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Ahmadi-Dehlaghi F, Mohammadi P, Valipour E, Pournaghi P, Kiani S, Mansouri K. Autophagy: A challengeable paradox in cancer treatment. Cancer Med 2023. [PMID: 36760166 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autophagy is an intracellular degradation pathway conserved in all eukaryotes from yeast to humans. This process plays a quality-control role by destroying harmful cellular components under normal conditions, maintaining cell survival, and establishing cellular adaptation under stressful conditions. Hence, there are various studies indicating dysfunctional autophagy as a factor involved in the development and progression of various human diseases, including cancer. In addition, the importance of autophagy in the development of cancer has been highlighted by paradoxical roles, as a cytoprotective and cytotoxic mechanism. Despite extensive research in the field of cancer, there are many questions and challenges about the roles and effects suggested for autophagy in cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the paradoxical roles of autophagy in different tumors and related cancer treatment options. METHODS In this study, to find articles, a search was made in PubMed and Google scholar databases with the keywords Autophagy, Autophagy in Cancer Management, and Drug Design. RESULTS According to the investigation, some studies suggest that several advanced cancers are dependent on autophagy for cell survival, so when cancer cells are exposed to therapy, autophagy is induced and suppresses the anti-cancer effects of therapeutic agents and also results in cell resistance. However, enhanced autophagy from using anti-cancer drugs causes autophagy-mediated cell death in several cancers. Because autophagy also plays roles in both tumor suppression and promotion further research is needed to determine the precise mechanism of this process in cancer treatment. CONCLUSION We concluded in this article, autophagy manipulation may either promote or hinder the growth and development of cancer according to the origin of the cancer cells, the type of cancer, and the behavior of the cancer cells exposed to treatment. Thus, before starting treatment it is necessary to determine the basal levels of autophagy in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Ahmadi-Dehlaghi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Mohammadi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Valipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sarah Kiani
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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LncRNA-PAX8-AS1 Silencing Decreases Cell Viability, Enhances Apoptosis, and Suppresses Doxorubicin Resistance in Myeloid Leukemia via the miR-378g/ERBB2 Axis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2295044. [PMID: 36248434 PMCID: PMC9560823 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2295044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objective Considering the role of lncRNAs reported as regulators in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) progression, the current research aims to investigate the role of PAX8-AS1 in chemo-resistant AML. Methods Human AML cells HL60 and human doxorubicin (ADM)-resistant AML cells (HL60/ADM cells) were used to establish in vitro models of chemo-sensitive AML and refractory/recurrent AML, respectively. CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry were used to determine cell resistance to ADM, viability, and apoptosis. PAX8-AS1, miR-378g, and ERBB2 expressions in the models and/or AML patients were quantified via qRT-PCR or Western blot. The miRNA/mRNA axis targeted by PAX8-AS1 was analyzed using Starbase, TargetScan, or GEO and validated through a dual-luciferase reporter assay. The expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, and C Caspase-3 in cells were quantitated by Western blot. Results The highly expressed PAX8-AS1 was observed in AML patients and HL60 cells, which was more evident in refractory/recurrent AML patients and HL60/ADM cells. Compared with that in ADM-treated parental HL60 cells, the viability of ADM-treated HL60/ADM cells remained strong. PAX8-AS1 overexpression increased viability and Bcl-2 expression, while diminishing apoptosis, Bax, and C Caspase-3 expressions in HL60 cells. However, the abovementioned aspects were oppositely impacted by PAX8-AS1 silencing in HL60/ADM cells. PAX8-AS1 directly targeted miR-378g, whose expression pattern is opposite to that of PAX8-AS1 in AML. MiR-378g upregulation abrogated the effects of PAX8-AS1 overexpression on HL60 cells. MiR-378g downregulation offset PAX8-AS1 silencing-induced effects on HL60/ADM cells. Moreover, ERBB2 was recognized as the target of miR-378g, with a higher expression in HL60/ADM cells than in HL60 cells. Conclusion PAX8-AS1 silencing decreases cell viability, enhances apoptosis, and suppresses ADM resistance in AML via regulating the miR-378g/ERBB2 axis.
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Hasan A, Rizvi SF, Parveen S, Pathak N, Nazir A, Mir SS. Crosstalk Between ROS and Autophagy in Tumorigenesis: Understanding the Multifaceted Paradox. Front Oncol 2022; 12:852424. [PMID: 35359388 PMCID: PMC8960719 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.852424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer formation is a highly regulated and complex process, largely dependent on its microenvironment. This complexity highlights the need for developing novel target-based therapies depending on cancer phenotype and genotype. Autophagy, a catabolic process, removes damaged and defective cellular materials through lysosomes. It is activated in response to stress conditions such as nutrient deprivation, hypoxia, and oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is induced by excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are multifaceted molecules that drive several pathophysiological conditions, including cancer. Moreover, autophagy also plays a dual role, initially inhibiting tumor formation but promoting tumor progression during advanced stages. Mounting evidence has suggested an intricate crosstalk between autophagy and ROS where they can either suppress cancer formation or promote disease etiology. This review highlights the regulatory roles of autophagy and ROS from tumor induction to metastasis. We also discuss the therapeutic strategies that have been devised so far to combat cancer. Based on the review, we finally present some gap areas that could be targeted and may provide a basis for cancer suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adria Hasan
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Integral Information and Research Centre-4 (IIRC-4), Integral University, Lucknow, India.,Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Suroor Fatima Rizvi
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Integral Information and Research Centre-4 (IIRC-4), Integral University, Lucknow, India.,Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Sana Parveen
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Integral Information and Research Centre-4 (IIRC-4), Integral University, Lucknow, India.,Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Neelam Pathak
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. RML Avadh University, Faizabad, India
| | - Aamir Nazir
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Toxicology, Division of Neuroscience and Ageing Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Snober S Mir
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Integral Information and Research Centre-4 (IIRC-4), Integral University, Lucknow, India.,Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
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Krunić M, Ristić B, Bošnjak M, Paunović V, Tovilović-Kovačević G, Zogović N, Mirčić A, Marković Z, Todorović-Marković B, Jovanović S, Kleut D, Mojović M, Nakarada Đ, Marković O, Vuković I, Harhaji-Trajković L, Trajković V. Graphene quantum dot antioxidant and proautophagic actions protect SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells from oxidative stress-mediated apoptotic death. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 177:167-180. [PMID: 34678419 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the ability of graphene quantum dot (GQD) nanoparticles to protect SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells from oxidative/nitrosative stress induced by iron-nitrosyl complex sodium nitroprusside (SNP). GQD reduced SNP cytotoxicity by preventing mitochondrial depolarization, caspase-2 activation, and subsequent apoptotic death. Although GQD diminished the levels of nitric oxide (NO) in SNP-exposed cells, NO scavengers displayed only a slight protective effect, suggesting that NO quenching was not the main protective mechanism of GQD. GQD also reduced SNP-triggered increase in the intracellular levels of hydroxyl radical (•OH), superoxide anion (O2•-), and lipid peroxidation. Nonselective antioxidants, •OH scavenging, and iron chelators, but not superoxide dismutase, mimicked GQD cytoprotective activity, indicating that GQD protect cells by neutralizing •OH generated in the presence of SNP-released iron. Cellular internalization of GQD was required for optimal protection, since a removal of extracellular GQD by extensive washing only partly diminished their protective effect. Moreover, GQD cooperated with SNP to induce autophagy, as confirmed by the inhibition of autophagy-limiting Akt/PRAS40/mTOR signaling and increase in autophagy gene transcription, protein levels of proautophagic beclin-1 and LC3-II, formation of autophagic vesicles, and degradation of autophagic target p62. The antioxidant activity of GQD was not involved in autophagy induction, as antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and dimethyl sulfoxide failed to stimulate autophagy in SNP-exposed cells. Pharmacological inhibitors of early (wortmannin, 3-methyladenine) or late stages of autophagy (NH4Cl) efficiently reduced the protective effect of GQD. Therefore, the ability of GQD to prevent the in vitro neurotoxicity of SNP depends on both •OH/NO scavenging and induction of cytoprotective autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matija Krunić
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Ristić
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mihajlo Bošnjak
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Verica Paunović
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Tovilović-Kovačević
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research, "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Zogović
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Mirčić
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Višegradska 26, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Marković
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade P.O. Box 522, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Todorović-Marković
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade P.O. Box 522, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Jovanović
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade P.O. Box 522, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Duška Kleut
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade P.O. Box 522, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Mojović
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Đura Nakarada
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera Marković
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Irena Vuković
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljubica Harhaji-Trajković
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Vladimir Trajković
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
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MiR-15a-5p Confers Chemoresistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia by Inhibiting Autophagy Induced by Daunorubicin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105153. [PMID: 34068078 PMCID: PMC8152749 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthracyclines remain a cornerstone of induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Refractory or relapsed disease due to chemotherapy resistance is a major obstacle in AML management. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been observed to be involved in chemoresistance. We previously observed that miR-15a-5p was overexpressed in a subgroup of chemoresistant cytogenetically normal AML patients compared with chemosensitive patients treated with daunorubicin and cytarabine. MiR-15a-5p overexpression in AML cells reduced apoptosis induced by both drugs in vitro. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms by which miR-15a-5p contributes to daunorubicin resistance. We showed that daunorubicin induced autophagy in myeloid cell lines. The inhibition of autophagy reduced cell sensitivity to daunorubicin. The overexpression of miR-15a-5p decreased daunorubicin-induced autophagy. Conversely, the downregulation of miR-15a-5p increased daunorubicin-induced autophagy. We found that miR-15a-5p targeted four genes involved in autophagy, namely ATG9a, ATG14, GABARAPL1 and SMPD1. Daunorubicin increased the expression of these four genes, and miR-15a-5p counteracted this regulation. Inhibition experiments with the four target genes showed the functional effect of miR-15a-5p on autophagy. In summary, our results indicated that miR-15a-5p induces chemoresistance in AML cells through the abrogation of daunorubicin-induced autophagy, suggesting that miR-15a-5p could be a promising therapeutic target for chemoresistant AML patients.
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Siavoshinia L, Jamalan M, Zeinali M, Pourshohod A, Koushki M, Moradipoodeh B, Mohammadzadeh G. Improvement of Targeted Chemotherapy of HER2-positive Ovarian Malignant Cell Line by Z HER2-Idarubicin Conjugate: An in vitro Study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 16:109-118. [PMID: 33936221 PMCID: PMC8085286 DOI: 10.30699/ijp.2020.120392.2310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Background & Objective: Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) causes cell transformation and development of various types of malignancies. Idarubicin is an effective anti-neoplastic drug but its specific delivery to the targeted cells is still a great challenge. Affibody as a cost-effective peptide molecule with low molecular weight has a high affinity for HER2 receptors. Breast and ovarian cancers as wide speared types of malignancies are associated with high expression of HER2. In the current study, we assessed the cytotoxic effects of idarubicin-ZHER2 affibody conjugate on the positive-HER2 cancer cell lines. Methods: The cytotoxic effects of constructed idarubicin-ZHER2 affibody conjugate on the SK-BR-3, SK-OV-3, and MCF-7 cells with various levels of HER2 expression were evaluated by MTT assay following 48 hours of incubation. Results: Idarubicin showed a potent and dose-dependent cytotoxic effect against all treated cell lines while the SK-OV-3 cells were significantly more sensitive. The dimeric form of the ZHER2 affibody molecule showed a mild effect on the cell viability of all treated cells at its optimum concentration. The constructed Idarubicin-ZHER2 affibody conjugate decreased the viability of SK-OV-3 cells at its optimal concentration, more efficiently and specifically than other treated cells. Conclusion: The ZHER2-affibody conjugate of idarubicin has a more specific cytotoxic effect compared with idarubicin alone against HER2-overexpressing ovarian cancerous cells. It appears the ZHER2-affibody conjugate of idarubicin has great potential to be implicated as an innovative anti-cancer agent in future clinical trials in patients with HER2-overexpressing ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Siavoshinia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Jamalan
- Department of Biochemistry, Abadan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Majid Zeinali
- Biotechnology Research Center, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Tehran, Iran
| | - Aminollah Pourshohod
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahdie Koushki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Bahman Moradipoodeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ghorban Mohammadzadeh
- Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Renin angiotensin system genes are biomarkers for personalized treatment of acute myeloid leukemia with Doxorubicin as well as etoposide. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242497. [PMID: 33237942 PMCID: PMC7688131 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of various treatment protocols, response to therapy in patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) remains largely unpredictable. Transcriptomic profiling studies have thus far revealed the presence of molecular subtypes of AML that are not accounted for by standard clinical parameters or by routinely used biomarkers. Such molecular subtypes of AML are predicted to vary in response to chemotherapy or targeted therapy. The Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) is an important group of proteins that play a critical role in regulating blood pressure, vascular resistance and fluid/electrolyte balance. RAS pathway genes are also known to be present locally in tissues such as the bone marrow, where they play an important role in leukemic hematopoiesis. In this study, we asked if the RAS genes could be utilized to predict drug responses in patients with AML. We show that the combined in silico analysis of up to five RAS genes can reliably predict sensitivity to Doxorubicin as well as Etoposide in AML. The same genes could also predict sensitivity to Doxorubicin when tested in vitro. Additionally, gene set enrichment analysis revealed enrichment of TNF-alpha and type-I IFN response genes among sensitive, and TGF-beta and fibronectin related genes in resistant cancer cells. However, this does not seem to reflect an epithelial to mesenchymal transition per se. We also identified that RAS genes can stratify patients with AML into subtypes with distinct prognosis. Together, our results demonstrate that genes present in RAS are biomarkers for drug sensitivity and the prognostication of AML.
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Takam Kamga P, Dal Collo G, Cassaro A, Bazzoni R, Delfino P, Adamo A, Bonato A, Carbone C, Tanasi I, Bonifacio M, Krampera M. Small Molecule Inhibitors of Microenvironmental Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Enhance the Chemosensitivity of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092696. [PMID: 32967262 PMCID: PMC7565567 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been reported in Acute Myeloid leukemia, but little is known about its significance as a prognostic biomarker and drug target. In this study, we first evaluated the correlation between expression levels of Wnt molecules and clinical outcome. Then, we studied-in vitro and in vivo-the anti-leukemic value of combinatorial treatment between Wnt inhibitors and classic anti-leukemia drugs. Higher levels of β-catenin, Ser675-phospho-β-catenin and GSK-3α (total and Ser 9) were found in AML cells from intermediate or poor risk patients; nevertheless, patients presenting high activity of Wnt/β-catenin displayed shorter progression-free survival (PFS) according to univariate analysis. In vitro, many pharmacological inhibitors of Wnt signalling, i.e., LRP6 (Niclosamide), GSK-3 (LiCl, AR-A014418), and TCF/LEF (PNU-74654) but not Porcupine (IWP-2), significantly reduced proliferation and improved the drug sensitivity of AML cells cultured alone or in the presence of bone marrow stromal cells. In vivo, PNU-74654, Niclosamide and LiCl administration significantly reduced the bone marrow leukemic burden acting synergistically with Ara-C, thus improving mouse survival. Overall, our study demonstrates the antileukemic role of Wnt/β-catenin inhibition that may represent a potential new therapeutics strategy in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Takam Kamga
- Section of Hematology, Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (P.T.K.); (G.D.C.); (R.B.); (A.A.); (A.B.); (I.T.); (M.B.)
- EA4340-BCOH, Biomarker in Cancerology and Onco-Haematology, Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-En-Yvelines, Université Paris Saclay, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Giada Dal Collo
- Section of Hematology, Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (P.T.K.); (G.D.C.); (R.B.); (A.A.); (A.B.); (I.T.); (M.B.)
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Doctor Molenwaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriana Cassaro
- Department of Oncology, Hematology Unit, Niguarda Hospital, 20162 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20146 Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Bazzoni
- Section of Hematology, Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (P.T.K.); (G.D.C.); (R.B.); (A.A.); (A.B.); (I.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Pietro Delfino
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Annalisa Adamo
- Section of Hematology, Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (P.T.K.); (G.D.C.); (R.B.); (A.A.); (A.B.); (I.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Alice Bonato
- Section of Hematology, Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (P.T.K.); (G.D.C.); (R.B.); (A.A.); (A.B.); (I.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Carmine Carbone
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Tanasi
- Section of Hematology, Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (P.T.K.); (G.D.C.); (R.B.); (A.A.); (A.B.); (I.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Massimiliano Bonifacio
- Section of Hematology, Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (P.T.K.); (G.D.C.); (R.B.); (A.A.); (A.B.); (I.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Mauro Krampera
- Section of Hematology, Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (P.T.K.); (G.D.C.); (R.B.); (A.A.); (A.B.); (I.T.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-045-812-4420; Fax: +45-045-802-7488
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Ghanemi M, Pourshohod A, Ghaffari MA, Kheirollah A, Amin M, Zeinali M, Jamalan M. Specific Targeting of HER2-Positive Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Line HN5 by Idarubicin-ZHER2 Affibody Conjugate. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 19:65-73. [PMID: 28460618 DOI: 10.2174/1568009617666170427105417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell line HN5 can be employed with great opportunities of success for specific targeting of anti-cancer chemotherapeutic agents. OBJECTIVE In the current study, HER2-specific affibody molecule, ZHER2:342 (an engineered protein with great affinity for HER2 receptors) was selected for conjugation to idarubicin (an anti-neoplastic antibiotic). METHOD ZHER2:342 affibody gene with one added cysteine code at the its 5' end was synthesized de novo and then inserted into pET302 plasmid and transferred to E. Coli BL21 hosting system. After induction of protein expression, the recombinant ZHER2 affibody molecules were purified using Ni- NTA resin and purity was analyzed through SDS-PAGE. Affinity-purified affibody molecules were conjugated to idarubicin through a heterobifunctional crosslinker, sulfosuccinimidyl 4-(Nmaleimidomethyl) cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (Sulfo-SMCC). Specific toxicity of idarubicin-ZHER2 affibody conjugate against two HER2-positive cells, HN5 and MCF-7 was assessed through MTT assay after an exposure time of 48 hours with different concentrations of conjugate. RESULTS Idarubicin in the non-conjugated form showed potent toxic effects against both cell lines, while HN5 cells were significantly more sensitive compared to MCF-7 cells. Dimeric ZHER2 affibody showed a mild decreasing effect on growth of both HN5 and MCF-7 cells at optimum concentration. Idarubicin-ZHER2 affibody conjugate at an optimum concentration reduced viability of HN5 cell line more efficiently compared to MCF-7 cell line. CONCLUSION In conclusion, idarubicin-ZHER2 affibody conjugate in optimum concentrations can be used for specific targeting and killing of HN5 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Ghanemi
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Medical School, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Aminollah Pourshohod
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Medical School, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Ghaffari
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Medical School, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Kheirollah
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Medical School, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mansour Amin
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Majid Zeinali
- Biotechnology Research Center, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Tehran, Iran
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Taşkın A, Tarakçıoğlu M, Ulusal H, Örkmez M, Taysı S. Idarubicin-bromelain combination sensitizes cancer cells to conventional chemotherapy. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 22:1172-1178. [PMID: 31998459 PMCID: PMC6885387 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.37884.9003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The primary cytotoxic effects of anticancer drugs like idarubicin, a chemotherapeutic agent, are not limited to neoplastic cells; they also produce similar effects in normal cells. In this study, we hypothesized that the combination of idarubicin-bromelain could make cancer cells more susceptible to cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Materials and Methods To test our hypothesis, the optimal concentrations of idarubicin and bromelain were combined and incubated in the HL-60 cancer cell line and normal human mononuclear leukocytes (PBMC) for 24, 48, and 72 hr. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were evaluated by measurement of ATP cell viability test, DNA damage, Caspase-3, Acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB), and DAPI fluorescent dyes in both cell types. Results The combination of idarubicin-bromelain significantly reduced cell proliferation in the more potent HL-60 compared to PBMC in all incubation times (P<0.05). DNA damage and Caspase-3 levels (except for 24 hr) were also higher in the HL-60 cell line in comparison with PBMC and were statistically significant (P<0.05). The percentages of apoptotic images obtained by DAPI and AO / EB morphological examination were increased in both cells, depending on the combination dose. Conclusion Based on these results, it can be concluded that idarubicin combined with bromelain produces more cytotoxic effects in low concentrations in comparison with when it was used per se in the HL-60 cells. Conversely, it was found that this combination in PBMC caused less cytotoxicity and less genotoxicity. Taken together, it can be said that this new combination makes cancer cells more sensitive to conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Taşkın
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Health Science, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tarakçıoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Hasan Ulusal
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Örkmez
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Seyithan Taysı
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Liu J, Zhu Z, Liu Y, Wei L, Li B, Mao F, Zhang J, Wang Y, Liu Y. MDM2 inhibition-mediated autophagy contributes to the pro-apoptotic effect of berberine in p53-null leukemic cells. Life Sci 2019; 242:117228. [PMID: 31881227 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Berberine (BBR) is reported to induce apoptosis and inhibit migration of leukemic cells, but the underlying pharmacological mechanisms have not been fully revealed. This study aims to investigate the possible mechanisms from the perspective of autophagy. MAIN METHODS P-53-null leukemic cell lines Jurkat and U937 were used for the in vitro study. MDC staining was used for observation of autophagy in leukemic cells, and Western blot analysis was for determination of the expression levels of autophagy-associated proteins. Apoptosis of the leukemic cells was detected by flow cytometry. Cellular location of MDM2 was observed with immunofluorescence staining. Ubiquitination of MDM2 was assessed by immunoprecipitation. Male 6-8-week-old NOD/SCID mice were used for evaluating the effect of BBR on chemotherapy sensitivity in vivo. KEY FINDINGS BBR induced autophagy in p53-null leukemic cells, which was inhibited by autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine. 3-methyladenine also inhibited BBR-induced apoptosis in leukemic cells. In addition, BBR not only decreased MDM2 mRNA expression, but also enhanced MDM2 self-ubiquitination in leukemic cells. Forced overexpression of MDM2 reversed the effect of BBR on autophagy and apoptosis. Furthermore, BBR promoted doxorubicin-induced autophagy and cell death in the leukemic cells and overexpression of MDM2 suppressed these effects. In vivo, BBR combined with doxorubicin achieved better therapeutic effect than doxorubicin alone. SIGNIFICANCE MDM2 inhibits autophagy and apoptosis in leukemic cells in a p53-independent manner. BBR induces autophagy in p53-null leukemic cells through downregulating MDM2 expression at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, which may contribute to the anti-cancer effect of BBR in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenjing Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueyao Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Bai Li
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxia Mao
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingchao Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
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Adenine Inhibits the Growth of Colon Cancer Cells via AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Mediated Autophagy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:9151070. [PMID: 31611925 PMCID: PMC6757274 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9151070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Adenine is involved in a variety of cell biological processes and has been explored for pharmacological uses. Its therapeutic use for managing cancer is of great interest. In the present study, we investigated the anticancer effects of adenine and the underlying mechanism in colon cancer cells. Methods Cell viability was measured using the MTT assay. Levels of phosphorylation and protein expression were determined using western blotting. qPCR was carried out to determine the changes in mRNA expression of genes of interest. Results Adenine significantly inhibited the viability of colon cancer cells, HT29 and Caco-2 cells, in a dose-dependent manner. Adenine induced significant apoptosis in HT29 cells, whereas Caco-2 cells exhibited less apoptotic responses. The data showed that adenine activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling contributing to autophagic cell death through mTOR in both colon cancer cell lines. Conclusions Our findings suggest that adenine inhibits the growth of colon cancer cells. Anticancer activity of adenine in colon cancer cells is attributable to the activation of apoptotic signaling and in turn the AMPK/mTOR pathway. Adenine represents a natural compound with anticancer potency.
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Shahrabi S, Paridar M, Zeinvand-Lorestani M, Jalili A, Zibara K, Abdollahi M, Khosravi A. Autophagy regulation and its role in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21746-21757. [PMID: 31161605 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy, the molecular machinery of self-eating, plays a dual role of a tumor promoter and tumor suppressor. This mechanism affects different clinical responses in cancer cells. Autophagy is targeted for treating patients resistant to chemotherapy or radiation. Limited reports investigate the significance of autophagy in cancer therapy, the regulation of hematopoietic and leukemic stem cells and leukemia formation. In the current review, the role of autophagy is discussed in various stages of hematopoiesis including quiescence, self-renewal, and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Shahrabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Paridar
- Deputy of Management and Resources Development, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Arsalan Jalili
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Zibara
- Biology Department, PRASE, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Khosravi
- Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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Geldenhuys WJ, Nair RR, Piktel D, Martin KH, Gibson LF. The MitoNEET Ligand NL-1 Mediates Antileukemic Activity in Drug-Resistant B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 370:25-34. [PMID: 31010844 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.255984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease relapse in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), either due to development of acquired resistance after therapy or because of de novo resistance, remains a therapeutic challenge. In the present study, we have developed a cytarabine (Ara-C)-resistant REH cell line (REH/Ara-C) as a chemoresistance model. REH/Ara-C 1) was not crossresistant to vincristine or methotrexate; 2) showed a similar proliferation rate and cell surface marker expression as parental REH; 3) demonstrated decreased chemotaxis toward bone marrow stromal cells; and 4) expressed higher transcript levels of cytidine deaminase (CDA) and mitoNEET (CISD1) than the parental REH cell line. Based on these findings, we tested NL-1, a mitoNEET inhibitor, which induced a concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability with a comparable IC50 value in REH and REH/Ara-C. Furthermore, NL-1 decreased cell viability in six different ALL cell lines and showed inhibitory activity in a hemosphere assay. NL-1 also impaired the migratory ability of leukemic cells, irrespective of the chemoattractant used, in a chemotaxis assay. More importantly, NL-1 showed specific activity in inducing death in a drug-resistant population of leukemic cells within a coculture model that mimicked the acquired resistance and de novo resistance observed in the bone marrow of relapsed patients. Subsequent studies indicated that NL-1 mediates autophagy, and inhibition of autophagy partially decreased NL-1-induced tumor cell death. Finally, NL-1 showed antileukemic activity in an in vivo mouse ALL model. Taken together, our study demonstrates that mitoNEET has potential as a novel antileukemic drug target in treatment refractory or relapsed ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner J Geldenhuys
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy (W.J.G.), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine (R.R.N., K.H.M., L.F.G.), Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center (W.J.G., R.R.N., D.P., K.H.M., L.F.G.), and WVU Cancer Institute (W.J.G., K.H.M., L.F.G.), West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Rajesh R Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy (W.J.G.), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine (R.R.N., K.H.M., L.F.G.), Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center (W.J.G., R.R.N., D.P., K.H.M., L.F.G.), and WVU Cancer Institute (W.J.G., K.H.M., L.F.G.), West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Debbie Piktel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy (W.J.G.), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine (R.R.N., K.H.M., L.F.G.), Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center (W.J.G., R.R.N., D.P., K.H.M., L.F.G.), and WVU Cancer Institute (W.J.G., K.H.M., L.F.G.), West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Karen H Martin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy (W.J.G.), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine (R.R.N., K.H.M., L.F.G.), Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center (W.J.G., R.R.N., D.P., K.H.M., L.F.G.), and WVU Cancer Institute (W.J.G., K.H.M., L.F.G.), West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Laura F Gibson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy (W.J.G.), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine (R.R.N., K.H.M., L.F.G.), Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center (W.J.G., R.R.N., D.P., K.H.M., L.F.G.), and WVU Cancer Institute (W.J.G., K.H.M., L.F.G.), West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
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15
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Therapeutic Modulation of Autophagy in Leukaemia and Lymphoma. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020103. [PMID: 30704144 PMCID: PMC6406467 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Haematopoiesis is a tightly orchestrated process where a pool of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) with high self-renewal potential can give rise to both lymphoid and myeloid lineages. The HSPCs pool is reduced with ageing resulting in few HSPC clones maintaining haematopoiesis thereby reducing blood cell diversity, a phenomenon called clonal haematopoiesis. Clonal expansion of HSPCs carrying specific genetic mutations leads to increased risk for haematological malignancies. Therefore, it comes as no surprise that hematopoietic tumours develop in higher frequency in elderly people. Unfortunately, elderly patients with leukaemia or lymphoma still have an unsatisfactory prognosis compared to younger ones highlighting the need to develop more efficient therapies for this group of patients. Growing evidence indicates that macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is essential for health and longevity. This review is focusing on the role of autophagy in normal haematopoiesis as well as in leukaemia and lymphoma development. Attenuated autophagy may support early hematopoietic neoplasia whereas activation of autophagy in later stages of tumour development and in response to a variety of therapies rather triggers a pro-tumoral response. Novel insights into the role of autophagy in haematopoiesis will be discussed in light of designing new autophagy modulating therapies in hematopoietic cancers.
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16
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Delou JMA, Biasoli D, Borges HL. The Complex Link between Apoptosis and Autophagy: a Promising New Role for RB. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2018; 88:2257-2275. [PMID: 27991962 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201620160127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological processes, as autophagy, proliferation and apoptosis are affected during carcinogenesis. Restoring cellular sensitivity to apoptotic stimuli, such as the antineoplastic cocktails, has been explored as a strategy to eliminate cancer cells. Autophagy, a physiological process of recycling organelles and macromolecules can be deviated from homeostasis to support cancer cells survival, proliferation, escape from apoptosis, and therapy resistance. The relationship between autophagy and apoptosis is complex and many stimuli can induce both processes. Most chemotherapeutic agents induce autophagy and it is not clear whether and how this chemotherapy-induced autophagy might contribute to resistance to apoptosis. Here, we review current strategies to sensitize cancer cells by interfering with autophagy. Moreover, we discuss a new link between autophagy and apoptosis: the tumor suppressor retinoblastoma protein (RB). Inactivation of RB is one of the earliest and more frequent hallmarks of cancer transformation, known to control cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Therefore, understanding RB functions in controlling cell fate is essential for an effective translation of RB status in cancer samples to the clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- João M A Delou
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Ilha do Fundão, 21949-590 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Deborah Biasoli
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Ilha do Fundão, 21949-590 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Helena L Borges
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Ilha do Fundão, 21949-590 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Wang H, Yu X, Su C, Shi Y, Zhao L. Chitosan nanoparticles triggered the induction of ROS-mediated cytoprotective autophagy in cancer cells. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:293-301. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1423494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, PR China
| | - Xiwei Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, PR China
| | - Chang Su
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, PR China
| | - Yijie Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, PR China
| | - Liang Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, PR China
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18
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You L, Jin S, Zhu L, Qian W. Autophagy, autophagy-associated adaptive immune responses and its role in hematologic malignancies. Oncotarget 2017; 8:12374-12388. [PMID: 27902471 PMCID: PMC5355352 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a tightly regulated catabolic process that leads to the degradation of cytoplasmatic components such as aggregated/misfolded proteins and organelles through the lysosomal machinery. Recent studies suggest that autophagy plays such a role in the context of the anti-tumor immune response, make it an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy. Defective autophagy in hematopoietic stem cells may contribute to the development of hematologic malignancies, including leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, and lymphoproliferative disorder. In blood cancer cells, autophagy can either result in chemoresistance or induce autophagic cell death that may act as immunogenic. Based on the successful experimental findings in vitro and in vivo, clinical trials of autophagy inhibitor such as hydroxychloroquine in combination with chemotherapy in patients with blood cancers are currently underway. However, autophagy inactivation might impair autophagy-triggered anticancer immunity, whereas induction of autophagy might become an effective immunotherapy. These aspects are discussed in this review together with a brief introduction to the autophagic molecular machinery and its roles in hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangshun You
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Shenhe Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Qian
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
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Caspase-3 controls AML1-ETO-driven leukemogenesis via autophagy modulation in a ULK1-dependent manner. Blood 2017; 129:2782-2792. [PMID: 28381396 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-10-745034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AML1-ETO (AE), a fusion oncoprotein generated by t(8;21), can trigger acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in collaboration with mutations including c-Kit, ASXL1/2, FLT3, N-RAS, and K-RAS. Caspase-3, a key executor among its family, plays multiple roles in cellular processes, including hematopoietic development and leukemia progression. Caspase-3 was revealed to directly cleave AE in vitro, suggesting that AE may accumulate in a Caspase-3-compromised background and thereby accelerate leukemogenesis. Therefore, we developed a Caspase-3 knockout genetic mouse model of AML and found that loss of Caspase-3 actually delayed AML1-ETO9a (AE9a)-driven leukemogenesis, indicating that Caspase-3 may play distinct roles in the initiation and/or progression of AML. We report here that loss of Caspase-3 triggers a conserved, adaptive mechanism, namely autophagy (or macroautophagy), which acts to limit AE9a-driven leukemia. Furthermore, we identify ULK1 as a novel substrate of Caspase-3 and show that upregulation of ULK1 drives autophagy initiation in leukemia cells and that inhibition of ULK1 can rescue the phenotype induced by Caspase-3 deletion in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, these data highlight Caspase-3 as an important regulator of autophagy in AML and demonstrate that the balance and selectivity between its substrates can dictate the pace of disease.
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The Effects of Rutin on the Gene Expression of Dazl, Bcl2, and Caspase3 in Idarubicin-induced Testicular Damages in Mice. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.44765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Guo W, Dong A, Pan X, Lin X, Lin Y, He M, Zhu B, Jin L, Yao R. Role of caspase-10 in the death of acute leukemia cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:1623-1629. [PMID: 27446483 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy can protect cells from stress, but can also induce cancer cell death. Caspase-10 is now considered to be a factor that is associated with autophagy in cancer. The present study therefore investigated whether caspase-10 affects autophagy in acute leukemia cells. The rates of survival vs. apoptosis in acute leukemia HL-60 and Jurkat cells treated with drugs were tested using cell viability assays and flow cytometry, and the levels of caspase-3 and -10 were tested by western blotting. In HL-60 cells that were treated with chemotherapy drugs combined with a caspase-10 inhibitor, the rate of survival decreased significantly compared with HL-60 cells treated with chemotherapy drugs alone. In contrast, the rate of survival of Jurkat cells treated with chemotherapy drugs combined with the caspase-10 inhibitor increased significantly compared with Jurkat cells treated with chemotherapy drugs alone. The results of the flow cytometry and western blotting showed that the changes in the survival rate may be caused by a change in the amount of apoptosis occurring in the Jurkat cells treated with chemotherapy drugs combined with the caspase-10 inhibitor. However, in HL-60 cells undergoing this combination treatment, the change in the survival rate was not caused by a change in the rate of apoptosis. When HL-60 cells were treated with the chemotherapy drugs combined with the caspase-10 inhibitor and the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyl adenine, the survival rate increased, whereas the rate of apoptosis did not change. These results show that caspase-10 may be associated with autophagy in acute myeloid leukemia cells, but not in acute lymphatic leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Guo
- Department of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 0577, P.R. China
| | - Aishu Dong
- Department of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 0577, P.R. China
| | - Xiahui Pan
- Department of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 0577, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoji Lin
- Department of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 0577, P.R. China
| | - Ying Lin
- Department of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 0577, P.R. China
| | - Muqing He
- Department of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 0577, P.R. China
| | - Baoling Zhu
- Department of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 0577, P.R. China
| | - Liming Jin
- Department of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 0577, P.R. China
| | - Rongxing Yao
- Department of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 0577, P.R. China
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Triptolide Inhibited Cytotoxicity of Differentiated PC12 Cells Induced by Amyloid-Beta₂₅₋₃₅ via the Autophagy Pathway. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142719. [PMID: 26554937 PMCID: PMC4640509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence shows that an abnormal deposition of amyloid beta-peptide25–35 (Aβ25–35) was the primary cause of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). And the elimination of Aβ25–35 is considered an important target for the treatment of AD. Triptolide (TP), isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f. (TWHF), has been shown to possess a broad spectrum of biological profiles, including neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects. In our study investigating the effect and potential mechanism of triptolide on cytotoxicity of differentiated rat pheochromocytoma cell line (the PC12 cell line is often used as a neuronal developmental model) induced by Amyloid-Beta25–35 (Aβ25–35), we used 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, flow cytometry, Western blot, and acridine orange staining to detect whether triptolide could inhibit Aβ25–35–induced cell apoptosis. We focused on the potential role of the autophagy pathway in Aβ25–35-treated differentiated PC12 cells. Our experiments show that cell viability is significantly decreased, and the apoptosis increased in Aβ25–35-treated differentiated PC12 cells. Meanwhile, Aβ25–35 treatment increased the expression of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 II (LC3 II), which indicates an activation of autophagy. However, triptolide could protect differentiated PC12 cells against Aβ25–35-induced cytotoxicity and attenuate Aβ25–35-induced differentiated PC12 cell apoptosis. Triptolide could also suppress the level of autophagy. In order to assess the effect of autophagy on the protective effects of triptolide in differentiated PC12 cells treated with Aβ25–35, we used 3-Methyladenine (3-MA, an autophagy inhibitor) and rapamycin (an autophagy activator). MTT assay showed that 3-MA elevated cell viability compared with the Aβ25–35-treated group and rapamycin inhibits the protection of triptolide. These results suggest that triptolide will repair the neurological damage in AD caused by deposition of Aβ25–35 via the autophagy pathway, all of which may provide an exciting view of the potential application of triptolide or TWHF as a future research for AD.
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Nitric Oxide Interacts with Caveolin-1 to Facilitate Autophagy-Lysosome-Mediated Claudin-5 Degradation in Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation-Treated Endothelial Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:5935-5947. [PMID: 26515186 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9504-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Using in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model, we have previously demonstrated that 2-h OGD induces rapid, caveolin-1-mediated dissociation of claudin-5 from the cellular cytoskeletal framework and quick endothelial barrier disruption. In this study, we further investigated the fate of translocated claudin-5 and the mechanisms by which OGD promotes caveolin-1 translocation. Exposure of bEND3 cells to 4-h OGD, but not 2-h OGD plus 2-h reoxygenation, resulted in claudin-5 degradation. Inhibition of autophagy or the fusion of autophagosome with lysosome, but not proteasome, blocked OGD-induced claudin-5 degradation. Moreover, knockdown of caveolin-1 with siRNA blocked OGD-induced claudin-5 degradation. Western blot analysis showed a transient colocalization of caveolin-1, claudin-5, and LC3B in autolysosome or lipid raft fractions at 2-h OGD. Of note, inhibiting autophagosome and lysosome fusion sustained the colocalization of caveolin-1, claudin-5, and LC3B throughout the 4-h OGD exposure. EPR spin trapping showed increased nitric oxide (NO) generation in 2-h OGD-treated cells, and inhibiting NO with its scavenger C-PTIO or inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor 1400W prevented OGD-induced caveolin-1 translocation and claudin-5 degradation. Taken together, our data provide a novel mechanism underlying endothelial barrier disruption under prolonged ischemic conditions, in which NO promotes caveolin-1-mediated delivery of claudin-5 to the autophagosome for autophagy-lysosome-dependent degradation.
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Evangelisti C, Evangelisti C, Chiarini F, Lonetti A, Buontempo F, Neri LM, McCubrey JA, Martelli AM. Autophagy in acute leukemias: a double-edged sword with important therapeutic implications. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1853:14-26. [PMID: 25284725 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Macroautophagy, usually referred to as autophagy, is a degradative pathway wherein cytoplasmatic components such as aggregated/misfolded proteins and organelles are engulfed within double-membrane vesicles (autophagosomes) and then delivered to lysosomes for degradation. Autophagy plays an important role in the regulation of numerous physiological functions, including hematopoiesis, through elimination of aggregated/misfolded proteins, and damaged/superfluous organelles. The catabolic products of autophagy (amino acids, fatty acids, nucleotides) are released into the cytosol from autophagolysosomes and recycled into bio-energetic pathways. Therefore, autophagy allows cells to survive starvation and other unfavorable conditions, including hypoxia, heat shock, and microbial pathogens. Nevertheless, depending upon the cell context and functional status, autophagy can also serve as a death mechanism. The cohort of proteins that constitute the autophagy machinery function in a complex, multistep biochemical pathway which has been partially identified over the past decade. Dysregulation of autophagy may contribute to the development of several disorders, including acute leukemias. In this kind of hematologic malignancies, autophagy can either act as a chemo-resistance mechanism or have tumor suppressive functions, depending on the context. Therefore, strategies exploiting autophagy, either for activating or inhibiting it, could find a broad application for innovative treatment of acute leukemias and could significantly contribute to improved clinical outcomes. These aspects are discussed here after a brief introduction to the autophagic molecular machinery and its roles in hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Evangelisti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Camilla Evangelisti
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Chiarini
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Lonetti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Buontempo
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca M Neri
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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