1
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Fidanza M, Hibbert J, Acton E, Harbeson D, Schoeman E, Skut P, Woodman T, Eynaud A, Hartnell L, Brook B, Cai B, Lo M, Falsafi R, Hancock REW, Chiume-Kayuni M, Lufesi N, Popescu CR, Lavoie PM, Strunk T, Currie AJ, Kollmann TR, Amenyogbe N, Lee AH. Angiogenesis-associated pathways play critical roles in neonatal sepsis outcomes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11444. [PMID: 38769383 PMCID: PMC11106288 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62195-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Neonatal sepsis is a major cause of childhood mortality. Limited diagnostic tools and mechanistic insights have hampered our abilities to develop prophylactic or therapeutic interventions. Biomarkers in human neonatal sepsis have been repeatedly identified as associated with dysregulation of angiopoietin signaling and altered arachidonic acid metabolism. We here provide the mechanistic evidence in support of the relevance for these observations. Angiopoetin-1 (Ang-1), which promotes vascular integrity, was decreased in blood plasma of human and murine septic newborns. In preclinical models, administration of Ang-1 provided prophylactic protection from septic death. Arachidonic acid metabolism appears to be functionally connected to Ang-1 via reactive oxygen species (ROS) with a direct role of nitric oxide (NO). Strengthening this intersection via oral administration of arachidonic acid and/or the NO donor L-arginine provided prophylactic as well as therapeutic protection from septic death while also increasing plasma Ang-1 levels among septic newborns. Our data highlight that targeting angiogenesis-associated pathways with interventions that increase Ang-1 activity directly or indirectly through ROS/eNOS provide promising avenues to prevent and/or treat severe neonatal sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie Hibbert
- Westfarmers Center of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Erica Acton
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Danny Harbeson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | - Tabitha Woodman
- Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Lucy Hartnell
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Byron Brook
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bing Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mandy Lo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Reza Falsafi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Robert E W Hancock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Msandeni Chiume-Kayuni
- Department of Pediatrics, Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi
- Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Norman Lufesi
- Department of Curative and Medical Rehabilitation, Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Constantin R Popescu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Pascal M Lavoie
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Tobias Strunk
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- Westfarmers Center of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- Neonatal Directorate, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Andrew J Currie
- Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Tobias R Kollmann
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia.
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
| | - Nelly Amenyogbe
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia.
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
| | - Amy H Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada.
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada.
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2
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Jin S, Lee CJ, Lim G, Park S, Lee SH, Chung JH, Oh J, Kang SM. C-reactive protein accelerates DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fission by modulating ERK1/2-YAP signaling in cardiomyocytes. BMB Rep 2023; 56:663-668. [PMID: 37817437 PMCID: PMC10761750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is an inflammatory marker and risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. However, the mechanism through which CRP induces myocardial damage remains unclear. This study aimed to determine how CRP damages cardiomyocytes via the change of mitochondrial dynamics and whether survivin, an anti-apoptotic protein, exerts a cardioprotective effect in this process. We treated H9c2 cardiomyocytes with CRP and found increased intracellular ROS production and shortened mitochondrial length. CRP treatment phosphorylated ERK1/2 and promoted increased expression, phosphorylation, and translocation of DRP1, a mitochondrial fission-related protein, from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria. The expression of mitophagy proteins PINK1 and PARK2 was also increased by CRP. YAP, a transcriptional regulator of PINK1 and PARK2, was also increased by CRP. Knockdown of YAP prevented CRP-induced increases in DRP1, PINK1, and PARK2. Furthermore, CRP-induced changes in the expression of DRP1 and increases in YAP, PINK1, and PARK2 were inhibited by ERK1/2 inhibition, suggesting that ERK1/2 signaling is involved in CRP-induced mitochondrial fission. We treated H9c2 cardiomyocytes with a recombinant TAT-survivin protein before CRP treatment, which reduced CRP-induced ROS accumulation and reduced mitochondrial fission. CRP-induced activation of ERK1/2 and increases in the expression and activity of YAP and its downstream mitochondrial proteins were inhibited by TAT-survivin. This study shows that mitochondrial fission occurs during CRPinduced cardiomyocyte damage and that the ERK1/2-YAP axis is involved in this process, and identifies that survivin alters these mechanisms to prevent CRP-induced mitochondrial damage. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(12): 663-668].
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyeon Jin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03772, Korea
| | - Chan Joo Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Gibbeum Lim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sungha Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sang-Hak Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Chung
- Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life Science, CHA University, Pocheon 11160, Korea
| | - Jaewon Oh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Seok-Min Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
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3
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Olson ME, Hornick MG, Stefanski A, Albanna HR, Gjoni A, Hall GD, Hart PC, Rajab IM, Potempa LA. A biofunctional review of C-reactive protein (CRP) as a mediator of inflammatory and immune responses: differentiating pentameric and modified CRP isoform effects. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1264383. [PMID: 37781355 PMCID: PMC10540681 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1264383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase, predominantly hepatically synthesized protein, secreted in response to cytokine signaling at sites of tissue injury or infection with the physiological function of acute pro-inflammatory response. Historically, CRP has been classified as a mediator of the innate immune system, acting as a pattern recognition receptor for phosphocholine-containing ligands. For decades, CRP was envisioned as a single, non-glycosylated, multi-subunit protein arranged non-covalently in cyclic symmetry around a central void. Over the past few years, however, CRP has been shown to exist in at least three distinct isoforms: 1.) a pentamer of five identical globular subunits (pCRP), 2.) a modified monomer (mCRP) resulting from a conformational change when subunits are dissociated from the pentamer, and 3.) a transitional isoform where the pentamer remains intact but is partially changed to express mCRP structural characteristics (referred to as pCRP* or mCRPm). The conversion of pCRP into mCRP can occur spontaneously and is observed under commonly used experimental conditions. In careful consideration of experimental design used in published reports of in vitro pro- and anti-inflammatory CRP bioactivities, we herein provide an interpretation of how distinctive CRP isoforms may have affected reported results. We argue that pro-inflammatory amplification mechanisms are consistent with the biofunction of mCRP, while weak anti-inflammatory mechanisms are consistent with pCRP. The interplay of each CRP isoform with specific immune cells (platelets, neutrophils, monocytes, endothelial cells, natural killer cells) and mechanisms of the innate immune system (complement), as well as differences in mCRP and pCRP ligand recognition and effector functions are discussed. This review will serve as a revised understanding of the structure-function relationship between CRP isoforms as related to inflammation and innate immunity mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E. Olson
- College of Science, Health and Pharmacy, Roosevelt University, Schaumburg, IL, United States
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4
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Cavalcante S, Teixeira M, Gouveia M, Duarte A, Ferreira M, Simões MI, Conceição M, Costa M, Ribeiro IP, Gonçalves AC, Oliveira J, Ribeiro F. Reaktion der endothelialen Progenitorzellen auf ein Multikomponenten-Trainingsprogramm bei Erwachsenen mit kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren. GERMAN JOURNAL OF EXERCISE AND SPORT RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12662-023-00882-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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5
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Nyamweya B, Rukshala D, Fernando N, de Silva R, Premawansa S, Handunnetti S. Cardioprotective Effects of Vitex negundo: A Review of Bioactive Extracts and Compounds. J Evid Based Integr Med 2023; 28:2515690X231176622. [PMID: 37279951 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x231176622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been accumulating interest in the application of medicinal plants as alternative medicine to treat various diseases and/or to develop modern medicines. Vitex negundo is one of such medicinal plants that has been of interest to many researchers and has been of use in traditional medicine. V. negundo is found in Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Malaysia, India, China, The Philippines and East Africa. Therapeutic properties of V. negundo have previously been reviewed. Different parts, preparations and bioactive components of V. negundo possess potential protective and therapeutic effects against cardiovascular disease and related conditions as demonstrated in previous studies. We review the present state of scientific knowledge on the potential use of V. negundo and some of its bioactive components in protecting against cardiovascular diseases and related pathologies. Previous studies in animal and non-animal experimental models, although limited in number and vary in design, seem to support the cardioprotective effect of V. negundo and some of its active components. However, there is need for further preclinical and clinical studies to validate the use of V. negundo and its active constituents in protection and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, since only a few V. negundo compounds have been evaluated, specific cardioprotective effects or mechanisms and possible side effects of other V. negundo compounds need to be extensively evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boniface Nyamweya
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Colombo 03, Sri Lanka
| | - Dilani Rukshala
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Colombo 03, Sri Lanka
| | - Narmada Fernando
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Colombo 03, Sri Lanka
| | - Rajiva de Silva
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Colombo 08, Sri Lanka
| | - Sunil Premawansa
- Departments of Zoology and Environment Sciences, University of Colombo, Colombo 03, Sri Lanka
| | - Shiroma Handunnetti
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Colombo 03, Sri Lanka
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6
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Jiang Y, Yabluchanskiy A, Deng J, Amil FA, Po SS, Dasari TW. The role of age-associated autonomic dysfunction in inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. GeroScience 2022; 44:2655-2670. [PMID: 35773441 PMCID: PMC9768093 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00616-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging of the cardiovascular regulatory function manifests as an imbalance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic (vagal) components of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The most characteristic change is sympathetic overdrive, which is manifested by an increase in the muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) burst frequency with age. Age-related changes that occur in vagal nerve activity is less clear. The resting tonic parasympathetic activity can be estimated noninvasively by measuring the increase in heart rate occurring in response to muscarinic cholinergic receptor blockade; animal study models have shown this to diminish with age. Humoral, cellular, and neural mechanisms work together to prevent non-resolving inflammation. This review focuses on the mechanisms underlying age-related alternations in the ANS and how an imbalance in the ANS, evaluated by MSNA and heart rate variability (HRV), potentially facilitates inflammation when the homeostatic mechanisms between reflex neural circuits and the immune system are compromised, particularly the dysfunction of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory reflex. Physiologically, the efferent arm of this reflex acts via the [Formula: see text] 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expressed in macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells, T cells, and endothelial cells to curb the release of inflammatory cytokines, in which inhibition of NF‑κB nuclear translocation and activation of a JAK/STAT-mediated signaling cascade in macrophages and other immune cells are implicated. This reflex is likely to become less adequate with advanced age. Consequently, a pro-inflammatory state induced by reduced vagus output with age is associated with endothelial dysfunction and may significantly contribute to the development and propagation of atherosclerosis, heart failure, and hypertension. The aim of this review is to summarize the relationship between ANS dysfunction, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction in the context of aging. Meanwhile, this review also attempts to describe the role of HRV measures as a predictor of the level of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in the aged population and explore the possible therapeutical effects of vagus nerve stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqiu Jiang
- Cardiovascular Section, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 800 SL Young Blvd, COM 5400, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jielin Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Faris A Amil
- Cardiovascular Section, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 800 SL Young Blvd, COM 5400, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Sunny S Po
- Cardiovascular Section, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 800 SL Young Blvd, COM 5400, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Heart Rhythm Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Tarun W Dasari
- Cardiovascular Section, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 800 SL Young Blvd, COM 5400, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- Heart Rhythm Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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7
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Mosquera‐Sulbaran JA, Pedreañez A, Carrero Y, Callejas D. C-reactive protein as an effector molecule in Covid-19 pathogenesis. Rev Med Virol 2021; 31:e2221. [PMID: 34773448 PMCID: PMC7995022 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The current pandemic caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 virus infection is known as Covid‐19 (coronavirus disease 2019). This disease can be asymptomatic or can affect multiple organ systems. Damage induced by the virus is related to dysfunctional activity of the immune system, but the activity of molecules such as C‐reactive protein (CRP) as a factor capable of inducing an inflammatory status that may be involved in the severe evolution of the disease, has not been extensively evaluated. A systematic review was performed using the NCBI‐PubMed database to find articles related to Covid‐19 immunity, inflammatory response, and CRP published from December 2019 to December 2020. High levels of CRP were found in patients with severe evolution of Covid‐19 in which several organ systems were affected and in patients who died. CRP activates complement, induces the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and induces apoptosis which, together with the inflammatory status during the disease, can lead to a severe outcome. Several drugs can decrease the level or block the effect of CRP and might be useful in the treatment of Covid‐19. From this review it is reasonable to conclude that CRP is a factor that can contribute to severe evolution of Covid‐19 and that the use of drugs able to lower CRP levels or block its activity should be evaluated in randomized controlled clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús A. Mosquera‐Sulbaran
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clinicas “Dr. Americo Negrette”Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad del ZuliaMaracaiboVenezuela
| | - Adriana Pedreañez
- Catedra de InmunologiaEscuela de BioanalisisFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad del ZuliaMaracaiboVenezuela
| | - Yenddy Carrero
- Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludCarrera de MedicinaUniversidad Tecnica de AmbatoAmbatoEcuador
| | - Diana Callejas
- Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludDepartamento de Ciencias BiologicasUniversidad Tecnica de ManabiPortoviejoEcuador
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8
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Veenith T, Fisher BA, Slade D, Rowe A, Sharpe R, Thickett DR, Whitehouse T, Rowland M, Scriven J, Parekh D, Bowden SJ, Savage JS, Richards D, Bion J, Kearns P, Gates S. CATALYST trial protocol: a multicentre, open-label, phase II, multiarm trial for an early and accelerated evaluation of the potential treatments for COVID-19 in hospitalised adults. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e050202. [PMID: 34764169 PMCID: PMC8587583 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Severe SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a dysregulated immune response. Inflammatory monocytes and macrophages are crucial, promoting injurious, proinflammatory sequelae. Immunomodulation is, therefore, an attractive therapeutic strategy and we sought to test licensed and novel candidate drugs. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The CATALYST trial is a multiarm, open-label, multicentre, phase II platform trial designed to identify candidate novel treatments to improve outcomes of patients hospitalised with COVID-19 compared with usual care. Treatments with evidence of biomarker improvements will be put forward for larger-scale testing by current national phase III platform trials. Hospitalised patients >16 years with a clinical picture strongly suggestive of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (confirmed by chest X-ray or CT scan, with or without a positive reverse transcription PCR assay) and a C reactive protein (CRP) ≥40 mg/L are eligible. The primary outcome measure is CRP, measured serially from admission to day 14, hospital discharge or death. Secondary outcomes include the WHO Clinical Progression Improvement Scale as a principal efficacy assessment. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The protocol was approved by the East Midlands-Nottingham 2 Research Ethics Committee (20/EM/0115) and given urgent public health status; initial approval was received on 5 May 2020, current protocol version (V.6.0) approval on 12 October 2020. The MHRA also approved all protocol versions. The results of this trial will be disseminated through national and international presentations and peer-reviewed publications. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS EudraCT2020-001684-89, ISRCTN40580903.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonny Veenith
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Benjamin A Fisher
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Daniel Slade
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Anna Rowe
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rowena Sharpe
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - David R Thickett
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tony Whitehouse
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Matthew Rowland
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James Scriven
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Dhruv Parekh
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sarah J Bowden
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Joshua S Savage
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Duncan Richards
- Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julian Bion
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Pamela Kearns
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Simon Gates
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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9
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Geyer CE, Newling M, Sritharan L, Griffith GR, Chen HJ, Baeten DLP, den Dunnen J. C-Reactive Protein Controls IL-23 Production by Human Monocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111638. [PMID: 34769069 PMCID: PMC8583945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute-phase protein in humans that is produced in high quantities by the liver upon infection and under inflammatory conditions. Although CRP is commonly used as a marker of inflammation, CRP can also directly contribute to inflammation by eliciting pro-inflammatory cytokine production by immune cells. Since CRP is highly elevated in serum under inflammatory conditions, we have studied the CRP-induced cytokine profile of human monocytes, one of the main innate immune cell populations in blood. We identified that CRP is relatively unique in its capacity to induce production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-23, which was in stark contrast to a wide panel of pattern recognition receptor (PRR) ligands. We show that CRP-induced IL-23 production was mediated at the level of gene transcription, since CRP particularly promoted gene transcription of IL23A (encoding IL-23p19) instead of IL12A (encoding IL-12p35), while PRR ligands induce the opposite response. Interestingly, when CRP stimulation was combined with PRR ligand stimulation, as for example, occurs in the context of sepsis, IL-23 production by monocytes was strongly reduced. Combined, these data identify CRP as a unique individual ligand to induce IL-23 production by monocytes, which may contribute to shaping systemic immune responses under inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara E. Geyer
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Melissa Newling
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center (ARC), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.N.); (L.S.); (D.L.P.B.)
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lathees Sritharan
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center (ARC), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.N.); (L.S.); (D.L.P.B.)
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guillermo R. Griffith
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (G.R.G.); (H.-J.C.)
| | - Hung-Jen Chen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (G.R.G.); (H.-J.C.)
| | - Dominique L. P. Baeten
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center (ARC), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.N.); (L.S.); (D.L.P.B.)
| | - Jeroen den Dunnen
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-205668043
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10
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Karampoor S, Hesamizadeh K, Shams Z, Ghafari Novin A, Farahmand M, Zahednasab H, Mirzaei R, Zamani F, Hajibaba M, Bouzari B, Laali A, Tabibzadeh A, Hadi Karbalaie Niya M, Keyvani H. The role of lovastatin in the attenuation of COVID-19. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108192. [PMID: 34607230 PMCID: PMC8461262 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The mounting evidence regarding the pathogenesis of COVID-19 indicated that the cytokine storm has an axial role in the severity of this disease, which may lead to thrombotic complications, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and myocardial damage, among other consequences. It has recently been demonstrated that statins are known to have anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, and immunomodulatory features; however, their advantage has not been evaluated in COVID-19. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of lovastatin in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with COVID-19. The case-control study consists of 284 ICU patients, which classified into three groups as follows: 1) the patients who no received lovastatin as a control (92 patients), 2) patients received 20 mg per day lovastatin (99 patients), and 3) patients received 40 mg per day lovastatin (93 patients). Each group's demographic and clinical parameters, along with CRP, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 levels, and mortality rate, were studied in three-time points. The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between our study groups in terms of age and sex. (P > 0.05). Besides, in patients, receiving lovastatin the CRP, IL-6, IL-8 levels were significantly decreased from T1 to T3 than to the control group. Our results also showed that the use of lovastatin in COVID-19 patients significantly reduced the length of hospitalization in the ICU compared with the control group. In addition, our results showed that the mortality rate in patients receiving lovastatin was lower when compared to the control group; however, this difference was not statistically significant. Since the cytokine storm is a significant factor in the pathology of SARS-CoV-2, our findings highlighted the potential use of lovastatin to mitigate the inflammatory response induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Khashayar Hesamizadeh
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Middle East Liver Diseases (MELD) Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zinat Shams
- Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arefeh Ghafari Novin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farahmand
- Department of Medical Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Zahednasab
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Mirzaei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Farhad Zamani
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Hajibaba
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Bouzari
- Department of Pathology, Firouzgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Laali
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Firoozgar General Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Tabibzadeh
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Keyvani
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Clinically relevant high levels of human C-reactive protein induces endothelial dysfunction and hypertension by inhibiting the AMPK-eNOS axis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 134:1805-1819. [PMID: 32639009 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Successful treatment of resistant hypertension accompanied by elevated human C-reactive protein (hCRP) remains a key challenge in reducing the burden of cardiovascular diseases. It is still unclear whether clinically relevant high-level hCRP is merely a marker or a key driver of hypertension. Here, we investigated the role and mechanism of clinically relevant high level of hCRP in hypertension. Elevated blood pressure was observed in all three hCRP overexpression models, including adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)-transfected mice, AAV9-transfected rats and hCRP transgenic (hCRPtg) rats. hCRPtg rats expressing clinically relevant high-level hCRP developed spontaneous hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis and impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation. Mechanistically, studies in endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) knockout mice transfected with AAV9-hCRP and phosphoproteomics analysis of hCRP-treated endothelial cells revealed that hCRP inhibited AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-eNOS phosphorylation pathway. Further, activation of AMPK by metformin normalized endothelial-dependent vasodilation and decreased the blood pressure of hCRPtg rats. Our results show that clinically relevant high-level hCRP induces hypertension and endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting AMPK-eNOS signaling, and highlight hCRP is not only an inflammatory biomarker but also a driver of hypertension. Treatment with metformin or a synthetic AMPK activator may be a potential strategy for vaso-dysfunction and hypertension in patients with high hCRP levels.
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12
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Bock C, Vogt B, Mattecka S, Yapici G, Brunner P, Fimpel S, Unger JK, Sheriff A. C-Reactive Protein Causes Blood Pressure Drop in Rabbits and Induces Intracellular Calcium Signaling. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1978. [PMID: 32983135 PMCID: PMC7483553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic diseases characterized by elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), such as sepsis or systemic inflammatory response syndrome, are usually associated with hardly controllable haemodynamic instability. We therefore investigated whether CRP itself influences blood pressure and heart rate. Immediately after intravenous injection of purified human CRP (3.5 mg CRP/kg body weight) into anesthetized rabbits, blood pressure dropped critically in all animals, while control animals injected with bovine serum albumin showed no response. Heart rate did not change in either group. Approaching this impact on a cellular level, we investigated the effect of CRP in cell lines expressing adrenoceptors (CHO-α1A and DU-145). CRP caused a Ca2+ signaling being dependent on the CRP dose. After complete activation of the adrenoceptors by agonists, CRP caused additional intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. We assume that CRP interacts with hitherto unknown structures on the surface of vital cells and thus interferes with the desensitization of adrenoceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Bock
- Division of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Department, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgit Vogt
- Division of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Department, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Mattecka
- Division of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Department, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gülcan Yapici
- Division of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Department, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Juliane K Unger
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ahmed Sheriff
- Division of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Department, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Medical Department, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Protein Compositions Changes of Circulating Microparticles in Patients With Valvular Heart Disease Subjected to Cardiac Surgery Contribute to Systemic Inflammatory Response and Disorder of Coagulation. Shock 2020; 52:487-496. [PMID: 30601407 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that circulating microparticles (MPs) from patients with valvular heart diseases (VHD) subjected to cardiac surgery impaired endothelial function and vasodilation. However, it is unknown whether or not the protein composition of these circulating MPs actually changes in response to the disease and the surgery. Circulating MPs were isolated from age-matched control subjects (n = 50) and patients (n = 50) with VHD before and 72 h after cardiac surgery. Proteomics study was performed by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry combined with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification technique. The differential proteins were identified by ProteinPilot, some of which were validated by Western blotting. Bio-informatic analysis of differential proteins was carried out. A total of 849 proteins were identified and 453 proteins were found in all three groups. Meanwhile, 165, 39, and 80 proteins were unique in the control, pre-operation, and postoperation groups respectively. The unique proteins were different in localization, molecular function, and biological process. The pro-inflammatory proteins were increased in VHD patients and more so postoperatively. Proteins related to coagulation were dramatically changed before and after surgery. The protein composition of circulating MPs was changed in patients with VHD undergoing cardiac surgery, which may lead to activation of the systemic inflammatory response and disorders of coagulation.
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14
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Impaired l-arginine-nitric oxide pathway contributes to the pathogenesis of resistant hypertension. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 133:2061-2067. [PMID: 31654065 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The precise mechanisms underlying resistant hypertension remain elusive. Reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is frequently documented in chronic kidney disease, obesity, diabetes and advanced age, all of which are risk factors for resistant hypertension. Sympathetic overactivity and chronic activation of the renin-angiotensin system are salient features of resistant hypertension. Interestingly, recent data indicate that renal sympathetic overactivity can reduce the expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the paraventricular nucleus. Reduced NO levels in the paraventricular nucleus can increase sympathetic outflow and this can create a vicious cycle contributing to resistant hypertension. Angiotensin II can reduce l-arginine transport and hence NO production. Reduced NO levels may reduce the formation of angiotensin 1-7 dampening the cardio-protective effects of the renin-angiotensin system contributing to resistant hypertension. In addition, interleukin-6 (IL-6) is demonstrated to be independently associated with resistant hypertension, and IL-6 can reduce NO synthesis. Despite this, NO levels have not been quantified in resistant hypertension. Findings from a small proof of concept study indicate that NO donors can reduce blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension but more studies are required to validate these preliminary findings. In the present paper, we put forward the hypothesis that reduced NO bioavailability contributes substantially to the development of resistant hypertension.
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15
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A Role of Inflammation and Immunity in Essential Hypertension-Modeled and Analyzed Using Petri Nets. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093348. [PMID: 32397357 PMCID: PMC7247551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that the innate and adaptive immune system, together with low-grade inflammation, may play an important role in essential hypertension. In this work, to verify the importance of selected factors for the development of essential hypertension, we created a Petri net-based model and analyzed it. The analysis was based mainly on t-invariants, knockouts of selected fragments of the net and its simulations. The blockade of the renin-angiotensin (RAA) system revealed that the most significant effect on the emergence of essential hypertension has RAA activation. This blockade affects: (1) the formation of angiotensin II, (2) inflammatory process (by influencing C-reactive protein (CRP)), (3) the initiation of blood coagulation, (4) bradykinin generation via the kallikrein-kinin system, (5) activation of lymphocytes in hypertension, (6) the participation of TNF alpha in the activation of the acute phase response, and (7) activation of NADPH oxidase-a key enzyme of oxidative stress. On the other hand, we found that the blockade of the activation of the RAA system may not eliminate hypertension that can occur due to disturbances associated with the osmotically independent binding of Na in the interstitium. Moreover, we revealed that inflammation alone is not enough to trigger primary hypertension, but it can coexist with it. We believe that our research may contribute to a better understanding of the pathology of hypertension. It can help identify potential subprocesses, which blocking will allow better control of essential hypertension.
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16
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Suvakov S, Bonner E, Nikolic V, Jerotic D, Simic TP, Garovic VD, Lopez-Campos G, McClements L. Overlapping pathogenic signalling pathways and biomarkers in preeclampsia and cardiovascular disease. Pregnancy Hypertens 2020; 20:131-136. [PMID: 32299060 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Preeclampsia is a cardiovascular pregnancy complication that occurs in 5-10% of pregnancies and it can lead to a number of pregnancy complications including maternal and foetal death. Long-term, preeclampsia is associated with up to 8-fold increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) for both mothers and their offspring. The lack of mechanistic data in relation to the causes or consequences of preeclampsia has prevented the development of effective therapeutic and monitoring strategies. STUDY DESIGN This study investigates common underlying mechanisms of preeclampsia and CVD, specifically hypertension and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), using "in silico" approach of publicly available datasets. Integrated techniques were designed to mine data repositories and identify relevant biomarkers associated with these three conditions. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES The knowledge base tools were employed that enabled the analysis of these biomarkers to discover potential molecular and biological links between these three conditions. RESULTS Our bioinformatics "in silico" analyses of the publically available datasets identified 76 common biomarkers between preeclampsia, hypertension and HFpEF. These biomarkers were representative of 29 pathways commonly enriched across the three conditions which were largely related to inflammation, metabolism, angiogenesis, remodelling, haemostasis, apoptosis and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS) system. CONCLUSIONS This bioinformatics approach uses the wealth of scientific data available in public repositories to gain a deeper understanding of the overlapping pathogenic mechanisms of associated diseases, which could be explored as biomarkers or targets to prevent long-term cardiovascular complications such as hypertension and HFpEF following preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Suvakov
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Emma Bonner
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Valentina Nikolic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Djurdja Jerotic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana P Simic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna D Garovic
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Guillermo Lopez-Campos
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Lana McClements
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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17
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Lakhani I, Wong MV, Hung JKF, Gong M, Waleed KB, Xia Y, Lee S, Roever L, Liu T, Tse G, Leung KSK, Li KHC. Diagnostic and prognostic value of serum C-reactive protein in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart Fail Rev 2020; 26:1141-1150. [PMID: 32030562 PMCID: PMC8310477 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-020-09927-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a major epidemic with rising morbidity and mortality rates that encumber global healthcare systems. While some studies have demonstrated the value of CRP in predicting (i) the development of HFpEF and (ii) long-term clinical outcomes in HFpEF patients, others have shown no such correlation. As a result, we conducted the following systematic review and meta-analysis to assess both the diagnostic and prognostic role of CRP in HFpEF. PubMed and Embase were searched for studies that assess the relationship between CRP and HFpEF using the following search terms: (((C-reactive protein) AND ((preserved ejection fraction) OR (diastolic heart failure))). The search period was from the start of database to August 6, 2019, with no language restrictions. A total of 312 and 233 studies were obtained from PubMed and Embase respectively, from which 19 studies were included. Our meta-analysis demonstrated the value of a high CRP in predicting the development of not only new onset HFpEF (HR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.00-1.16; P = 0.04; I2 = 22%), but also an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality when used as a categorical (HR: 2.52; 95% CI: 1.61-3.96; P < 0.0001; I2 = 19%) or a continuous variable (HR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.04-1.47; P = 0.01; I2 = 28%), as well as all-cause mortality when used as a categorical (HR: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.53-2.06; P < 0.00001; I2 = 0%) or a continuous variable: (HR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.02-1.06; P = 0.003; I2 = 61%) in HFpEF patients. CRP can be used as a biomarker to predict the development of HFpEF and long-term clinical outcomes in HFpEF patients, in turn justifying its use as a simple, accessible parameter to guide clinical management in this patient population. However, more prospective studies are still required to not only explore the utility and dynamicity of CRP in HFpEF but also to determine whether risk stratification algorithms incorporating CRP actually provide a material benefit in improving patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishan Lakhani
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Michelle Vangi Wong
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Joshua Kai Fung Hung
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqi Gong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Khalid Bin Waleed
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yunlong Xia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Sharen Lee
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Leonardo Roever
- Department of Clinical Research, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Tong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Gary Tse
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Ka Hou Christien Li
- Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Arrowe Park Hospital, Arrowe Park Rd, Birkenhead, Wirral, CH49 5PE, UK.
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18
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Azul L, Leandro A, Boroumand P, Klip A, Seiça R, Sena CM. Increased inflammation, oxidative stress and a reduction in antioxidant defense enzymes in perivascular adipose tissue contribute to vascular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 146:264-274. [PMID: 31698080 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) surrounds most large blood vessels and plays an important role in vascular homeostasis. The present study was conducted to investigate the contribution of PVAT to vascular dysfunction in a rat model of type 2 diabetes. MATERIAL AND METHODS Several in vivo parameters such as lipid profile (total cholesterol and triglyceride systemic levels), fasting glucose levels, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity (through glucose and insulin tolerance tests, respectively) were determined in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) diabetic rats and compared with control Wistar rats. At the vascular level, endothelial dependent and independent relaxation and contraction studies were performed in aortic rings in the absence (PVAT-) or in the presence (PVAT+) of thoracic PVAT. We also evaluated vascular oxidative stress and performed western blots, PCR and immunohistochemistry analysis of cytokines and various enzymes in PVAT. RESULTS Endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine, assessed by wire myography, was impaired in GK rats and improved by the antioxidant TEMPOL and by the TLR4 inhibitor, CLI-095 suggesting an increase in oxidative stress and inflammation. In addition, vascular superoxide and peroxynitrite production was increased in the vascular wall of diabetic rats, accompanied by reduced nitric oxide bioavailability. The presence of PVAT had an anticontractile effect in response to phenylephrine in Wistar rats that was lost in GK rats. Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that PVAT phenotype shifts, under diabetic conditions, towards a proinflammatory (with increment in CRP, CCL2, CD36), pro-oxidant (increased levels of aldose reductase, and reduced levels of antioxidant deference enzymes) and vasoconstriction state. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that this rat model of type 2 diabetes is associated with perivascular adipose dysfunction that contributes to oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Azul
- Institute of Physiology, iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Adriana Leandro
- Institute of Physiology, iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Parastoo Boroumand
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Amira Klip
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Raquel Seiça
- Institute of Physiology, iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristina M Sena
- Institute of Physiology, iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
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19
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Newling M, Sritharan L, van der Ham AJ, Hoepel W, Fiechter RH, de Boer L, Zaat SAJ, Bisoendial RJ, Baeten DLP, Everts B, den Dunnen J. C-Reactive Protein Promotes Inflammation through FcγR-Induced Glycolytic Reprogramming of Human Macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:225-235. [PMID: 31118224 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute-phase protein produced in high quantities by the liver in response to infection and during chronic inflammatory disorders. Although CRP is known to facilitate the clearance of cell debris and bacteria by phagocytic cells, the role of CRP in additional immunological functions is less clear. This study shows that complexed CRP (phosphocholine [PC]:CRP) (formed by binding of CRP to PC moieties), but not soluble CRP, synergized with specific TLRs to posttranscriptionally amplify TNF, IL-1β, and IL-23 production by human inflammatory macrophages. We identified FcγRI and IIa as the main receptors responsible for initiating PC:CRP-induced inflammation. In addition, we identified the underlying mechanism, which depended on signaling through kinases Syk, PI3K, and AKT2, as well as glycolytic reprogramming. These data indicate that in humans, CRP is not only a marker but also a driver of inflammation by human macrophages. Therefore, although providing host defense against bacteria, PC:CRP-induced inflammation may also exacerbate pathology in the context of disorders such as atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Newling
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lathees Sritharan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alwin J van der Ham
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, University of Leiden, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Willianne Hoepel
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Renée H Fiechter
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leonie de Boer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Sebastian A J Zaat
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | | | - Dominique L P Baeten
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Everts
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, University of Leiden, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen den Dunnen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; .,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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20
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Daiber A, Xia N, Steven S, Oelze M, Hanf A, Kröller-Schön S, Münzel T, Li H. New Therapeutic Implications of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) Function/Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20010187. [PMID: 30621010 PMCID: PMC6337296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Global Burden of Disease Study identified cardiovascular risk factors as leading causes of global deaths and life years lost. Endothelial dysfunction represents a pathomechanism that is associated with most of these risk factors and stressors, and represents an early (subclinical) marker/predictor of atherosclerosis. Oxidative stress is a trigger of endothelial dysfunction and it is a hall-mark of cardiovascular diseases and of the risk factors/stressors that are responsible for their initiation. Endothelial function is largely based on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) function and activity. Likewise, oxidative stress can lead to the loss of eNOS activity or even “uncoupling” of the enzyme by adverse regulation of well-defined “redox switches” in eNOS itself or up-/down-stream signaling molecules. Of note, not only eNOS function and activity in the endothelium are essential for vascular integrity and homeostasis, but also eNOS in perivascular adipose tissue plays an important role for these processes. Accordingly, eNOS protein represents an attractive therapeutic target that, so far, was not pharmacologically exploited. With our present work, we want to provide an overview on recent advances and future therapeutic strategies that could be used to target eNOS activity and function in cardiovascular (and other) diseases, including life style changes and epigenetic modulations. We highlight the redox-regulatory mechanisms in eNOS function and up- and down-stream signaling pathways (e.g., tetrahydrobiopterin metabolism and soluble guanylyl cyclase/cGMP pathway) and their potential pharmacological exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Daiber
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Ning Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Steven
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Matthias Oelze
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Alina Hanf
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Swenja Kröller-Schön
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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Sung KD, Pekas EJ, Scott SD, Son WM, Park SY. The effects of a 12-week jump rope exercise program on abdominal adiposity, vasoactive substances, inflammation, and vascular function in adolescent girls with prehypertension. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 119:577-585. [PMID: 30554386 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-4051-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Childhood obesity is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. It is necessary to combat unfavorable outcomes of obesity at a young age by utilizing effective interventions, such as exercise. PURPOSE We sought to examine the effects of a jump rope exercise program on CVD risk factors, including body composition, vasoactive substances, inflammation, and vascular function in prehypertensive adolescent girls. METHODS Forty girls (age 14-16) were recruited and randomly assigned to a jump rope exercise group (EX, n = 20) or control group (CON, n = 20). Body composition, nitrate and nitrite levels, endothelin-1 (ET-1), C-reactive protein (CRP), systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), and arterial stiffness were measured before and after 12 weeks. RESULTS There were significant group by time interactions following the 12-week program for body composition (from 33.8 ± 3.6 to 30.2 ± 3.1%), central adiposity (from 86.4 ± 4 to 83.3 ± 5 cm), SBP (from 126 ± 3.3 to 120 ± 2.1 mmHg), and brachial-to-ankle pulse wave velocity (from 8.2 ± 1.0 to 7.4 ± 0.2 m/s). Nitrate/nitrite levels increased (from 54.5 ± 5.1 to 57.2 ± 5.2 µmol) along a reduction in CRP levels (from 0.5 ± 0.4 to 0.2 ± 0.1 mg/L). There were no significant changes in ET-1 (P = 0.22). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that jump rope exercise may be an effective intervention to improve these CVD risk factors in prehypertensive adolescent girls. Jumping rope is an easily accessible exercise modality that may have important health implications for CVD prevention in younger populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Dong Sung
- Department of Physical Education, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Elizabeth J Pekas
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge St., Omaha, NE, 68182, USA
| | - Steven D Scott
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge St., Omaha, NE, 68182, USA
| | - Won-Mok Son
- Department of Physical Education, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Song-Young Park
- Department of Physical Education, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea. .,School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge St., Omaha, NE, 68182, USA.
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Legesse B, Kaur A, Kenchegowda D, Hritzo B, Culp WE, Moroni M. Neulasta Regimen for the Hematopoietic Acute Radiation Syndrome: Effects Beyond Neutrophil Recovery. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018; 103:935-944. [PMID: 30496878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Understanding the physiopathology underlying the acute radiation syndrome (ARS) and the mechanism of action of drugs known to ameliorate ARS is expected to help identify novel countermeasure candidates and improve the outcome for victims exposed to radiation. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of hematopoietic ARS (H-ARS) because of its ability to alleviate myelosuppression. Besides its role in hematopoiesis, G-CSF is known to protect the cardiovascular and neurologic systems, to attenuate vascular injury and cardiac toxicity, to preserve gap junction function, and to modulate inflammation and oxidative stress. Here, we characterized the protective effects of G-CSF beyond neutrophil recovery in minipigs exposed to H-ARS doses. METHODS AND MATERIALS Twenty male Göttingen minipigs were exposed to total body, acute ionizing radiation. Animals received either pegylated G-CSF (Neulasta) or dextrose at days 1 and 8 after irradiation. Survival was monitored over a 45-day period. RESULTS Neulasta decreased mortality compared with the control, reduced nadir and duration of neutropenia, and lowered prevalence of organ hemorrhage and frank bleeding episodes. Neulasta also increased plasma concentration of IGF-1 hormone, activated the cardiovascular protective IGF-1R/PI3K/Akt/eNOS/NO pathway, and enhanced membrane expression of VE-cadherin in the heart, improving vascular tone and barrier function. Expression of the acute phase protein CRP, a mediator of cardiovascular diseases and a negative regulator of the IGF-1 pathway, was also induced but at much lower extent compared with IGF-1. Activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) was only marginally affected, whereas activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase was downregulated. CONCLUSIONS In addition to a neutrophilic effect, amelioration of endothelial homeostasis and barrier function and reduction in NADPH oxidase contribute to the beneficial effects of Neulasta for the treatment of H-ARS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betre Legesse
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Doreswamy Kenchegowda
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bernadette Hritzo
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William E Culp
- Biomedical Instrumentation Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maria Moroni
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
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Zhang H, Yang F, Guo Y, Wang L, Fang F, Wu H, Nie S, Wang Y, Fung ML, Huang Y, Deng H, Qin Y, Ma X, Wei Y. The contribution of chronic intermittent hypoxia to OSAHS: From the perspective of serum extracellular microvesicle proteins. Metabolism 2018. [PMID: 29522771 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is an independent risk factor for many clinical complications. However, how OSAHS cause multiple organ injury and initiate inter-organ communication remains unclear. Moreover, despite it is well-recognized that chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is a main feature of OSAHS, specific contribution of CIH to overall OSAHS-initiated pathological complications remains unclear. This study aimed to use an unbiased proteomic approach to determine whether OSAHS alters protein profiles of serum extracellular microvesicles (SEMVs) and how CIH contributes to such alterations. METHODS Tandem mass tag (TMT)-labeled quantitative proteomics assay was used to compare the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in SEMVs of OSAHS patients and non-OSAHS subjects. To evaluate the contribution of CIH to OSAHS, CIH rodent model was constructed and the same comparative proteomics study was performed in SEMVs from CIH and normoxia rats. The similarity and disparity of DEPs and DEPs-related functions predicted by bioinformatics tools were compared in above-mentioned two models, and several DEPs were selected and further verified by ELISA or Western blotting. RESULTS TMT-labeled quantitative proteomics assay unravels 32 DEPs in OSAHS patient SEMVs from a total of 560 human SEMV proteins identified. Four DEPs, namely C-reactive protein (CRP), Haptoglobin (HP),Fibronectin (FN1) and Platelet factor 4 (PF4), were further verified by ELISA and three of them (CRP, FN1 and Hp) showed significant difference in expression level between OSAHS and non-OSAHS groups. In SEMVs of rat CIH model, 121 DEPs out of 723 proteins were identified. By comparing the DEPs identified from the two models, 3 proteins (CRP and FN1 and F13a1) were found identical with the same alteration pattern (CRP was upregulated, FN1 and F13a1 were downregulated) in SEMVs from OSAHS patients and CIH rats, which were further verified by Western blotting. Computational functional analysis further revealed the common and distinct DEP-involved pathways under OSAHS or CIH status. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first evidence that OSAHS causes significant alteration in SEMV protein composition, which may contribute to OSAHS-triggered multiple organ injury and organ-to-organ communication. Moreover, we have demonstrated that CIH is the primary contributor for increased inflammatory protein expression in SEMV. As CRP is being increasingly recognized not only as a marker but also a mediator of inflammatory response to tissue injury, increased SEMV CRP in CIH/OSAHS may play an important role in OSAHS-induced tissue injury, suggesting SEMV CRP might be a therapeutic target against OSAHS-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huina Zhang
- Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yichen Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Sleep Medical Center, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Sleep Medical Center, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- Department of Emergency, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Institute of Vascular Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man-Lung Fung
- Department of Physiology, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Institute of Vascular Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwen Qin
- Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Xinliang Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Yongxiang Wei
- Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China.
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Sproston NR, El Mohtadi M, Slevin M, Gilmore W, Ashworth JJ. The Effect of C-Reactive Protein Isoforms on Nitric Oxide Production by U937 Monocytes/Macrophages. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1500. [PMID: 30013561 PMCID: PMC6036124 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is regulated by many endogenous factors including estrogen, a steroid hormone that declines with increasing age, leading to excessive inflammation in the elderly. C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase inflammatory protein that exists in two forms, native CRP (nCRP) and monomeric CRP (mCRP), which mediate distinct biological activities. It is unclear how each CRP isoform mediates nitric oxide (NO), a signaling molecule generated by NO synthase (NOS). This study investigated whether CRP isoforms have distinct effects on NO production by unstimulated and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated monocytes/macrophages and whether estrogen mediates CRP-induced NO production in an in vitro model of aging. NO and inducible NOS (iNOS) were measured (n = 12) by the Griess assay and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively following incubation (24 h) of human-derived U937 monocytes/macrophages with CRP isoforms [(nCRP) = 500 and 1,000 µg/ml; (mCRP) = 100 and 250 µg/ml] in the absence or presence of 17 beta-estradiol (1 × 10-7, 1 × 10-8, and 1 × 10-9 M). The response to each CRP isoform and estrogen was dependent on the differentiation and activation status of cells. Monocytes with or without prior LPS-activation significantly increased (P < 0.01) NO/iNOS production when treated with mCRP. The mCRP isoform had no effect (P > 0.05) on NO/iNOS production by unactivated or LPS-activated macrophages, whereas nCRP significantly (P < 0.05) reduced NO/iNOS production by macrophages, with or without prior LPS-activation. The nCRP isoform had opposing actions on monocytes, significantly (P < 0.01) increasing and reducing NO/iNOS by unactivated and LPS-activated monocytes, respectively. Estrogen significantly (P < 0.01) reversed nCRP-mediated NO inhibition by unactivated macrophages but decreased CRP-induced NO by unactivated monocytes treated with nCRP or mCRP and LPS-activated monocytes treated with mCRP. NO was differentially mediated by CRP isoforms in a cell-type/state-specific manner, with production corresponding to concomitant changes in iNOS levels. Collectively, the findings indicate nCRP and estrogen predominantly reduce NO production, whereas mCRP increases NO production. This supports growing evidence that mCRP exacerbates inflammation while nCRP and estrogen dampen the overall inflammatory response. Therapeutic strategies that restore estrogen levels to those found in youth and promote the stability of nCRP or/and prevent the formation of mCRP may reduce NO production in age-related inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jason J. Ashworth
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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25
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Sproston NR, Ashworth JJ. Role of C-Reactive Protein at Sites of Inflammation and Infection. Front Immunol 2018; 9:754. [PMID: 29706967 PMCID: PMC5908901 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1319] [Impact Index Per Article: 219.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute inflammatory protein that increases up to 1,000-fold at sites of infection or inflammation. CRP is produced as a homopentameric protein, termed native CRP (nCRP), which can irreversibly dissociate at sites of inflammation and infection into five separate monomers, termed monomeric CRP (mCRP). CRP is synthesized primarily in liver hepatocytes but also by smooth muscle cells, macrophages, endothelial cells, lymphocytes, and adipocytes. Evidence suggests that estrogen in the form of hormone replacement therapy influences CRP levels in the elderly. Having been traditionally utilized as a marker of infection and cardiovascular events, there is now growing evidence that CRP plays important roles in inflammatory processes and host responses to infection including the complement pathway, apoptosis, phagocytosis, nitric oxide (NO) release, and the production of cytokines, particularly interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α. Unlike more recent publications, the findings of early work on CRP can seem somewhat unclear and at times conflicting since it was often not specified which particular CRP isoform was measured or utilized in experiments and whether responses attributed to nCRP were in fact possibly due to dissociation into mCRP or lipopolysaccharide contamination. In addition, since antibodies for mCRP are not commercially available, few laboratories are able to conduct studies investigating the mCRP isoform. Despite these issues and the fact that most CRP research to date has focused on vascular disorders, there is mounting evidence that CRP isoforms have distinct biological properties, with nCRP often exhibiting more anti-inflammatory activities compared to mCRP. The nCRP isoform activates the classical complement pathway, induces phagocytosis, and promotes apoptosis. On the other hand, mCRP promotes the chemotaxis and recruitment of circulating leukocytes to areas of inflammation and can delay apoptosis. The nCRP and mCRP isoforms work in opposing directions to inhibit and induce NO production, respectively. In terms of pro-inflammatory cytokine production, mCRP increases interleukin-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production, whereas nCRP has no detectable effect on their levels. Further studies are needed to expand on these emerging findings and to fully characterize the differential roles that each CRP isoform plays at sites of local inflammation and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola R Sproston
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jason J Ashworth
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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26
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Gangoda SVS, Avadhanam B, Jufri NF, Sohn EH, Butlin M, Gupta V, Chung R, Avolio AP. Pulsatile stretch as a novel modulator of amyloid precursor protein processing and associated inflammatory markers in human cerebral endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1689. [PMID: 29374229 PMCID: PMC5786097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20117-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid β (Aβ) deposition is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Vascular modifications, including altered brain endothelial cell function and structural viability of the blood-brain barrier due to vascular pulsatility, are implicated in AD pathology. Pulsatility of phenomena in the cerebral vasculature are often not considered in in vitro models of the blood-brain barrier. We demonstrate, for the first time, that pulsatile stretch of brain vascular endothelial cells modulates amyloid precursor protein (APP) expression and the APP processing enzyme, β-secretase 1, eventuating increased-Aβ generation and secretion. Concurrent modulation of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) signaling (expression and phosphorylation of eNOS) in response to pulsatile stretch indicates parallel activation of endothelial inflammatory pathways. These findings mechanistically support vascular pulsatility contributing towards cerebral Aβ levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumudu V S Gangoda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bhargava Avadhanam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nurul F Jufri
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Eun Hwa Sohn
- Department of Herbal Medicine Resources, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, 25949, Republic of Korea
| | - Mark Butlin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Roger Chung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alberto P Avolio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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Bansal S, Chopra K. Selective ER-α agonist alleviates vascular endothelial dysfunction in ovariectomized type 2 diabetic rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 460:152-161. [PMID: 28736253 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Postmenopausal diabetic women represent a specific risk group with a greater incidence of vascular deficits as compared with age-matched men or non-diabetic women. 17β-estradiol is the mainstay therapy for menopause and associated complications; however, its vasculoprotective effect is lost in women with diabetes. Although, exact mechanism of dichotomous effect of estrogen has not been delineated but it may be due to, differential activation of ER-α and β during disease conditions such as diabetes. Thus main objective of our study was to characterize the specific estrogen receptor which could be selectively targeted to achieve vasculoprotection in postmenopausal diabetic situation. A significant impairment in glycemic and lipid profile, decreased ACh-induced endothelium dependent relaxation, impaired endothelial integrity, and rise in inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were observed in ovariectomized type 2 diabetic rats as compared to sham rats. These markers were further correlated with aortic eNOS levels. Treatment with selective ER-α receptor agonist markedly while 17β-estradiol partially ameliorated these alterations along with enhanced aortic eNOS levels. However, ER-β agonist did not show any effect. Our data suggests that selective ER-α activation could be an important pharmacological target, to mimic the beneficial effect of estradiol in cardiovascular disorders, especially in postmenopausal diabetic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Bansal
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Kanwaljit Chopra
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Genetics of Atherosclerosis. Coron Artery Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-811908-2.00007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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30
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Nosalski R, McGinnigle E, Siedlinski M, Guzik TJ. Novel Immune Mechanisms in Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2017; 11:12. [PMID: 28360962 PMCID: PMC5339316 DOI: 10.1007/s12170-017-0537-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hypertension is a common disorder with substantial impact on public health due to highly elevated cardiovascular risk. The mechanisms still remain unclear and treatments are not sufficient to reduce risk in majority of patients. Inflammatory mechanisms may provide an important mechanism linking hypertension and cardiovascular risk. We aim to review newly identified immune and inflammatory mechanisms of hypertension with focus on their potential therapeutic impact. RECENT FINDINGS In addition to the established role of the vasculature, kidneys and central nervous system in pathogenesis of hypertension, low-grade inflammation contributes to this disorder as indicated by experimental models and GWAS studies pointing to SH2B3 immune gene as top key driver of hypertension. Immune responses in hypertension are greatly driven by neoantigens generated by oxidative stress and modulated by chemokines such as RANTES, IP-10 and microRNAs including miR-21 and miR-155 with other molecules under investigation. Cells of both innate and adoptive immune system infiltrate vasculature and kidneys, affecting their function by releasing pro-inflammatory mediators and reactive oxygen species. SUMMARY Immune and inflammatory mechanisms of hypertension provide a link between high blood pressure and increased cardiovascular risk, and reduction of blood pressure without attention to these underlying mechanisms is not sufficient to reduce risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Nosalski
- BHF Centre for Excellence Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland UK
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Eilidh McGinnigle
- BHF Centre for Excellence Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland UK
| | - Mateusz Siedlinski
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz J. Guzik
- BHF Centre for Excellence Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland UK
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Changing correlations among ADMA, NO and hs-CRP in normoalbuminuric and microalbuminuric patients with type 2 diabetes. Meta Gene 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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32
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Pourrajab F, Torkian Velashani F, Khanaghaei M, Hekmatimoghaddam S, Rahaie M, Zare-Khormizi MR. Comparison of miRNA signature versus conventional biomarkers before and after off-pump coronary artery bypass graft. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 134:11-17. [PMID: 27866054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Circulating levels of microRNAs (miRNAs) and their expression patterns are supposed to serve as signatures for diagnosis or prognosis of cardiovascular events. The present study aimed at determining if there is any correlation between the release pattern of 2 miRNAs and the plasma levels of conventional biomarkers cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase (CK) and uric acid (UA) in patients undergoing their first off-pump coronary artery bypass graft (OCABG). Seventy OCABG patients (69% men, aged 59.2±8.2years) were enrolled. Emergencies, re-operations, abnormal preoperative serum cTnI and combined procedures were excluded from this study. Pre-operative mean ejection fraction was 45.8±8.6%, the average number of grafts was 3±0.87/patient, and the internal mammary artery was used for all. Beside conventional clinical assays, we performed real-time quantitative PCR to analyze the circulating levels of miR-155, miR-126 and miR-499 at 1day before surgery as well as 4days after surgery. Importantly, there was no report of myocardial infarction in our patients, pre- or post-operatively. In contrast to conventional biomarkers cTnI and CK, circulating levels of miRNAs decreased significantly (P<0.01) after revascularization surgery. A significant positive correlation was seen between the cTnI and miR-499 (r∼0.53, P<0.01) and between miR-126 and UA (r∼0.5, P<0.01). Time course study of circulating miR-499, miR-126 and miR-155 in cardiac surgery clarified their advantage and correlations to the traditional biomarkers cTnI, total CK, CK-MB and UA. Our results suggest that this signature is a novel, early biomarker which indicates myocardial ischemia in cardiac surgery. It could be postulated that the application of these miRNAs may be considered for monitoring of response to pharmacological interventions aimed at reducing cardiac ischemia, especially in OCABG candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Pourrajab
- International Campus of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Khanaghaei
- International Campus of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyedhossein Hekmatimoghaddam
- Hematology & Oncology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Rahaie
- Department of Life Science Engineering, School of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Augustine JA, Yoon ES, Choo J, Heffernan KS, Jae SY. The Relationship Between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Aortic Stiffness in Women with Central Obesity. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2016; 25:680-6. [DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2015.5314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline A. Augustine
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Eun Sun Yoon
- Department of Sport Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jina Choo
- College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kevin S. Heffernan
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Sae Young Jae
- Department of Sport Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, South Korea
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Circulating miR-126 and miR-499 reflect progression of cardiovascular disease; correlations with uric acid and ejection fraction. Heart Int 2016; 11:e1-e9. [PMID: 27924211 PMCID: PMC5056629 DOI: 10.5301/heartint.5000226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess plasma levels of endothelium- and heart-associated microRNAs (miRNAs) miR-126 and miR-499, respectively, using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. METHODS A two-step analysis was conducted on 75 patients undergoing off-pomp coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Five biomarkers of inflammation and cardiac injury were assessed in addition to the above-mentioned miRNAs. RESULTS Plasma concentrations of miRNAs were found to be significantly correlated with plasma levels of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) (miR-499, r 0.49, p~0.002; miR-126, r = 0.30, p~0.001), indicating cardiac damage. Data analysis revealed that miR-499 had higher sensitivity and specificity for cardiac injury than miR-126, which reflects more endothelial activation. Interestingly, a strong correlation was observed between both miRNAs and uric acid (UA) levels with ventricular contractility measured as ejection fraction (EF) (miR-499/EF%, r = 0.58, p~0.004; UA/EF%, r = -0.6, p~0.006; UA/miR-499, r = -0.34; UA/miR-126, r = 0.5, p~0.01). CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing CABG, circulating miR-126/499 is associated with presentation of traditional risk factors and reflects post-operative response to injury. Plasma pool of miRNAs likely reflects extracellular miRNAs which are proportional to intracellular miRNA levels. Therefore, circulating levels of these miRNAs have prognostic implications in detection of higher risk of future cardiovascular events.
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Dai W, Ming W, Li Y, Zheng HY, Wei CD, Rui Z, Yan C. Synergistic Effect of a Physiological Ratio of Estradiol and Testosterone in the Treatment of Early-stage Atherosclerosis. Arch Med Res 2015; 46:619-29. [PMID: 26633088 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Clinical trials and epidemiological data suggest that estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) fails to reduce cardiovascular events in postmenopausal women with coronary heart disease (CHD). The high concentration of estrogen supplementation may increase the risk of thrombosis and result in testosterone deficiency, which is considered the main reason for failure. Thus, we hypothesized that a physiologic dosage of estradiol combined with testosterone may become a new therapeutic strategy in postmenopausal women with CHD. METHODS AND RESULTS We used human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and female C57BL/6 mice as the experimental subjects. With the HUVECs, we found an appropriate E2/T ratio of 5:1 (5×10(-8) mol/L estradiol and 10(-8) mol/L testosterone), which has a significant anti-apoptotic effect on HUVECs by inducing a C-reactive protein. In the in vivo study, we verified the beneficial effects of the defined appropriate E2/T ratio in mice with early stage atherosclerosis. We found that replacement therapy with the defined appropriate E2/T ratio had beneficial effects of reducing the lipid lesions, reducing the formation of foam cells, reducing endothelial injury, modulating the coagulation system function and inhibiting inflammation and was significantly more effective than either estradiol or testosterone supplementation alone. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that estradiol and testosterone have a synergistic effect on early stage atherosclerosis, and replacement therapy with the defined appropriate E2/T ratio can significantly suppress the development of atherosclerosis through reducing the lipid lesions, reducing the formation of foam cells, reducing endothelial injury, modulating the coagulation system function and inhibiting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Dai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wang Ming
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Hong-Yun Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuan-Dong Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of You Jiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhao Rui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cui Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Chu YC, Huang KT. Keratin-1 is a novel binding protein for C-reactive protein on the membrane of endothelial cells. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2015.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kanbay A, Kaya E, Büyükoğlan H, Kaya MG, Şimşek ZÖ, Tutar N, Demir R. Correlation between pentraxin-3 and endothelial dysfunction in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Ann Thorac Med 2015; 10:199-203. [PMID: 26229563 PMCID: PMC4518351 DOI: 10.4103/1817-1737.160840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Recent studies showed endothelial dysfunction and pentraxin-3 both of an early marker for development of cardiovascular disease. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between severity of OSAS and endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory markers including pentraxin-3 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). METHODS This was a cross-sectional study in which patients who had undergone a polysomnographic study for diagnosis of OSAS were recruited. Included patients were grouped according to apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) as mild (AHI between 5 and 14.9) and moderate-severe OSAS (AHI ⩾ 15). Patients with AHI < 5 served as control group. Endothelial function was evaluated by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD). Serum pentraxin-3 and hs-CRP levels were measured. RESULTS Eighty-three patients enrolled for the study. We found a significant increment in pentraxin-3 and hs-CRP levels and a significant decrement in FMD as the severity of OSAS increased. There was a negative correlation between FMD and AHI, pentraxin, and hs-CRP. CONCLUSION OSAS patients have significantly elevated pentraxin-3 levels and endothelial dysfunction. Furthermore, both pentraxin-3 and endothelial dysfunction were independently associated with severity of OSAS defined by AHI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiye Kanbay
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Kaya
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erciyes University, School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hakan Büyükoğlan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erciyes University, School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Güngör Kaya
- Department of Cardiology, Erciyes University, School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Özer Şimşek
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erciyes University, School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Nuri Tutar
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erciyes University, School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Demir
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erciyes University, School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
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Hyderali BN, Mala K. Oxidative stress and cardiovascular complications in polycystic ovarian syndrome. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2015; 191:15-22. [PMID: 26066290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine condition which is associated with metabolic and cardiovascular complications. It is elevated to a metabolic disorder with significant long term health ramification due to the high prevalence of insulin resistance (IR), impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), dyslipidemia and numerous cardiovascular risk factors in PCOS women. This article concentrates on the recent developments in the regulation of oxidative stress (OS) in PCOS and on the association between PCOS and CVD outcomes. The prognostic events that define the severity of PCOS and involvement of cardiovascular risk in PCOS include endothelial dysfunction (ED) and impaired cardiac structure. Fact is that, in PCOS women, the circulating biomarkers of OS are in abnormal levels that are independent of overweight, which depicts the participation of OS in the pathophysiology of this common derangement. In addition, hyperglycemia (HG) per se, promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in PCOS. When the destructive ROS outbalances the concentration of physiological antioxidants, OS occurs. The resultant OS, directly stimulates hyperandrogenism and causes extensive cellular injury, DNA damage and/or cell apoptosis. To further the burden, the total serum antioxidant level in PCOS women is compromised, which diminishes the body's defense against an oxidative milieu. Thus, it is evident that OS regulates several cellular mechanisms in PCOS. Improving our understanding about the regulation of OS, critical role of ROS and protein biomarkers in PCOS should lead to novel therapeutic strategies in addressing PCOS-induced CVD. Besides, it is possible that the beneficial effects of dietary or therapeutic antioxidants have significant clinical relevance in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kanchana Mala
- Medical College Hospital and Research Center, SRM University, Potheri, TN, India.
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Walther G, Obert P, Dutheil F, Chapier R, Lesourd B, Naughton G, Courteix D, Vinet A. Metabolic syndrome individuals with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus present generalized vascular dysfunction: cross-sectional study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1022-9. [PMID: 25657309 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The first objective of this study was to demonstrate differences within endothelial-dependent and endothelial-independent vasoreactivity in macro- and microcirculation beds among patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) compared with healthy counterparts. The second objective was to determine relationships among the function of macro- and microvascular systems and abdominal adiposity, as well as inflammatory markers in the 3 groups. APPROACH AND RESULTS Cross-sectional analyses of 53 patients with MetS without T2D and 25 with T2D, as well as aged 40 years and sex-matched healthy controls included microvascular (cutaneous blood flow measured with laser Doppler flowmetry in response to iontophoresis of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside), and macrovascular reactivity (flow-mediated dilation and nitrate-mediated dilation) along with anthropometric measures, plasma glucose, and insulin and inflammatory markers. Compared with controls, MetS participants showed depressed endothelial function of both micro- and macrocirculation beds. T2D in patients with MetS revealed an exacerbated vascular smooth muscle dysfunction in micro- and macrocirculation compared with MetS without T2D. Indices of micro- and macrocirculation were predominantly inversely related to abdominal fat and inflammatory markers. CONCLUSIONS MetS was associated with endothelial-dependent and endothelial-independent dysfunction, affecting both the macro- and the microvascular systems. Participants with diabetes mellitus demonstrated the most severe smooth muscle dysfunction. The presence of central abdominal fat and systemic inflammation seems implicated in the pathogenesis of vascular dysfunctions in MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Walther
- From the Avignon University, LAPEC EA4278, Avignon, France (G.W., P.O., A.V.); Blaise Pascal University, Laboratory Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise in Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P, EA3533), Clermont-Ferrand, France (F.D., B.L., D.C.); University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand (CHU), Clermont-Ferrand, France (F.D., B.L.); Omental-Thermalia Center, Châtelguyon, France (R.C.); and School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (P.O., F.D., G.N., D.C.).
| | - Philippe Obert
- From the Avignon University, LAPEC EA4278, Avignon, France (G.W., P.O., A.V.); Blaise Pascal University, Laboratory Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise in Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P, EA3533), Clermont-Ferrand, France (F.D., B.L., D.C.); University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand (CHU), Clermont-Ferrand, France (F.D., B.L.); Omental-Thermalia Center, Châtelguyon, France (R.C.); and School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (P.O., F.D., G.N., D.C.)
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- From the Avignon University, LAPEC EA4278, Avignon, France (G.W., P.O., A.V.); Blaise Pascal University, Laboratory Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise in Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P, EA3533), Clermont-Ferrand, France (F.D., B.L., D.C.); University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand (CHU), Clermont-Ferrand, France (F.D., B.L.); Omental-Thermalia Center, Châtelguyon, France (R.C.); and School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (P.O., F.D., G.N., D.C.)
| | - Robert Chapier
- From the Avignon University, LAPEC EA4278, Avignon, France (G.W., P.O., A.V.); Blaise Pascal University, Laboratory Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise in Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P, EA3533), Clermont-Ferrand, France (F.D., B.L., D.C.); University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand (CHU), Clermont-Ferrand, France (F.D., B.L.); Omental-Thermalia Center, Châtelguyon, France (R.C.); and School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (P.O., F.D., G.N., D.C.)
| | - Bruno Lesourd
- From the Avignon University, LAPEC EA4278, Avignon, France (G.W., P.O., A.V.); Blaise Pascal University, Laboratory Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise in Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P, EA3533), Clermont-Ferrand, France (F.D., B.L., D.C.); University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand (CHU), Clermont-Ferrand, France (F.D., B.L.); Omental-Thermalia Center, Châtelguyon, France (R.C.); and School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (P.O., F.D., G.N., D.C.)
| | - Geraldine Naughton
- From the Avignon University, LAPEC EA4278, Avignon, France (G.W., P.O., A.V.); Blaise Pascal University, Laboratory Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise in Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P, EA3533), Clermont-Ferrand, France (F.D., B.L., D.C.); University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand (CHU), Clermont-Ferrand, France (F.D., B.L.); Omental-Thermalia Center, Châtelguyon, France (R.C.); and School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (P.O., F.D., G.N., D.C.)
| | - Daniel Courteix
- From the Avignon University, LAPEC EA4278, Avignon, France (G.W., P.O., A.V.); Blaise Pascal University, Laboratory Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise in Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P, EA3533), Clermont-Ferrand, France (F.D., B.L., D.C.); University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand (CHU), Clermont-Ferrand, France (F.D., B.L.); Omental-Thermalia Center, Châtelguyon, France (R.C.); and School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (P.O., F.D., G.N., D.C.)
| | - Agnès Vinet
- From the Avignon University, LAPEC EA4278, Avignon, France (G.W., P.O., A.V.); Blaise Pascal University, Laboratory Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise in Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P, EA3533), Clermont-Ferrand, France (F.D., B.L., D.C.); University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand (CHU), Clermont-Ferrand, France (F.D., B.L.); Omental-Thermalia Center, Châtelguyon, France (R.C.); and School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (P.O., F.D., G.N., D.C.)
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C-Reactive Protein: An In-Depth Look into Structure, Function, and Regulation. INTERNATIONAL SCHOLARLY RESEARCH NOTICES 2014; 2014:653045. [PMID: 27433484 PMCID: PMC4897210 DOI: 10.1155/2014/653045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the adult population worldwide, with atherosclerosis being its key pathophysiologic component. Atherosclerosis possesses a fundamental chronic inflammatory aspect, and the involvement of numerous inflammatory molecules has been studied in this scenario, particularly C-reactive protein (CRP). CRP is a plasma protein with strong phylogenetic conservation and high resistance to proteolysis, predominantly synthesized in the liver in response to proinflammatory cytokines, especially IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF. CRP may intervene in atherosclerosis by directly activating the complement system and inducing apoptosis, vascular cell activation, monocyte recruitment, lipid accumulation, and thrombosis, among other actions. Moreover, CRP can dissociate in peripheral tissue—including atheromatous plaques—from its native pentameric form into a monomeric form, which may also be synthesized de novo in extrahepatic sites. Each form exhibits distinct affinities for ligands and receptors, and exerts different effects in the progression of atherosclerosis. In view of epidemiologic evidence associating high CRP levels with cardiovascular risk—reflecting the biologic impact it bears on atherosclerosis—measurement of serum levels of high-sensitivity CRP has been proposed as a tool for assessment of cardiovascular risk.
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Sánchez-Aranguren LC, Prada CE, Riaño-Medina CE, Lopez M. Endothelial dysfunction and preeclampsia: role of oxidative stress. Front Physiol 2014; 5:372. [PMID: 25346691 PMCID: PMC4193194 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is an often fatal pathology characterized by hypertension and proteinuria at the 20th week of gestation that affects 5-10% of the pregnancies. The problem is particularly important in developing countries in where the incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is higher and maternal mortality rates are 20 times higher than those reported in developed countries. Risk factors for the development of PE include obesity, insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia that stimulate inflammatory cytokine release and oxidative stress leading to endothelial dysfunction (ED). However, how all these clinical manifestations concur to develop PE is still not very well understood. The related poor trophoblast invasion and uteroplacental artery remodeling described in PE, increases reactive oxygen species (ROS), hypoxia and ED. Here we aim to review current literature from research showing the interplay between oxidative stress, ED and PE to the outcomes of current clinical trials aiming to prevent PE with antioxidant supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lissette C. Sánchez-Aranguren
- Translational Biomedical Research Group, Biotechnology, Innovation and Technology Development, Cardiovascular Foundation of ColombiaFloridablanca, Colombia
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Universidad del ValleCali, Colombia
| | - Carlos E. Prada
- Translational Biomedical Research Group, Biotechnology, Innovation and Technology Development, Cardiovascular Foundation of ColombiaFloridablanca, Colombia
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Metabolism, Instituto del Corazón de Floridablanca, Cardiovascular Foundation of ColombiaFloridablanca, Colombia
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Carlos E. Riaño-Medina
- Translational Biomedical Research Group, Biotechnology, Innovation and Technology Development, Cardiovascular Foundation of ColombiaFloridablanca, Colombia
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Program, Cardiovascular Foundation of ColombiaFloridablanca, Colombia
| | - Marcos Lopez
- Translational Biomedical Research Group, Biotechnology, Innovation and Technology Development, Cardiovascular Foundation of ColombiaFloridablanca, Colombia
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Universidad del ValleCali, Colombia
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Role of interferon alpha in endothelial dysfunction: insights into endothelial nitric oxide synthase-related mechanisms. Am J Med Sci 2014; 348:168-75. [PMID: 24796291 DOI: 10.1097/maj.0000000000000284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that is characterized by the production of autoantibodies against nuclear antigens such as double-stranded DNA. Lupus predominantly affects women (ratio, 9:1). Moreover, premenopausal women with SLE are 50 times more likely to have a myocardial infarction. Although specific risk factors for advanced cardiovascular complications have not been identified in this patient population, endothelial dysfunction is highly prevalent. Recent studies show that the type I interferon signature gene expression coincides with impaired brachial artery flow-mediated dilation and diminished endothelial progenitor cell circulation, both markers of impaired endothelial function. Although many factors promote the development of vascular endothelial dysfunction, all pathways converge on the diminished activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and loss of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Studies examining the effects of type I interferons on eNOS and NO in SLE are missing. This literature review examines the current literature regarding the role of type I interferons in cardiovascular disease and its known effects on regulators of eNOS and NO bioavailability that are important for proper endothelial cell function.
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Kang JJ, Shu L, Park JL, Shayman JA, Bodary PF. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase uncoupling and microvascular dysfunction in the mesentery of mice deficient in α-galactosidase A. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014; 306:G140-6. [PMID: 24232002 PMCID: PMC3920075 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00185.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A defect in the gene for the lysosomal enzyme α-galactosidase A (Gla) results in globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) accumulation in Fabry disease and leads to premature death from cardiac and cerebrovascular events. However, gastrointestinal symptoms are often first observed during childhood in these patients and are not well understood. In this study, we demonstrate an age-dependent microvasculopathy of the mesenteric artery (MA) in a murine model of Fabry disease (Gla-knockout mice) resulting from dysregulation of the vascular homeostatic enzyme endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). The progressive accumulation of Gb3 in the MA was confirmed by thin-layer chromatographic analysis. A total absence of endothelium-dependent dilation was observed in MAs from mice at 8 mo of age, while suppression of ACh-mediated vasodilation was evident from 2 mo of age. Endothelium-independent dilation with sodium nitroprusside was normal compared with age-matched wild-type mice. The microvascular defect in MAs from Fabry mice was endothelium-dependent and associated with suppression of the active homodimer of eNOS. Phosphorylation of eNOS at the major activation site (Ser(1179)) was significantly downregulated, while phosphorylation at the major inhibitory site (Thr(495)) was remarkably enhanced in MAs from aged Fabry mice. These profound alterations in eNOS bioavailability at 8 mo of age were observed in parallel with high levels of 3-nitrotyrosine, suggesting increased reactive oxygen species along with eNOS uncoupling in this vascular bed. Overall, the mesenteric microvessels in the setting of Fabry disease were observed to have an early and profound endothelial dysfunction associated with elevated reactive nitrogen species and decreased nitric oxide bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J. Kang
- 1School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan;
| | - Liming Shu
- 2Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - James L. Park
- 2Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and ,3DMT-USA, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - James A. Shayman
- 2Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - Peter F. Bodary
- 1School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan;
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Hein TW, Qamirani E, Ren Y, Xu X, Thengchaisri N, Kuo L. Selective Activation of Lectin-Like Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-1 Mediates C-Reactive Protein–Evoked Endothelial Vasodilator Dysfunction in Coronary Arterioles. Circ Res 2014; 114:92-100. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.114.301763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rationale
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Studies in cultured endothelium implicate that lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) or Fcγ receptor II (CD32) contributes to the proatherogenic effects of C-reactive protein (CRP). However, the identity of the receptors linking to deleterious actions of CRP in vasomotor regulation remains unknown.
Objective
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We tested the hypothesis that LOX-1 contributes to adverse effects of CRP on endothelium-dependent vasomotor function in resistance arterioles.
Methods and Results
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Porcine coronary arterioles were isolated for vasoreactivity study, dihydroethidium fluorescence staining of superoxide, immunohistochemical localization of receptors, immunoprecipitation of receptor/CRP interaction, and protein blot. Intraluminal treatment of pressurized arterioles with a pathophysiological level of CRP (7 µg/mL; 60 minutes) attenuated endothelium-dependent nitric oxide–mediated and prostacyclin-mediated dilations to serotonin and arachidonic acid, respectively. LOX-1 and CD32 were detected in the endothelium of arterioles. Blockade of LOX-1 with either pharmacological antagonist κ-carrageenan or anti–LOX-1 antibody prevented the detrimental effect of CRP on vasodilator function, whereas anti-CD32 antibody treatment was ineffective. Denudation of endothelium and blockade of LOX-1 but not CD32 prevented CRP-induced elevation of superoxide in the vessel wall. CRP was coimmunoprecipitated with LOX-1 and CD32 from CRP-treated arterioles. Similarly, LOX-1 and CD32 blockade prevented CRP-induced arteriolar expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, a thrombogenic protein.
Conclusions
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CRP elicits endothelium-dependent oxidative stress and compromises nitric oxide–mediated and prostacyclin-mediated vasomotor function via LOX-1 activation. In contrast, both LOX-1 and CD32 mediate plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 upregulation in arterioles by CRP. Thus, activation of LOX-1 and CD32 may contribute to vasomotor dysfunction and proatherogenic actions of CRP, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis W. Hein
- From the Departments of Surgery (T.W.H., Y.R., L.K.) and Medical Physiology (E.Q., X.X., N.T., L.K.), College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Scott & White Healthcare, Temple; and Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand (N.T.)
| | - Erion Qamirani
- From the Departments of Surgery (T.W.H., Y.R., L.K.) and Medical Physiology (E.Q., X.X., N.T., L.K.), College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Scott & White Healthcare, Temple; and Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand (N.T.)
| | - Yi Ren
- From the Departments of Surgery (T.W.H., Y.R., L.K.) and Medical Physiology (E.Q., X.X., N.T., L.K.), College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Scott & White Healthcare, Temple; and Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand (N.T.)
| | - Xin Xu
- From the Departments of Surgery (T.W.H., Y.R., L.K.) and Medical Physiology (E.Q., X.X., N.T., L.K.), College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Scott & White Healthcare, Temple; and Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand (N.T.)
| | - Naris Thengchaisri
- From the Departments of Surgery (T.W.H., Y.R., L.K.) and Medical Physiology (E.Q., X.X., N.T., L.K.), College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Scott & White Healthcare, Temple; and Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand (N.T.)
| | - Lih Kuo
- From the Departments of Surgery (T.W.H., Y.R., L.K.) and Medical Physiology (E.Q., X.X., N.T., L.K.), College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Scott & White Healthcare, Temple; and Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand (N.T.)
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Yüksel M, Okur HK, Pelin Z, Öğünç AV, Öztürk L. Arginase activity and nitric oxide levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2014; 69:247-52. [PMID: 24714832 PMCID: PMC3971361 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2014(04)05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is characterized by repetitive obstruction of the upper airways, and it is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. There have been several studies demonstrating low levels of nitric oxide in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome compared with healthy controls. In this study, we hypothesized that reduced nitric oxide levels would result in high arginase activity. Arginase reacts with L-arginine and produces urea and L-ornithine, whereas L-arginine is a substrate for nitric oxide synthase, which produces nitric oxide. METHODS The study group consisted of 51 obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients (M/F: 43/8; mean age 49±10 years of age) and 15 healthy control subjects (M/F: 13/3; mean age 46±14 years of age). Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients were divided into two subgroups based on the presence or absence of cardiovascular disease. Nitric oxide levels and arginase activity were measured via an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of serum samples. RESULTS Serum nitric oxide levels in the control subjects were higher than in the obstructive sleep apnea patients with and without cardiovascular diseases (p<0.05). Arginase activity was significantly higher (p<0.01) in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients without cardiovascular diseases compared with the control group. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients with cardiovascular diseases had higher arginase activity than the controls (p<0.001) and the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients without cardiovascular diseases (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Low nitric oxide levels are associated with high arginase activity. The mechanism of nitric oxide depletion in sleep apnea patients suggests that increased arginase activity might reduce the substrate availability of nitric oxide synthase and thus could reduce nitric oxide levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meral Yüksel
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hacer Kuzu Okur
- Chest Diseases Clinics, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Research and Education Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zerrin Pelin
- Vocational School of Health-related Professions, Gazikent Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ayliz Velioğlu Öğünç
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Levent Öztürk
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
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Yasunaga T, Ikeda S, Koga S, Nakata T, Yoshida T, Masuda N, Kohno S, Maemura K. Plasma Pentraxin 3 is a More Potent Predictor of Endothelial Dysfunction than High-Sensitive C-Reactive Protein. Int Heart J 2014; 55:160-4. [DOI: 10.1536/ihj.13-253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Yasunaga
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Satoshi Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Seiji Koga
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Tomoo Nakata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Takeo Yoshida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | | | - Shigeru Kohno
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine
| | - Koji Maemura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
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47
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Gupta S, Gambhir JK, Kalra O, Gautam A, Shukla K, Mehndiratta M, Agarwal S, Shukla R. Association of biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress with the risk of chronic kidney disease in Type 2 diabetes mellitus in North Indian population. J Diabetes Complications 2013; 27:548-52. [PMID: 24012111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It results from diverse etiologies, diabetes being a frontrunner amongst them. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is being increasingly recognized as a proinflammatory state with increased oxidative stress which enormously increases the risk of micro and macro vascular diseases. This study was planned to explore the possible association between tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (uMCP-1), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and parameters of oxidative stress in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic chronic kidney disease (DM-CKD). Fifty patients each were recruited in DM, DM-CKD and healthy control groups. Plasma TNF-α, hsCRP and uMCP-1 levels as inflammatory mediators were measured by ELISA, reduced glutathione (GSH), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as parameters of antioxidant activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) as marker of oxidative stress, were measured spectrophotometrically. Plasma TNF-α, hsCRP and uMCP-1 were significantly higher in DM-CKD compared to DM and healthy controls. Lipid peroxidation, measured as MDA was significantly higher in patients with DM-CKD as compared to patients with DM and healthy controls. Further, antioxidant capacity of blood measured as FRAP and GSH was found to be significantly lower in patients with DM and DM-CKD as compared to healthy controls (p<0.001). Plasma TNF-α and uMCP-1 showed a significant positive correlation with HbA1c (r=0.441, 0.643), hsCRP (r=0.400, 0.584) and MDA (r=0.423, 0.759) and significant negative correlation with GSH (R=-0.370, -0.800) and FRAP (r=-0.344, -0.684) Increased inflammatory markers viz. TNF-α, hsCRP and uMCP-1 and markers of oxidative stress i.e. increased MDA and decreased GSH and FRAP in DM-CKD suggest an important role of inflammation and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of renal damage in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuti Gupta
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, Delhi, 110095 India
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48
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Su Y, Qadri SM, Wu L, Liu L. Methylglyoxal modulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase-associated functions in EA.hy926 endothelial cells. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2013; 12:134. [PMID: 24050620 PMCID: PMC4015749 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-12-134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased levels of the sugar metabolite methylglyoxal (MG) in vivo were shown to participate in the pathophysiology of vascular complications in diabetes. Alterations of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity by hypophosphorylation of the enzyme and enhanced monomerization are found in the diabetic milieu, and the regulation of this still remains undefined. Using various pharmacological approaches, we elucidate putative mechanisms by which MG modulates eNOS-associated functions of MG-stimulated superoxide O₂•⁻ production, phosphorylation status and eNOS uncoupling in EA.hy926 human endothelial cells. METHODS In cultured EA.hy926 endothelial cells, the effects of MG treatment, tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4; 100 μM) and sepiapterin (20 μM) supplementation, NOS inhibition by N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 50 μM), and inhibition of peroxynitrite (ONOO⁻) formation (300 μM Tempol plus 50 μM L-NAME) on eNOS dimer/monomer ratios, Ser-1177 eNOS phosphorylation and 3-nitrotyrosine (3NT) abundance were quantified using immunoblotting. O₂•⁻-dependent fluorescence was determined using a commercially available kit and tissue biopterin levels were measured by fluorometric HPLC analysis. RESULTS In EA.hy926 cells, MG treatment significantly enhanced O₂•⁻ generation and 3NT expression and reduced Ser-1177 eNOS phosphorylation, eNOS dimer/monomer ratio and cellular biopterin levels indicative of eNOS uncoupling. These effects were significantly mitigated by administration of BH4, sepiapterin and suppression of ONOO⁻ formation. L-NAME treatment significantly blunted eNOS-derived O₂•⁻ generation but did not modify eNOS phosphorylation or monomerization. CONCLUSION MG triggers eNOS uncoupling and hypophosphorylation in EA.hy926 endothelial cells associated with O₂•⁻ generation and biopterin depletion. The observed effects of the glycolysis metabolite MG presumably account, at least in part, for endothelial dysfunction in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Su
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Syed M Qadri
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Lingyun Wu
- Department of Health Sciences, Lakehead University and Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Lixin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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49
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Assessment of endothelial dysfunction: the role of symmetrical dimethylarginine and proinflammatory markers in chronic kidney disease and renal transplant recipients. DISEASE MARKERS 2013; 35:173-80. [PMID: 24167363 PMCID: PMC3774969 DOI: 10.1155/2013/306908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study was designed to evaluate associations between symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), inflammation, and superoxide anion (O2∙-) with endothelial function and to determine their potential for screening of endothelial dysfunction in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and renal transplant (RT) recipients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We included 64 CKD and 52 RT patients. Patients were stratified according to brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD). RESULTS Logistic regression analysis showed that high SDMA and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were associated with impaired FMD in CKD and RT patients, after adjustment for glomerular filtration rate. The ability of inflammation, SDMA, and O2∙- to detect impaired FMD was investigated by receiving operative characteristic analysis. Hs-CRP (area under the curves (AUC) = 0.754, P < 0.001), IL-6 (AUC = 0.699, P = 0.002), and SDMA (AUC = 0.689, P = 0.007) had the highest ability to detect impaired FMD. SDMA in combination with inflammatory parameters and/or O2∙- had better screening performance than SDMA alone. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate a strong predictable association between hs-CRP, SDMA, and endothelial dysfunction in CKD patients and RT recipients. The individual marker that showed the strongest discriminative ability for endothelial dysfunction is hs-CRP, but its usefulness as a discriminatory marker for efficient diagnosis of endothelial dysfunction should be examined in prospective studies.
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50
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Sezer M, Akdeniz C, Aslanger E, Kaplan A, Yilmaz A, Guz G, Umman B, Bugra Z, Umman S. Role of C-reactive protein in determining microvascular function in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Am J Cardiol 2013; 111:1734-8. [PMID: 23558042 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The extent of coronary microvascular dysfunction might be related, not only to patient characteristics and procedural factors, but also to the inflammatory status. The aim of the present study was to examine a possible association between inflammation, as reflected by the serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and the extent of baseline and post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) coronary microvascular dysfunction in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome undergoing PCI. A total of 42 patients undergoing PCI for non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome were enrolled. Coronary microvascular resistance (MR) was determined in the territory of culprit artery using a Doppler probe- and a pressure sensor-equipped guidewire both before (taking the collateral blood into account) and after PCI. The periprocedural changes in MR were calculated. The CRP levels at admission were correlated with the pre-PCI MR (r = 0.498, p = 0.001), post-PCI MR (r = 0.429, p = 0.005), and periprocedural changes in MR (r = 0.785, p <0.001). On multivariate regression analysis, the only predictor of the pre-PCI (β = 0.531, p = 0.002) and post-PCI (β = 0.471, p = 0.012) MR was the serum CRP concentration. Likewise, the periprocedural changes in MR was predicted by the serum CRP levels (β = 0.677, p = 0.001) and the presence of angiographic thrombus (β = -0.275, p = 0.02). In conclusion, these results have shown that the CRP level is related to increased coronary MR in the territory of the culprit lesion. This suggests that inflammatory processes might play a role in microvascular impairment in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Sezer
- Department of Cardiology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Capa, Istanbul, Turkey.
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