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University Medina, Almadinah Almunawwarah , Saudi Arabia
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15
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Conformationally active integrin endocytosis and traffic: why, where, when and how? Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:83-93. [PMID: 32065228 PMCID: PMC7054750 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal control of integrin-mediated cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical for physiological and pathological events in multicellular organisms, such as embryonic development, angiogenesis, platelet aggregation, leukocytes extravasation, and cancer cell metastatic dissemination. Regulation of integrin adhesive function and signaling relies on the modulation of both conformation and traffic. Indeed, integrins exist in a dynamic equilibrium between a bent/closed (inactive) and an extended/open (active) conformation, respectively endowed with low and high affinity for ECM ligands. Increasing evidence proves that, differently to what hypothesized in the past, detachment from the ECM and conformational inactivation are not mandatory for integrin to get endocytosed and trafficked. Specific transmembrane and cytosolic proteins involved in the control of ECM proteolytic fragment-bound active integrin internalization and recycling exist. In the complex masterplan that governs cell behavior, active integrin traffic is key to the turnover of ECM polymers and adhesion sites, the polarized secretion of endogenous ECM proteins and modifying enzymes, the propagation of motility and survival endosomal signals, and the control of cell metabolism.
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Abstract
PURPOSE To identify differentially expressed circular RNAs (circRNAs) in corneal neovascularization. METHODS We established an alkali burn-induced corneal neovascularization model and performed circRNA expression profiling to identify differentially expressed circRNAs between avascular corneas and vascularized corneas. Gene ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses of the host genes of dysregulated circRNAs were performed to determine the related biological modules and pathological pathways. Real-time polymerase chain reactions were performed to detect the expression pattern of circRNAs in the clinical samples. In vitro experiments were performed to determine the role of circRNAs in vascular endothelial angiogenic effects. RESULTS Two hundred twenty-nine circRNAs were differentially expressed between avascular corneas and vascularized corneas. The host genes of dysregulated circRNAs were targeted to cell cycle (biologic process), cytoplasm (cellular component), and protein binding (molecular function). Rap1 signaling was identified as the most enriched signaling pathway. Clinical studies showed that the human ortholog of cZFP609 and cKifap3 was dysregulated in the vascularized human corneas. cKifap3 silencing facilitated vascular endothelial angiogenic effects by regulating endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that circRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of corneal neovascularization. cZFP609 and cKifap3 may serve as promising targets for the treatment of corneal neovascularization.
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Guo X, Ji J, Feng Z, Hou X, Luo Y, Mei Z. A network pharmacology approach to explore the potential targets underlying the effect of sinomenine on rheumatoid arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 80:106201. [PMID: 31972421 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the potential targets underlying the effect of sinomenine (SIN) on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by utilizing a network pharmacology approach. METHODS SIN and its drug targets were identified using network analysis followed by experimental validation. First, the Pharmmapper, UniProt and GeneCards databases were mined for information relevant to the prediction of SIN targets and RA-related targets. Second, the SIN-target gene and SIN-RA target gene networks were created in Cytoscape software followed by the collection of the candidate targets of each component by R software. Eventually, the key targets and enriched pathways were examined by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. RESULTS Sixty-seven potential targets of SIN and 3797 related targets involved in RA were subjected to network analysis, and the 20 intersection targets indicated the principal pathways linked to RA. Additionally, 16 key targets, which were linked to more than three genes, were determined to be crucial genes. GO analysis showed that 14 biological processes, 5 cellular components and 2 molecular functions were identified, when corrected by a P value ≤ 0.01. Seven related signaling pathways were identified by KEGG analysis, when corrected according to a Bonferroni P value ≤ 0.05. CONCLUSION The present study explored the potential targets and signaling pathways of SIN during the treatment of RA, which may help to illustrate the mechanism (s) involved in the action of SIN and may provide a better understanding of its anti-rheumatoid arthritis effects in terms of inhibiting angiogenesis, synovial hyperplasia, and bone destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Guo
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Jinyu Ji
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Zhitao Feng
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China; Institute of Rheumatology, the First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443003, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Hou
- Institute of Rheumatology, the First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443003, China
| | - Yanan Luo
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Zhigang Mei
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China.
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18
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Jahejo AR, Zhang D, Niu S, Mangi RA, Khan A, Qadir MF, Khan A, Chen HC, Tian WX. Transcriptome-based screening of intracellular pathways and angiogenesis related genes at different stages of thiram induced tibial lesions in broiler chickens. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:50. [PMID: 31941444 PMCID: PMC6964038 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6456-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) in fast-growing chickens is mainly caused by improper blood circulation. The exact mechanism underlying angiogenesis and vascularization in tibial growth plate of broiler chickens remains unclear. Therefore, this research attempts to study genes involved in the regulation of angiogenesis in chicken red blood cells. Twenty-four broiler chickens were allotted into a control and thiram (Tetramethyl thiuram disulfide) group. Blood samples were collected on day 2, 6 (8- and 14-days old chickens) and 15 (23 days old chickens). Results Histopathology and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) results showed that angiogenesis decreased on the 6th day of the experiment but started to recover on the 15th day of the experiment. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) results confirmed the expressions of integrin alpha-v precursor (ITGAV) and clusterin precursor (CLU). Transcriptome sequencing analysis evaluated 293 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 103 up-regulated genes and 190 down-regulated genes were enriched in the pathways of neuroactive ligand receptor interaction, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), ribosome, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, focal adhesion, natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity and the notch signalling pathways. DEGs (n = 20) related to angiogenesis of chicken erythrocytes in the enriched pathways were thromboxane A2 receptor (TBXA2R), interleukin-1 receptor type 1 precursor (IL1R1), ribosomal protein L17 (RPL17), integrin beta-3 precursor (ITGB3), ITGAV, integrin beta-2 precursor (ITGB2), ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 (RAC2), integrin alpha-2 (ITGA2), IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 2 (IQGAP2), ARF GTPase-activating protein (GIT1), proto-oncogene vav (VAV1), integrin alpha-IIb-like (ITGA5), ras-related protein Rap-1b precursor (RAP1B), tyrosine protein kinase Fyn-like (FYN), tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11 (PTPN11), protein patched homolog 1 (PTCH1), nuclear receptor corepressor 2 (NCOR2) and mastermind like protein 3 (MAML3) selected for further confirmation with qPCR. However, commonly DEGs were sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 (ATP2A3), ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 R2 (UBE2R2), centriole cilia and spindle-associated protein (CCSAP), coagulation factor XIII A chain protein (F13A1), shroom 2 isoform X6 (SHROOM2), ras GTPase-activating protein 3 (RASA3) and CLU. Conclusion We have found potential therapeutic genes concerned to erythrocytes and blood regulation, which regulated the angiogenesis in thiram induced TD chickens. This study also revealed the potential functions of erythrocytes. Graphical abstract 1. Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) in chickens were more on day 6, which started recovering on day 15. 2. The enriched pathway observed in TD chickens on day 6 was ribosome pathway, on day 15 were regulation of actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesion pathway. 3. The genes involved in the ribosome pathways was ribosomal protein L17 (RPL17). regulation of actin cytoskeleton pathway were Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 (RAC2), Ras-related protein Rap-1b precursor (RAP1B), ARF GTPase-activating protein (GIT1), IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 2 (IQGAP2), Integrin alpha-v precursor (ITGAV), Integrin alpha-2 (ITGA2), Integrin beta-2 precursor (ITGB2), Integrin beta-3 precursor (ITGB3), Integrin alpha-IIb-like (ITGA5). Focal adhesion Proto-oncogene vav (Vav-like), Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn-like (FYN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza Jahejo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Ding Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Sheng Niu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Raza Ali Mangi
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Afrasyab Khan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Muhammad Farhan Qadir
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Ajab Khan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Huan-Chun Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wen-Xia Tian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
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Clark DJ, Dhanasekaran SM, Petralia F, Pan J, Song X, Hu Y, da Veiga Leprevost F, Reva B, Lih TSM, Chang HY, Ma W, Huang C, Ricketts CJ, Chen L, Krek A, Li Y, Rykunov D, Li QK, Chen LS, Ozbek U, Vasaikar S, Wu Y, Yoo S, Chowdhury S, Wyczalkowski MA, Ji J, Schnaubelt M, Kong A, Sethuraman S, Avtonomov DM, Ao M, Colaprico A, Cao S, Cho KC, Kalayci S, Ma S, Liu W, Ruggles K, Calinawan A, Gümüş ZH, Geiszler D, Kawaler E, Teo GC, Wen B, Zhang Y, Keegan S, Li K, Chen F, Edwards N, Pierorazio PM, Chen XS, Pavlovich CP, Hakimi AA, Brominski G, Hsieh JJ, Antczak A, Omelchenko T, Lubinski J, Wiznerowicz M, Linehan WM, Kinsinger CR, Thiagarajan M, Boja ES, Mesri M, Hiltke T, Robles AI, Rodriguez H, Qian J, Fenyö D, Zhang B, Ding L, Schadt E, Chinnaiyan AM, Zhang Z, Omenn GS, Cieslik M, Chan DW, Nesvizhskii AI, Wang P, Zhang H. Integrated Proteogenomic Characterization of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cell 2019; 179:964-983.e31. [PMID: 31675502 PMCID: PMC7331093 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the deregulated functional modules that drive clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), we performed comprehensive genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and phosphoproteomic characterization of treatment-naive ccRCC and paired normal adjacent tissue samples. Genomic analyses identified a distinct molecular subgroup associated with genomic instability. Integration of proteogenomic measurements uniquely identified protein dysregulation of cellular mechanisms impacted by genomic alterations, including oxidative phosphorylation-related metabolism, protein translation processes, and phospho-signaling modules. To assess the degree of immune infiltration in individual tumors, we identified microenvironment cell signatures that delineated four immune-based ccRCC subtypes characterized by distinct cellular pathways. This study reports a large-scale proteogenomic analysis of ccRCC to discern the functional impact of genomic alterations and provides evidence for rational treatment selection stemming from ccRCC pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Clark
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | | | - Francesca Petralia
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jianbo Pan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yingwei Hu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | | | - Boris Reva
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Tung-Shing M Lih
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Hui-Yin Chang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Weiping Ma
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Chen Huang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christopher J Ricketts
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lijun Chen
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Azra Krek
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yize Li
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dmitry Rykunov
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Qing Kay Li
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Lin S Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Umut Ozbek
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Suhas Vasaikar
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yige Wu
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Seungyeul Yoo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Shrabanti Chowdhury
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Jiayi Ji
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Michael Schnaubelt
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Andy Kong
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Dmitry M Avtonomov
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Minghui Ao
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Antonio Colaprico
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Song Cao
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kyung-Cho Cho
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Selim Kalayci
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Shiyong Ma
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Wenke Liu
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kelly Ruggles
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Anna Calinawan
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Zeynep H Gümüş
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Daniel Geiszler
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Emily Kawaler
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Guo Ci Teo
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Bo Wen
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sarah Keegan
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kai Li
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Feng Chen
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nathan Edwards
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Phillip M Pierorazio
- Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Xi Steven Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Christian P Pavlovich
- Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - A Ari Hakimi
- Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gabriel Brominski
- Department of Urology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Szwajcarska 3, Poznań 61-285, Poland
| | - James J Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Andrzej Antczak
- Department of Urology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Szwajcarska 3, Poznań 61-285, Poland
| | - Tatiana Omelchenko
- Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-252, Poland
| | - Maciej Wiznerowicz
- International Institute for Molecular Oncology, Poznań 60-203, Poland; Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60-701, Poland
| | - W Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christopher R Kinsinger
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Emily S Boja
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mehdi Mesri
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tara Hiltke
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ana I Robles
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Henry Rodriguez
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jiang Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - David Fenyö
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Bing Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Li Ding
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Eric Schadt
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Sema4, Stamford, CT 06902, USA
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Gilbert S Omenn
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Human Genetics, and School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Marcin Cieslik
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Daniel W Chan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
| | | | - Pei Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
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20
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Wu J, Niu Q, Yuan J, Xu X, Cao L. Novel compound cedrelone inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma progression via PBLD and Ras/Rap1. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:4209-4220. [PMID: 31777531 PMCID: PMC6862430 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is known that Phenazine biosynthesis-like domain-containing protein (PBLD) expression is downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), its biological function is unclear. Additionally, no agents capable of upregulating PBLD exist. In the current study, the relationship between PBLD and HCC was analyzed using clinicopathological specimens. A HCC cell model, microarray analysis and an animal model were used to verify the therapeutic effect of cedrelone on HCC. The present study demonstrated that PBLD inhibited HCC progression. Furthermore, the present study revealed that cedrelone possessed treated-HCC capabilities via targeted PBLD overexpression. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype and growth rate were inhibited and the apoptosis ratio was promoted by cedrelone following PBLD overexpression. The Ras and Ras-proximate-1 signaling pathways were also determined to be regulated by cedrelone via PBLD activation in HCC. PBLD may therefore be an independent predictor of HCC progression and a novel target for HCC treatment. Additionally, the PBLD activator, cedrelone, may be a potential drug for HCC treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansong Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army Rocket Force, Beijing 100088, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Niu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army Rocket Force, Beijing 100088, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army Rocket Force, Beijing 100088, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodan Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army Rocket Force, Beijing 100088, P.R. China
| | - Liuxia Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army Rocket Force, Beijing 100088, P.R. China
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21
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The Many Faces of Rap1 GTPase. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102848. [PMID: 30241315 PMCID: PMC6212855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review addresses the issue of the numerous roles played by Rap1 GTPase (guanosine triphosphatase) in different cell types, in terms of both physiology and pathology. It is one among a myriad of small G proteins with endogenous GTP-hydrolyzing activity that is considerably stimulated by posttranslational modifications (geranylgeranylation) or guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), and inhibited by GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Rap1 is a ubiquitous protein that plays an essential role in the control of metabolic processes, such as signal transduction from plasma membrane receptors, cytoskeleton rearrangements necessary for cell division, intracellular and substratum adhesion, as well as cell motility, which is needed for extravasation or fusion. We present several examples of how Rap1 affects cells and organs, pointing to possible molecular manipulations that could have application in the therapy of several diseases.
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22
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Identification of circular RNAs as a promising new class of diagnostic biomarkers for human breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:44096-44107. [PMID: 28484086 PMCID: PMC5546465 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous noncoding circular RNAs (circRNAs) have gained attention for their involvement in carcinogenesis, but their expression pattern in breast cancer has remained largely unknown. In this two-stage study, we first used an Arraystar Human circRNA Array to construct a genome-wide circRNA profile. We then selected candidate circRNAs for validation using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction system. CircRNA/miRNA interactions were predicted and sequence analyses were performed. Among 1155 differentially expressed circRNAs, 715 were upregulated and 440 were downregulated in breast cancer tissues. The validation study demonstrated that hsa_circ_103110, hsa_circ_104689 and hsa_circ_104821 levels were elevated in breast cancer tissues, whereas hsa_circ_006054, hsa_circ_100219 and hsa_circ_406697 were downregulated. These circRNAs targeted complementary miRNA response elements. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for distinguishing breast cancer was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.73-0.90) when hsa_circ_006054, hsa_circ_100219 and hsa_circ_406697 were used in combination. This study provides evidence that circRNAs are differentially expressed in breast cancer and are important in carcinogenesis because they participate in cancer-related pathways and sequester miRNAs.
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23
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Geng Y, Gao R, Liu X, Chen X, Liu S, Ding Y, Mu X, Wang Y, He J. Folate deficiency inhibits the PCP pathway and alters genomic methylation levels during embryonic development. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:7333-7342. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Geng
- Laboratory of Reproductive BiologySchool of Public Health and ManagementChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingP.R. China
| | - Rufei Gao
- Laboratory of Reproductive BiologySchool of Public Health and ManagementChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingP.R. China
| | - Xueqing Liu
- Laboratory of Reproductive BiologySchool of Public Health and ManagementChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingP.R. China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Laboratory of Reproductive BiologySchool of Public Health and ManagementChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingP.R. China
| | - Shangjing Liu
- Laboratory of Reproductive BiologySchool of Public Health and ManagementChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingP.R. China
| | - Yubin Ding
- Laboratory of Reproductive BiologySchool of Public Health and ManagementChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingP.R. China
| | - Xinyi Mu
- Laboratory of Reproductive BiologySchool of Public Health and ManagementChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingP.R. China
| | - Yingxiong Wang
- Laboratory of Reproductive BiologySchool of Public Health and ManagementChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingP.R. China
| | - Junlin He
- Laboratory of Reproductive BiologySchool of Public Health and ManagementChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingP.R. China
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Molina-Ortiz P, Orban T, Martin M, Habets A, Dequiedt F, Schurmans S. Rasa3 controls turnover of endothelial cell adhesion and vascular lumen integrity by a Rap1-dependent mechanism. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007195. [PMID: 29381707 PMCID: PMC5806903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rasa3 is a GTPase activating protein of the GAP1 family which targets R-Ras and Rap1. Although catalytic inactivation or deletion of Rasa3 in mice leads to severe hemorrhages and embryonic lethality, the biological function and cellular location of Rasa3 underlying these defects remains unknown. Here, using a combination of loss of function studies in mouse and zebrafish as well as in vitro cell biology approaches, we identify a key role for Rasa3 in endothelial cells and vascular lumen integrity. Specific ablation of Rasa3 in the mouse endothelium, but not in megakaryocytes and platelets, lead to embryonic bleeding and death at mid-gestation, recapitulating the phenotype observed in full Rasa3 knock-out mice. Reduced plexus/sprouts formation and vascular lumenization defects were observed when Rasa3 was specifically inactivated in mouse endothelial cells at the postnatal or adult stages. Similar results were obtained in zebrafish after decreasing Rasa3 expression. In vitro, depletion of Rasa3 in cultured endothelial cells increased β1 integrin activation and cell adhesion to extracellular matrix components, decreased cell migration and blocked tubulogenesis. During migration, these Rasa3-depleted cells exhibited larger and more mature adhesions resulting from a perturbed dynamics of adhesion assembly and disassembly which significantly increased their life time. These defects were due to a hyperactivation of the Rap1 GTPase and blockade of FAK/Src signaling. Finally, Rasa3-depleted cells showed reduced turnover of VE-cadherin-based adhesions resulting in more stable endothelial cell-cell adhesion and decreased endothelial permeability. Altogether, our results indicate that Rasa3 is a critical regulator of Rap1 in endothelial cells which controls adhesions properties and vascular lumen integrity; its specific endothelial cell inactivation results in occluded blood vessels, hemorrhages and early embryonic death in mouse, mimicking thus the Rasa3-/- mouse phenotype. Because it delivers oxygen and nutriments to every tissue in the body, the vascular system is essential to vertebrate life. Blood vessels consist of a layer of interconnected endothelial cells delineating a luminal space through which blood flows. Formation of vascular lumens is a critical step in vascular development, as vessels should allow unrestricted blood flow while absorbing the pressure from cardiac activity yet retaining flexibility to adapt to homeostatic needs. Our current knowledge of how lumens are established and maintained is still modest and has come essentially from in vitro systems. Here, using a combination of loss of function studies in mouse and zebrafish and in vitro cell biology approaches, we show that Rasa3, a GTPase activating protein of the GAP1 family, controls Rap1 activation, endothelial cell adhesion and migration as well as formation of vascular lumens. We also found that inactivation of Rasa3 specifically in mouse endothelial cells lead to embryonic bleeding and death at mid-gestation, recapitulating the phenotype observed in full Rasa3 knock-out mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Molina-Ortiz
- Laboratory of Functional Genetics, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Disease, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Tanguy Orban
- Laboratory of Protein signaling and Interactions Signalisation, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Maud Martin
- Laboratory of Functional Genetics, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Disease, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Laboratory of Protein signaling and Interactions Signalisation, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Audrey Habets
- Laboratory of Protein signaling and Interactions Signalisation, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Franck Dequiedt
- Laboratory of Protein signaling and Interactions Signalisation, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Schurmans
- Laboratory of Functional Genetics, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Disease, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Lakshmikanthan S, Sobczak M, Li Calzi S, Shaw L, Grant MB, Chrzanowska-Wodnicka M. Rap1B promotes VEGF-induced endothelial permeability and is required for dynamic regulation of the endothelial barrier. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.207605. [PMID: 29222111 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.207605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a key angiogenic and permeability factor, plays an important role in new blood vessel formation. However, abnormal VEGF-induced VEGFR2 signaling leads to hyperpermeability. We have shown previously that Rap1, best known for promoting cell adhesion and vessel stability, is a critical regulator of VEGFR2-mediated angiogenic and shear-stress EC responses. To determine the role of Rap1 role in endothelial barrier dynamics, we examined vascular permeability in EC-specific Rap1A- and Rap1B-knockout mice, cell-cell junction remodeling and EC monolayer resistivity in Rap1-deficient ECs under basal, inflammatory or elevated VEGF conditions. Deletion of either Rap1 isoform impaired de novo adherens junction (AJ) formation and recovery from LPS-induced barrier disruption in vivo However, only Rap1A deficiency increased permeability in ECs and lung vessels. Interestingly, Rap1B deficiency attenuated VEGF-induced permeability in vivo and AJ remodeling in vitro Therefore, only Rap1A is required for the maintenance of normal vascular integrity. Importantly, Rap1B is the primary isoform essential for normal VEGF-induced EC barrier dissolution. Deletion of either Rap1 isoform protected against hyper permeability in the STZ-induced diabetes model, suggesting clinical implications for targeting Rap1 in pathologies with VEGF-induced hyperpermeability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magdalena Sobczak
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Sergio Li Calzi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Lynn Shaw
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Maria B Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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26
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Ubiquitously-expressed small GTPase Rap1 is a key modulator of integrin- and cadherin-regulated processes. In endothelium, Rap1 promotes angiogenesis and endothelial barrier function, acting downstream from cAMP-activated Rap1GEF, Epac. Recent in-vivo studies in mouse models have provided more information about the physiological role of Rap1 in vessel development and after birth under normal and pathologic conditions. Important molecular details of dynamic regulation of endothelial barrier are uncovered. RECENT FINDINGS Rap1 is not essential for initial vessel formation but is critical for vessel stabilization, as double knockout of the two Rap1 isoforms leads to hemorrhage and embryonic lethality. After development, Rap1 is not required for endothelial barrier maintenance but is critical for nitric oxide production and endothelial function. Radil and Afadin mediate Rap1 effects on endothelial barrier function by regulating connection with Rho GTPases, actomyosin cytoskeleton, and cell-cell adhesion receptors. SUMMARY Rap1 is critically required for nitric oxide release and normal endothelial function in vivo. Mechanistic studies lead to a novel paradigm of Rap1 as a critical regulator of endothelial cell shear stress responses and endothelial homeostasis. Increased understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying endothelial barrier regulation may identify novel pharmacological targets for retinopathies and conditions with altered endothelial barrier function or when increased endothelial barrier is desired.
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27
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Yu X, Zhang Q, Zhao Y, Schwarz BJ, Stallone JN, Heaps CL, Han G. Activation of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 induces coronary artery relaxation via Epac/Rap1-mediated inhibition of RhoA/Rho kinase pathway in parallel with PKA. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173085. [PMID: 28278256 PMCID: PMC5344336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported that cAMP/PKA signaling is involved in GPER-mediated coronary relaxation by activating MLCP via inhibition of RhoA pathway. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that activation of GPER induces coronary artery relaxation via inhibition of RhoA/Rho kinase pathway by cAMP downstream targets, exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (Epac) as well as PKA. Our results show that Epac inhibitors, brefeldin A (BFA, 50 μM), or ESI-09 (20 μM), or CE3F4 (100 μM), all partially inhibited porcine coronary artery relaxation response to the selective GPER agonist, G-1 (0.3–3 μM); while concurrent administration of BFA and PKI (5 μM), a PKA inhibitor, almost completely blocked the relaxation effect of G-1. The Epac specific agonist, 8-CPT-2Me-cAMP (007, 1–100 μM), induced a concentration-dependent relaxation response. Furthermore, the activity of Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) was up regulated by G-1 (1 μM) treatment of porcine coronary artery smooth muscle cells (CASMCs). Phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (p-VASP) was elevated by G-1 (1 μM) treatment, but not by 007 (50 μM); and the effect of G-1 on p-VASP was blocked by PKI, but not by ESI-09, an Epac antagonist. RhoA activity was similarly down regulated by G-1 and 007, whereas ESI-09 restored most of the reduced RhoA activity by G-1 treatment. Furthermore, G-1 decreased PGF2α-induced p-MYPT1, which was partially reversed with either ESI-09 or PKI; whereas, concurrent administration of ESI-09 and PKI totally prevented the inhibitory effect of G-1. The inhibitory effects of G-1 on p- MLC levels in CASMCs were mostly restored by either ESI-09 or PKI. These results demonstrate that activation of GPER induces coronary artery relaxation via concurrent inhibition of RhoA/Rho kinase by Epac/Rap1 and PKA. GPER could be a potential drug target for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Benjamin J. Schwarz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - John N. Stallone
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
- Women's Health Division, Michael E. DeBakey Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Cristine L. Heaps
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Guichun Han
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
- Women's Health Division, Michael E. DeBakey Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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28
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Abstract
Secreted class 3 semaphorins (Sema3), which signal through holoreceptor complexes that are formed by different subunits, such as neuropilins (Nrps), proteoglycans, and plexins, were initially characterized as fundamental regulators of axon guidance during embryogenesis. Subsequently, Sema3A, Sema3C, Sema3D, and Sema3E were discovered to play crucial roles in cardiovascular development, mainly acting through Nrp1 and Plexin D1, which funnels the signal of multiple Sema3 in vascular endothelial cells. Mechanistically, Sema3 proteins control cardiovascular patterning through the enzymatic GTPase-activating-protein activity of the cytodomain of Plexin D1, which negatively regulates the function of Rap1, a small GTPase that is well-known for its ability to drive vascular morphogenesis and to elicit the conformational activation of integrin adhesion receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Valdembri
- a Department of Oncology , University of Torino School of Medicine , Candiolo, Torino , Italy.,b Laboratory of Cell Adhesion Dynamics, Candiolo Cancer Institute - Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO) Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) , Candiolo, Torino , Italy
| | - Donatella Regano
- c Laboratory of Transgenic Mouse Models, Candiolo Cancer Institute - Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO) Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) , Candiolo, Torino , Italy.,d Department of Science and Drug Technology , University of Torino , Candiolo, Torino , Italy
| | - Federica Maione
- c Laboratory of Transgenic Mouse Models, Candiolo Cancer Institute - Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO) Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) , Candiolo, Torino , Italy.,d Department of Science and Drug Technology , University of Torino , Candiolo, Torino , Italy
| | - Enrico Giraudo
- c Laboratory of Transgenic Mouse Models, Candiolo Cancer Institute - Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO) Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) , Candiolo, Torino , Italy.,d Department of Science and Drug Technology , University of Torino , Candiolo, Torino , Italy
| | - Guido Serini
- a Department of Oncology , University of Torino School of Medicine , Candiolo, Torino , Italy.,b Laboratory of Cell Adhesion Dynamics, Candiolo Cancer Institute - Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO) Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) , Candiolo, Torino , Italy
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Chrzanowska-Wodnicka M, White GC, Quilliam LA, Whitehead KJ. Small GTPase Rap1 Is Essential for Mouse Development and Formation of Functional Vasculature. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145689. [PMID: 26714318 PMCID: PMC4694701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Small GTPase Rap1 has been implicated in a number of basic cellular functions, including cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion, proliferation and regulation of polarity. Evolutionarily conserved, Rap1 has been studied in model organisms: yeast, Drosophila and mice. Mouse in vivo studies implicate Rap1 in the control of multiple stem cell, leukocyte and vascular cell functions. In vitro, several Rap1 effectors and regulatory mechanisms have been proposed. In particular, Rap1 has been implicated in maintaining epithelial and endothelial cell junction integrity and linked with cerebral cavernous malformations. Rationale How Rap1 signaling network controls mammalian development is not clear. As a first step in addressing this question, we present phenotypes of murine total and vascular-specific Rap1a, Rap1b and double Rap1a and Rap1b (Rap1) knockout (KO) mice. Results and Conclusions The majority of total Rap1 KO mice die before E10.5, consistent with the critical role of Rap1 in epithelial morphogenesis. At that time point, about 50% of Tie2-double Rap1 KOs appear grossly normal and develop normal vasculature, while the remaining 50% suffer tissue degeneration and show vascular abnormalities, including hemorrhages and engorgement of perineural vessels, albeit with normal branchial arches. However, no Tie2-double Rap1 KO embryos are present at E15.5, with hemorrhages a likely cause of death. Therefore, at least one Rap1 allele is required for development prior to the formation of the vascular system; and in endothelium–for the life-supporting function of the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gilbert C. White
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, United States of America
| | - Lawrence A. Quilliam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States of America
| | - Kevin J. Whitehead
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Pediatric Cardiology, Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, United States of America
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Maddala R, Nagendran T, Lang RA, Morozov A, Rao PV. Rap1 GTPase is required for mouse lens epithelial maintenance and morphogenesis. Dev Biol 2015. [PMID: 26212757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Rap1, a Ras-like small GTPase, plays a crucial role in cell-matrix adhesive interactions, cell-cell junction formation, cell polarity and migration. The role of Rap1 in vertebrate organ development and tissue architecture, however, remains elusive. We addressed this question in a mouse lens model system using a conditional gene targeting approach. While individual germline deficiency of either Rap1a or Rap1b did not cause overt defects in mouse lens, conditional double deficiency (Rap1 cKO) prior to lens placode formation led to an ocular phenotype including microphthalmia and lens opacification in embryonic mice. The embryonic Rap1 cKO mouse lens exhibited striking defects including loss of E-cadherin- and ZO-1-based cell-cell junctions, disruption of paxillin and β1-integrin-based cell adhesive interactions along with abnormalities in cell shape and apical-basal polarity of epithelium. These epithelial changes were accompanied by increased levels of α-smooth muscle actin, vimentin and N-cadherin, and expression of transcriptional suppressors of E-cadherin (Snai1, Slug and Zeb2), and a mesenchymal metabolic protein (Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase). Additionally, while lens differentiation was not overtly affected, increased apoptosis and dysregulated cell cycle progression were noted in epithelium and fibers in Rap1 cKO mice. Collectively these observations uncover a requirement for Rap1 in maintenance of lens epithelial phenotype and morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupalatha Maddala
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Tharkika Nagendran
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Richard A Lang
- The Visual System Group, Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Developmental Biology, Children's Hospital Research Foundation, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Alexei Morozov
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Ponugoti V Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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McKean JS, Murray F, Gibson G, Shewan DA, Tucker SJ, Nixon GF. The cAMP-producing agonist beraprost inhibits human vascular smooth muscle cell migration via exchange protein directly activated by cAMP. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 107:546-55. [PMID: 26092100 PMCID: PMC4540143 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims During restenosis, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) migrate from the vascular media to the developing neointima. Preventing VSMC migration is therefore a therapeutic target for restenosis. Drugs, such as prostacyclin analogues, that increase the intracellular concentration of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) can inhibit VSMC migration, but the mechanisms via which this occurs are unknown. Two main downstream mediators of cAMP are protein kinase A (PKA) and exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac). This study has examined the effects of the prostacyclin analogue beraprost on VSMC migration and investigated the intracellular pathways involved. Methods and results In a chemotaxis chamber, human saphenous vein VSMC migrated towards a platelet-derived growth-factor-BB (PDGF) chemogradient. Incubation with therapeutically relevant concentrations of cAMP-producing agonist beraprost significantly decreased PDGF-induced migration. Direct activation of either PKA or Epac inhibited migration whereas inhibition of PKA did not prevent the anti-migratory effect of beraprost. Direct activation of Epac also prevented hyperplasia in ex vivo serum-treated human veins. Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer, we demonstrated that beraprost activated Epac but not PKA. The mechanisms of this Epac-mediated effect involved activation of Rap1 with subsequent inhibition of RhoA. Cytoskeletal rearrangement at the leading edge of the cell was consequently inhibited. Interestingly, Epac1 was localized to the leading edge of migrating VSMC. Conclusions These results indicate that therapeutically relevant concentrations of beraprost can inhibit VSMC migration via a previously unknown mechanism involving the cAMP mediator Epac. This may provide a novel target that could blunt neointimal formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny S McKean
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Fiona Murray
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - George Gibson
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Derryck A Shewan
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Steven J Tucker
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Graeme F Nixon
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
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32
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Abstract
The small G-protein Rap1 plays an important role in the regulation of endothelial barrier function, a process controlled largely by cell–cell adhesions and their connection to the actin cytoskeleton. During the various stages of barrier dynamics, different guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) control Rap1 activity, indicating that Rap1 integrates multiple input signals. Once activated, Rap1 induces numerous signaling cascades, together responsible for the increased endothelial barrier function. Most notably, Rap1 activation results in the inhibition of Rho to decrease radial stress fibers and the activation of Cdc42 to increase junctional actin. This implies that Rap regulates endothelial barrier function by dual control of cytoskeletal tension. The molecular details of the signaling pathways are becoming to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem-Jan Pannekoek
- Molecular Cancer Research and Cancer Genomics Netherlands; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke Post
- Molecular Cancer Research and Cancer Genomics Netherlands; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes L Bos
- Molecular Cancer Research and Cancer Genomics Netherlands; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Wilson CW, Ye W. Regulation of vascular endothelial junction stability and remodeling through Rap1-Rasip1 signaling. Cell Adh Migr 2015; 8:76-83. [PMID: 24622510 DOI: 10.4161/cam.28115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of blood vessels to sense and respond to stimuli such as fluid flow, shear stress, and trafficking of immune cells is critical to the proper function of the vascular system. Endothelial cells constantly remodel their cell-cell junctions and the underlying cytoskeletal network in response to these exogenous signals. This remodeling, which depends on regulation of the linkage between actin and integral junction proteins, is controlled by a complex signaling network consisting of small G proteins and their various downstream effectors. In this commentary, we summarize recent developments in understanding the small G protein RAP1 and its effector RASIP1 as critical mediators of endothelial junction stabilization, and the relationship between RAP1 effectors and modulation of different subsets of endothelial junctions. The vasculature is a dynamic organ that is constantly exposed to a variety of signaling stimuli and mechanical stresses. In embryogenesis, nascent blood vessels form via a process termed vasculogenesis, wherein mesodermally derived endothelial precursor cells aggregate into cords, which subsequently form a lumen that permits trafficking of plasma and erythrocytes. (1)(,) (2) Angiogenesis occurs after establishment of this primitive vascular network, where new vessels sprout from existing vessels, migrate into newly expanded tissues, and anastomose to form a functional and complex circulatory network. (1)(,) (2) In the mouse, this process occurs through the second half of embryogenesis and into postnatal development in some tissues, such as the developing retinal vasculature. (3) Further, angiogenesis occurs in a variety of pathological conditions, such as diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, wound healing, and tumor growth. (1)(,) (2)(,) (4) Both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis are driven through signaling by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and therapeutic agents targeting this pathway have shown efficacy in a number of diseases. (5)(-) (9) Blood vessels must have a sufficient degree of integrity so as to not allow indiscriminate leak of plasma proteins and blood cells into the underlying tissue. However, vessels must be able to sense their environment, respond to local conditions, and mediate the regulated passage of protein, fluid, and cells. For example, endothelial cells are the primary point of attachment for immune cells leaving the blood stream and entering tissue, and leukocytes subsequently migrate either through the endothelial cell body itself (the transcellular route), or through transient disassembly of cell-cell junctions (the paracellular route). (10) Precise regulation of endothelial junctions is critical to the proper maintenance of vascular integrity and related processes, and disruption of vascular cell-cell contacts is an underlying cause or contributor to numerous pathologies such as cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). (11)(-) (13) Understanding the basic mechanisms of endothelial junction formation and maintenance will therefore lead to a greater chance of success of therapeutic intervention in these pathologic conditions, especially in instances where targeting of VEGF signaling is insufficient to resolve vascular abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Weilan Ye
- Genentech, Inc.; Molecular Oncology Department; South San Francisco, CA USA
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Lakshmikanthan S, Zheng X, Nishijima Y, Sobczak M, Szabo A, Vasquez-Vivar J, Zhang DX, Chrzanowska-Wodnicka M. Rap1 promotes endothelial mechanosensing complex formation, NO release and normal endothelial function. EMBO Rep 2015; 16:628-37. [PMID: 25807985 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201439846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability underlies a number of cardiovascular pathologies, including hypertension. The shear stress exerted by flowing blood is the main determinant of NO release. Rap1 promotes integrin- and cadherin-mediated signaling. Here, we show that Rap1 is a critical regulator of NO production and endothelial function. Rap1 deficiency in murine endothelium attenuates NO production and diminishes NO-dependent vasodilation, leading to endothelial dysfunction and hypertension, without deleterious effects on vessel integrity. Mechanistically, Rap1 is activated by shear stress, promotes the formation of the endothelial mechanosensing complex-comprised of PECAM-1, VE-cadherin and VEGFR2- and downstream signaling to NO production. Our study establishes a novel paradigm for Rap1 as a regulator of mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Yoshinori Nishijima
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Magdalena Sobczak
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Aniko Szabo
- Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jeannette Vasquez-Vivar
- Department of Biophysics and Redox Biology Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - David X Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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cAMP signalling in the vasculature: the role of Epac (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP). Biochem Soc Trans 2014; 42:89-97. [PMID: 24450633 DOI: 10.1042/bst20130253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The second messenger cAMP plays a central role in mediating vascular smooth muscle relaxation in response to vasoactive transmitters and in strengthening endothelial cell-cell junctions that regulate the movement of solutes, cells and macromolecules between the blood and the surrounding tissue. The vasculature expresses three cAMP effector proteins: PKA (protein kinase A), CNG (cyclic-nucleotide-gated) ion channels, and the most recently discovered Epacs (exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP). Epacs are a family of GEFs (guanine-nucleotide-exchange factors) for the small Ras-related GTPases Rap1 and Rap2, and are being increasingly implicated as important mediators of cAMP signalling, both in their own right and in parallel with the prototypical cAMP target PKA. In the present paper, we review what is currently known about the role of Epac within blood vessels, particularly with regard to the regulation of vascular tone, endothelial barrier function and inflammation.
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36
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Lakshmikanthan S, Zieba BJ, Ge ZD, Momotani K, Zheng X, Lund H, Artamonov MV, Maas JE, Szabo A, Zhang DX, Auchampach JA, Mattson DL, Somlyo AV, Chrzanowska-Wodnicka M. Rap1b in smooth muscle and endothelium is required for maintenance of vascular tone and normal blood pressure. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:1486-94. [PMID: 24790136 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Small GTPase Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1b) controls several basic cellular phenomena, and its deletion in mice leads to several cardiovascular defects, including impaired adhesion of blood cells and defective angiogenesis. We found that Rap1b(-/-) mice develop cardiac hypertrophy and hypertension. Therefore, we examined the function of Rap1b in regulation of blood pressure. APPROACH AND RESULTS Rap1b(-/-) mice developed cardiac hypertrophy and elevated blood pressure, but maintained a normal heart rate. Correcting elevated blood pressure with losartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist, alleviated cardiac hypertrophy in Rap1b(-/-) mice, suggesting a possibility that cardiac hypertrophy develops secondary to hypertension. The indices of renal function and plasma renin activity were normal in Rap1b(-/-) mice. Ex vivo, we examined whether the effect of Rap1b deletion on smooth muscle-mediated vessel contraction and endothelium-dependent vessel dilation, 2 major mechanisms controlling basal vascular tone, was the basis for the hypertension. We found increased contractility on stimulation with a thromboxane analog or angiotensin II or phenylephrine along with increased inhibitory phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase under basal conditions consistent with elevated basal tone and the observed hypertension. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent relaxation in response to Rap1 activator, Epac, was decreased in vessels from Rap1b(-/-) mice. Defective endothelial release of dilatory nitric oxide in response to elevated blood flow leads to hypertension. We found that nitric oxide-dependent vasodilation was significantly inhibited in Rap1b-deficient vessels. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report to indicate that Rap1b in both smooth muscle and endothelium plays a key role in maintaining blood pressure by controlling normal vascular tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sribalaji Lakshmikanthan
- From the Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.L., M.C.W.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.J.Z., K.M., M.V.A., A.V.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Z.-D.G., J.A.A.), Cardiovascular Center (Z.-D.G., X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z., J.A.A.), Department of Medicine (X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z.), Department of Physiology (H.L., D.L.M.), and Division of Biostatistics (A.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Bartosz J Zieba
- From the Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.L., M.C.W.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.J.Z., K.M., M.V.A., A.V.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Z.-D.G., J.A.A.), Cardiovascular Center (Z.-D.G., X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z., J.A.A.), Department of Medicine (X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z.), Department of Physiology (H.L., D.L.M.), and Division of Biostatistics (A.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Zhi-Dong Ge
- From the Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.L., M.C.W.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.J.Z., K.M., M.V.A., A.V.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Z.-D.G., J.A.A.), Cardiovascular Center (Z.-D.G., X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z., J.A.A.), Department of Medicine (X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z.), Department of Physiology (H.L., D.L.M.), and Division of Biostatistics (A.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Ko Momotani
- From the Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.L., M.C.W.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.J.Z., K.M., M.V.A., A.V.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Z.-D.G., J.A.A.), Cardiovascular Center (Z.-D.G., X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z., J.A.A.), Department of Medicine (X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z.), Department of Physiology (H.L., D.L.M.), and Division of Biostatistics (A.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- From the Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.L., M.C.W.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.J.Z., K.M., M.V.A., A.V.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Z.-D.G., J.A.A.), Cardiovascular Center (Z.-D.G., X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z., J.A.A.), Department of Medicine (X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z.), Department of Physiology (H.L., D.L.M.), and Division of Biostatistics (A.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Hayley Lund
- From the Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.L., M.C.W.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.J.Z., K.M., M.V.A., A.V.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Z.-D.G., J.A.A.), Cardiovascular Center (Z.-D.G., X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z., J.A.A.), Department of Medicine (X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z.), Department of Physiology (H.L., D.L.M.), and Division of Biostatistics (A.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Mykhaylo V Artamonov
- From the Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.L., M.C.W.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.J.Z., K.M., M.V.A., A.V.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Z.-D.G., J.A.A.), Cardiovascular Center (Z.-D.G., X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z., J.A.A.), Department of Medicine (X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z.), Department of Physiology (H.L., D.L.M.), and Division of Biostatistics (A.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Jason E Maas
- From the Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.L., M.C.W.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.J.Z., K.M., M.V.A., A.V.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Z.-D.G., J.A.A.), Cardiovascular Center (Z.-D.G., X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z., J.A.A.), Department of Medicine (X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z.), Department of Physiology (H.L., D.L.M.), and Division of Biostatistics (A.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Aniko Szabo
- From the Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.L., M.C.W.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.J.Z., K.M., M.V.A., A.V.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Z.-D.G., J.A.A.), Cardiovascular Center (Z.-D.G., X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z., J.A.A.), Department of Medicine (X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z.), Department of Physiology (H.L., D.L.M.), and Division of Biostatistics (A.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - David X Zhang
- From the Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.L., M.C.W.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.J.Z., K.M., M.V.A., A.V.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Z.-D.G., J.A.A.), Cardiovascular Center (Z.-D.G., X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z., J.A.A.), Department of Medicine (X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z.), Department of Physiology (H.L., D.L.M.), and Division of Biostatistics (A.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - John A Auchampach
- From the Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.L., M.C.W.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.J.Z., K.M., M.V.A., A.V.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Z.-D.G., J.A.A.), Cardiovascular Center (Z.-D.G., X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z., J.A.A.), Department of Medicine (X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z.), Department of Physiology (H.L., D.L.M.), and Division of Biostatistics (A.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - David L Mattson
- From the Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.L., M.C.W.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.J.Z., K.M., M.V.A., A.V.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Z.-D.G., J.A.A.), Cardiovascular Center (Z.-D.G., X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z., J.A.A.), Department of Medicine (X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z.), Department of Physiology (H.L., D.L.M.), and Division of Biostatistics (A.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Avril V Somlyo
- From the Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.L., M.C.W.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.J.Z., K.M., M.V.A., A.V.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Z.-D.G., J.A.A.), Cardiovascular Center (Z.-D.G., X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z., J.A.A.), Department of Medicine (X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z.), Department of Physiology (H.L., D.L.M.), and Division of Biostatistics (A.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Magdalena Chrzanowska-Wodnicka
- From the Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.L., M.C.W.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.J.Z., K.M., M.V.A., A.V.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Z.-D.G., J.A.A.), Cardiovascular Center (Z.-D.G., X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z., J.A.A.), Department of Medicine (X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z.), Department of Physiology (H.L., D.L.M.), and Division of Biostatistics (A.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.
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The dynamic of the apical ectoplasmic specialization between spermatids and Sertoli cells: the case of the small GTPase Rap1. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:635979. [PMID: 24719879 PMCID: PMC3955676 DOI: 10.1155/2014/635979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in assisted reproductive technologies, infertility remains a consistent health problem worldwide. Spermiation is the process through which mature spermatids detach from the supporting Sertoli cells and are released into the tubule lumen. Spermiation failure leads to lack of mature spermatozoa and, if not occasional, could result into azoospermia, major cause of male infertility in human population. Spermatids are led through their differentiation into spermatozoa by the apical ectoplasmic specialization (aES), a testis-specific, actin-based anchoring junction restricted to the Sertoli-spermatid interface. The aES helps spermatid movement across the seminiferous epithelium, promotes spermatid positioning, and prevents the release of immature spermatozoa. To accomplish its functions, aES needs to undergo tightly and timely regulated restructuring. Even if components of aES are partly known, the mechanism/s through which aES is regulated remains still elusive. In this review, we propose a model by which the small GTPase Rap1 could regulate aES assembly/remodelling. The characterization of key players in the dynamic of aES, such as Rap1, could open new possibility to develop prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches for male patients under treatment for infertility as well as it could lead to the identification of new target for male contraception.
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Wang H, Jiang Y, Shi D, Quilliam LA, Chrzanowska-Wodnicka M, Wittchen ES, Li DY, Hartnett ME. Activation of Rap1 inhibits NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS generation in retinal pigment epithelium and reduces choroidal neovascularization. FASEB J 2013; 28:265-74. [PMID: 24043260 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-240028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Activation of Rap1 GTPase can improve the integrity of the barrier of the retina pigment epithelium (RPE) and reduce choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Inhibition of NADPH oxidase activation also reduces CNV. We hypothesize that Rap1 inhibits NADPH oxidase-generated ROS and thereby reduces CNV formation. Using a murine model of laser-induced CNV, we determined that reduced Rap1 activity in RPE/choroid occurred with CNV formation and that activation of Rap1 by 2'-O-Me-cAMP (8CPT)-reduced laser-induced CNV via inhibiting NADPH oxidase-generated ROS. In RPE, inhibition of Rap1 by Rap1 GTPase-activating protein (Rap1GAP) increased ROS generation, whereas activation of Rap1 by 8CPT reduced ROS by interfering with the assembly of NADPH oxidase membrane subunit p22phox with NOX4 or cytoplasmic subunit p47phox. Activation of NADPH oxidase with Rap1GAP reduced RPE barrier integrity via cadherin phosphorylation and facilitated choroidal EC migration across the RPE monolayer. Rap1GAP-induced ROS generation was inhibited by active Rap1a, but not Rap1b, and activation of Rap1a by 8CPT in Rap1b(-/-) mice reduced laser-induced CNV, in correlation with decreased ROS generation in RPE/choroid. These findings provide evidence that active Rap1 reduces CNV by interfering with the assembly of NADPH oxidase subunits and increasing the integrity of the RPE barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Wang
- 1John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, 65 N. Mario Capecchi Dr., Salt Lake City, UT 84132.
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