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Jeyaraman M, Verma T, Jeyaraman N, Patro BP, Nallakumarasamy A, Khanna M. Is mandible derived mesenchymal stromal cells superior in proliferation and regeneration to long bone-derived mesenchymal stromal cells? World J Methodol 2023; 13:10-17. [PMID: 37035028 PMCID: PMC10080497 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v13.i2.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are cells with the characteristic ability of self-renewal along with the ability to exhibit multilineage differentiation. Bone marrow (BM) is the first tissue in which MSCs were identified and BM-MSCs are most commonly used among various MSCs in clinical settings. MSCs can stimulate and promote osseous regeneration. Due to the difference in the development of long bones and craniofacial bones, the mandibular-derived MSCs (M-MSCs) have distinct differentiation characteristics as compared to that of long bones. Both mandibular and long bone-derived MSCs are positive for MSC-associated markers such as CD-73, -105, and -106, stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 and Octamer-4, and negative for hematopoietic markers such as CD-14, -34, and -45. As the M-MSCs are derived from neural crest cells, they have embryogenic cells which promote bone repair and high osteogenic potential. In vitro and in vivo animal-based studies demonstrate a higher rate of proliferation and high osteogenic potential for M-MSCs as compared to long-bones MSCs, but in vivo studies in human subjects are lacking. The BM-MSCs have their advantages and limitations. M-MSCs may be utilized as an alternative source of MSCs which can be utilized for tissue engineering and promoting the regeneration of bone. M-MSCs may have potential advantages in the repair of craniofacial or orofacial defects. Considering the utility of M-MSCs in the field of orthopaedics, we have discussed various unresolved questions, which need to be explored for their better utility in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhan Jeyaraman
- Department of Orthopaedics, ACS Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600056, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Indian Stem Cell Study Group Association, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tushar Verma
- Department of Orthopaedic Rheumatology, Fellow in Indian Orthopaedic Rheumatology Association, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Naveen Jeyaraman
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Indian Stem Cell Study Group Association, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Orthopaedic Rheumatology, Fellow in Indian Orthopaedic Rheumatology Association, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rathimed Speciality Hospital, Chennai 600040, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bishnu Prasad Patro
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Indian Stem Cell Study Group Association, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751019, Odisha, India
| | - Arulkumar Nallakumarasamy
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Indian Stem Cell Study Group Association, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Orthopaedic Rheumatology, Fellow in Indian Orthopaedic Rheumatology Association, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751019, Odisha, India
| | - Manish Khanna
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Indian Stem Cell Study Group Association, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Röderer P, Belu A, Heidrich L, Siobal M, Isensee J, Prolingheuer J, Janocha E, Valdor M, Hagendorf S, Bahrenberg G, Opitz T, Segschneider M, Haupt S, Nitzsche A, Brüstle O, Hucho T. Emergence of nociceptive functionality and opioid signaling in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived sensory neurons. Pain 2023:00006396-990000000-00249. [PMID: 36727909 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have enabled the generation of various difficult-to-access cell types such as human nociceptors. A key challenge associated with human iPSC-derived nociceptors (hiPSCdNs) is their prolonged functional maturation. While numerous studies have addressed the expression of classic neuronal markers and ion channels in hiPSCdNs, the temporal development of key signaling cascades regulating nociceptor activity has remained largely unexplored. In this study, we used an immunocytochemical high-content imaging approach alongside electrophysiological staging to assess metabotropic and ionotropic signaling of large scale-generated hiPSCdNs across 70 days of in vitro differentiation. During this period, the resting membrane potential became more hyperpolarized, while rheobase, action potential peak amplitude, and membrane capacitance increased. After 70 days, hiPSCdNs exhibited robust physiological responses induced by GABA, pH shift, ATP, and capsaicin. Direct activation of protein kinase A type II (PKA-II) through adenylyl cyclase stimulation with forskolin resulted in PKA-II activation at all time points. Depolarization-induced activation of PKA-II emerged after 35 days of differentiation. However, effective inhibition of forskolin-induced PKA-II activation by opioid receptor agonists required 70 days of in vitro differentiation. Our results identify a pronounced time difference between early expression of functionally important ion channels and emergence of regulatory metabotropic sensitizing and desensitizing signaling only at advanced stages of in vitro cultivation, suggesting an independent regulation of ionotropic and metabotropic signaling. These data are relevant for devising future studies into the development and regulation of human nociceptor function and for defining time windows suitable for hiPSCdN-based drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Röderer
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn
- LIFE & BRAIN GmbH, Cellomics Unit, Bonn, Germany, Germany
| | - Andreea Belu
- Translational Pain Research, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Luzia Heidrich
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn
- LIFE & BRAIN GmbH, Cellomics Unit, Bonn, Germany, Germany
| | - Maike Siobal
- Translational Pain Research, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Isensee
- Translational Pain Research, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jonathan Prolingheuer
- Translational Pain Research, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Thoralf Opitz
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michaela Segschneider
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn
| | - Simone Haupt
- LIFE & BRAIN GmbH, Cellomics Unit, Bonn, Germany, Germany
| | - Anja Nitzsche
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn
- LIFE & BRAIN GmbH, Cellomics Unit, Bonn, Germany, Germany
| | - Oliver Brüstle
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn
- LIFE & BRAIN GmbH, Cellomics Unit, Bonn, Germany, Germany
| | - Tim Hucho
- Translational Pain Research, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Gao P, Liu S, Wang X, Ikeya M. Dental applications of induced pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2022; 58:162-171. [PMID: 35516907 PMCID: PMC9065891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal tissue regeneration is the ideal tactic for treating periodontitis. Tooth regeneration is the potential strategy to restore the lost teeth. With infinite self-renewal, broad differentiation potential, and less ethical issues than embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are promising cell resource for periodontal and tooth regeneration. This review summarized the optimized technologies of generating iPSC lines and application of iPSC derivatives, which reduce the risk of tumorigenicity. Given that iPSCs may have epigenetic memory from the donor tissue and tend to differentiate into lineages along with the donor cells, iPSCs derived from dental tissues may benefit for personalized dental application. Neural crest cells (NCCs) and mesenchymal stem or stomal cells (MSCs) are lineage-specific progenitor cells derived from iPSCs and can differentiate into multilineage cell types. This review introduced the updated technologies of inducing iPSC-derived NCCs and iPSC-derived MSCs and their application in periodontal and tooth regeneration. Given the complexity of periodontal tissues and teeth, it is crucial to elucidate the integrated mechanisms of all constitutive cells and the spatio-temporal interactions among them to generate structural periodontal tissues and functional teeth. Thus, more sophisticated studies in vitro and in vivo and even preclinical investigations need to be conducted.
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Reutov VP, Davydova LA, Sorokina EG. Tissue-Engineered Constructions in Biophysics, Neurology and Other Fields and Branches of Medicine. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2022; 67:816-834. [PMID: 36567971 PMCID: PMC9762671 DOI: 10.1134/s0006350922050141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the gangliopexy method, a method for creating a new center of local neurohumoral regulation, based on the formation of new connections discovered between the nervous system and the vascular system. The prospects for the development of this method are studied. At the same time, novel concepts about the cycles of nitric oxide and the superoxide anion radical are introduced. A possible role of these cycles is examined in the protection of cells and the body as a whole against oxidative and nitrosative stress, which develops when (in 5-30% of cases) destructive changes in the displaced ganglion lead to vascular complications and an increased risk of mortality. Mechanisms that can protect nerve cells, prevent the development of destructive changes in these cells and reduce the risk of mortality are also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. P. Reutov
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia
| | - L. A. Davydova
- Belarusian State Medical University, 220116 Minsk, Belarus
| | - E. G. Sorokina
- National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Sart S, Liu C, Zeng EZ, Xu C, Li Y. Downstream bioprocessing of human pluripotent stem cell‐derived therapeutics. Eng Life Sci 2021; 22:667-680. [PMID: 36348655 PMCID: PMC9635003 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advancement in lineage‐specific differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), downstream cell separation has now become a critical step to produce hPSC‐derived products. Since differentiation procedures usually result in a heterogeneous cell population, cell separation needs to be performed either to enrich the desired cell population or remove the undesired cell population. This article summarizes recent advances in separation processes for hPSC‐derived cells, including the standard separation technologies, such as magnetic‐activated cell sorting, as well as the novel separation strategies, such as those based on adhesion strength and metabolic flux. Specifically, the downstream bioprocessing flow and the identification of surface markers for various cell lineages are discussed. While challenges remain for large‐scale downstream bioprocessing of hPSC‐derived cells, the rational quality‐by‐design approach should be implemented to enhance the understanding of the relationship between process and the product and to ensure the safety of the produced cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Sart
- Laboratory of Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering Department of Genome and Genetics Institut Pasteur Paris France
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering FAMU‐FSU College of Engineering Florida State University Tallahassee FL USA
| | - Eric Z. Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering FAMU‐FSU College of Engineering Florida State University Tallahassee FL USA
| | - Chunhui Xu
- Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Atlanta GA USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering FAMU‐FSU College of Engineering Florida State University Tallahassee FL USA
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Directed Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells towards Corneal Endothelial-Like Cells under Defined Conditions. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020331. [PMID: 33562615 PMCID: PMC7915025 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The most crucial function of corneal endothelial cells (CEnCs) is to maintain optical transparency by transporting excess fluid out of stroma. Unfortunately, CEnCs are not able to proliferate in vivo in the case of trauma or dystrophy. Visually impaired patients with corneal endothelial deficiencies that are waiting for transplantation due to massive global shortage of cadaveric corneal transplants are in a great need of help. In this study, our goal was to develop a defined, clinically applicable protocol for direct differentiation of CEnCs from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). To produce feeder-free hPSC-CEnCs, we used small molecule induction with transforming growth factor (TGF) beta receptor inhibitor SB431542, GSK-3-specific inhibitor CHIR99021 and retinoic acid to guide differentiation through the neural crest and periocular mesenchyme (POM). Cells were characterized by the morphology and expression of human (h)CEnC markers with immunocytochemistry and RT-qPCR. After one week of induction, we observed the upregulation of POM markers paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 2 (PITX2) and Forkhead box C1 (FOXC1) and polygonal-shaped cells expressing CEnC-associated markers Zona Occludens-1 (ZO-1), sodium-potassium (Na+/K+)-ATPase, CD166, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 1 (SLC4A4), aquaporin 1 (AQP1) and N-cadherin (NCAD). Furthermore, we showed that retinoic acid induced a dome formation in the cell culture, with a possible indication of fluid transport by the differentiated cells. Thus, we successfully generated CEnC-like cells from hPSCs with a defined, simple and fast differentiation method.
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Insights into Differentiation of Melanocytes from Human Stem Cells and Their Relevance for Melanoma Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092508. [PMID: 32899370 PMCID: PMC7564443 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The reactivation of embryonic developmental programs is crucial for melanoma cells to grow and to metastasize. In order to understand this process better, we first summarize the melanocytic differentiation process both in vivo and in vitro. Secondly, we compare and highlight important similarities between neural crest cell fate during differentiation and tumor cell characteristics during melanoma mestastasis. Finally, we suggest possible therapeutic targets, which could be used to inhibit phenotype switching by developmental cues and hence also suppress the metastatic melanoma spread. Abstract Malignant melanoma represents a highly aggressive form of skin cancer. The metastatic process itself is mostly governed by the so-called epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), which confers cancer cells migrative, invasive and resistance abilities. Since EMT represents a conserved developmental process, it is worthwhile further examining the nature of early developmental steps fundamental for melanocyte differentiation. This can be done either in vivo by analyzing the physiologic embryo development in different species or by in vitro studies of melanocytic differentiation originating from embryonic human stem cells. Most importantly, external cues drive progenitor cell differentiation, which can be divided in stages favoring neural crest specification or melanocytic differentiation and proliferation. In this review, we describe ectopic factors which drive human pluripotent stem cell differentiation to melanocytes in 2D, as well as in organoid models. Furthermore, we compare developmental mechanisms with processes described to occur during melanoma development. Finally, we suggest differentiation factors as potential co-treatment options for metastatic melanoma patients.
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Sox10 Is a Specific Biomarker for Neural Crest Stem Cells in Immunohistochemical Staining in Wistar Rats. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:8893703. [PMID: 32908618 PMCID: PMC7477616 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8893703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objective Neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) are prototypically migratory cells immigrating from the dorsal neural tube to specific embryonic sites where they generate a variety of cell types. A lot of biomarkers for NCSCs have been identified. However, which biomarkers are the most specific is still unclear. Methods The rat embryos harvested in embryonic day 9 (E9), E9.5, E10, E10.5, E11, E12, E13, and E14 were paraffin-embedded and sectioned in transverse. NCSCs were spatiotemporally demonstrated by immunohistochemical staining with RET, p75NTR, Pax7, and Sox10. NCSCs were isolated, cultured, and stained with RET, p75NTR, Pax7, and Sox10. Results In the paraffin sections of rat embryos, the immunohistochemical staining of RET, p75NTR, and Sox10 can all be used in demonstrating NCSCs. Sox10 was positive mainly in NCSCs while RET and p75NTR were positive not only in NCSCs but also in other tissue cells. In primary culture cells, Sox10 was mainly in the nucleus of NCSCs, RET was mainly in the membrane, and p75NTR was positive in cytoplasm and membrane. Conclusions Sox10 is the specific marker for immunohistochemical staining of NCSCs in paraffin sections. In cultured cells, Sox10, p75NTR, and RET presented a similar staining effect.
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Li C, Wang F, Zhang R, Qiao P, Liu H. Comparison of Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation Potential of Rat Mandibular and Femoral Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Vitro. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:728-736. [PMID: 32122257 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjie Li
- Medical College of Naikai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifan Wang
- Medical College of Naikai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Institute of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyan Qiao
- Institute of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongchen Liu
- Medical College of Naikai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Schwartz PH. Neural stem cells in health and disease. Methods 2018; 133:1-2. [PMID: 29425545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Philip H Schwartz
- National Human Neural Stem Cell Resource, Children's Hospital of Orange County Research Institute, 1201 West La Veta Avenue, Orange, CA 92868-4203, United States.
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