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Carvajal P, Zoroquiain P. PRAME/MELAN-A double immunostaining as a diagnostic tool for conjunctival melanocytic lesions: A South American experience. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 250:154776. [PMID: 37696245 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION PRAME (PReferentially expressed Antigen in Melanoma) is an antigen that is predominantly expressed in human melanomas. In cutaneous melanocytic lesions, PRAME expression is associated with malignancy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the co-expression of PRAME and Melan A to evaluate their diagnostic value in different conjunctival melanocytic lesions (CML). METHODS 37 CML (23 nevi, 9 primary acquired melanosis (PAM), and 5 conjunctival melanomas) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry for PRAME and Melan-A. The percentage of melanocytic cells co-expressing PRAME and Melan-A was qualitatively evaluated as follows: negative, 0%; 1 + , 1-25%; 2 + , 26-50%; 3 + , 51-75% and 4 + , ≥ 76%. RESULTS Of the invasive melanoma cases, 80% showed a 4 + pattern of marking, whereas 20% showed a 3 + pattern. 11% of the PAMs showed a 4 + pattern and 88.9% showed a 1 + pattern. All the nevi showed a 1 + pattern. The sensitivity and specificity of PRAME 4 + for differentiating high-grade CML from the benign and low-grade grouped CML are 93% and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSION PRAME/MELAN-A double immunostain is particularly useful to differentiate benign from malignant conjunctival melanocytic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Carvajal
- Pathology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Pablo Zoroquiain
- Pathology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.
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Antony F, Kang X, Pundkar C, Wang C, Mishra A, Chen P, Babu RJ, Suryawanshi A. Targeting β-catenin using XAV939 nanoparticle promotes immunogenic cell death and suppresses conjunctival melanoma progression. Int J Pharm 2023; 640:123043. [PMID: 37172631 PMCID: PMC10399699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Many tumors dysregulate Wnt/β-catenin pathway to promote stem-cell-like phenotype, tumorigenesis, immunosuppression, and resistance to targeted cancer immunotherapies. Therefore, targeting this pathway is a promising therapeutic approach to suppress tumor progression and elicit robust anti-tumor immunity. In this study, using a nanoparticle formulation for XAV939 (XAV-Np), a tankyrase inhibitor that promotes β-catenin degradation, we investigated the effect of β-catenin inhibition on melanoma cell viability, migration, and tumor progression using a mouse model of conjunctival melanoma. XAV-Nps were uniform and displayed near-spherical morphology with size stability for upto 5 days. We show that XAV-Np treatment of mouse melanoma cells significantly suppresses cell viability, tumor cell migration, and tumor spheroid formation compared to control nanoparticle (Con-Np) or free XAV939-treated groups. Further, we demonstrate that XAV-Np promotes immunogenic cell death (ICD) of tumor cells with a significant extracellular release or expression of ICD molecules, including high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), calreticulin (CRT), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Finally, we show that local intra-tumoral delivery of XAV-Nps during conjunctival melanoma progression significantly suppresses tumor size and conjunctival melanoma progression compared to Con-Nps-treated animals. Collectively, our data suggest that selective inhibition of β-catenin in tumor cells using nanoparticle-based targeted delivery represents a novel approach to suppress tumor progression through increased tumor cell ICD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferrin Antony
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Xuejia Kang
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Chetan Pundkar
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Chuanyu Wang
- Materials Research and Education Center, Materials Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Amarjit Mishra
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Pengyu Chen
- Materials Research and Education Center, Materials Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - R Jayachandra Babu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Amol Suryawanshi
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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Milman T, Zhang Q, Ang S, Elder D, Lally SE, Shields JA, Hamershock RA, Sioufi K, Shields CL, Eagle RC. Immunohistochemical Profiling of Conjunctival Melanocytic Intraepithelial Lesions, Including SOX10, HMB45, Ki67, and P16. Am J Ophthalmol 2021; 222:148-156. [PMID: 33002486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2020.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the usefulness of melan-A, SOX10, HMB45, and p16 immunohistochemical stains in the distinction between the low-grade and high-grade conjunctival melanocytic intraepithelial lesions, either independently or as components of an immunohistochemical panel. DESIGN Retrospective observational case series. METHODS Institutional pathology records between 2014 and 2018 were searched for all patients with conjunctival melanocytic intraepithelial lesions. Biopsies without supporting clinical history or tissue available for review and immunohistochemical analysis were excluded. Clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical (p16, SOX10, HMB45, and Ki-67) findings were recorded. RESULTS Thirty-one patients underwent 47 biopsies for conjunctival melanocytic lesions between 2014 and 2018. Pathologic diagnoses were low-grade conjunctival melanocytic intraepithelial lesion (n = 18, 38%) and high-grade conjunctival melanocytic intraepithelial lesion/melanoma in situ (n = 29, 62%). The addition of melan-A and SOX10 immunohistochemical stains resulted in an upgrade of conjunctival melanocytic intraepithelial lesion from low-grade to high-grade in 2 (4%) of 47 cases. The addition of melan-A and SOX10 immunohistochemical stains did not downgrade any of the histomorphologically high-grade lesions. In a clinical-pathologic multivariable model, the parameters most predictive of high-grade melanocytic intraepithelial lesion/melanoma in situ were involvement of the caruncle (odds ratio [OR] = 19, confidence interval [CI] 1.6-212; P = .02] and p16 cytoplasmic H-score >30 (OR = 81, CI 2.7 to >999; P = .01) CONCLUSION: Although the stains for melanocytic markers melan-A and SOX10 facilitate assessment of melanocytic intraepithelial lesions, the current immunohistochemical panels have limited value in distinction between the low-grade and high-grade intraepithelial melanocytic proliferations and need to be used judiciously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Milman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pathology, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Biostatistics Consulting Core, Vickie and Jack Farber Vision Research Center, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - SuMae Ang
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Elder
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sara E Lally
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jerry A Shields
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rose A Hamershock
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Biostatistics Consulting Core, Vickie and Jack Farber Vision Research Center, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kareem Sioufi
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carol L Shields
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ralph C Eagle
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pathology, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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van Ipenburg JA, Damman J, Paridaens D, Verdijk RM. Histopathological and Molecular Features of a Conjunctival Caruncular Deep Penetrating Nevus. Ocul Oncol Pathol 2020; 6:293-296. [PMID: 33005620 DOI: 10.1159/000504966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the first presentation of a deep penetrating nevus (DPN) on the lacrimal caruncle. This lesion was seen in an 18-year-old woman presenting with hemorrhage of a long-standing pigmented mass on the caruncle. Histology showed a combined melanocytic neoplasm that consisted of two different melanocytic components. The differential diagnosis, based on histological examination, was a conventional melanocytic nevus, a Spitz nevus, or a combined melanocytic nevus. On the molecular level, one of the components revealed a mutation in the CTNNB1 gene encoding the β-catenin protein, while both components harbored a BRAF V600E mutation, without molecular features of a malignant melanocytic lesion. This presentation of a DPN of the lacrimal caruncle emphasizes the similarities of the caruncle with the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolique A van Ipenburg
- Section of Ophthalmic Pathology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Damman
- Section of Ophthalmic Pathology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dion Paridaens
- The Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert M Verdijk
- Section of Ophthalmic Pathology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,The Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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