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Palmer CS, Cherry CL, Sada-Ovalle I, Singh A, Crowe SM. Glucose Metabolism in T Cells and Monocytes: New Perspectives in HIV Pathogenesis. EBioMedicine 2016; 6:31-41. [PMID: 27211546 PMCID: PMC4856752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the immune system occurs in response to the recognition of foreign antigens and receipt of optimal stimulatory signals by immune cells, a process that requires energy. Energy is also needed to support cellular growth, differentiation, proliferation, and effector functions of immune cells. In HIV-infected individuals, persistent viral replication, together with inflammatory stimuli contributes to chronic immune activation and oxidative stress. These conditions remain even in subjects with sustained virologic suppression on antiretroviral therapy. Here we highlight recent studies demonstrating the importance of metabolic pathways, particularly those involving glucose metabolism, in differentiation and maintenance of the activation states of T cells and monocytes. We also discuss how changes in the metabolic status of these cells may contribute to ongoing immune activation and inflammation in HIV- infected persons and how this may contribute to disease progression, establishment and persistence of the HIV reservoir, and the development of co-morbidities. We provide evidence that other viruses such as Epstein-Barr and Flu virus also disrupt the metabolic machinery of their host cells. Finally, we discuss how redox signaling mediated by oxidative stress may regulate metabolic responses in T cells and monocytes during HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clovis S Palmer
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Catherine L Cherry
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Infectious Diseases Department, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Isabel Sada-Ovalle
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Centre for Infectious Disease and Research (CIDR), Indian Institute of Science, India
| | - Suzanne M Crowe
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Infectious Diseases Department, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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Ross CT, Roodgar M, Smith DG. Evolutionary distance of amino acid sequence orthologs across macaque subspecies: identifying candidate genes for SIV resistance in Chinese rhesus macaques. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123624. [PMID: 25884674 PMCID: PMC4401517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We use the Reciprocal Smallest Distance (RSD) algorithm to identify amino acid sequence orthologs in the Chinese and Indian rhesus macaque draft sequences and estimate the evolutionary distance between such orthologs. We then use GOanna to map gene function annotations and human gene identifiers to the rhesus macaque amino acid sequences. We conclude methodologically by cross-tabulating a list of amino acid orthologs with large divergence scores with a list of genes known to be involved in SIV or HIV pathogenesis. We find that many of the amino acid sequences with large evolutionary divergence scores, as calculated by the RSD algorithm, have been shown to be related to HIV pathogenesis in previous laboratory studies. Four of the strongest candidate genes for SIVmac resistance in Chinese rhesus macaques identified in this study are CDK9, CXCL12, TRIM21, and TRIM32. Additionally, ANKRD30A, CTSZ, GORASP2, GTF2H1, IL13RA1, MUC16, NMDAR1, Notch1, NT5M, PDCD5, RAD50, and TM9SF2 were identified as possible candidates, among others. We failed to find many laboratory experiments contrasting the effects of Indian and Chinese orthologs at these sites on SIVmac pathogenesis, but future comparative studies might hold fertile ground for research into the biological mechanisms underlying innate resistance to SIVmac in Chinese rhesus macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody T. Ross
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis. Davis, United States of America
- Molecular Anthropology Laboratory, University of California, Davis. Davis, United States of America
| | - Morteza Roodgar
- Molecular Anthropology Laboratory, University of California, Davis. Davis, United States of America
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis. Davis, United States of America
- Graduate Group of Comparative Pathology, University of California, Davis. Davis, United States of America
| | - David Glenn Smith
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis. Davis, United States of America
- Molecular Anthropology Laboratory, University of California, Davis. Davis, United States of America
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis. Davis, United States of America
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Young B, Squires KE, Ross LL, Santiago L, Sloan LM, Zhao HH, Wine BC, Pakes GE, Margolis DA, Shaefer, for the ARIES (EPZ108859) MS. Inflammatory biomarker changes and their correlation with Framingham cardiovascular risk and lipid changes in antiretroviral-naive HIV-infected patients treated for 144 weeks with abacavir/lamivudine/atazanavir with or without ritonavir in ARIES. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2013; 29:350-8. [PMID: 23039030 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2012.0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Propensity for developing coronary heart disease (CHD) is linked with Framingham-defined cardiovascular risk factors and elevated inflammatory biomarkers. Cardiovascular risk and inflammatory biomarkers were evaluated in ARIES, a Phase IIIb/IV clinical trial in which 515 antiretroviral-naive HIV-infected subjects initially received abacavir/lamivudine + atazanavir/ritonavir for 36 weeks. Subjects who were virologically suppressed by week 30 were randomized 1:1 at week 36 to either maintain or discontinue ritonavir for an additional 108 weeks. Framingham 10-year CHD risk scores (FRS) and risk category of <6% or ≥6%, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) (Lp-PLA(2)), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were assessed at baseline, week 84, and week 144. Biomarkers were stratified by FRS category. When ritonavir-boosted/nonboosted treatment groups were combined, median hsCRP did not change significantly between baseline (1.6 mg/liter) and week 144 (1.4 mg/liter) in subjects with FRS <6% (p=0.535) or with FRS ≥6% (1.9 mg/liter vs. 2.0 mg/liter, respectively; p=0.102). Median IL-6 was similar for subjects with FRS <6% (p=0.267) at baseline (1.6 pg/ml) and week 144 (1.4 pg/ml) and for FRS ≥6% (2.0 pg/ml vs. 2.2 pg/ml, respectively; p=0.099). Median Lp-PLA(2) decreased significantly (p<0.001) between baseline (197 nmol/min/ml) and week 144 (168 nmol/min/ml) in subjects with FRS <6% and with FRS ≥6% (238 nmol/min/ml vs. 175 nmol/min/ml, respectively; p<0.001). In conclusion, in antiretroviral-naive subjects treated with abacavir-based therapy for 144 weeks, median inflammatory biomarker levels for hsCRP and IL-6 generally remained stable with no significant difference between baseline and week 144 for subjects with either FRS <6% or FRS ≥6%. Lp-PLA(2) median values declined significantly over 144 weeks for subjects in either FRS stratum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Young
- Apex Family Medicine and Research, Denver, Colorado
- International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care, Washington, District of Columbia
| | | | - Lisa L. Ross
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | | | - Louis M. Sloan
- North Texas Infectious Diseases Consultants, Dallas, Texas
| | - Henry H. Zhao
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Brian C. Wine
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Gary E. Pakes
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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7
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Chae JI, Kim J, Lee SG, Koh MW, Jeon YJ, Kim DW, Ko SM, Seo KS, Lee HK, Choi NJ, Cho SK, Ryu J, Kang S, Lee DS, Chung HM, Koo DB. Quantitative proteomic analysis of pregnancy-related proteins from peripheral blood mononuclear cells during pregnancy in pigs. Anim Reprod Sci 2012; 134:164-76. [PMID: 22917877 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Information obtained from peripheral blood could help us understand the underlying mechanisms in autoimmune diseases, cancer, pregnancy, and other conditions. In this paper, we present the protein map of porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to better understand the molecular expression changes that occur during pregnancy using proteomic analysis. We detected 94 differentially expressed proteins in pregnant vs. non-pregnant (NP) pigs, and a representative set of the proteins was subjected to LC-MS/MS analysis. Furthermore, the identified proteins were categorized according to their biological process and molecular function. By classifying the proteins according to their functions, a large number of differentially regulated proteins involved in anti-oxidant, detoxification and stress response pathways were found, including peroxiredoxin (PRX) 1, 2, and 6, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), annexin A2, and A6, and heat shock protein 27 (HSP 27) during pregnancy (pregnancy d of E40, embryonic day 40; E70, embryonic day 70; and E93, embryonic day 93) compared with non-pregnancy. In this study, a proteomic approach utilizing 2-DE and LC-MS/MS was applied to evaluate specific molecular expression changes during pregnancy compared with non-pregnancy. Together, these data offer new information about the proteome map and factors that are differentially regulated during maintenance of normal pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Il Chae
- Department of Oral Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Dental Bioscience, BK21 Project, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Lefèvre C, Auclair M, Boccara F, Bastard JP, Capeau J, Vigouroux C, Caron-Debarle M. Premature Senescence of Vascular Cells Is Induced by HIV Protease Inhibitors. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 30:2611-20. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.213603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Objective—
To determine whether and how protease inhibitors (PIs) could affect vascular aging.
Methods and Results—
HIV therapy with PIs is associated with an increased risk of premature cardiovascular disease. The effect of ritonavir and a combination of lopinavir and ritonavir (for 30 days) on senescence, oxidative stress, and inflammation was evaluated in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs). These HCAECs were either cotreated or not cotreated with pravastatin or farnesyl transferase inhibitor (FTI)-277 or with 2 antioxidants (manganese [III] tetrakis [4-benzoic acid] porphyrin [MnTBAP] and N-acetyl cysteine). Senescence markers were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from HIV-infected patients under PI treatment. PIs induced senescence markers, prelamin A accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation in HCAECs. Senescence markers and prelamin A were also observed in PBMCs from HIV-infected patients under ritonavir-boosted PIs. Pravastatin, FTI-277, and antioxidants improved PI adverse effects in HCAECs. Senescence markers were lower in PBMCs from PI-treated patients cotreated with statins.
Conclusion—
PIs triggered premature senescence in endothelial cells by a mechanism involving prelamin A accumulation. Accordingly, circulating cells from HIV-infected patients receiving PI therapy expressed senescence markers and prelamin A. Statin was associated with improved senescence in endothelial cells and patient PBMCs. Thus, PIs might promote vascular senescence in HIV-infected patients; and statins might exert beneficial effects in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Lefèvre
- From Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Scientifique (INSERM) (C.L., M.A., F.B., J.C., C.V., and M.C.-D.), Saint Antoine Research Center, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S 938, Faculté deMédecine Saint Antoine, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) University Paris 06 (C.L., M.A., F.B., J.C., C.V., and M.C.-D.), Saint Antoine Research Center, UMR S 938, Paris, France; Assistance publique-Hopitaux de Paris (AP-HP), the Department of Cardiology (F.B.), Hopital Saint
| | - Martine Auclair
- From Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Scientifique (INSERM) (C.L., M.A., F.B., J.C., C.V., and M.C.-D.), Saint Antoine Research Center, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S 938, Faculté deMédecine Saint Antoine, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) University Paris 06 (C.L., M.A., F.B., J.C., C.V., and M.C.-D.), Saint Antoine Research Center, UMR S 938, Paris, France; Assistance publique-Hopitaux de Paris (AP-HP), the Department of Cardiology (F.B.), Hopital Saint
| | - Franck Boccara
- From Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Scientifique (INSERM) (C.L., M.A., F.B., J.C., C.V., and M.C.-D.), Saint Antoine Research Center, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S 938, Faculté deMédecine Saint Antoine, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) University Paris 06 (C.L., M.A., F.B., J.C., C.V., and M.C.-D.), Saint Antoine Research Center, UMR S 938, Paris, France; Assistance publique-Hopitaux de Paris (AP-HP), the Department of Cardiology (F.B.), Hopital Saint
| | - Jean-Philippe Bastard
- From Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Scientifique (INSERM) (C.L., M.A., F.B., J.C., C.V., and M.C.-D.), Saint Antoine Research Center, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S 938, Faculté deMédecine Saint Antoine, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) University Paris 06 (C.L., M.A., F.B., J.C., C.V., and M.C.-D.), Saint Antoine Research Center, UMR S 938, Paris, France; Assistance publique-Hopitaux de Paris (AP-HP), the Department of Cardiology (F.B.), Hopital Saint
| | - Jacqueline Capeau
- From Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Scientifique (INSERM) (C.L., M.A., F.B., J.C., C.V., and M.C.-D.), Saint Antoine Research Center, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S 938, Faculté deMédecine Saint Antoine, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) University Paris 06 (C.L., M.A., F.B., J.C., C.V., and M.C.-D.), Saint Antoine Research Center, UMR S 938, Paris, France; Assistance publique-Hopitaux de Paris (AP-HP), the Department of Cardiology (F.B.), Hopital Saint
| | - Corinne Vigouroux
- From Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Scientifique (INSERM) (C.L., M.A., F.B., J.C., C.V., and M.C.-D.), Saint Antoine Research Center, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S 938, Faculté deMédecine Saint Antoine, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) University Paris 06 (C.L., M.A., F.B., J.C., C.V., and M.C.-D.), Saint Antoine Research Center, UMR S 938, Paris, France; Assistance publique-Hopitaux de Paris (AP-HP), the Department of Cardiology (F.B.), Hopital Saint
| | - Martine Caron-Debarle
- From Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Scientifique (INSERM) (C.L., M.A., F.B., J.C., C.V., and M.C.-D.), Saint Antoine Research Center, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S 938, Faculté deMédecine Saint Antoine, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) University Paris 06 (C.L., M.A., F.B., J.C., C.V., and M.C.-D.), Saint Antoine Research Center, UMR S 938, Paris, France; Assistance publique-Hopitaux de Paris (AP-HP), the Department of Cardiology (F.B.), Hopital Saint
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