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Peng D, Liang XF, Chai F, Feng H, Li J, Tang S, Lu K, Zhang Q. Effects of dietary carbohydrate to lipid ratios on growth, biochemical indicators, lipid metabolism, and appetite in Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:101-116. [PMID: 34997383 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-01043-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary carbohydrate to lipid (CHO:L) ratios on growth performance, body composition, serum biochemical indexes, lipid metabolism, and gene expression of central appetite regulating factors in Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi) (mean initial weight: 12.86 ± 0.10 g). Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets (fish meal, casein as main protein sources) were formulated to contain different graded CHO:L ratio diets ranging from 0.12, 0.86, 1.71, 3.29, and 7.19. Each diet was assigned to triplicate groups of 18 experimental fish. Our results revealed that final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) increased with dietary CHO:L ratio from 0.12 to 1.71 and then decreased with further increases in dietary CHO:L ratio. A two-slope broken-line regression analysis based on WGR showed that the optimal dietary CHO:L level for maximum growth performance of fish was 1.60. Crude lipid and crude protein content in the liver and glycogen concentration in the muscle and liver were significantly influenced by the dietary CHO:L ratios (P < 0.05). The lowest crude lipid content in the liver was observed in fish fed the diet with a CHO:L ratio of 1.71(P < 0.05). Dietary CHO:L ratios significantly induced the glucose concentration of serum (P < 0.05). The relative expression levels of genes involved in lipid metabolism, such as srebp1 and fas in the liver, showed a trend of first decreased and then increased with the increase of dietary CHO:L ratio levels. Appropriate CHO:L ratio in the diet can effectively reduce the accumulation of liver fat. We observed in fish fed the 1.71 CHO:L ratio diet showed higher feed intake, up-regulated mRNA expression of neuropeptide Y (npy) and agouti gene-related protein (agrp), and down-regulated mRNA expression of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (cart) and pro-opiomelanocorticoid (pomc) significantly as compared to control group. Thus, these results provide the theoretical basis for feed formulation to determine the appropriate CHO:L ratio requirement of Chinese perch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Peng
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xu-Fang Liang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Farui Chai
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hexiong Feng
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiao Li
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shulin Tang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ke Lu
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qiwei Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Jiang Q, Jiang Z, Gu S, Qian L, Li X, Gao X, Zhang X. Insights into carbohydrate metabolism from an insulin-like peptide in Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 293:113478. [PMID: 32243957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study identified an insulin-like peptide (ILP) in Macrobrachium rosenbergii termed Mr-ILP and further investigated its function through glucose injection and RNAi. With the analysis of five other glucose metabolism related genes, this study shed light on the molecular mechanism of carbohydrate metabolism in crustaceans. Mr-ILP shared the typical skeleton with six conserved cysteine and mainly expressed in neuroendocrine system. In M. rosenbergii, the elevated hemolymph glucose concentration after glucose injection returned to basal levels in short time, implying an efficient regulatory system in carbohydrate metabolism. Hyperglycemic related genes answered the elevated hemolymph glucose concentration quickly with significant decreased expression level, while Mr-ILP showed delayed response. Instead, glycolysis increased after glucose injection, which indicated glycolysis might play an important role in lowering the abnormally high glucose level. In vivo silencing of Mr-ILP, by injecting the prawns with double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) for 21 days reduced its expression by approximately 75%. Accordingly, glycogen synthase decreased and the trehalose and glycogen level in the hepatopancreas were significantly reduced, indicating the function of Mr-ILP in oligosaccharide and polysaccharide accumulation. When Mr-ILP was silenced, the expression of hyperglycemic related genes were enhanced, but the hemolymph glucose level was not elevated significantly, which might attribute to the increased glycolysis to keep a balanced glucose level in hemolymph.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Ziyan Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Shuwen Gu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Lan Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xixi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xiaojian Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
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Feng JY, Chen JX, Luo L, Lin SM, Chen YJ, Wang DS. Molecular and metabolic adaption of glucose metabolism in the red and white muscle of the omnivorous GIFT tilapia Oreochromis niloticus to a glucose load. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 277:82-89. [PMID: 30902611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In this experiment, Genetically improved farmed Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus were intraperitoneally injected with 1 g glucose/kg of body weight or saline. Red and white muscle tissues were collected at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 12 h after the glucose tolerance test (GTT) or saline injection, and the time course of changes in molecular and metabolic adaption of glucose metabolism of these two tissues were evaluated. The results showed that the expression of insulin-responsive glucose transporter 4 (glut4) was up-regulated at 4 h after the GTT in the red muscle, implying an increase of glucose uptake. However, the expression of glut4 in the white muscle did not change with glucose load. The glycolysis of red muscle in tilapia was stimulated during 2-4 h after the GTT, as the expression of hexokinase 1b (hk1b), hk2, phosphofructokinase muscle type a (pfkma) and pfkmb and the activity of HK and PFK increased. By contrast, only the expression of hk1b was up-regulated at 6 h after the GTT in the white muscle. The mRNA level of glycogen synthase 1 (gys1) and glycogen content increased at 2 and 6 h, respectively after the GTT in the red muscle, suggesting that glucose storage was provoked. However, glycogen content in the white muscle was not impacted by GTT. Lipogenesis was stimulated in the red muscle as reflected by up-regulated expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (accα) (during 2-4 h) and accβ (during 4-12 h) with GTT. In the white muscle, however, the expression of accα was not changed, and mRNA level of accβ was not up-regulated until 6 h after the GTT. Taken together, it was concluded that the glycolytic and glycogen synthesis mechanisms in the red muscle were highly regulated by an acute glucose load while those in the white muscle were less responsive to this stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yun Feng
- Institute of Three Gorges Ecological Fisheries of Chongqing, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun-Xing Chen
- Institute of Three Gorges Ecological Fisheries of Chongqing, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Luo
- Institute of Three Gorges Ecological Fisheries of Chongqing, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shi-Mei Lin
- Institute of Three Gorges Ecological Fisheries of Chongqing, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong-Jun Chen
- Institute of Three Gorges Ecological Fisheries of Chongqing, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - De-Shou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Liu D, Deng K, Sampath WWHA, Gu Z, Pan M, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Mai K. Responses of glucosensing system to glucose in Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus fed diets with different carbohydrate content. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 232:72-78. [PMID: 30872147 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A 10-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the response of glucosensing system to glucose in Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (initial body weight: 7.14 ± 0.10 g) fed diets with different carbohydrate content. Two experimental diets were designed as carbohydrate free (CF) and suitable carbohydrate (SC) supplementation, respectively. The dietary carbohydrate contents were 0.93% and 15.6%, respectively. After a 10-week feeding trial, a glucose tolerance test (GTT) was performed. Results showed that after the last meal in the feeding trial, the blood glucose of fish fed with diet CF peaked at 3 h (4.64 ± 0.29 mM), the duration of hyperglycemia was about 5 h (1-6 h). The blood glucose in SC group peaked at 9 h (3.28 ± 0.66 mM), and the duration of hyperglycemia was approximately 6 h (6-12 h). After GTT, blood glucose reached the first peak at 6 h both in the two groups, and the duration of hyperglycemia was obvious 24 h. During the 3-12 h after injection, blood glucose level in SC group was significantly higher than that in CF group. However, blood glucose level in group SC was significantly lower than that in group CF at 24 h. The blood glucose level decreased to half of the peak at 10.97 h after injection of glucose in SC group and at 27.26 h in CF group. The 6-24 h clearance ability in SC group (6.57 ± 1.68%/h) was significantly higher than that in CF group (2.81 ± 1.11%/h). Compared with CF diet, SC diet significantly increase the expression of glucosensing-related genes including glucose facilitative transporter type 2, glucokinase, inward rectifier K+ channel pore type 6.2, sulfonylurea receptor, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1b, hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4, mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2a, liver X receptor, sodium/glucose co-transporter 1, a heterodimer of type 1 receptor subunits depending on T1R2 + T1R3 in liver and intestine. Meanwhile, activities of glucokinase, pyruvate kinase and glycogen synthase in liver, and hepatic glycogen content were also increased. In conclusion, glucosensing systems in Japanese flounder are responsive to dietary carbohydrate levels, especially the suitable dietary carbohydrate level, at which the glucose tolerance capacity of Japanese flounder was improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Kangyu Deng
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - W W H A Sampath
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhixiang Gu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Mingzhu Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wenbing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wen Hai Road, Qingdao 266237, China..
| | - Kangsen Mai
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wen Hai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
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