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Li J, Xie Y, Zheng S, He H, Wang Z, Li X, Jiao S, Liu D, Yang F, Zhao H, Li P, Sun Y. Targeting autophagy in diabetic cardiomyopathy: From molecular mechanisms to pharmacotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116790. [PMID: 38776677 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a cardiac microvascular complication caused by metabolic disorders. It is characterized by myocardial remodeling and dysfunction. The pathogenesis of DCM is associated with abnormal cellular metabolism and organelle accumulation. Autophagy is thought to play a key role in the diabetic heart, and a growing body of research suggests that modulating autophagy may be a potential therapeutic strategy for DCM. Here, we have summarized the major signaling pathways involved in the regulation of autophagy in DCM, including Adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), Forkhead box subfamily O proteins (FOXOs), Sirtuins (SIRTs), and PTEN-inducible kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin. Given the significant role of autophagy in DCM, we further identified natural products and chemical drugs as regulators of autophagy in the treatment of DCM. This review may help to better understand the autophagy mechanism of drugs for DCM and promote their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Xie
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuwen Zheng
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haoming He
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuexi Li
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Siqi Jiao
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Furong Yang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hailing Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Yihong Sun
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Wang Y, Li Y, Ding H, Li D, Shen W, Zhang X. The Current State of Research on Sirtuin-Mediated Autophagy in Cardiovascular Diseases. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:382. [PMID: 37754811 PMCID: PMC10531599 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10090382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins belong to the class III histone deacetylases and possess nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase activity. They are involved in the regulation of multiple signaling pathways implicated in cardiovascular diseases. Autophagy is a crucial adaptive cellular response to stress stimuli. Mounting evidence suggests a strong correlation between Sirtuins and autophagy, potentially involving cross-regulation and crosstalk. Sirtuin-mediated autophagy plays a crucial regulatory role in some cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, ischemia/reperfusion injury, hypertension, heart failure, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and drug-induced myocardial damage. In this context, we summarize the research advancements pertaining to various Sirtuins involved in autophagy and the molecular mechanisms regulating autophagy. We also elucidate the biological function of Sirtuins across diverse cardiovascular diseases and further discuss the development of novel drugs that regulate Sirtuin-mediated autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730106, China; (Y.W.)
| | - Yongnan Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730031, China;
| | - Hong Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730031, China;
| | - Dan Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730106, China; (Y.W.)
| | - Wanxi Shen
- Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Qinghai University, Xining 810007, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730031, China;
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Yin L, Yuan L, Tang Y, Luo Z, Lin X, Wang S, Liang P, Jiang B. NUCLEOLIN PROMOTES AUTOPHAGY THROUGH PGC-1Α IN LPS-INDUCED MYOCARDIAL INJURY. Shock 2023; 60:227-237. [PMID: 37249064 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT As a multifunctional protein, nucleolin can participate in a variety of cellular processes. Nucleolin also has multiple protective effects on heart disease. Previous studies have shown that nucleolin could not only resist oxidative stress damage and inflammatory damage, but also regulate autophagy to play a protective role in cardiac ischemia. However, the specific mechanism has not been fully elucidated in LPS-induced myocardial injury. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the underlying mechanism by which nucleolin regulates autophagy to protect against LPS-induced myocardial injury in vivo and in vitro . In our study, we found that nucleolin could bind to PGC-1α, and we predicted that this interaction could promote autophagy and played a role in inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Downregulation of nucleolin in H9C2 cells resulted in decreased autophagy and increased cell apoptosis during LPS-induced myocardial injury, while upregulation of PGC-1α had the opposite protective effect. Upregulation of nucleolin expression in cardiomyocytes could increase the level of autophagy during LPS-induced myocardial injury. In contrast, interference with PGC-1α expression resulted in a decrease in the protective effect of nucleolin, leading to reduced autophagy and thus increasing apoptosis. By using tandem fluorescent-tagged LC3 autophagic flux detection system, we observed autophagic flux and determined that PGC-1α interference could block autophagic lysosomal progression. We further tested our hypothesis in the nucleolin cardiac-specific knockout mice. Finally, we also found that inhibition of autophagy can reduce mitochondrial biogenesis as well as increase apoptosis, which demonstrated the importance of autophagy. Therefore, we can speculate that nucleolin can protect LPS-induced myocardial injury by regulating autophagy, and this protective effect may be mediated by the interaction with PGC-1α, which can positively regulate the ULK1, an autophagy-related protein. Our study provides a new clue for the cardioprotective effect of nucleolin, and may provide new evidence for the treatment of LPS-induced myocardial injury through the regulation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pengfei Liang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Xiong SP, Sun HJ, Cao X, Wu ZY, Zhu MY, Cao L, Nie XW, Bian JS. Polysulfide Protects Against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Through Sulfhydration of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ and Sirtuin 3. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:1-17. [PMID: 36322712 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by cardiac dysfunction and heart failure. However, the effective therapy for DCM is still lacking. Polysulfide contains chains of sulfur atoms, and accumulative evidence has shown that it actively participates in mammalian physiology or pathophysiology. Nevertheless, the potential effects and mechanisms of polysulfide in DCM need further investigation. In the present study, Na2S4, a polysulfide donor, was employed to investigate the therapeutic effects of polysulfide in DCM. Results: Our results showed that Na2S4 protected cardiomyocytes against high glucose (HG)-induced cardiomyocyte injury. The pathological changes in DCM including cell death, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiac hypertrophy were improved by Na2S4 treatment. The left ventricular contractile function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice was significantly improved by Na2S4. Mechanistically, Na2S4 upregulated and sulfhydrated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and sirtuin 3 (SIRT-3) in cardiomyocytes. Suppression of PPARγ or SIRT-3 with their specific inhibitors or blockade of sulfhydration abolished the protective effects of Na2S4. Moreover, mutations of PPARγ or SIRT-3 at specific cysteines diminished the benefits of Na2S4 in HG-challenged cardiomyocytes. Innovation and Conclusion: We demonstrated that Na2S4 prevented the development of DCM via sulfhydration of both PPARγ and SIRT-3. Our results imply that polysulfide may be a potential and promising agent to treat DCM. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 1-17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Ping Xiong
- Department of Pathology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hai-Jian Sun
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhi-Yuan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Meng-Yuan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiao-Wei Nie
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Jin-Song Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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Parmar UM, Jalgaonkar MP, Kulkarni YA, Oza MJ. Autophagy-nutrient sensing pathways in diabetic complications. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106408. [PMID: 35988870 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes has been increasing in recent decades which is affecting the population of both, developed and developing countries. Diabetes is associated with micro and macrovascular complications which predominantly result from hyperglycemia and disrupted metabolic pathways. Persistent hyperglycemia leads to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, formation of misfolded and abnormal proteins, and disruption of normal cellular functioning. The inability to maintain metabolic homeostasis under excessive energy and nutrient input, which induces insulin resistance, is a crucial feature during the transition from obesity to diabetes. According to various study reports, redox alterations, intracellular stress and chronic inflammation responses have all been linked to dysregulated energy metabolism and insulin resistance. Autophagy has been considered a cleansing mechanism to prevent these anomalies and restore cellular homeostasis. However, disrupted autophagy has been linked to the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. Recent studies have reported that the regulation of autophagy has a beneficial role against these conditions. When there is plenty of food, nutrient-sensing pathways activate anabolism and storage, but the shortage of food activates homeostatic mechanisms like autophagy, which mobilises internal stockpiles. These nutrient-sensing pathways are well conserved in eukaryotes and are involved in the regulation of autophagy which includes SIRT1, mTOR and AMPK. The current review focuses on the role of SIRT1, mTOR and AMPK in regulating autophagy and suggests autophagy along with these nutrient-sensing pathways as potential therapeutic targets in reducing the progression of various diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urvi M Parmar
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Manjiri P Jalgaonkar
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Yogesh A Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Manisha J Oza
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India.
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Fu Y, Du M, Cao Z, He H. PGC-1α attenuates TNF-α-induced inflammatory responses in OCCM-30 cells. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:1024-1033. [PMID: 35903958 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator (PGC)-1α, a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism, has been associated with many inflammatory diseases. However, little is known about the function and mechanism of PGC-1α in cementoblasts under periodontitis. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of PGC-1α in immortalized cementoblast cell line OCCM-30 under TNF-α stimulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS OCCM-30 cells were cultured and exposed to TNF-α, and PGC-1α expression was assessed by Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. Chemical inhibitors targeting various signaling pathways including NF-κB, p38 MAPK, Akt, and p53 were used to identify the regulatory mechanism involved. ZLN005 was used to upregulate PGC-1α and the subsequent alteration of inflammatory cytokines expression under TNF-α stimulation were examined by qRT-PCR and Elisa. PGC-1α siRNA was employed to further verify the role of PGC-1α in inflammatory response. Dual-reporter gene assays were performed to examine the transcriptional activity of p65, and the phosphorylation level of p65 was evaluated by western blotting. Immunofluorescence assays and nuclear and cytoplasmic extractions were performed to check the nuclear translocation of p65. Coimmunoprecipitation studies were also performed to check whether there is direct binding between p65 and PGC-1α. RESULTS TNF-α suppressed PGC-1α expression in OCCM-30 cells. Blocking p38 MAPK pathways restored the expression of PGC-1α. ZLN005 can upregulate PGC-1α in OCCM-30 cells. The upregulation of PGC-1α by ZLN005 inhibited TNF-α-induced proinflammatory cytokine expression, which was impaired by the transfection of PGC-1α siRNA. Knocking down PGC-1α also partially restored the ZLN005-decreased transcriptional activity of p65. However, the phosphorylation level and nuclear translocation of p65 were not significantly affected by PGC-1α. It was found that p65 was bound to PGC-1α in OCCM-30 cells stimulated by TNF-α, and the binding was increased upon ZLN005 treatment. CONCLUSIONS PGC-1α can attenuate TNF-α-induced inflammatory responses in OCCM-30 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Fu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingyuan Du
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengguo Cao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong He
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Li Y, Wang Q, Li J, Shi B, Liu Y, Wang P. SIRT3 affects mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming via the AMPK-PGC-1α axis in the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate 2021; 81:1135-1148. [PMID: 34411320 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) has been reported to share an association with mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming. However, the molecular mechanism underlying is not well understood, especially in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to research whether SIRT3 can affect the progression of BPH via the regulation of mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming. METHODS Following the development of a rat model of BPH using testosterone propionate (TP), we extracted prostate tissues from sham-operated and BPH rats. Subsequently, bioinformatics prediction was used to screen the genes differentially expressed in BPH. To verify the role played by SIRT3 in BPH, we injected AAV9-SIRT3 into rats, followed by TP treatment. Prostate epithelial cells (PEC) were treated with TP to assess the mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial membrane potential, and expression of enzymes related to the oxidative phosphorylation pathway after SIRT3 expression alteration. Finally, we examined the expression of AMPK-PGC-1α pathway in tissues and cells. RESULTS SIRT3 was reduced in the prostate tissues of BPH rats. After overexpression of SIRT3, mitochondrial morphology was more stable in prostate tissues of BPH rats and in TP-treated PEC, with significant increases in mitochondrial membrane potential and in the expression of oxidative phosphorylation-related enzymes in the cytoplasm. Moreover, SIRT3 significantly activated the AMPK-PGC-1α signaling pathway, which maintained the stability of mitochondrial membrane potential as well as mitochondrial structure, thus alleviating the symptoms of BPH. CONCLUSION SIRT3 maintained the stability of mitochondrial membrane potential as well as mitochondrial structure by activating the AMPK-PGC-1α pathway, thereby alleviating the symptoms of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhi Li
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jingyu Li
- Department of Urology, Dandong Central Hospital, Dandong, Liaoning, China
| | - Benkang Shi
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yili Liu
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Dewanjee S, Vallamkondu J, Kalra RS, John A, Reddy PH, Kandimalla R. Autophagy in the diabetic heart: A potential pharmacotherapeutic target in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 68:101338. [PMID: 33838320 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Association of diabetes with an elevated risk of cardiac failure has been clinically evident. Diabetes potentiates diastolic and systolic cardiac failure following the myocardial infarction that produces the cardiac muscle-specific microvascular complication, clinically termed as diabetic cardiomyopathy. Elevated susceptibility of diabetic cardiomyopathy is primarily caused by the generation of free radicals in the hyperglycemic milieu, compromising the myocardial contractility and normal cardiac functions with increasing redox insult, impaired mitochondria, damaged organelles, apoptosis, and cardiomyocytes fibrosis. Autophagy is essentially involved in the recycling/clearing the damaged organelles, cytoplasmic contents, and aggregates, which are frequently produced in cardiomyocytes. Although autophagy plays a vital role in maintaining the cellular homeostasis in diligent cardiac tissues, this process is frequently impaired in the diabetic heart. Given its clinical significance, accumulating evidence largely showed the functional aspects of autophagy in diabetic cardiomyopathy, elucidating its intricate protective and pathogenic outcomes. However, etiology and molecular readouts of these contrary autophagy activities in diabetic cardiomyopathy are not yet comprehensively assessed and translated. In this review, we attempted to assess the role of autophagy and its adaptations in the diabetic heart. To delineate the molecular consequences of these events, we provided detailed insights into the autophagy regulation pieces of machinery including the mTOR/AMPK, TFEB/ZNSCAN3, FOXOs, SIRTs, PINK1/Parkin, Nrf2, miRNAs, and others in the diabetic cardiomyopathy. Given the clinical significance of autophagy in the diabetic heart, we further discussed the potential pharmacotherapeutic strategies towards targeting autophagy. Taken together, the present report meticulously assessed autophagy, its adaptations, and molecular regulations in diabetic cardiomyopathy and reviewed the current autophagy-targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | | | - Rajkumar Singh Kalra
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, 305 8565, Japan.
| | - Albin John
- Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Neurology, Departments of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, 506007, Telangana, India; Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 50000, Telangana, India.
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Suppression of PGC-1α Drives Metabolic Dysfunction in TGFβ2-Induced EMT of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094701. [PMID: 33946753 PMCID: PMC8124188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PGC-1α, a key orchestrator of mitochondrial metabolism, plays a crucial role in governing the energetically demanding needs of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE). We previously showed that silencing PGC-1α induced RPE to undergo an epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT). Here, we show that induction of EMT in RPE using transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGFβ2) suppressed PGC-1α expression. Correspondingly, TGFβ2 induced defects in mitochondrial network integrity with increased sphericity and fragmentation. TGFβ2 reduced expression of genes regulating mitochondrial dynamics, reduced citrate synthase activity and intracellular ATP content. High-resolution respirometry showed that TGFβ2 reduced mitochondrial OXPHOS levels consistent with reduced expression of NDUFB5. The reduced mitochondrial respiration was associated with a compensatory increase in glycolytic reserve, glucose uptake and gene expression of glycolytic enzymes (PFKFB3, PKM2, LDHA). Treatment with ZLN005, a selective small molecule activator of PGC-1α, blocked TGFβ2-induced upregulation of mesenchymal genes (αSMA, Snai1, CTGF, COL1A1) and TGFβ2-induced migration using the scratch wound assay. Our data show that EMT is accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction and a metabolic shift towards reduced OXPHOS and increased glycolysis that may be driven by PGC-1α suppression. ZLN005 effectively blocks EMT in RPE and thus serves as a novel therapeutic avenue for treatment of subretinal fibrosis.
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Li J, Li Y, Chen L, Yu B, Xue Y, Guo R, Su J, Liu Y, Sun L. p53/PGC‑1α‑mediated mitochondrial dysfunction promotes PC3 prostate cancer cell apoptosis. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:155-164. [PMID: 32377739 PMCID: PMC7248533 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Data for p53 mutation in prostate cancer in The Cancer Genome Atlas database revealed that >85% of p53 mutations occurred in the p53 DNA binding domain. These mutations not only severely damage the function of the p53 protein, but also reduce the disease-free survival of patients. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) is involved in the regulation of mitochondrial function and is highly expressed in prostate cancer PC3 and DU145 cells with p53 deletion or mutation. However, whether p53 negatively regulates PGC-1α in prostate cancer cells remains to be elucidated. In the present study, p53 overexpression was induced in prostate cancer PC3 cells. Subsequently, the expression levels of PGC-1α and alterations to mitochondrial function were assessed. Moreover, PGC-1α was activated in prostate cancer PC3 cells using ZLN005 to investigate alterations to mitochondrial function and cell apoptosis. The present study revealed that p53 decreased the expression and nuclear localization of the PGC-1α protein and induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Activation of PGC-1α partially reversed p53-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. Inhibition of the p53/PGC-1α pathway on mitochondrial biogenesis and fission-/fusion-associated gene and protein expression were associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. p53/PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction promoted apoptosis of PC3 prostate cancer cells. The results indicated that PGC-1α is an essential target of p53-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells and indicated that targeting PGC-1α may provide a new therapeutic strategy for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuling Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yany Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Lanlan Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Bingbing Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Xue
- Department of Pathophysiology, Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jing Su
- Department of Pathophysiology, Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Liankun Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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11
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Liu Y, Bai H, Guo F, Thai PN, Luo X, Zhang P, Yang C, Feng X, Zhu D, Guo J, Liang P, Xu Z, Yang H, Lu X. PGC-1α activator ZLN005 promotes maturation of cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:7411-7430. [PMID: 32343674 PMCID: PMC7202542 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) have great potential in biomedical applications. However, the immature state of cardiomyocytes obtained using existing protocols limits the application of hPSC-CMs. Unlike adult cardiac myocytes, hPSC-CMs generate ATP through an immature metabolic pathway—aerobic glycolysis, instead of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Hence, metabolic switching is critical for functional maturation in hPSC-CMs. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) is a key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism, which may help promote cardiac maturation during development. In this study, we investigated the effects of PGC-1α and its activator ZLN005 on the maturation of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (hESC-CM). hESC-CMs were generated using a chemically defined differentiation protocol and supplemented with either ZLN005 or DMSO (control) on differentiating days 10 to 12. Biological assays were then performed around day 30. ZLN005 treatment upregulated the expressions of PGC-1α and mitochondrial function-related genes in hESC-CMs and induced more mature energy metabolism compared with the control group. In addition, ZLN005 treatment increased cell sarcomere length, improved cell calcium handling, and enhanced intercellular connectivity. These findings support an effective approach to promote hESC-CM maturation, which is critical for the application of hESC-CM in disease modeling, drug screening, and engineering cardiac tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Liu
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huajun Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengfeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Phung N Thai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Xiaoling Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunli Yang
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Feng
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ping Liang
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhice Xu
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huangtian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS, Shanghai, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, CAS, Beijing, China
| | - Xiyuan Lu
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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12
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Vaccarin Regulates Diabetic Chronic Wound Healing through FOXP2/AGGF1 Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061966. [PMID: 32183046 PMCID: PMC7139532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a growing global health issue nearly across the world. Diabetic patients who are prone to develop diabetes-related complications often exhibit progressive neuropathy (painless and sensory loss). It is usual for small wounds to progress to ulceration, which especially worsens with peripheral arterial disease and in the presence of anaerobic bacteria, culminating into gangrene. In our study, vaccarin (VAC), the main active monomer extracted from Chinese herb vaccariae semen, is proven to have a role in promoting diabetic chronic wound healing through a cytoprotective role under high glucose conditions. Materials and methods: We constructed a pressure ulcer on both VAC-treated and control mice based on a type 1 diabetes (T1DM) model. The wound healing index was evaluated by an experimental wound assessment tool (EWAT). We also determined the effect of VAC on the proliferation and cell migration of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) by a cell counting kit (CCK-8), a scratch and transwell assay. Results: The results demonstrated that VAC could promote the proliferation and migration of high glucose-stimulated HMEC-1 cells, which depend on the activation of FOXP2/AGGF1. Activation of the angiogenic factor with G patch and FHA domains 1 (AGGF1) caused enhanced phosphorylation of serine/threonine kinase (Akt) and extracellular regulated protein kinases (Erk1/2). By silencing the expression of forkhead box p2 (FOXP2) protein by siRNA, both mRNA and protein expression of AGGF1 were downregulated, leading to a decreased proliferation and migration of HMEC-1 cells. In addition, a diabetic chronic wound model in vivo unveiled that VAC had a positive effect on chronic wound healing, which involved the activation of the above-mentioned pathways. Conclusions: In summary, our study found that VAC promoted chronic wound healing in T1DM mice by activating the FOXP2/AGGF1 pathway, indicating that VAC may be a promising candidate for the treatment of the chronic wounds of diabetic patients.
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13
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Xiao W, Xiong Z, Xiong W, Yuan C, Xiao H, Ruan H, Song Z, Wang C, Bao L, Cao Q, Wang K, Cheng G, Xu T, Tong J, Zhou L, Hu W, Ru Z, Liu D, Yang H, Zhang X, Chen K. Melatonin/PGC1A/UCP1 promotes tumor slimming and represses tumor progression by initiating autophagy and lipid browning. J Pineal Res 2019; 67:e12607. [PMID: 31469445 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic adaptations are emerging hallmarks of cancer progression and cellular transformation. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a metabolic disease defined histologically by lipid accumulation and lipid storage, which promote tumor cell survival; however, the significance of eliminating the lipid remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that melatonin activates transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1A (PGC1A) and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-dependent lipid autophagy and a lipid browning program to elicit a catabolic state called "tumor slimming," thus suppressing tumor progression. Metabolic coregulator data analysis revealed that PGC1A expression was decreased in ccRCC tissues versus normal tissues, and poor patient outcome was associated with lower expression of PGC1A in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA-KIRC). PGC1A was downregulated in ccRCC and associated with disease progression. Restoration of PGC1A expression by melatonin in ccRCC cells significantly repressed tumor progression and eliminated the abnormal lipid deposits. Furthermore, a phenomenon called "tumor slimming" was observed, in which tumor cell volume was reduced and lipid droplets transformed into tiny pieces. Additional studies indicated that melatonin promoted "tumor slimming" and suppressed ccRCC progression through PGC1A/UCP1-mediated autophagy and lipid browning. During this process, autophagy and lipid browning eliminate lipid deposits without providing energy. These studies demonstrate that the novel "tumor slimming" pathway mediated by melatonin/PGC1A/UCP1 exhibits prognostic potential in ccRCC, thus revealing the significance of monitoring and manipulating this pathway for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xiao
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyong Xiong
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Changfei Yuan
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haibing Xiao
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hailong Ruan
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengshuai Song
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Bao
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Cao
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Keshan Wang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianbo Xu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junwei Tong
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijie Zhou
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjun Hu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zeyuan Ru
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongmei Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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14
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Lee G, Uddin MJ, Kim Y, Ko M, Yu I, Ha H. PGC-1α, a potential therapeutic target against kidney aging. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12994. [PMID: 31313501 PMCID: PMC6718532 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is defined as changes in an organism over time. The proportion of the aged population is markedly increasing worldwide. The kidney, as an essential organ with a high energy requirement, is one of the most susceptible organs to aging. It is involved in glucose metabolism via gluconeogenesis, glucose filtration and reabsorption, and glucose utilization. Proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) depend on lipid metabolism to meet the high demand for ATP. Recent studies have shown that aging‐related kidney dysfunction is highly associated with metabolic changes in the kidney. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator‐1 alpha (PGC‐1α), a transcriptional coactivator, plays a major role in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, peroxisomal biogenesis, and glucose and lipid metabolism. PGC‐1α is abundant in tissues, including kidney PTECs, which demand high energy. Many in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that the activation of PGC‐1α by genetic or pharmacological intervention prevents telomere shortening and aging‐related changes in the skeletal muscle, heart, and brain. The activation of PGC‐1α can also prevent kidney dysfunction in various kidney diseases. Therefore, a better understanding of the effect of PGC‐1α activation in various organs on aging and kidney diseases may unveil a potential therapeutic strategy against kidney aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayoung Lee
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea
- College of Pharmacy Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea
| | - Md Jamal Uddin
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea
- College of Pharmacy Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea
| | - Yoojeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea
| | - Minji Ko
- College of Pharmacy Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea
| | - Inyoung Yu
- College of Pharmacy Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea
| | - Hunjoo Ha
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea
- College of Pharmacy Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea
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15
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Miller KN, Clark JP, Anderson RM. Mitochondrial regulator PGC-1a-Modulating the modulator. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 5:37-44. [PMID: 31406949 DOI: 10.1016/j.coemr.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1a) is a central regulator of metabolism that is poised at the intersection of myriad intracellular signaling pathways. In this brief update, we discuss regulation of PGC-1a at multiple levels, including transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational modifications. We discuss recently identified small molecule effectors of PGC-1a that offer translational potential and promise new insight into PGC-1a biology. We highlight novel mechanistic insights relating to PGC-1a's interactions with RNA to enhance transcription and potentially influence transcript processing. Finally, we place these exciting new data in the context of aging biology, offering PGC-1a as a candidate target with terrific potential in anti-aging interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl N Miller
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Josef P Clark
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
| | - Rozalyn M Anderson
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.,GRECC, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison WI, USA
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16
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Pharmaceutical Induction of PGC-1 α Promotes Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Metabolism and Protects against Oxidative Damage. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:9248640. [PMID: 30524663 PMCID: PMC6247391 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9248640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) dysfunction due to accumulation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage is a key event in the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Here, we examine the therapeutic potential of ZLN005, a selective PGC-1α transcriptional regulator, in protecting RPE from cytotoxic oxidative damage. Gene expression analysis on ARPE-19 cells treated with ZLN005 shows robust upregulation of PGC-1α and its associated transcription factors, antioxidant enzymes, and mitochondrial genes. Energetic profiling shows that ZLN005 treatment enhances RPE mitochondrial function by increasing basal and maximal respiration rates, and spare respiratory capacity. In addition, ZLN005 robustly protects ARPE-19 cells from cell death caused by H2O2, ox-LDL, and NaIO3 without exhibiting any cytotoxicity under basal conditions. ZLN005 protection against H2O2-mediated cell death was lost in PGC-1α-silenced cells. Our data indicates that ZLN005 efficiently protects RPE cells from oxidative damage through selective induction of PGC-1α and its target antioxidant enzymes. ZLN005 may serve as a novel therapeutic agent for retinal diseases associated with RPE dystrophies.
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17
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Sun W, Nguyen KD, Fitch WL, Banister SD, Tang H, Zhang X, Yu L, Engleman EG, Rajadas J. In vitro and in vivo metabolite identification of a novel benzimidazole compound ZLN005 by LC-MS/MS. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:480-488. [PMID: 29334584 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE A novel benzimidazole compound ZLN005 was previously identified as a transcriptional activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) in certain metabolic tissues. Upregulation of PGC-1α by ZLN005 has been shown to have beneficial effect in a diabetic mouse model and in a coronary artery disease model in vitro. ZLN005 could also have therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative diseases involving down-regulation of PGC-1α. Given the phenotypic efficacy of ZLN005 in several animal models of human disease, its metabolic profile was investigated to guide the development of novel therapeutics using ZLN005 as the lead compound. METHODS ZLN005 was incubated with both rat and human liver microsomes and S9 fractions to identify in vitro metabolites. Urine from rats dosed with ZLN005 was used to identify in vivo metabolites. Extracted metabolites were analyzed by LC-MS/MS using a hybrid linear ion trap triple quadrupole mass spectrometer under full scan, enhanced product ion scan, neutral loss scan and precursor scan modes. Metabolites in plasma and brain of ZLN005-treated rats were also profiled using multiple reaction monitoring. RESULTS Identified in vitro transformations of ZLN005 include mono- and dihydroxylation, further oxidation to carboxylic acids, and mono-O-glucuronide and sulfate conjugation to hydroxy ZLN005 as well as glutathione conjugation. Identified in vivo metabolites are mainly glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of dihydroxyl, carboxyl, and hydroxy acid of the parent compound. The parent compound as well as several major phase I metabolites were found in rat plasma and brain. CONCLUSIONS Using both in vitro and in vivo methods, we elucidated the metabolic pathway of ZLN005. Phase I metabolites with hydroxylation and carboxylation, as well as phase II metabolites with glucuronide, sulfate and glutathione conjugation, were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Sun
- Biomaterials and Advance Drug Delivery Lab, School of Medicine, Stanford University, USA
| | - Khoa Dinh Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, USA
| | - William L Fitch
- Biomaterials and Advance Drug Delivery Lab, School of Medicine, Stanford University, USA
| | - Samuel D Banister
- Medicinal Chemistry Knowledge Center, ChEM-H, Stanford University, USA
| | - Hongxiang Tang
- Biomaterials and Advance Drug Delivery Lab, School of Medicine, Stanford University, USA
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- Biomaterials and Advance Drug Delivery Lab, School of Medicine, Stanford University, USA
| | - Lewis Yu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, USA
| | - Edgar G Engleman
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, USA
| | - Jayakumar Rajadas
- Biomaterials and Advance Drug Delivery Lab, School of Medicine, Stanford University, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco
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18
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The PGC-1α Activator ZLN005 Ameliorates Ischemia-Induced Neuronal Injury In Vitro and In Vivo. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 38:929-939. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0567-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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19
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Kadlec AO, Chabowski DS, Ait-Aissa K, Hockenberry JC, Otterson MF, Durand MJ, Freed JK, Beyer AM, Gutterman DD. PGC-1α (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Coactivator 1-α) Overexpression in Coronary Artery Disease Recruits NO and Hydrogen Peroxide During Flow-Mediated Dilation and Protects Against Increased Intraluminal Pressure. Hypertension 2017; 70:166-173. [PMID: 28533333 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.09289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Blood flow through healthy human vessels releases NO to produce vasodilation, whereas in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), the mediator of dilation transitions to mitochondria-derived hydrogen peroxide (mtH2O2). Excessive mtH2O2 production contributes to a proatherosclerotic vascular milieu. Loss of PGC-1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α) is implicated in the pathogenesis of CAD. We hypothesized that PGC-1α suppresses mtH2O2 production to reestablish NO-mediated dilation in isolated vessels from patients with CAD. Isolated human adipose arterioles were cannulated, and changes in lumen diameter in response to graded increases in flow were recorded in the presence of PEG (polyethylene glycol)-catalase (H2O2 scavenger) or L-NAME (NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester; NOS inhibitor). In contrast to the exclusively NO- or H2O2-mediated dilation seen in either non-CAD or CAD conditions, respectively, flow-mediated dilation in CAD vessels was sensitive to both L-NAME and PEG-catalase after PGC-1α upregulation using ZLN005 and α-lipoic acid. PGC-1α overexpression in CAD vessels protected against the vascular dysfunction induced by an acute increase in intraluminal pressure. In contrast, downregulation of PGC-1α in non-CAD vessels produces a CAD-like phenotype characterized by mtH2O2-mediated dilation (no contribution of NO). Loss of PGC-1α may contribute to the shift toward the mtH2O2-mediated dilation observed in vessels from subjects with CAD. Strategies to boost PGC-1α levels may provide a therapeutic option in patients with CAD by shifting away from mtH2O2-mediated dilation, increasing NO bioavailability, and reducing levels of mtH2O2 Furthermore, increased expression of PGC-1α allows for simultaneous contributions of both NO and H2O2 to flow-mediated dilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew O Kadlec
- From the Department of Physiology (A.O.K., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (D.S.C., K.A.-A., J.C.H., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Cardiovascular Center (A.O.K., D.S.C., K.A.-A., J.C.H., M.J.D., J.K.F., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (M.J.D.), Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery (M.F.O.), and Department of Anesthesiology (J.K.F.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Dawid S Chabowski
- From the Department of Physiology (A.O.K., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (D.S.C., K.A.-A., J.C.H., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Cardiovascular Center (A.O.K., D.S.C., K.A.-A., J.C.H., M.J.D., J.K.F., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (M.J.D.), Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery (M.F.O.), and Department of Anesthesiology (J.K.F.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Karima Ait-Aissa
- From the Department of Physiology (A.O.K., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (D.S.C., K.A.-A., J.C.H., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Cardiovascular Center (A.O.K., D.S.C., K.A.-A., J.C.H., M.J.D., J.K.F., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (M.J.D.), Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery (M.F.O.), and Department of Anesthesiology (J.K.F.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Joseph C Hockenberry
- From the Department of Physiology (A.O.K., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (D.S.C., K.A.-A., J.C.H., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Cardiovascular Center (A.O.K., D.S.C., K.A.-A., J.C.H., M.J.D., J.K.F., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (M.J.D.), Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery (M.F.O.), and Department of Anesthesiology (J.K.F.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Mary F Otterson
- From the Department of Physiology (A.O.K., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (D.S.C., K.A.-A., J.C.H., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Cardiovascular Center (A.O.K., D.S.C., K.A.-A., J.C.H., M.J.D., J.K.F., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (M.J.D.), Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery (M.F.O.), and Department of Anesthesiology (J.K.F.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Matthew J Durand
- From the Department of Physiology (A.O.K., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (D.S.C., K.A.-A., J.C.H., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Cardiovascular Center (A.O.K., D.S.C., K.A.-A., J.C.H., M.J.D., J.K.F., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (M.J.D.), Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery (M.F.O.), and Department of Anesthesiology (J.K.F.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Julie K Freed
- From the Department of Physiology (A.O.K., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (D.S.C., K.A.-A., J.C.H., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Cardiovascular Center (A.O.K., D.S.C., K.A.-A., J.C.H., M.J.D., J.K.F., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (M.J.D.), Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery (M.F.O.), and Department of Anesthesiology (J.K.F.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Andreas M Beyer
- From the Department of Physiology (A.O.K., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (D.S.C., K.A.-A., J.C.H., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Cardiovascular Center (A.O.K., D.S.C., K.A.-A., J.C.H., M.J.D., J.K.F., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (M.J.D.), Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery (M.F.O.), and Department of Anesthesiology (J.K.F.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - David D Gutterman
- From the Department of Physiology (A.O.K., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (D.S.C., K.A.-A., J.C.H., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Cardiovascular Center (A.O.K., D.S.C., K.A.-A., J.C.H., M.J.D., J.K.F., A.M.B., D.D.G.), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (M.J.D.), Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery (M.F.O.), and Department of Anesthesiology (J.K.F.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.
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20
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Sinha RA, Singh BK, Yen PM. Reciprocal Crosstalk Between Autophagic and Endocrine Signaling in Metabolic Homeostasis. Endocr Rev 2017; 38:69-102. [PMID: 27901588 DOI: 10.1210/er.2016-1103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular quality control and energy-providing process that is under strict control by intra- and extracellular stimuli. Recently, there has been an exponential increase in autophagy research and its implications for mammalian physiology. Autophagy deregulation is now being implicated in many human diseases, and its modulation has shown promising results in several preclinical studies. However, despite the initial discovery of autophagy as a hormone-regulated process by De Duve in the early 1960s, endocrine regulation of autophagy still remains poorly understood. In this review, we provide a critical summary of our present understanding of the basic mechanism of autophagy, its regulation by endocrine hormones, and its contribution to endocrine and metabolic homeostasis under physiological and pathological settings. Understanding the cross-regulation of hormones and autophagy on endocrine cell signaling and function will provide new insight into mammalian physiology as well as promote the development of new therapeutic strategies involving modulation of autophagy in endocrine and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit A Sinha
- Program of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School Singapore, Singapore 169016
| | - Brijesh K Singh
- Program of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School Singapore, Singapore 169016
| | - Paul M Yen
- Program of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School Singapore, Singapore 169016
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21
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Wang F, Jia J, Rodrigues B. Autophagy, Metabolic Disease, and Pathogenesis of Heart Dysfunction. Can J Cardiol 2017; 33:850-859. [PMID: 28389131 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In normal physiology, autophagy is recognized as a protective housekeeping mechanism that enables elimination of unhealthy organelles, protein aggregates, and invading pathogens, as well as recycling cell components and producing new building blocks and energy for cellular renovation and homeostasis. However, overactive or depressed autophagy is often associated with the pathogenesis of multiple disorders, including cardiac disease. During metabolic disorders, such as diabetes and obesity, dysregulation of autophagy frequently leads to cell death, cardiomyopathy, and cardiac dysfunction. In this article, we summarize the current understanding of autophagy-its classification, progression, and regulation; its roles in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions; and the balance between autophagy and apoptosis. We also explore how dysregulation of autophagy leads to cell death in models of metabolic disease and its contributing factors-including nutrient state, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, insulin inefficiency, and oxidative stress-and outline some recent efforts to restore normal autophagy in pathophysiological states. This information could provide potential targets for the prevention of, or intervention in, cardiac failure in metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulong Wang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Jia
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brian Rodrigues
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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22
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Hao Y, Lu Q, Yang G, Ma A. Lin28a protects against postinfarction myocardial remodeling and dysfunction through Sirt1 activation and autophagy enhancement. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 479:833-840. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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