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Faam B, Ghadiri AA, Ghaffari MA, Totonchi M, Amouzegar A, Azizi F, Shahbazian H, Hashemitabar M, Fanaei SA, Khorsandi L. CpG Island Methylation of the Rap1Gap Gene in Medullary Thyroid Cancer. Arch Iran Med 2022; 25:171-177. [PMID: 35429959 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2022.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a rare type of neuroendocrine tumor. This study aimed to investigate the gene and protein expression of RAP1GAP and DNA methylation patterns of its CpG74a , CpG74b , and CpG24 in an Iranian population with MTC. METHODS In this case-control study, we selected 55 individuals who underwent thyroidectomy in Erfan hospital, Tehran, between 2018 and 2020. Samples were divided into normal thyroid tissues (control; n=20), benign nodule (n=20), and MTC (n=15). DNA methylation patterns were investigated using MSP (methylation-specific PCR). The protein level and mRNA expression of RAP1GAP were also evaluated using western blotting and real-time PCR, respectively. RESULTS The hyper-methylation rates of CpG24 and CpG74a in the MTC samples were considerably higher than the controls (83% versus 15% and 74% versus 17%, respectively; P<0.001). The methylation/unmethylation ratio of CpG74a , and CpG24 was considerably higher than the controls (P<0.001). The methylation/unmethylation ratio of CpG24 in the benign nodules was also considerably greater than the controls (P<0.001). The mRNA expression and the protein level of RAP1GAP in the MTC group were considerably lower than the controls (P=0.005 and P=0.035, respectively). In the MTC group, aberrant methylation of CpG74a and CpG24 was significantly correlated with decreasing expression of the Rap1Gap gene (R2 : 0.23; P=0.032 and R2 : 0.56; P=0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION Hyper-methylation in CpG24 and CpG74a and decreasing expression of RAP1GAP can be considered as diagnostic biomarkers for MTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Faam
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ata A Ghadiri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Ghaffari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Totonchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Amouzegar
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hajiehbibi Shahbazian
- Chronic Disease Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hashemitabar
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Layasadat Khorsandi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Faam B, Ghadiri AA, Ghaffari MA, Totonchi M, Khorsandi L. Comparing Oxidative Stress Status Among Iranian Males and Females with Malignant and Non-malignant Thyroid Nodules. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2021; 19:e105669. [PMID: 33815516 PMCID: PMC8010567 DOI: 10.5812/ijem.105669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is commonly accrued in thyroid tissue during hormone synthesis. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine oxidative stress in patients with thyroid cancer, benign thyroid nodules, and healthy individuals. METHODS In this study, 138 individuals were involved. Among the selected participants, 108 had thyroid nodules, including 30 papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), 30 follicular thyroid cancer (FTC), six anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), 12 medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), and 30 benign nodules. In addition, 30 individuals were selected as a healthy control group. The levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) of thyroid tissue were measured using the ELISA method, and the oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. RESULTS The TAC level was significantly lower in MTC and FTC subtypes than in controls. The TOS level was considerably higher in the MTC group than in the control and benign nodule groups. The TOS level was not changed in other groups. The OSI was considerably higher in MTC and FTC subtypes. The TAC and OSI in benign nodules were significantly lower and higher than those of controls, respectively. The OSI was higher in female patients than in males. CONCLUSIONS The OSI can not be considered a diagnostic biomarker for benign nodules and MTC. The diverse oxidative stress status between genders may be related to the elevated cancer incidence in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Faam
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ata A Ghadiri
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Ghaffari
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Totonchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Layasadat Khorsandi
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Ghanemi M, Pourshohod A, Ghaffari MA, Kheirollah A, Amin M, Zeinali M, Jamalan M. Specific Targeting of HER2-Positive Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Line HN5 by Idarubicin-ZHER2 Affibody Conjugate. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 19:65-73. [PMID: 28460618 DOI: 10.2174/1568009617666170427105417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell line HN5 can be employed with great opportunities of success for specific targeting of anti-cancer chemotherapeutic agents. OBJECTIVE In the current study, HER2-specific affibody molecule, ZHER2:342 (an engineered protein with great affinity for HER2 receptors) was selected for conjugation to idarubicin (an anti-neoplastic antibiotic). METHOD ZHER2:342 affibody gene with one added cysteine code at the its 5' end was synthesized de novo and then inserted into pET302 plasmid and transferred to E. Coli BL21 hosting system. After induction of protein expression, the recombinant ZHER2 affibody molecules were purified using Ni- NTA resin and purity was analyzed through SDS-PAGE. Affinity-purified affibody molecules were conjugated to idarubicin through a heterobifunctional crosslinker, sulfosuccinimidyl 4-(Nmaleimidomethyl) cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (Sulfo-SMCC). Specific toxicity of idarubicin-ZHER2 affibody conjugate against two HER2-positive cells, HN5 and MCF-7 was assessed through MTT assay after an exposure time of 48 hours with different concentrations of conjugate. RESULTS Idarubicin in the non-conjugated form showed potent toxic effects against both cell lines, while HN5 cells were significantly more sensitive compared to MCF-7 cells. Dimeric ZHER2 affibody showed a mild decreasing effect on growth of both HN5 and MCF-7 cells at optimum concentration. Idarubicin-ZHER2 affibody conjugate at an optimum concentration reduced viability of HN5 cell line more efficiently compared to MCF-7 cell line. CONCLUSION In conclusion, idarubicin-ZHER2 affibody conjugate in optimum concentrations can be used for specific targeting and killing of HN5 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Ghanemi
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Medical School, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Aminollah Pourshohod
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Medical School, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Ghaffari
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Medical School, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Kheirollah
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Medical School, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mansour Amin
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Majid Zeinali
- Biotechnology Research Center, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Tehran, Iran
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Afrakhteh M, Kheirollah A, Pourshohod A, Ghaffari MA, Jamalan M, Zeinali M. Cytotoxicity of Sodium Arsenite-loaded Anti-HER2 Immunoliposomes Against HER2-expressing Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180815666180803120409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Chemotherapy is a routine approach in treatment of patients with cancer,
while side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs are inevitable. To minimize side effects, specific targeting
of neoplastic cells is a promising strategy in cancer therapy. Sodium arsenite is a metalloid
toxin with anti-neoplastic properties, but low selectivity and carcinogenic activity have limited its
clinical usage.
Methods:
Targeting of HER2-overexpressing (SK-BR-3) and HER2-low expressing (MCF-7) cancerous
breast cell lines by two different liposomal forms of sodium arsenite (bare liposome and
trastuzumab-conjugated liposome) was investigated in the current study. Levels of HER2 expression
in the above mentioned cell lines were confirmed by western blotting. Size and morphology of
the constructed liposomes were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and dynamic light
scattering (DLS). Viability of the cells after treatment was assessed using MTT assay.
Results:
Sodium arsenite in the free and liposomal forms showed growth inhibitory effects against
both SK-BR-3 and MCF-7 cell lines in an examined concentration range of 1-20 µM, although this
effect was more significant in SK-BR-3 cell line. Loading of sodium arsenite in anti-HER2 immunoliposomes
significantly enhanced its cytotoxicity while the specificity was also improved. By
encapsulation of sodium arsenite in anti-HER2 immunoliposomes, its efficacy in ablation of SKBR-
3 cells was increased about 1.4-fold compared to the free or liposomal forms.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, targeted delivery of sodium arsenite using anti-HER2 immunoliposomes
can be considered as an alternative strategy for specific treatment of HER2-positive
breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moslem Afrakhteh
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Medical School, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Kheirollah
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Medical School, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Aminollah Pourshohod
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Medical School, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Ghaffari
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Medical School, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Jamalan
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Medical School, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Majid Zeinali
- Biotechnology Research Center, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Tehran, Iran
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Ghaffari MA, Mousavinejad E, Riahi F, Mousavinejad M, Afsharmanesh MR. Increased Serum Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha, Resistin, and Visfatin in the Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Case-Control Study. Neurol Res Int 2016; 2016:9060751. [PMID: 28018676 PMCID: PMC5149679 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9060751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are complex disorders where the pathogenesis is not fully understood. Several proinflammatory and immunoinflammatory disturbances have been observed in the etiology of ASD. There is, however, limited knowledge on variations of adipokines in ASD. The present study aimed to analyze the serum levels of resistin, visfatin, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in children with ASD in relation to body weight, gender, and ASD severity level. Method. In total, 30 children with ASD (mean age: 7.72 ± 2.65 y; range; 4-12 y) and 30 healthy children (mean age: 8.4 ± 2.66 y; range: 4-12 y), including males and females, were matched for age, gender, and body mass index (BMI). Serum samples were collected, and visfatin, resistin, and TNF-α serum levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Result. Serum visfatin, resistin, and TNF-α levels in children with ASD were significantly higher than that in the healthy patients (p < 0.05). Two significant correlations were found: a correlation between resistin and visfatin with TNF-α in children with ASD (R = 0.8 and R = 0.62, resp.) and a correlation between resistin and visfatin in children with ASD (R = 0.66). Conclusion. Higher TNF-α, resistin, and visfatin levels were found in children with ASD in comparison with controls, suggesting that elevated levels of serum proinflammatory agents may be implicated in the pathophysiology of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Ghaffari
- Biochemistry Department, Medical School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Elham Mousavinejad
- Biochemistry Department, Medical School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Forough Riahi
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Mousavinejad
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology (CSCB), Department of Biomedical Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mohammad Reza Afsharmanesh
- Biochemistry Department, Medical School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Keshtzar E, Khodayar MJ, Javadipour M, Ghaffari MA, Bolduc DL, Rezaei M. Ellagic acid protects against arsenic toxicity in isolated rat mitochondria possibly through the maintaining of complex II. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 35:1060-72. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327115618247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic arsenic exposure has been linked to many health problems including diabetes and cancer. In the present study, we assessed the protective effect of ellagic acid (EA) against toxicity induced by arsenic in isolated rat liver mitochondria. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential decline were assayed using dichlorofluorescein diacetate and rhodamine 123, respectively, and dehydrogenase activity obtained by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide conversion assay. Arsenic increased ROS levels and mitochondrial dysfunction, which led to a reduction in mitochondrial total dehydrogenase activity. Mitochondria pretreated with EA exposed to arsenic at various concentrations led to a reversal of ROS production and mitochondrial damage. Our results showed that mitochondria were significantly affected when exposed to arsenic, which resulted in excessive ROS production and mitochondrial membrane disruption. Pretreatment with EA, reduced ROS amounts, mitochondrial damage, and restored total dehydrogenase activity specifically associated with mitochondrial complex II. EA protective characteristics may be accomplished particularly throughout the mitochondrial maintenance either directly by its antioxidant property or indirectly through its maintaining of complex II. These findings also suggest a potential role for EA in treating or preventing mitochondria associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Keshtzar
- Diabetes Research Center, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - MJ Khodayar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - M Javadipour
- Diabetes Research Center, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - MA Ghaffari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - DL Bolduc
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - M Rezaei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Ghaffari MA, Mohammadzadeh GH, Rezazadeh M, Rashidi H. Effects of Vitamins C and E on Serum Resistin, Hs-CRP, Lipid Profile and Insulin Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. mljgoums 2016. [DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.mlj.10.3.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Jamalan M, Ghaffari MA, Hoseinzadeh P, Hashemitabar M, Zeinali M. Human Sperm Quality and Metal Toxicants: Protective Effects of some Flavonoids on Male Reproductive Function. Int J Fertil Steril 2016; 10:215-23. [PMID: 27441055 PMCID: PMC4948074 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2016.4912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Metals can cause male infertility through affection of spermatogenesis and
sperm quality. Strong evidences confirm that male infertility in metal-exposed humans is
mediated via various mechanisms such as production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Flavonoids
have antioxidant and metal chelating properties which make them suitable candidates for neutralizing
adverse effects of metals on semen quality. In the current study, we have evaluated
the effects of five types of flavonoids (rutin, naringin, kaempferol, quercetin, and catechin) on
recovery of sperm motility and prevention of membrane oxidative damage from aluminum
chloride (AlCl3), cadmium chloride (CdCl2), and lead chloride (PbCl4).
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, motility and lipid peroxidation of metalexposed sperm was investigated
in the presence of different concentrations of five kinds of
flavonoids. Malondialdehyde (MDA) production was assessed as a lipid peroxidation marker. Results Aluminum chloride (AlCl3), cadmium chloride (CdCl2), and lead chloride
(PbCl4) diminished sperm motility. Treatment of metal-exposed sperm with rutin, naringin,
and kaempferol attenuated the negative effects of the metals on sperm motility.
Quercetin and catechin decreased the motility of metal-exposed sperm. Conclusion Based on the MDA production results, only AlCl3 significantly induced lipid peroxidation.
Treatment with rutin, naringin, and kaempferol significantly decreased
MDA production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Ali Ghaffari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Pooneh Hoseinzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hashemitabar
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Anatomical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Majid Zeinali
- Biotechnology Research Center, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Tehran, Iran
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Ashtary-Larky D, Ghaffari MA, Noorbehbahani M, Alipour M. Association of Smoking With Semen Quality and µ-Calpain Level in Normospermia: A Case-Control Study. J Family Reprod Health 2016; 10:15-20. [PMID: 27385969 PMCID: PMC4930449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Calpains are a family of Ca(2+) dependent proteases. There is some evidence that calpains involved in fusion process that occurs between spermatozoa and the oocyte. The current study aimed to investigate the association of smoking with semen quality and µ-calpain level. MATERIALS AND METHODS This case-control study was conducted on 117 normospermia males between June 2013 and march 2014 in Jahad Laboratory in ahvaz, Iran. The semen samples were collected from male smokers (n = 50) and non-smokers (n = 67). We divided these participants as light, moderate, or heavy smokers based on their cigarettes per day (CPD). ELISA assays were used to measure µ-calpain concentration. All semen samples were analyzed according to World Health Organization guidelines. RESULTS The analysis of semen showed the volume, concentration, motility and morphology of semen were significantly lower among the smoker men than the non-smoker men. Also this significant difference was observed based on the number (light, moderate and heavy smokers) and duration (short term and long term smoker) of smoking. Although, showed no significant difference between µ-calpain of smoker men and non-smoker men. CPD showed negatively correlation with semen volume, concentration, motility and morphology of sperm. CONCLUSION Sperm quality was negatively correlated with CPD and duration of smoking. However, there is no significant correlation between smoking and µ-calpain concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damoon Ashtary-Larky
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Ghaffari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Noorbehbahani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Meysam Alipour
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran,Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Ghorban M, Karimpour F, Ghaffari MA, Kheirollah A, Saki A. Association of the CETP TaqIB Polymorphism with Coronary Artery Disease in Type 2 Diabetic Patients. mljgoums 2015. [DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.mlj.9.5.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Rashtchizadeh N, Ghaffari MA, Askari Sede S, Mohammadzadeh G, Majidi S. Associations of pentraxin 3 with presence and severity of coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetes patients. Turk J Bioch 2015. [DOI: 10.5505/tjb.2015.60024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Jamalan M, Rezazadeh M, Zeinali M, Ghaffari MA. Effect of ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol supplementations on serum leptin, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and serum amyloid A levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Avicenna J Phytomed 2015; 5:531-9. [PMID: 26693410 PMCID: PMC4678498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetes mellitus Type 2 is one of the most widespread chronic metabolic diseases. In most cases, this type of diabetes is associated with alterations in levels of some inflammatory cytokines and hormones. Considering anti-inflammatory properties of plant extracts rich in ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), anti-diabetic properties of these two well-known antioxidant vitamins were investigated through measurement of serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), insulin, leptin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and serum amyloid A (SAA) in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male patients (n=80) were randomly divided into two groups each consisted of 40 subjects. Test groups were supplemented with ascorbic acid (1000 mg/day) or alpha-tocopherol (300 mg/day) orally during four weeks. Before and after treatment, serum biochemical factors of subjects were measured and compared. RESULTS Our results showed that both ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol could induce significant anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing the level of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, SAA, and hs-CRP in diabetes mellitus type 2 patients. Effects of alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid in decreasing serum leptin level were similar. Ascorbic acid in contrast to alpha-tocopherol diminished fasting insulin and HOMA index but had no effect on LDL serum level. CONCLUSION Concerning the obtained results, it is concluded that consumption of supplementary vitamins C and E could decrease induced inflammatory response in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. It is also possible that vitamin C and vitamin E supplementation can attenuate incidence of some proposed pathological effects of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Jamalan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahin Rezazadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Majid Zeinali
- Biotechnology Research Center, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Ghaffari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran,Corresponding Author: Tel.: +98 (916) 3038979, Fax: +98 (611) 3738632,
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Abstract
Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine malignancy of the endocrine organs, and its incidence rate has steadily increased over the last decade. Over 95% of thyroid carcinoma is derived from follicular cells that have a spectrum of differentiation to the most invasive malignancy. The molecular pathogenesis of thyroid cancer remains to be clarified, although activating the RET, RAS and BRAF oncogenes have been well characterized. Increasing evidence from previous studies demonstrates that acquired epigenetic abnormalities participating with genetic alteration results in altered patterns of gene expression/function. Aberrant DNA methylation has been established in the CpG regions and microRNAs (miRNAs) expression profile recognized in cancer development. In the present review, a literature review was performed using MEDLINE and PubMed with the terms 'epigenetic patterns in thyroid cancer [or papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC)]', 'DNA methylation in thyroid cancer (or PTC, FTC, MTC, ATC)', 'miRNA expression in thyroid cancer (or PTC, FTC, MTC, ATC)', 'epigenetic patterns in cancer' and the current understanding of epigenetic patterns in thyroid cancer was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Faam
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Ghaffari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ata Ghadiri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ghaffari MA, Askari Sede S, Rashtchizadeh N, Mohammadzadeh G, Majidi S. Association of CRP gene polymorphism with CRP levels and Coronary Artery Disease in Type 2 Diabetes in Ahvaz, southwest of Iran. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 4:133-9. [PMID: 25337466 PMCID: PMC4204038 DOI: 10.15171/bi.2014.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: We evaluated the association between four polymorphisms in the CRP gene with serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, prevalence and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.
Methods: We performed coronary angiography for 308 T2DM patients and classified them into two groups: T2DM with CAD and T2DM without CAD. All patients were from Ahvaz, Iran. serum levels of CRP, glucose and lipid profile were measured. Genotyping was performed by PCR/RFLP, and the severity of coronary artery disease was determined by Gensini score.
Results: The GG genotype of SNP rs279421 was associated with the increased risk of CAD (OR= 2.38; 95% CI: 1.12- 5.8; p= 0.02) and CA, TT, TA genotypes and A allele of SNP rs3091244 and GA genotypes and A allele of SNP rs3093062 were significantly associated with increased CRP levels. None of genotypes or alleles was associated with Gensini score. We found that the haplotype 7 (AGCG) was associated with decreased risk of CAD (OR= 0.11; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.66; p= 0.017) and the Gensini score was correlated with increased levels of CRP, only in CAD group.
Conclusion: Although genetic polymorphisms were influenced on serum RP levels, none of the alleles and genotypes raising or falling C-reactive protein levels was consistently associated with an increased prevalence of CAD or protected from that.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Ghaffari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jondishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran
| | - Saeed Askari Sede
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Ghorban Mohammadzadeh
- Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Ahvaz Jondishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shahla Majidi
- Department of Cardiology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran
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Ghaffari MA, Zeinali M, Barzegari Asadabadi E, Jamalan M, Jahandideh S. Affinity enhancement of HER2-binding Z(HER2:342) affibody via rational design approach: a molecular dynamics study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2013; 32:1919-28. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2013.842499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ghaffari MA, Rostami M. The effect of cigarette smoking on human sperm creatine kinase activity: as an ATP buffering system in sperm. Int J Fertil Steril 2013; 6:258-65. [PMID: 24520449 PMCID: PMC3850315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spermatozoa are a group of cells that consume adenosine triphosphate (ATP) rapidly. Creatine kinase (CK), produced by creatine phosphate, is an energy reservoir for the rapid buffering and regeneration of ATP and can play an important role in sperm motility. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of cigarette smoking on human sperm CK activity in males who smoke. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this case - control study, we obtained semen samples from male smokers (n=64) and nonsmokers (n=83). Smokers were categorized as light, moderate, or heavy smokers according to the daily number of cigarettes smoked and the number of years they have smoked. Data were analyzed by the independent t test and Pearson's analysis. RESULTS This investigation showed significantly lower sperm CK activity and movement in male smokers compared to nonsmokers. In addition, it was demonstrated that cigarette smoking had a dose-dependent effect on these parameters. There was a positive relation, although not significant, between sperm CK activity and its motility in male smokers. CONCLUSION Smoking, by diminishing sperm CK activity, may potentially impair sperm energy homeostasis and have an association with damage to sperm motility. This effect can be an important mechanism that may cause infertility in male smokers. However, further research is necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanism of sperm motility damage caused by cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Ghaffari
- * Corresponding Address:
P.O.Box: 61335-4515 Department of Biochemistry,
School of MedicineAhwaz Jundishapour University of
Medical SciencesAhwazIran
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Ghaffari MA, Rostami M. Lipid Peroxidation and Nitric Oxide Levels in Male Smokers' Spermatozoa and their Relation with Sperm Motility. J Reprod Infertil 2012; 13:81-7. [PMID: 23926529 PMCID: PMC3719338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized from L-arginine by a family of enzymes known as nitric oxide synthases. Low concentrations of NO is essential in biology and physiology of spermatozoa, but high amounts of NO is toxic and has negative effects on sperm functions. Moreover, sperm membrane contains high concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids that are highly susceptible to oxidative damage that interferes with fertilization ability. Therefore, we investigated the correlation between levels of sperm malondialdehyde (MDA) and NO with sperm motility in male smokers. METHODS Semen samples were collected from normozoospermic smoker (n=64) and nonsmoker (n=83) men. The content of sperm lipid peroxidation was determined by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA). The sperm NO were also measured using Griess reagent. Data was analyzed by SPSS, (version 15.0), using independent t-test and Pearson analysis. RESULTS The mean MDA and NO concentrations in the sperm of normozoospermic male smokers were significantly higher than the control group or normozoospermic nonsmokers, (p <0.001). A significant negative relationship was noted between sperm motility and sperm MDA levels (r=-0.32, p=0.01); and sperm motility and sperm NO concentration (for nitrite, r=-0.34, p=0.006 and for nitrate, r=-0.38, p=0.002). CONCLUSION It was concluded that the increase in MDA and NO production in sperm can influence sperm motility in normozoospermic smokers. Therefore, it seems that cigarette smoking may affect the fertility of male smokers via increasing the amount of sperm MDA/lipid peroxidation and NO concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Ghaffari
- Physiology Research Center, Ahwaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahwaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ahwaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran,Corresponding Author: Mohammad Ali Ghaffari, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ahwaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran. E-mail:;
| | - Morad Rostami
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ahwaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran
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Ghaffari MA, Motlagh B. In vitro effect of lead, silver, tin, mercury, indium and bismuth on human sperm creatine kinase activity: a presumable mechanism for men infertility. Iran Biomed J 2011; 15:38-43. [PMID: 21725498 PMCID: PMC3639739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2010] [Revised: 04/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro effects of mercury (Hg+2), lead (Pb+2), silver (Ag+2), tin (Sn+2), bismuth (Bi+3) and indium (In+3) ions on sperm creatine kinase. METHODS creatine kinase was isolated from human sperm homogenates after chromatography on a DEAE cellulose column. RESULTS At 60 mug ml-1 metal concentration, 70% of the creatine kinase activity was inhibited by Hg+2, while at the same concentration, Pb+2, Ag+2, Sn+2, Bi+3 and In+3 caused 68%, 66.5%, 65.7%, 64.7% and 62.7% inhibition, respectively. All six metal ions displayed a competitive type of inhibition mechanism for the isolated creatine kinase as analyzed by Lineweaver-Burk plot. Ki values of Hg+2, Pb+2, Ag+2, Sn+2, Bi+3 and In+3 were calculated and 8.34 mM, 5 mM, 4.54 mM, 3.45 mM, 3.12 mM and 2.63 mM values were obtained, respectively. CONCLUSION All the studied metal ions, at levels of 60 mug ml-1, may reduce normal sperm metabolism by inhibition of sperm creatine kinase, which probably is an important cause of infertility in men. However, further investigations, as in vitro and in vivo, are needed to elucidate the exact mechanism of heavy metals on male reproductive functioning at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Ghaffari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center and Physiology Research Center, Ahwaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
| | - Behrooz Motlagh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center and Physiology Research Center, Ahwaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
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Mansouri E, Panahi M, Ghaffari MA, Ghorbani A. Effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on oxidative stress induced by diabetes in rat kidney. Iran Biomed J 2011; 15:100-106. [PMID: 21987116 PMCID: PMC3639749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2011] [Revised: 08/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) on lipid peroxidation content and activity of tissue antioxidant enzymes, including catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in diabetic rats. METHODS Thirty male rats were divided into three groups of 10 rats each: control, diabetic and diabetic groups that received 500 mg/kg GSPE for 6 weeks. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg body weight). Rats with fasting blood glucose levels above 250 mg/dl were used as diabetic animals. The first 24-hour urinary albumin excretion (UAE) was measured two weeks after diabetes induction and then each week until the end of the experimental period in all groups. Lipid peroxidation content and activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were measured in kidney homogenate supernatants. Statistical significance of differences was assessed with one-way ANOVA by SPSS followed by Tukey's t-test. P < 0.05 was assumed statistically significant. RESULTS UAE in diabetic nephropathy rats were significantly higher than in control. In addition, an increase in lipid peroxidation content and decrease in catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in kidney of diabetic nephropathy rats were observed. The GSPE administration did not affect on body weight, but significantly decreased lipid peroxidation and augmented the activities of antioxidant enzymes studied in kidney of diabetic nephropathy rats as well as reduced UAE and decreased kidney weight. CONCLUSION The results suggested that GSPE could ameliorate diabetic nephropathy rats through reduction of oxidative stress and increase in renal antioxidant enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esrafil Mansouri
- Dept. of Anatomical Sciences ; Faculty of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz Jondishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz;
| | - Marzieh Panahi
- Dept. of Anatomical Sciences ; Faculty of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz Jondishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz;
| | - Mohammad Ali Ghaffari
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz Jondishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz;
| | - Ali Ghorbani
- Dept. of Nephrology, Golestan Hospital, Ahwaz Jondishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran
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Ghaffari MA, Ghiasvand T. Effects of alpha- tocopherol on the velocity of low density lipoprotein oxidation by cupric ions. Acta Med Iran 2010; 48:289-294. [PMID: 21287459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the effect of different concentrations of alpha-tocopherol on in vitro cupric ions induced oxidation of low density lipoproteins (LDL). Human native LDL (50 µg protein/ml) oxidation was induced by 10 µmol/L of CuSO4. Conjugated dienes were measured spectrophotometrically for up to 440 minutes. The length of the lag phase (Tlag), maximum velocity of the reaction (Vmax) and the maximum amount of generated dienes were obtained from kinetic data. Alpha-tocopherol increased Tlag and decreased Vmax with a dependence upon concentration (0-100 µmol/L). There was no difference between the Dmax obtained with cupric ions alone or in the presence of the various concentrations of alpha-tocopherol. The results suggest that alpha-tocopherol may decrease free radicals presence in LDL and thus decrease velocity of LDL oxidation by cupric ions. This mechanism may be a reason for alpha-tocopherol effect in ameliorating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Ghaffari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical, Ahwaz Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran.
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Ghaffari MA, Shanaki M. In vitroinhibition of low density lipoprotein carbamylation by vitamins, as an ameliorating atherosclerotic risk in uremic patients. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2010; 70:122-7. [DOI: 10.3109/00365511003624137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
Oxidation of Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) is regarded as a key event in the development of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate effect of various copper concentrations on LDL oxidation kinetic profile as a mechanism in atherosclerosis process. LDL was isolated from plasma and its oxidation with copper was investigated by monitoring the formation of conjugated dienes. Based on time course of the formation of conjugated diene was observed at concentrations of 0.5 to 10 µM copper, represented the conventional kinetics of LDL oxidation with an inhibition period followed by a propagation phase. In contrast, at concentrations of 20 to 50 µM copper, LDL oxidation proceeded after a negligibly short lag-time followed by a distinct propagation phase. At lower copper concentrations of about 0.5 µM, LDL oxidation can be combined in 4 consecutive oxidation phase. The increasing copper concentration (to 10 µM) lowered the first propagation and shortened the seconded inhibition period until they melted into one apparent kinetic phase. But in copper concentrations of about 20 to 50 µM, increasing copper concentration increased the first propagation and the second inhibition but lowered the second propagation phase. The results of this investigation on the copper dependence of the oxidation kinetics suggest that LDL contains two different copper binding sites. Copper bound to the low affinity binding sites with molar ratio of 200 to 500 of copper / LDL. These ions bound to the high affinity binding sites with molar ratio of copper / LDL of 5 to 100.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Ghaffari
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical, Ahwaz Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran
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Hosseini F, Naseri MKG, Badavi M, Ghaffari MA, Shahbazian H, Rashidi I. Protective effect of beta carotene pretreatment on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat. Pak J Biol Sci 2010; 12:1140-5. [PMID: 19899325 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2009.1140.1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Renal ischemia/reperfusion injury is a major cause of acute renal failure. The production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species are important factors contributing to ischemia/reperfusion injury. Thus, scavenging of the excess free radicals can be an important therapeutic approach. The present study examined the protective effect of beta carotene against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat. Male adult Wistar rats (250-300 g) were exposed to 45 min of renal ischemia followed by 4 h of reperfusion. Beta carotene (10, 30 and 100 mg kg(-1)) or vehicle was administered for 5 days prior to ischemia. Renal function was assessed by plasma and urinary analysis. Present results showed that ischemia/reperfusion injury increased (p < 0.05-p < 0.001) serum urea and creatinine levels, as well as urinary excretion of protein and calcium and fractional excretion of sodium, while decreased glomerular filtration rate and potassium excretion. However, alterations in these biochemical indices due to ischemia/reperfusion injury were attenuated by beta carotene pretreatment (p < 0.05-p < 0.001), although not by all doses. Since, beta carotene administration improved renal function, it seems that beta carotene protects renal tissue against ischemia/reperfusion-induced oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Hosseini
- Physiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahwaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran
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Ghaffari MA, Shanaki M. Evalution of in vitro effect of flavonoids on human low-density lipoprotein carbamylation. Iran J Pharm Res 2010; 9:67-74. [PMID: 24363709 PMCID: PMC3869556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The non-enzymatic carbamylation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) is a naturally occurring chemical modification of apolipoprotein B as a result of condensation between lysine residues and cyanate derived from urea. Carbamylated LDL is poorly recognized by LDL receptors and initiates different processes that can be considered proatherogenic. Thus, LDL carbamylation may contribute to the increased risk of atherosclerosis in patients with kidney failure. The objective of this study was to investigate in vitro effects of flavonoids on LDL carbamylation. LDL was isolated from plasma using ultracentrifuge technique with a single step discontinuous gradient. Then, cyanate was added to LDL and LDL carbamylation level was estimated in absence and presence of flavonoids by a colorimetric method at 530 nm. The results of this study showed that a number of flavonoids including rutin, catechin, morin, myricetin, kaempferol, taxifolin, luteolin, naringin and quercetin decreased LDL carbamylation in a dose dependent manner. Also, it was demonstrated that these nutrients decreased electrophoretic mobility of carbamylated LDL. Based on the results obtained in this study, it is suggested that flavonoids are able to inhibit LDL carbamylation (probably by scavenging cyanate ions) and thus, may have a role in ameliorating atherosclerotic risk of patients with kidney failure.
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Ghaffari MA, Mojab S. Glucose influence on copper ion-dependent oxidation of low density lipoprotein. Iran Biomed J 2009; 13:59-64. [PMID: 19252679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well established that oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein (LDL) plays a causal role in human atherogenesis and the risk of atherosclerosis is increased in patients with diabetes mellitus. We examined the in vitro effect of glucose on native and glycated LDL oxidation using copper ion dependent oxidation system. METHODS In this study, LDL was isolated from plasma by ultracentrifugation using a single step discontinuous gradient. Native LDL preparations were glycated by glucose and also were oxidized by copper ions. LDL glycation and oxidation levels were estimated by sodium periodate assay and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), respectively. Then, native LDL was incubated with glucose and copper and LDL oxidation was estimated by TBARS. Finally, oxidation of glycated LDL was studied in presence of copper ions by TBARS and relative electrophoretic mobility on polyacrylamide gel. RESULTS This study showed that glucose considerably decreased the oxidation of native LDL by copper ions. But oxidation of glycated LDL elevated with presence of copper ions. CONCLUSION The results of this investigation show that LDL glycated in vitro is prone to oxidation by copper ions. Thus, promotion of glycated LDL oxidation by glucose is specific for copper ion dependent oxidation and involves increased copper ion reduction. These results provide one mechanism that may enhanced LDL oxidation in diabetes and thus contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Ghaffari
- Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medical, Ahwaz Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran
| | - Samad Mojab
- Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medical, Ahwaz Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran
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Ghaffari MA, Mojab S. Glucose influence on copper ion-dependent oxidation of native and glycated low density lipoprotein. Toxicol Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ghaffari MA, Mojab S. Influence of flavonols as in vitro on low density lipoprotein glycation. Iran Biomed J 2007; 11:185-191. [PMID: 18051779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The non-enzymatic glycation of Low density lipoprotein (LDL) is a naturally occurring chemical modification of apolipoprotein B as a result of condensation between lysine residues and glucose. Glycated LDL is poorly recognized by LDL receptors and initiates different processes that can be considered proatherogenic. Thus, LDL glycation may contribute in the increased atherosclerotic risk of patients with diabetes. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of naturally occurring flavonols on LDL glycation in vitro. METHODS In this study, LDL was isolated from EDTA-plasma by ultracentrifugation using a single step discontinuous gradient. Then, glucose was added to LDL and LDL glycation level was estimated in absence and presence of flavonols by sodium periodate assay. RESULTS This study was showed that five flavonols: quercetin, myricetin, kaempferol, rutin and morin decreased LDL glycation in a dose-dependent manner. Also, it was demonstrated this nutrients decreased electrophoretic mobility of glycated LDL. CONCLUSION The results of this investigation show that flavonols probably with their antioxidant properties inhibited LDL glycation and thus may have a role in ameliorating atherosclerotic risk of patients with diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Ghaffari
- Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medical, Ahwaz Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran.
| | - Samad Mojab
- Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medical, Ahwaz Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran.
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Sang QX, Jia MC, Schwartz MA, Jaye MC, Kleinman HK, Ghaffari MA, Luo YL. New thiol and sulfodiimine metalloproteinase inhibitors and their effect on human microvascular endothelial cell growth. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 274:780-6. [PMID: 10924354 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs, matrixins) are a family of homologous zinc endopeptidases that may play a very important role in many physiological and pathological processes, e.g., the initiation of angiogenesis. Two new matrixin inhibitors were synthesized and characterized. A thiol inhibitor MAG-283 had IC(50) values of 480, 3, 280, 14, 1.1, and 2.3 nM against human interstitial collagenase (MMP-1), gelatinase A (MMP-2), stromelysin (MMP-3), matrilysin (MMP-7), neutrophil collagenase (MMP-8), and gelatinase B (MMP-9), respectively. A sulfodiimine inhibitor YLL-224 had IC(50) values of 180, 63, 4500, 210, 5.9, and 44 nM against MMP-1, -2, -3, -7, -8, and -9, respectively. Human skin microvascular endothelial cells were treated with these two compounds in culture. These inhibitors at very low micromolar concentrations suppressed proliferation of the endothelial cells stimulated by acidic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor. They also partially blocked cell invasion through type IV collagen. These results suggested a correlation between the anti-metalloenzyme activity and the effects of these inhibitors on the growth and invasion of endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q X Sang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Tallahassee, Florida, 32306-4390, USA.
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Ghaffari MA, Ali H, Rousseau J, van Lier JE. Synthesis and tissue distribution of substituted [125I]iodophenylamine derivatives: possible brain imaging agents. Nucl Med Biol 1997; 24:151-64. [PMID: 9089708 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8051(96)00187-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and brain uptake in mice of the radioiodinated derivatives of N,N-dimethyl-N'-(iododimethoxyphenyl)-1,3-propanediamine, as well as the N-substituted derivatives of (iodoalkylphenyl)isopropyl, iodoalkylphenylethylamine and 3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenyl-amphetamine (MDA) are described. These compounds contain structural features of both IMP and HIPDM, the cerebral perfusion agents currently in clinical use. The radiolabeled analogs were obtained via the [125I]I exchange method, or by [125I]NaI treatment of the iodo-free precursor in the presence of an oxidant. Following intravenous injection in mice, all compounds showed important radioactivity concentrations in the lungs and kidneys. The N-substituted (iodoalkylphenyl)isopropyl and iodoalkylphenyl-ethylamine derivatives displayed a high initial brain uptake (> 10% IDg-1) followed by a rapid clearance phase, resulting in lower brain-to-blood ratios as those reported for IMP and HIPDM. In contrast, N,N-dimethyl-N'-(iododimethyphenyl)-1,3-propanediamine derivatives featuring the iodo substituent on the benzene carbon adjacent to the methyl amine group and the methoxy substituents on the 2,5- or 2,4-positions, showed low but more persistant brain uptake. Combined with fast blood clearance, this resulted in high brain-to-blood ratios at later time points. Among all compounds tested, the highest brain-to-blood ratio was observed with compound N,N-dimethyl-N'-(6-iodo-3,4-dimethyoxyphenyl)-1,3-propanediamine (27e), reaching a maximum of > 20 at 12 h post-injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Ghaffari
- MRC Group in the Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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Abstract
1. The synthesis and microbiological transformation of 2-phenyl-1-tetralone (compound 3, 1-deoxyisoflavanone), 3-phenyl-1-tetralone (compound 4, 1-deoxyflavanone), 2-phenylchroman (compound 7, 4-deoxyflavanone), 3-phenylchroman (compound 8, 4-deoxyisoflavanone) and 1,2-dihydro-3-phenylnaphthalene (compound 10, 1,4-dideoxy-dehydroflavanone) by Absidia blackesleeana are described. 2. Compounds 3, 4, 7 and 8 were hydroxylated at the 4'-position while compound 10 was not utilized as a substrate. The two phenylchroman analogues 7 and 8 gave approximately the same yield (22% and 26%, respectively) of the 4'-hydroxylation products, while the phenyltetralone analogues 3 and 4 showed significant differences in 4'-hydroxylation (2% and 47%, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Abul-Hajj
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455
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32
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Schwartz MA, Venkataraman S, Ghaffari MA, Libby A, Mookhtiar KA, Mallya SK, Birkedal-Hansen H, Van Wart HE. Inhibition of human collagenases by sulfur-based substrate analogs. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1991; 176:173-9. [PMID: 1850255 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(91)90905-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of sulfhydryl and novel sulfur-based substrate-analog inhibitors has been synthesized and tested against human fibroblast and neutrophil collagenases. Absolute stereospecific synthesis of several sulfhydryl inhibitors establishes that it is the diastereomers with the R-configuration of the P'1 residues, which correspond to the unnatural D-amino acid analogs, that are the most potent inhibitors. The corresponding disulfide, sulfonate, sulfinate, sulfide, sulfoxide and sulfone analogs exhibit widely variable levels of potency, but all less than the sulfhydryl compounds. No correlation between inhibitor potency and any single structural feature of these new compounds is apparent. However, differences in potency can be ascribed to the different affinities of these functional groups for zinc coordination and hydrogen bonding to nearby active site residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee 32306
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33
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Ali H, Rousseau J, Ghaffari MA, van Lier JE. Synthesis, receptor binding, and tissue distribution of 7 alpha- and 11 beta-substituted (17 alpha,20E)- and (17 alpha,20Z)-21-[125I]iodo-19-norpregna-1,3,5(10),20-tetraene-3,17-diols. J Med Chem 1991; 34:854-60. [PMID: 1995909 DOI: 10.1021/jm00106a054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The 11 beta-methoxy, 11 beta-ethoxy, and 7 alpha-methyl derivatives of the isomeric (17 alpha,20E)- and (17 alpha,20Z)-(iodovinyl)estradiols 3 and 6, and their no-carrier-added [125I]iodovinyl analogues, were evaluated for their relative target-tissue retention and binding affinity for the estrogen receptor. The isomeric iodovinyl and [125I]iodovinyl derivatives were prepared via destannylation of the corresponding tributylstannyl precursors in the presence of H2O2 or chloramine-T, with retention of configuration. The 20Z isomers 6 exhibited slightly higher receptor binding affinities than the 20E isomers 3, with all eight isomeric products giving relative binding affinity values in the 20-50 range. The 11 beta- and 7 alpha-substituted (iodovinyl)estradiols gave substantially higher estrogen receptor-mediated uterus uptake as compared to the nonsubstituted parent molecule. Synergism between the effect of 11 beta- or 7 alpha-substituents and the configuration of the iodovinyl group was evident from the in vivo distribution pattern of [125I]-3 and -6. The best uterus uptake was observed, at 2 h postinjection, with the 20E isomer of 11 beta-methoxy derivative 3b. However, at 5 h postinjection the 20Z isomer 6b reached higher uterus concentrations than the 20E isomer 3b, and furthermore, these values are now comparable to those observed with the 20Z isomer of the 11 beta-ethoxy derivative 6c. In the case of the 7 alpha-methyl derivatives the differences in in vivo stability between the 20E and 20Z isomers was less pronounced, whereas the 20Z isomer 6d reached somewhat higher uterus to blood as well as nontarget ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ali
- MRC Group in the Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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34
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Abstract
Four ring A steroidal epoxyenones as probable intermediate in the formation of catechol estrogens were synthesized. The isomeric 1 alpha,2 alpha-epoxy-17 beta-hydroxyestr-4-en-3-one (9) and 1 beta,2 beta-epoxy-17 beta-hydroxyestr-4-en-3-one (8) were synthesized from 17 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-estra-3-one. The isomeric 4 alpha,5 alpha-epoxy-17 beta-hydroxyestr-1-en-3-one (11) and 4 beta,5 beta-epoxy-17 beta-hydroxyestr-1-en-3-one (10) were prepared from 19-nortestosterone. The reaction of 9 and 10 with sodium/ethanethiol resulted in the formation of three types of reactions leading to multiple products: 1,4-addition, opening of epoxide, and epoxide opening followed by dehydration. Reaction of 8 with ethanethiol gave only one compound identified as 2-ethanethio-1,4-estradien-17 beta-ol-3-one, while reaction of 9 with ethanethiol gave an unusual product identified as 4-estren-1 alpha,17 beta-diol-3-one. Unlike reaction of ethanethiol with 9 and 10, reaction with N-acetylecysteine or glutathione results in epoxide opening followed by dehydration leading to the formation of estradiol-4-thioethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Ghaffari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455
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Sikorska H, Rousseau J, Desputeau C, Gervais A, Savoie S, Ghaffari MA, Bisson L, van Lier JE. Infarcted heart uptake and biodistribution of radiolabelled anti-myosin monoclonal antibody in rat and dog myocardial infarct models. Int J Rad Appl Instrum B 1990; 17:567-84. [PMID: 2254094 DOI: 10.1016/0883-2897(90)90133-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A new mouse monoclonal antibody that recognizes alpha- and beta-heavy chains of human atrial and ventricular myosin and beta-heavy chain of human slow skeletal muscle myosin was obtained. The 125I- and 111In-labelled antibody, and its F(ab')2 and Fab fragments localize in isoproterenol induced infarcted rat heart, with the F(ab')2 fragment showing the highest uptake. Comparison with 99Tc-pyrophosphate uptake in infarcted dog heart, induced by selective obstruction of a coronary artery, suggest that the 111In-labelled F(ab')2 localizes specifically in infarcted myocardium only.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sikorska
- Rougier Bio-Tech Ltd., Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Ali H, Rousseau J, Ghaffari MA, van Lier JE. Synthesis, receptor binding, and tissue distribution of (17 alpha,20E)- and (17 alpha,20Z)-21-[125I]iodo-19-norpregna-1,3,5(10), 20-tetraene-3,17-diol . J Med Chem 1988; 31:1946-50. [PMID: 3172127 DOI: 10.1021/jm00118a013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The isomeric (17 alpha,20E)- and (17 alpha,20Z)-(iodovinyl)estradiol derivatives 3 and 6, and their no-carrier-added (nca) [125I]iodovinyl analogues, were tested for their relative target tissue retention and binding affinity for the estrogen receptor. The (iodovinyl)estradiols 3 and 6 were prepared via destannylation of the (17 alpha,20E)- and (17 alpha,20Z)-tributylstannyl precursors 2 and 4 with retention of configuration. Selective formation of the E or Z isomers 2 and 4 during the reaction of 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol 1a with tri-n-butyltin hydride was controlled by the presence or absence of the catalyst, the polarity of the solvent, and the reaction temperature. The nca [125I]iodovinyl analogues [125I]-3a and [125I]-6a were obtained in good radiochemical yield and high purity by treatment of 2a and 4a with [125I]NaI in the presence of H2O2 and chloroamine-T, respectively. Of the two isomeric iodovinyl derivatives 3 and 6, the 20Z isomer 6a exhibited the highest receptor binding affinity and the [125I]-6a gave the highest in vivo receptor-mediated target tissue uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ali
- MRC Group in the Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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37
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Abstract
Treatment of estrone or estradiol acetate with thallium trifluoroacetate in TFA and subsequent reaction with KI gave the 2-iodoestrogens as the major product. In the case of estradiol diacetate, treatment of the thallation product with [125I]NaI, using the same reaction conditions, gave exclusively the 2-iodo isomer. Thus, regioselectivity combined with rapidity, renders this procedure particularly suitable for A-ring radioiodination of estradiol with short-lived isotopes.
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