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Mathew AR, Di Matteo G, La Rosa P, Barbati SA, Mannina L, Moreno S, Tata AM, Cavallucci V, Fidaleo M. Vitamin B12 Deficiency and the Nervous System: Beyond Metabolic Decompensation-Comparing Biological Models and Gaining New Insights into Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:590. [PMID: 38203763 PMCID: PMC10778862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B12 (VitB12) is a micronutrient and acts as a cofactor for fundamental biochemical reactions: the synthesis of succinyl-CoA from methylmalonyl-CoA and biotin, and the synthesis of methionine from folic acid and homocysteine. VitB12 deficiency can determine a wide range of diseases, including nervous system impairments. Although clinical evidence shows a direct role of VitB12 in neuronal homeostasis, the molecular mechanisms are yet to be characterized in depth. Earlier investigations focused on exploring the biochemical shifts resulting from a deficiency in the function of VitB12 as a coenzyme, while more recent studies propose a broader mechanism, encompassing changes at the molecular/cellular levels. Here, we explore existing study models employed to investigate the role of VitB12 in the nervous system, including the challenges inherent in replicating deficiency/supplementation in experimental settings. Moreover, we discuss the potential biochemical alterations and ensuing mechanisms that might be modified at the molecular/cellular level (such as epigenetic modifications or changes in lysosomal activity). We also address the role of VitB12 deficiency in initiating processes that contribute to nervous system deterioration, including ROS accumulation, inflammation, and demyelination. Consequently, a complex biological landscape emerges, requiring further investigative efforts to grasp the intricacies involved and identify potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee Rachel Mathew
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.M.); (A.M.T.)
| | - Giacomo Di Matteo
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.D.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Piergiorgio La Rosa
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- European Center for Brain Research, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Saviana Antonella Barbati
- Departmental Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luisa Mannina
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.D.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Sandra Moreno
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy;
- Laboratory of Neurodevelopment, Neurogenetics and Neuromolecular Biology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Ada Maria Tata
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.M.); (A.M.T.)
- Research Centre of Neurobiology “Daniel Bovet”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Virve Cavallucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Fidaleo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.M.); (A.M.T.)
- Research Center for Nanotechnology Applied to Engineering (CNIS), Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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González-Lamuño D, Arrieta-Blanco FJ, Fuentes ED, Forga-Visa MT, Morales-Conejo M, Peña-Quintana L, Vitoria-Miñana I. Hyperhomocysteinemia in Adult Patients: A Treatable Metabolic Condition. Nutrients 2023; 16:135. [PMID: 38201964 PMCID: PMC10780827 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is recognized as an independent risk factor for various significant medical conditions, yet controversy persists around its assessment and management. The diagnosis of disorders afffecting homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism faces delays due to insufficient awareness of its clinical presentation and unique biochemical characteristics. In cases of arterial or venous thrombotic vascular events, particularly with other comorbidities, it is crucial to consider moderate to severe HHcy. A nutritional approach to HHcy management involves implementing dietary strategies and targeted supplementation, emphasizing key nutrients like vitamin B6, B12, and folate that are crucial for Hcy conversion. Adequate intake of these vitamins, along with betaine supplementation, supports Hcy remethylation. Lifestyle modifications, such as smoking cessation and regular physical activity, complement the nutritional approach to enhance Hcy metabolism. For individuals with HHcy, maintaining a plasma Hcy concentration below 50 μmol/L consistently is vital to lowering the risk of vascular events. Collaboration with healthcare professionals and dietitians is essential for developing personalized dietary plans addressing the specific needs and underlying health conditions. This integrated approach aims to optimize metabolic processes and reduce the associated health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena Dios Fuentes
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, 41013 Sevilla, Spain;
| | | | - Monstserrat Morales-Conejo
- Unit for Congenital Metabolic Diseases and Other Rare Diseases, Internal Medicine Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Luis Peña-Quintana
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Insular Materno-Infantil University Hospital Complex, Asociación Canaria de Investigación Pediátrica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain;
| | - Isidro Vitoria-Miñana
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Unit, La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain
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3
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Scalais E, Geron C, Pierron C, Cardillo S, Schlesser V, Mataigne F, Borde P, Regal L. Would, early, versus late hydroxocobalamin dose intensification treatment, prevent cognitive decline, macular degeneration and ocular disease, in 5 patients with early-onset cblC deficiency? Mol Genet Metab 2023; 140:107681. [PMID: 37604084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2023.107681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
In early-onset (EO) cblC deficiency (MMACHC), hydroxocobalamin dose-intensification (OHCBL-DI) improved biochemical and clinical outcome. In mammals, Cobalamin is reduced, in a reaction mediated by MMACHC. Pathogenic variants in MMACHC disrupt the synthesis pathway of methyl-cobalamin (MetCbl) and 5'-deoxy-adenosyl-cobalamin (AdoCbl), cofactors for both methionine synthase (MS) and methyl-malonyl-CoA mutase (MCM) enzymes. In 5 patients (pts.), with EO cblC deficiency, biochemical and clinical responses were studied following OHCbl-DI (mean ± SD 6,5 ± 3,3 mg/kg/day), given early, before age 5 months (pts. 1, 2, 3 and 4) or lately, at age 5 years (pt. 5). In all pts., total homocysteine (tHcy), methyl-malonic acid (MMA) and Cob(III)alamin levels were measured. Follow-up was performed during 74/12 years (pts. 1, 2, 3), 33/12 years (pt. 4) and 34/12 years (pt. 5). OHCbl was delivered intravenously or subcutaneously. Mean ± SD serum Cob(III)alamin levels were 42,2 × 106 ± 28, 0 × 106 pg/ml (normal: 200-900 pg/ml). In all pts., biomarkers were well controlled. All pts., except pt. 5, who had poor vision, had central vision, mild to moderate nystagmus, and with peri-foveolar irregularity in pts. 1, 2 and 4, yet none had the classic bulls' eye maculopathy and retinal degeneration characteristic of pts. with EO cblC deficiency. Only pt. 5, had severe cognitive deficiency. Both visual and cognitive functions were better preserved with early than with late OHCBL-DI. OHCBL-DI is suggested to bypass MMACHC, subsequently to be rescued by methionine synthase reductase (MSR) and adenosyl-transferase (ATR) to obtain Cob(I)alamin resulting in improved cognitive and retinal function in pts. with EO cblC deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Scalais
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
| | - Christine Geron
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal Center, Pediatric Intensive Care, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Charlotte Pierron
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal Center, Pediatric Intensive Care, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Sandra Cardillo
- Service d'Ophtalmologie, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Vincent Schlesser
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Frédéric Mataigne
- Service de Neuroradiologie, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Patricia Borde
- Service de Biochimie, Laboratoire National de Santé, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Luc Regal
- Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism, UZ, VUB, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
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Wiedemann A, Oussalah A, Lamireau N, Théron M, Julien M, Mergnac JP, Augay B, Deniaud P, Alix T, Frayssinoux M, Feillet F, Guéant JL. Clinical, phenotypic and genetic landscape of case reports with genetically proven inherited disorders of vitamin B 12 metabolism: A meta-analysis. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100670. [PMID: 35764087 PMCID: PMC9381384 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Inherited disorders of B12 metabolism produce a broad spectrum of manifestations, with limited knowledge of the influence of age and the function of related genes. We report a meta-analysis on 824 patients with a genetically proven diagnosis of an inherited disorder of vitamin B12 metabolism. Gene clusters and age categories are associated with patients' manifestations. The "cytoplasmic transport" cluster is associated with neurological and ophthalmological manifestations, the "mitochondrion" cluster with hypotonia, acute metabolic decompensation, and death, and the "B12 availability" and "remethylation" clusters with anemia and cytopenia. Hypotonia, EEG abnormalities, nystagmus, and strabismus are predominant in the younger patients, while neurological manifestations, such as walking difficulties, peripheral neuropathy, pyramidal syndrome, cerebral atrophy, psychiatric disorders, and thromboembolic manifestations, are predominant in the older patients. These results should prompt systematic checking of markers of vitamin B12 status, including homocysteine and methylmalonic acid, when usual causes of these manifestations are discarded in adult patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Wiedemann
- Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure (NGERE), Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, University of Lorraine, INSERM UMR_S 1256, 54000 Nancy, France; Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France; Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism (ORPHA67872), University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Abderrahim Oussalah
- Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure (NGERE), Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, University of Lorraine, INSERM UMR_S 1256, 54000 Nancy, France; Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism (ORPHA67872), University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France; Department of Molecular Medicine, Division of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Nathalie Lamireau
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Maurane Théron
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Melissa Julien
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Division of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France
| | | | - Baptiste Augay
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Pauline Deniaud
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Tom Alix
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Division of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Marine Frayssinoux
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Division of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - François Feillet
- Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure (NGERE), Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, University of Lorraine, INSERM UMR_S 1256, 54000 Nancy, France; Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France; Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism (ORPHA67872), University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Louis Guéant
- Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure (NGERE), Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, University of Lorraine, INSERM UMR_S 1256, 54000 Nancy, France; Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism (ORPHA67872), University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France; Department of Molecular Medicine, Division of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France.
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5
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Kripps KA, Sremba L, Larson AA, Van Hove JLK, Nguyen H, Wright EL, Mirsky DM, Watkins D, Rosenblatt DS, Ketteridge D, Berry SA, McCandless SE, Baker PR. Methionine synthase deficiency: Variable clinical presentation and benefit of early diagnosis and treatment. J Inherit Metab Dis 2022; 45:157-168. [PMID: 34625984 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Methionine synthase deficiency (cblG complementation group) is a rare inborn error of metabolism affecting the homocysteine re-methylation pathway. It leads to a biochemical phenotype of hyperhomocysteinemia and hypomethioninemia. The clinical presentation of cblG is variable, ranging from seizures, encephalopathy, macrocytic anemia, hypotonia, and feeding difficulties in the neonatal period to onset of psychiatric symptoms or acute neurologic changes in adolescence or adulthood. Given the variable and nonspecific symptoms seen in cblG, the diagnosis of affected patients is often delayed. Medical management of cblG includes the use of hydroxocobalamin, betaine, folinic acid, and in some cases methionine supplementation. Treatment has been shown to lead to improvement in the biochemical profile of affected patients, with lowering of total homocysteine levels and increasing methionine levels. However, the published literature contains differing conclusions on whether treatment is effective in changing the natural history of the disease. Herein, we present five patients with cblG who have shown substantial clinical benefit from treatment with objective improvement in their neurologic outcomes. We demonstrate more favorable outcomes in our patients who were treated early in life, especially those who were treated before neurologic symptoms manifested. Given improved outcomes from treatment of presymptomatic patients, cblG warrants inclusion in newborn screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Kripps
- Section of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Leighann Sremba
- Section of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Austin A Larson
- Section of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Johan L K Van Hove
- Section of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Hoanh Nguyen
- Section of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Erica L Wright
- Section of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - David M Mirsky
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado, and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - David Watkins
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David S Rosenblatt
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Ketteridge
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Susan A Berry
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shawn E McCandless
- Section of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Peter R Baker
- Section of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Matmat K, Guéant-Rodriguez RM, Oussalah A, Wiedemann-Fodé A, Dionisi-Vici C, Coelho D, Guéant JL, Conart JB. Ocular manifestations in patients with inborn errors of intracellular cobalamin metabolism: a systematic review. Hum Genet 2021; 141:1239-1251. [PMID: 34652574 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Inherited disorders of cobalamin (cbl) metabolism (cblA-J) result in accumulation of methylmalonic acid (MMA) and/or homocystinuria (HCU). Clinical presentation includes ophthalmological manifestations related to retina, optic nerve and posterior visual alterations, mainly reported in cblC and sporadically in other cbl inborn errors.We searched MEDLINE EMBASE and Cochrane Library, and analyzed articles reporting ocular manifestations in cbl inborn errors. Out of 166 studies a total of 52 studies reporting 163 cbl and 24 mut cases were included. Ocular manifestations were found in all cbl defects except for cblB and cblD-MMA; cblC was the most frequent disorder affecting 137 (84.0%) patients. The c.271dupA was the most common pathogenic variant, accounting for 70/105 (66.7%) cases. One hundred and thirty-seven out of 154 (88.9%) patients presented with early-onset disease (0-12 months). Nystagmus and strabismus were observed in all groups with the exception of MMA patients while maculopathy and peripheral retinal degeneration were almost exclusively found in MMA-HCU patients. Optic nerve damage ranging from mild temporal disc pallor to complete atrophy was prevalent in MMA-HCU.and MMA groups. Nystagmus was frequent in early-onset patients. Retinal and macular degeneration worsened despite early treatment and stabilized systemic function in these patients. The functional prognosis remains poor with final visual acuity < 20/200 in 55.6% (25/45) of cases. In conclusion, the spectrum of eye disease in Cbl patients depends on metabolic severity and age of onset. The development of visual manifestations over time despite early metabolic treatment point out the need for specific innovative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Matmat
- UMR_S 1256, NGERE - Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure, INSERM, University of Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Rosa-Maria Guéant-Rodriguez
- UMR_S 1256, NGERE - Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure, INSERM, University of Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France.
- National Center of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, University Regional Hospital Center of Nancy, 54000, Nancy, France.
| | - Abderrahim Oussalah
- UMR_S 1256, NGERE - Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure, INSERM, University of Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France
- National Center of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, University Regional Hospital Center of Nancy, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Arnaud Wiedemann-Fodé
- UMR_S 1256, NGERE - Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure, INSERM, University of Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Carlo Dionisi-Vici
- Division of Metabolism, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - David Coelho
- UMR_S 1256, NGERE - Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure, INSERM, University of Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Louis Guéant
- UMR_S 1256, NGERE - Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure, INSERM, University of Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France
- National Center of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, University Regional Hospital Center of Nancy, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Conart
- UMR_S 1256, NGERE - Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure, INSERM, University of Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nancy University Hospital, 54500, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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Rigaudière F, Nasser H, Delouvrier E, Milani P, Schiff M. Subclinical maculopathy and retinopathy in transcobalamin deficiency: a 10-year follow-up. Doc Ophthalmol 2021; 144:53-65. [PMID: 34491492 DOI: 10.1007/s10633-021-09849-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transcobalamin (TC) transports cobalamin (vitamin B12) from plasma into cells. Its congenital deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder due to mutations in the TCN2 gene. It causes intracellular cobalamin depletion with early onset in the first months of life, failure to thrive with pallor due to megaloblastic anemia. It can be associated with pancytopenia, gastrointestinal symptoms with vomiting, diarrhea, and neurological complications with myelopathy. Aggressive vitamin B12 parenteral therapy must be instituted early and continuously. Retinopathy and maculopathy are rarely associated with this condition. SUBJECT We report the electrophysiological results of one TC-deficient patient diagnosed at the age of 4 months immediately and continuosly treated by hydroxocobalamin IM. Her visual function was followed by eight ophthalmological assessments, eight flash-ERG, six EOG, one mf-ERG, and seven P-ERG recordings over a 10-year period, between the age of 2y 9 m and 12y 6 m. RESULTS Her ophthalmological assessment including visual acuity, fundi, optical coherent tomography (OCT), and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) remained normal. From the age of 2y 9 m to 5y, dark-adapted and light-adapted flash-ERGs, EOGs and pattern-ERG were normal. From the age of 6y 4 m to 12y 6 m, dark-adapted flash-ERGs and EOGs remained normal. Cone a-wave amplitudes remained normal, whereas cone b-wave and flicker-response amplitudes were decreased. At the age of 12y 6 m, mf-ERG N1P1 amplitudes on the central 30° were decreased. From the age of 7y 4 m to 12y 6 m, P-ERG P50 amplitudes were decreased with no N95. COMMENTS While clinical and anatomical assessments remained normal over a 10-year period, patient's electrophysiological results suggested the progressive onset of a subclinical retinopathy of inner-cone dystrophy type, and a subclinical maculopathy on the central 30° including the ganglion cell layer deficiency on the central 15°, despite continuous intramuscular treatment, RPE and scotopic system remaining normal. The origins of such subclinical retinopathy and maculopathy are unknown and independent of early disease identification and aggressive intramuscular hydroxocobalamin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Rigaudière
- Service de Physiologie Clinique. Explorations Fonctionnelles, DMU DREAM, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, Paris, France. .,Faculté de Médecine Paris-Diderot, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Hala Nasser
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital Robert Debré, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital Robert Debré, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Paolo Milani
- Service de Physiologie Clinique. Explorations Fonctionnelles, DMU DREAM, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Manuel Schiff
- Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes, Necker University Hospital, AP-HP, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Institut Imagine, Inserm UMRS_1163, Paris, France
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8
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Kiessling E, Nötzli S, Todorova V, Forny M, Baumgartner MR, Samardzija M, Krijt J, Kožich V, Grimm C, Froese DS. Absence of MMACHC in peripheral retinal cells does not lead to an ocular phenotype in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166201. [PMID: 34147638 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Combined methylmalonic aciduria with homocystinuria (cblC type) is a rare disease caused by mutations in the MMACHC gene. MMACHC encodes an enzyme crucial for intracellular vitamin B12 metabolism, leading to the accumulation of toxic metabolites e.g. methylmalonic acid (MMA) and homocysteine (Hcy), and secondary disturbances in folate and one-carbon metabolism when not fully functional. Patients with cblC deficiency often present in the neonatal or early childhood period with a severe multisystem pathology, which comprises a broad spectrum of treatment-resistant ophthalmological phenotypes, including retinal degeneration, impaired vision, and vascular changes. To examine the potential function of MMACHC in the retina and how its loss may impact disease, we performed gene expression studies in human and mouse, which showed that local expression of MMACHC in the retina and retinal pigment epithelium is relatively stable over time. To study whether functional MMACHC is required for retinal function and tissue integrity, we generated a transgenic mouse lacking Mmachc expression in cells of the peripheral retina. Characterization of this mouse revealed accumulation of cblC disease related metabolites, including MMA and the folate-dependent purine synthesis intermediates AICA-riboside and SAICA-riboside in the retina. Nevertheless, fundus appearance, morphology, vasculature, and cellular composition of the retina, as well as ocular function, remained normal in mice up to 6 or 12 months of age. Our data indicates that peripheral retinal neurons do not require intrinsic expression of Mmachc for survival and function and questions whether a local MMACHC deficiency is responsible for the retinal phenotypes in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kiessling
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Dept. Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Nötzli
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Dept. Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Vyara Todorova
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Dept. Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Merima Forny
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias R Baumgartner
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marijana Samardzija
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Dept. Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jakub Krijt
- Dept. of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University-First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Kožich
- Dept. of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University-First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Christian Grimm
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Dept. Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - D Sean Froese
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Switzerland.
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9
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Bourque DK, Mellin‐Sanchez LE, Bullivant G, Cruz V, Feigenbaum A, Hewson S, Raiman J, Schulze A, Siriwardena K, Mercimek‐Andrews S. Outcomes of patients with cobalamin C deficiency: A single center experience. JIMD Rep 2021; 57:102-114. [PMID: 33473346 PMCID: PMC7802631 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Biallelic variants in MMACHC results in the combined methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria, called cobalamin (cbl) C (cblC) deficiency. We report 26 patients with cblC deficiency with their phenotypes, genotypes, biochemical parameters, and treatment outcomes, who were diagnosed and treated at our center. We divided all cblC patients into two groups: group 1: SX group: identified after manifestations of symptoms (n = 11) and group 2: NB group: identified during the asymptomatic period via newborn screening (NBS) or positive family history of cblC deficiency (n = 15). All patients in the SX group had global developmental delay and/or cognitive dysfunction at the time of the diagnosis and at the last assessment. Seizure, stroke, retinopathy, anemia, cerebral atrophy, and thin corpus callosum in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were common in patients in the SX group. Global developmental delay and cognitive dysfunction was present in nine patients in the NB group at the last assessment. Retinopathy, anemia, and cerebral atrophy and thin corpus callosum in brain MRI were less frequent. We report favorable outcomes in patients identified in the neonatal period and treated pre-symptomatically. Identification of cblC deficiency by NBS is crucial to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle K. Bourque
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of PediatricsThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Lizbeth E. Mellin‐Sanchez
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of PediatricsThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Garrett Bullivant
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of PediatricsThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Vivian Cruz
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of PediatricsThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Anette Feigenbaum
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of PediatricsThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Stacy Hewson
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of PediatricsThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Julian Raiman
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of PediatricsThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Andreas Schulze
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of PediatricsThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Komudi Siriwardena
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of PediatricsThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Saadet Mercimek‐Andrews
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of PediatricsThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
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10
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Ocular findings in a patient with methylmalonic acidemia and homocystinuria. J Fr Ophtalmol 2020; 44:268-269. [PMID: 33199039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2020.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Sloan JL, Achilly NP, Arnold ML, Catlett JL, Blake T, Bishop K, Jones M, Harper U, English MA, Anderson S, Trivedi NS, Elkahloun A, Hoffmann V, Brooks BP, Sood R, Venditti CP. The vitamin B12 processing enzyme, mmachc, is essential for zebrafish survival, growth and retinal morphology. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:2109-2123. [PMID: 32186706 PMCID: PMC7399538 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cobalamin C (cblC) deficiency, the most common inborn error of intracellular cobalamin metabolism, is caused by mutations in MMACHC, a gene responsible for the processing and intracellular trafficking of vitamin B12. This recessive disorder is characterized by a failure to metabolize cobalamin into adenosyl- and methylcobalamin, which results in the biochemical perturbations of methylmalonic acidemia, hyperhomocysteinemia and hypomethioninemia caused by the impaired activity of the downstream enzymes, methylmalonyl-CoA mutase and methionine synthase. Cobalamin C deficiency can be accompanied by a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, including progressive blindness, and, in mice, manifests with very early embryonic lethality. Because zebrafish harbor a full complement of cobalamin metabolic enzymes, we used genome editing to study the loss of mmachc function and to develop the first viable animal model of cblC deficiency. mmachc mutants survived the embryonic period but perished in early juvenile life. The mutants displayed the metabolic and clinical features of cblC deficiency including methylmalonic acidemia, severe growth retardation and lethality. Morphologic and metabolic parameters improved when the mutants were raised in water supplemented with small molecules used to treat patients, including hydroxocobalamin, methylcobalamin, methionine and betaine. Furthermore, mmachc mutants bred to express rod and/or cone fluorescent reporters, manifested a retinopathy and thin optic nerves (ON). Expression analysis using whole eye mRNA revealed the dysregulation of genes involved in phototransduction and cholesterol metabolism. Zebrafish with mmachc deficiency recapitulate the several of the phenotypic and biochemical features of the human disorder, including ocular pathology, and show a response to established treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Sloan
- Organic Acid Research Section, Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Nathan P Achilly
- Organic Acid Research Section, Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Madeline L Arnold
- Organic Acid Research Section, Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Jerrel L Catlett
- Organic Acid Research Section, Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Trevor Blake
- Zebrafish Core Facility, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Kevin Bishop
- Zebrafish Core Facility, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Marypat Jones
- Genomics Core, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Ursula Harper
- Genomics Core, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Milton A English
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Stacie Anderson
- Flow Cytometry, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Niraj S Trivedi
- Social Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Abdel Elkahloun
- Microarray Core, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Victoria Hoffmann
- Diagnostic and Research Services Branch, Division of Veterinary Resources, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Brian P Brooks
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Raman Sood
- Zebrafish Core Facility, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Charles P Venditti
- Organic Acid Research Section, Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
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12
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Ricci D, Martinelli D, Ferrantini G, Lucibello S, Gambardella ML, Olivieri G, Chieffo D, Battaglia D, Diodato D, Iarossi G, Donati AM, Dionisi-Vici C, Battini R, Mercuri EM. Early neurodevelopmental characterization in children with cobalamin C/defect. J Inherit Metab Dis 2020; 43:367-374. [PMID: 31503356 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cobalamin C (cblC) defect is the most common inherited disorder of cobalamin metabolism. Developmental delay, behavioral problems, and maculopathy are common, but they have not been systematically investigated. The aim of this study was to define early neurodevelopment in cblC patients and the possible contribution of different factors, such as mode of diagnosis, age at diagnosis, presence of brain lesions and epilepsy. Children up to the age of 4 years with a visual acuity ≥1/10 were evaluated using the Griffiths' Mental Development Scales. Eighteen children were enrolled (age range 12-48 months). Four were diagnosed by newborn screening (NBS); in the others mean age at diagnosis was 3.5 months (range 0.3-18 months). Eight had seizures: three in the first year, and five after the second year of life. Fourteen had brain lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Neurovisual assessment evidenced low visual acuity (<3/10) in 4/18. NBS diagnosed patients had higher general and subquotients neurodevelopmental scores, normal brain MRI, and no epilepsy. The others showed a progressive reduction of the developmental quotient with age and language impairment, which was evident after 24 months of age. Our findings showed a progressive neurodevelopmental deterioration and a specific fall in language development after 24 months in cblC defect. The presence of brain lesions and epilepsy was associated with a worst neurodevelopmental outcome. NBS, avoiding major disease-related events and allowing an earlier treatment initiation, appeared to have a protective effect on the development of brain lesions and to promote a more favorable neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ricci
- Pediatric Neurology, Department of Human and Child Health and Public Health, Child Health Area, Catholic University UCSC, Rome, Italy
- National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Visual Rehabilitation of Visually Impaired, Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Martinelli
- Division of Metabolism, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Gloria Ferrantini
- Pediatric Neurology, Department of Human and Child Health and Public Health, Child Health Area, Catholic University UCSC, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Lucibello
- Pediatric Neurology, Department of Human and Child Health and Public Health, Child Health Area, Catholic University UCSC, Rome, Italy
| | - MLuigia Gambardella
- Pediatric Neurology, Department of Human and Child Health and Public Health, Child Health Area, Catholic University UCSC, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Olivieri
- Pediatric Neurology, Department of Human and Child Health and Public Health, Child Health Area, Catholic University UCSC, Rome, Italy
- Division of Metabolism, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Chieffo
- Pediatric Neurology, Department of Human and Child Health and Public Health, Child Health Area, Catholic University UCSC, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenica Battaglia
- Pediatric Neurology, Department of Human and Child Health and Public Health, Child Health Area, Catholic University UCSC, Rome, Italy
| | - Daria Diodato
- Division of Metabolism, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Iarossi
- Division of Metabolism, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Alice M Donati
- Unit of Metabolic and Muscular Diseases, A. Meyer Children Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Carlo Dionisi-Vici
- Division of Metabolism, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Battini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Eugenio M Mercuri
- Pediatric Neurology, Department of Human and Child Health and Public Health, Child Health Area, Catholic University UCSC, Rome, Italy
- Nemo Clinical Centre, Policlinico Gemelli Foundation, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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13
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Scalais E, Osterheld E, Geron C, Pierron C, Chafai R, Schlesser V, Borde P, Regal L, Laeremans H, van Gassen KLI, van den Heuvel LB, De Meirleir L. Parenteral hydroxocobalamin dose intensification in five patients with different types of early onset intracellular cobalamin defects: Clinical and biochemical responses. JIMD Rep 2019; 49:70-79. [PMID: 31497484 PMCID: PMC6718108 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular cobalamin metabolism (ICM) defects can be present as autosomal recessive or X-linked disorders. Parenteral hydroxocobalamin (P-OHCbl) is the mainstay of therapy, but the optimal dose has not been determined. Despite early treatment, long-term complications may develop. We have analyzed the biochemical and clinical responses in five patients with early onset of different types of ICM defects (cblC: patients 1-3; cblA: patient 4; cblX: patient 5) following daily P-OHCbl dose intensification (DI). In patient 4, P-OHCbl was started at age 10 years and in patient 5 at age 5 years. OHCbl was formulated at either, 5, 25, or 50 mg/mL. P-OHCbl was intravenously or subcutaneously (SQ) delivered, subsequently by placement of a SQ injection port except in patient 4. In all patients, homocysteine and methylmalonic acid levels, demonstrated an excellent response to various P-OHCbl doses. After age 36 months, patients 1-3 had a close to normal neurological examination with lower range developmental quotient. In patient 3, moderate visual impairment was present. Patient 4, at age 10 years, had normal renal, visual and cognitive function. In cblX patient 5, epilepsy was better controlled. In conclusion, P-OHCbl-DI caused an excellent control of metabolites in all patients. In the three cblC patients, comparison with patients, usually harboring identical genotype and similar metabolic profile, was suggestive of a positive effect, in favor of clinical efficacy. With P-OHCbl-DI, CblA patient has been placed into a lower risk to develop renal and optic impairment. In cblX patient, lower P-OHCbl doses were administrated to improve tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elise Osterheld
- Pediatric NeurologyCentre Hospitalier de LuxembourgLuxembourg
- Department of PediatricsCentre Hospitalier de LuxembourgLuxembourg
| | - Christine Geron
- Department of PediatricsCentre Hospitalier de LuxembourgLuxembourg
| | | | - Ronit Chafai
- Department of PediatricsCentre Hospitalier de LuxembourgLuxembourg
| | - Vincent Schlesser
- Laboratoire de Chimie et HématologieCentre Hospitalier de LuxembourgLuxembourg
| | - Patricia Borde
- Service de Biochimie, Laboratoire National de SantéDudelangeLuxembourg
| | - Luc Regal
- Pediatric Neurology and MetabolismUZ‐VUB, Vrije Universiteit BrusselsBrusselsBelgium
| | | | | | | | - Linda De Meirleir
- Pediatric Neurology and MetabolismUZ‐VUB, Vrije Universiteit BrusselsBrusselsBelgium
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14
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Huemer M, Baumgartner MR. The clinical presentation of cobalamin-related disorders: From acquired deficiencies to inborn errors of absorption and intracellular pathways. J Inherit Metab Dis 2019; 42:686-705. [PMID: 30761552 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review gives an overview of clinical characteristics, treatment and outcome of nutritional and acquired cobalamin (Cbl; synonym: vitamin B12) deficiencies, inborn errors of Cbl absorption and intracellular trafficking, as well as methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (MTHFD1) and methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) deficiencies, which impair Cbl-dependent remethylation. Acquired and inborn Cbl-related disorders and MTHFR deficiency cause multisystem, often severe disease. Failure to thrive, neurocognitive or psychiatric symptoms, eye disease, bone marrow alterations, microangiopathy and thromboembolic events are characteristic. The recently identified MTHFD1 defect additionally presents with severe immune deficiency. Deficient Cbl-dependent enzymes cause reduced methylation capacity and metabolite toxicity. Further net-effects of perturbed Cbl function or reduced Cbl supply causing oxidative stress, altered cytokine regulation or immune functions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Huemer
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Paediatrics, Landeskrankenhaus Bregenz, Bregenz, Austria
| | - Matthias R Baumgartner
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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15
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Lemoine M, Grangé S, Guerrot D. [Kidney disease in cobalamin C deficiency]. Nephrol Ther 2019; 15:201-214. [PMID: 31130431 DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cobalamin C deficiency (cblC) is the most common inborn error of vitamin B12 metabolism. This autosomal recessive disease is due to mutations in MMACHC gene, encoding a cyanocobalamin decyanase. It leads to hyperhomocysteinemia associated with hypomethioninemia and methylmalonic aciduria. Two distinct phenotypes have been described : early-onset forms occur before the age of one year and are characterized by a severe multisystem disease associating failure to thrive to neurological and ophthalmological manifestations. They are opposed to late-onset forms, less severe and heterogeneous. CblC deficiency-associated kidney lesions remain poorly defined. Thirty-eight cases have been described. Age at initial presentation varied from a few days to 28 years. Most of the patients presented renal thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) associated with acute renal failure, and 21 patients presented typical lesions of renal thrombotic microangiopathy on kidney biopsy. Prognosis was poor, leading to death in the absence of treatment, and related to the severity of renal lesions in the early-onset forms. Late-onset disease had better prognosis and most of patients were weaned off dialysis after treatment initiation. We suggest that all the patients with renal TMA be screened for cobalamin metabolism disorder, regardless of age and even in the absence of neurological symptoms, to rapidly initiate the appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Lemoine
- Service de néphrologie, dialyse et transplantation, CHU de Rouen, 1, rue de Germont, 76031 Rouen, France.
| | - Steven Grangé
- Service de réanimation médicale, CHU de Rouen, 1, rue de Germont, 76031 Rouen, France
| | - Dominique Guerrot
- Service de néphrologie, dialyse et transplantation, CHU de Rouen, 1, rue de Germont, 76031 Rouen, France; Inserm U1096, UFR médecine pharmacie, 22, boulevard Gambetta, 76183 Rouen, France
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16
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Wang X, Yang Y, Li X, Li C, Wang C. Distinct clinical, neuroimaging and genetic profiles of late-onset cobalamin C defects (cb1C): a report of 16 Chinese cases. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2019; 14:109. [PMID: 31092259 PMCID: PMC6521494 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-019-1058-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The importance of late-onset cobalamin C (cblC) disorder is underestimated in adults. Improved awareness on its clinical and neuroimaging features helps timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Methods Totally 16 late-onset cblC cases were diagnosed based on clinical, biochemical findings and MMAHC gene mutation analysis. Clinical presentations, neuroimaging features and mutational spectrum were reviewed. Results The case series included 10 males and 6 females, with average age of 22 (range 13–40) years. All the 16 patients displayed bilateral pyramidal tract signs, and most of the cases (13) had cognitive impairment. Other symptoms included psychiatric symptoms (6), epilepsy (6), peripheral nerve damage (5), ocular symptoms (4) and lower-limb thrombosis (1). The neuroimaging findings were dominated by cerebral atrophy (11/16), followed by white matter lesions (4), cerebellar lesions/atrophy (2) and spinal cord lesions (1). There were also 2 patients with normal imaging. All the MMACHC mutations were compound heterozygous, of which the most and second frequent was c.482G > A (p.R161Q; 15/16 case; allele frequency: 46.88%) and c.609G > A(p.W203X; 6/16 case; allele frequency: 18.75%). In addition, patients carrying frameshift mutations (deletion/duplication) presented more frequently with psychiatric symptoms (57.1%) and optic nerve damages (42.9%) than those carrying point mutations (22.2 and 11.1%, respectively). In contrast, peripheral nerve (44.4%) and white matter lesions (33.3%) were more frequently identified in point mutation- carriers. However, the differences did not achieve statistical significance (all p > 0.05). Conclusion Compared to the early-onset form, late-onset cblC displayed some clinical, neuroimaging and mutational profiles, which warrants particular attention in adult neurologic practice. These findings not only broaden our insights into the genotypes and phenotypes of the disease, but highlight the importance of early diagnosis and initiation of appropriate treatments. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13023-019-1058-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianling Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhui Yang
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuying Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cunjiang Li
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chaodong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Huemer M, Diodato D, Martinelli D, Olivieri G, Blom H, Gleich F, Kölker S, Kožich V, Morris AA, Seifert B, Froese DS, Baumgartner MR, Dionisi-Vici C, Martin CA, Baethmann M, Ballhausen D, Blasco-Alonso J, Boy N, Bueno M, Burgos Peláez R, Cerone R, Chabrol B, Chapman KA, Couce ML, Crushell E, Dalmau Serra J, Diogo L, Ficicioglu C, García Jimenez MC, García Silva MT, Gaspar AM, Gautschi M, González-Lamuño D, Gouveia S, Grünewald S, Hendriksz C, Janssen MCH, Jesina P, Koch J, Konstantopoulou V, Lavigne C, Lund AM, Martins EG, Meavilla Olivas S, Mention K, Mochel F, Mundy H, Murphy E, Paquay S, Pedrón-Giner C, Ruiz Gómez MA, Santra S, Schiff M, Schwartz IV, Scholl-Bürgi S, Servais A, Skouma A, Tran C, Vives Piñera I, Walter J, Weisfeld-Adams J. Phenotype, treatment practice and outcome in the cobalamin-dependent remethylation disorders and MTHFR deficiency: Data from the E-HOD registry. J Inherit Metab Dis 2019; 42:333-352. [PMID: 30773687 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the clinical presentation, course, treatment and impact of early treatment in patients with remethylation disorders from the European Network and Registry for Homocystinurias and Methylation Defects (E-HOD) international web-based registry. RESULTS This review comprises 238 patients (cobalamin C defect n = 161; methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency n = 50; cobalamin G defect n = 11; cobalamin E defect n = 10; cobalamin D defect n = 5; and cobalamin J defect n = 1) from 47 centres for whom the E-HOD registry includes, as a minimum, data on medical history and enrolment visit. The duration of observation was 127 patient years. In 181 clinically diagnosed patients, the median age at presentation was 30 days (range 1 day to 42 years) and the median age at diagnosis was 3.7 months (range 3 days to 56 years). Seventy-five percent of pre-clinically diagnosed patients with cobalamin C disease became symptomatic within the first 15 days of life. Total homocysteine (tHcy), amino acids and urinary methylmalonic acid (MMA) were the most frequently assessed disease markers; confirmatory diagnostics were mainly molecular genetic studies. Remethylation disorders are multisystem diseases dominated by neurological and eye disease and failure to thrive. In this cohort, mortality, thromboembolic, psychiatric and renal disease were rarer than reported elsewhere. Early treatment correlates with lower overall morbidity but is less effective in preventing eye disease and cognitive impairment. The wide variation in treatment hampers the evaluation of particular therapeutic modalities. CONCLUSION Treatment improves the clinical course of remethylation disorders and reduces morbidity, especially if started early, but neurocognitive and eye symptoms are less responsive. Current treatment is highly variable. This study has the inevitable limitations of a retrospective, registry-based design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Huemer
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
- radiz-Rare Disease Initiative Zürich, University Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Pediatrics, Landeskrankenhaus Bregenz, Bregenz, Austria
| | - Daria Diodato
- Division of Metabolism, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Martinelli
- Division of Metabolism, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Olivieri
- Division of Metabolism, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Henk Blom
- Department of Internal Medicine, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Florian Gleich
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Centre for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kölker
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Centre for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Viktor Kožich
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Charles University-First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew A Morris
- Willink Metabolic Unit, Genomic Medicine, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Burkhardt Seifert
- Department of Biostatistics at Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D Sean Froese
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
- radiz-Rare Disease Initiative Zürich, University Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias R Baumgartner
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
- radiz-Rare Disease Initiative Zürich, University Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Martina Baethmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, Klinikum Dritter Orden München-Nymphenburg, Munich, Germany
| | - Diana Ballhausen
- Center for Molecular Diseases, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Javier Blasco-Alonso
- Sección de Gastroenterología y Nutrición Pediátrica, Hospital Regional de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Nikolas Boy
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Centre for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Bueno
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rosa Burgos Peláez
- Nutritional Support Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberto Cerone
- University Department of Pediatrics, Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Brigitte Chabrol
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme, CHU La Timone Enfants, Marseille, France
| | - Kimberly A Chapman
- Children's National Rare Disease Institute, Genetics and Metabolism, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Maria Luz Couce
- Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Metabolic Diseases, Service of Neonatology, Department of PediatricsHospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, CIBERER, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ellen Crushell
- National Centre for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jaime Dalmau Serra
- Unidad de Nutrición y Metabolopatías, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luisa Diogo
- Centro de Referência de Doencas Hereditárias do Metabolismo. Centro de Desenvolvimento da Criança - Hospital Pediátrico - Centro Hospitalar e Universitário De Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Can Ficicioglu
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | - Matthias Gautschi
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Team, Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Children's Hospital and University Institute of Clinical Chemistry Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Domingo González-Lamuño
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Sofia Gouveia
- Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Metabolic Diseases, Service of Neonatology, Department of PediatricsHospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, CIBERER, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Stephanie Grünewald
- Institute for Child HealthGreat Ormond Street Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Mirian C H Janssen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pavel Jesina
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Charles University-First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Johannes Koch
- Department of Pediatrics, Salzburger Landeskliniken and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Christian Lavigne
- Médecine Interne et Maladies Vasculaires, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Angers, Angers, France
| | - Allan M Lund
- Centre Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Clinical Genetics and Paediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Esmeralda G Martins
- Reference Center for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Silvia Meavilla Olivas
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Fanny Mochel
- Reference Center for Adult Neurometabolic Diseases, University Pierre and Marie Curie, La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Helen Mundy
- Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Elaine Murphy
- Charles Dent Metabolic Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Stephanie Paquay
- Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic diseases department, Université Catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Consuelo Pedrón-Giner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, University Children's Hospital Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Saikat Santra
- Clinical Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Manuel Schiff
- Reference Center for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, AP-HP, Robert Debré Hospital, University Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité and INSERM U1141, Paris, France
| | - Ida Vanessa Schwartz
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre and Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sabine Scholl-Bürgi
- Clinic for Pediatrics I, Inherited Metabolic Disorders Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Aude Servais
- Nephrology Department, Reference Center of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Necker hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Anastasia Skouma
- Agia Sofia Children's Hospital 1st Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens Thivon & Levadias, Athens, Greece
| | - Christel Tran
- Center for Molecular Diseases, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - John Walter
- Willink Metabolic Unit, Genomic Medicine, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
| | - James Weisfeld-Adams
- Inherited Metabolic Diseases Clinic, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
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Hoss GRW, Poloni S, Blom HJ, Schwartz IVD. Three Main Causes of Homocystinuria: CBS, cblC and MTHFR Deficiency. What do they Have in Common? JOURNAL OF INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM AND SCREENING 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/2326-4594-jiems-2019-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Soraia Poloni
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Henk J Blom
- University Medical Centre Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Abu-El-Haija A, Mendelsohn BA, Duncan JL, Moore AT, Glenn OA, Weisiger K, Gallagher RC. Cobalamin D Deficiency Identified Through Newborn Screening. JIMD Rep 2018; 44:73-77. [PMID: 30097992 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2018_126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cobalamin D deficiency (cblD) is one of the least common cobalamin metabolism disorders. It may result in isolated homocystinuria, isolated methylmalonic aciduria, or combined methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria (cblD-combined). Only seven cases of the combined cblD form have been reported to date. Due to the rarity of this disorder, the presentation and symptoms are not well described. We present an eighth case of the cblD-combined subtype, who had a positive newborn screen (NBS) on day of life 3. She was symptomatic and developed lethargy and poor oral intake at 8 days of life. She was treated with 10% dextrose, folinic acid, intramuscular hydroxocobalamin, and betaine. Despite the early initiation of treatment, she developed complications of the disease and was found to have abnormal brain imaging findings at 17 days of age and macular atrophy at 3 months of age and has global developmental delay. We provide detailed description of her presentation, her treatment, and her complications to aid in the understanding of this rare disorder, which is very similar to the more common cobalamin C disorder (cblC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Abu-El-Haija
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Bryce A Mendelsohn
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jacque L Duncan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anthony T Moore
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Orit A Glenn
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kara Weisiger
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Renata C Gallagher
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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20
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Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges. Retina 2018; 39:2053-2058. [PMID: 30074523 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000002277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Altered Redox Homeostasis in Branched-Chain Amino Acid Disorders, Organic Acidurias, and Homocystinuria. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1246069. [PMID: 29743968 PMCID: PMC5884027 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1246069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are a group of monogenic disorders characterized by dysregulation of the metabolic networks that underlie development and homeostasis. Emerging evidence points to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction as major contributors to the multiorgan alterations observed in several IEMs. The accumulation of toxic metabolites in organic acidurias, respiratory chain, and fatty acid oxidation disorders inhibits mitochondrial enzymes and processes resulting in elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In other IEMs, as in homocystinuria, different sources of ROS have been proposed. In patients' samples, as well as in cellular and animal models, several studies have identified significant increases in ROS levels along with decreases in antioxidant defences, correlating with oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA. Elevated ROS disturb redox-signaling pathways regulating biological processes such as cell growth, differentiation, or cell death; however, there are few studies investigating these processes in IEMs. In this review, we describe the published data on mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and impaired redox signaling in branched-chain amino acid disorders, other organic acidurias, and homocystinuria, along with recent studies exploring the efficiency of antioxidants and mitochondria-targeted therapies as therapeutic compounds in these diseases.
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22
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Bacci GM, Donati MA, Pasquini E, Munier F, Cavicchi C, Morrone A, Sodi A, Murro V, Garcia Segarra N, Defilippi C, Bussolin L, Caputo R. Optical coherence tomography morphology and evolution in cblC disease-related maculopathy in a case series of very young patients. Acta Ophthalmol 2017; 95:e776-e782. [PMID: 28481040 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the retinal structure of a group of patients affected by methylmalonic aciduria with homocystinuria cblC type, caused by mutations in the MMACHC gene, using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). METHODS Young patients (n = 11, age 0-74 months) with cblC disease, detected by newborn screening or clinically diagnosed within 40 days of life, underwent molecular analysis and complete ophthalmic examination, including fundus photography and SD-OCT. In one case, we also performed fluorescein angiography (FA) and standard electroretinography (ERG). RESULTS Molecular analysis of the MMACHC gene fully confirmed cblC disease in nine of 11 patients. Two patients harboured only a single heterozygous pathogenic MMACHC mutation and large unbalanced rearrangements were excluded by array-CGH analysis in both. All patients except two showed a bilateral maculopathy. In general, retinal changes were first observed before one year of age and progressed to a well-established maculopathy. Measurable visual acuities ranged from normal vision, in keeping with age, to bilateral, severe impairment of central vision. Nystagmus was present in six patients. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) showed macular thinning with severe alterations in outer, and partial sparing of inner, retinal layers. CONCLUSION Patients affected by cblC disease may frequently show an early onset maculopathy with variable ophthalmoscopic appearance. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) broadens the knowledge of subtle retinal alterations during the disease's progression and helps to shed light on the pathological mechanism of maculopathy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo M. Bacci
- Pediatric Ophthalmology Unit; Meyer Children's Hospital; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - Maria A. Donati
- Metabolic Disease and Newborn Screening Clinical Unit; Neuroscience Department; Meyer Children's Hospital; Florence Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pasquini
- Metabolic Disease and Newborn Screening Clinical Unit; Neuroscience Department; Meyer Children's Hospital; Florence Italy
| | - Francis Munier
- Retinoblastoma Clinics; Oculogenetics Unit; Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Catia Cavicchi
- Paediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories; Neuroscience Department; Meyer Children's Hospital; Florence Italy
| | - Amelia Morrone
- Paediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories; Neuroscience Department; Meyer Children's Hospital; Florence Italy
- Neuroscience, Psychology, Pharmacology and Child Health Department; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - Andrea Sodi
- Neuroscience Department; Eye Clinic; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - Vittoria Murro
- Neuroscience Department; Eye Clinic; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - Nuria Garcia Segarra
- Center for Molecular Disease; University Hospital of Vaudois; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Claudio Defilippi
- Diagnostic Imaging Department; Meyer Children's Hospital; Florence Italy
| | - Leonardo Bussolin
- Department of Pediatric Neuroanesthesia and Neuro Intensive Care Unit (ICU); Meyer Children's Hospital; Florence Italy
| | - Roberto Caputo
- Pediatric Ophthalmology Unit; Meyer Children's Hospital; University of Florence; Florence Italy
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23
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Chan W, Almasieh M, Catrinescu MM, Levin LA. Cobalamin-Associated Superoxide Scavenging in Neuronal Cells Is a Potential Mechanism for Vitamin B 12-Deprivation Optic Neuropathy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 188:160-172. [PMID: 29037851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic deficiency of vitamin B12 is the only nutritional deficiency definitively proved to cause optic neuropathy and loss of vision. The mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. Optic neuropathies are associated with death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), neurons that project their axons along the optic nerve to the brain. Injury to RGC axons causes a burst of intracellular superoxide, which then signals RGC apoptosis. Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) was recently shown to be a superoxide scavenger, with a rate constant similar to superoxide dismutase. Given that vitamin B12 deficiency causes an optic neuropathy through unknown mechanisms and that it is a potent superoxide scavenger, we tested whether cobalamin, a vitamin B12 vitamer, would be neuroprotective in vitro and in vivo. We found that cobalamin scavenged superoxide in neuronal cells in vitro treated with the reduction-oxidation cycling agent menadione. In vivo confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy demonstrated that optic nerve transection in Long-Evans rats increased superoxide levels in RGCs. The RGC superoxide burst was significantly reduced by intravitreal cobalamin and resulted in increased RGC survival. These data demonstrate that cobalamin may function as an endogenous neuroprotectant for RGCs through a superoxide-associated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Chan
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mohammadali Almasieh
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maria-Magdalena Catrinescu
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Leonard A Levin
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
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24
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Almannai M, Marom R, Divin K, Scaglia F, Sutton VR, Craigen WJ, Lee B, Burrage LC, Graham BH. Milder clinical and biochemical phenotypes associated with the c.482G>A (p.Arg161Gln) pathogenic variant in cobalamin C disease: Implications for management and screening. Mol Genet Metab 2017; 122:60-66. [PMID: 28693988 PMCID: PMC5612879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cobalamin C disease is a multisystemic disease with variable manifestations and age of onset. Genotype-phenotype correlations are well-recognized in this disorder. Here, we present a large cohort of individuals with cobalamin C disease, several of whom are heterozygous for the c.482G>A pathogenic variant (p.Arg161Gln). We compared clinical characteristics of individuals with this pathogenic variant to those who do not have this variant. To our knowledge, this study represents the largest single cohort of individuals with the c.482G>A (p.Arg161Gln) pathogenic variant. METHODS A retrospective chart review of 27 individuals from 21 families with cobalamin C disease who are followed at our facility was conducted. RESULTS 13 individuals (48%) are compound heterozygous with the c.482G>A (p.Arg161Gln) on one allele and a second pathogenic variant on the other allele. Individuals with the c.482G>A (p.Arg161Gln) pathogenic variant had later onset of symptoms and easier metabolic control. Moreover, they had milder biochemical abnormalities at presentation which likely contributed to the observation that 4 individuals (31%) in this group were missed by newborn screening. CONCLUSION The c.482G>A (p.Arg161Gln) pathogenic variant is associated with milder disease. These individuals may not receive a timely diagnosis as they may not be identified on newborn screening or because of unrecognized, late onset symptoms. Despite the milder presentation, significant complications can occur, especially if treatment is delayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Almannai
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ronit Marom
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kristian Divin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fernando Scaglia
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - V Reid Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William J Craigen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lindsay C Burrage
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Brett H Graham
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
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25
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Huemer M, Diodato D, Schwahn B, Schiff M, Bandeira A, Benoist JF, Burlina A, Cerone R, Couce ML, Garcia-Cazorla A, la Marca G, Pasquini E, Vilarinho L, Weisfeld-Adams JD, Kožich V, Blom H, Baumgartner MR, Dionisi-Vici C. Guidelines for diagnosis and management of the cobalamin-related remethylation disorders cblC, cblD, cblE, cblF, cblG, cblJ and MTHFR deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis 2017; 40:21-48. [PMID: 27905001 PMCID: PMC5203859 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-016-9991-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remethylation defects are rare inherited disorders in which impaired remethylation of homocysteine to methionine leads to accumulation of homocysteine and perturbation of numerous methylation reactions. OBJECTIVE To summarise clinical and biochemical characteristics of these severe disorders and to provide guidelines on diagnosis and management. DATA SOURCES Review, evaluation and discussion of the medical literature (Medline, Cochrane databases) by a panel of experts on these rare diseases following the GRADE approach. KEY RECOMMENDATIONS We strongly recommend measuring plasma total homocysteine in any patient presenting with the combination of neurological and/or visual and/or haematological symptoms, subacute spinal cord degeneration, atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome or unexplained vascular thrombosis. We strongly recommend to initiate treatment with parenteral hydroxocobalamin without delay in any suspected remethylation disorder; it significantly improves survival and incidence of severe complications. We strongly recommend betaine treatment in individuals with MTHFR deficiency; it improves the outcome and prevents disease when given early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Huemer
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center, University Childrens' Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- radiz - Rare Disease Initiative Zürich, Clinical Research Priority Program, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Paediatrics, Landeskrankenhaus Bregenz, Bregenz, Austria
| | - Daria Diodato
- Division of Metabolism, Bambino Gesù Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Bernd Schwahn
- Willink Biochemical Genetics Unit, Saint Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Manuel Schiff
- Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Robert Debré University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
- Inserm U1141, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, site Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | | | - Jean-Francois Benoist
- Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Robert Debré University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
- Inserm U1141, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
- Biochimie, faculté de pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Paris, France
| | - Alberto Burlina
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Cerone
- University Dept of Pediatrics, Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria L Couce
- Congenital Metabolic Diseases Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, IDIS, CIBER, Compostela, Spain
| | - Angeles Garcia-Cazorla
- Department of Neurology, Neurometabolism Unit, and CIBERER (ISCIII), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giancarlo la Marca
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Firence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pasquini
- Metabolic and Newborn Screening Clinical Unit, Department of Neurosciences, A. Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Vilarinho
- Newborn Screening, Metabolism & Genetics Unit, National Institute of Health, Porto, Portugal
| | - James D Weisfeld-Adams
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Inherited Metabolic Diseases Clinic, Childrens Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Viktor Kožich
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University-First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Henk Blom
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine University Hospital, Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias R Baumgartner
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center, University Childrens' Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- radiz - Rare Disease Initiative Zürich, Clinical Research Priority Program, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Carlo Dionisi-Vici
- Division of Metabolism, Bambino Gesù Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy.
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26
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Sarmah S, Muralidharan P, Marrs JA. Common congenital anomalies: Environmental causes and prevention with folic acid containing multivitamins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 108:274-286. [PMID: 27718306 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Congenital anomalies, congenital defects, or birth defects are significant causes of death in infants. The most common congenital defects are congenital heart defects (CHDs) and neural tube defects (NTDs). Defects induced by genetic mutations, environmental exposure to toxins, or a combination of these effects can result in congenital malformations, leading to infant death or long-term disabilities. These defects produce significant mortality and morbidity in the affected individuals, and families are affected emotional and financially. Also, society is impacted on many levels. Congenital anomalies may be reduced by dietary supplements of folic acid and other vitamins. Here, we review the evidence for specific roles of toxins (alcohol, cigarette smoke) in causing common severe congenital anomalies like CHDs, NTDs, and ocular defects. We also review the evidence for beneficial effects for dietary supplementation, and highlight gaps in our knowledge, where research may contribute to additional benefits of intervention that can reduce birth defects. Extensive discussion of common severe congenital anomalies (CHDs, NTDs, and ocular defects) illustrates the effects of diet on the frequency and severity of these defects. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 108:274-286, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnalee Sarmah
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202.
| | - Pooja Muralidharan
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202
| | - James A Marrs
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202.
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27
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Bonafede L, Ficicioglu CH, Serrano L, Han G, Morgan JIW, Mills MD, Forbes BJ, Davidson SL, Binenbaum G, Kaplan PB, Nichols CW, Verloo P, Leroy BP, Maguire AM, Aleman TS. Cobalamin C Deficiency Shows a Rapidly Progressing Maculopathy With Severe Photoreceptor and Ganglion Cell Loss. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2016; 56:7875-87. [PMID: 26658511 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-17857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe in detail the retinal structure and function of a group of patients with cobalamin C (cblC) disease. METHODS Patients (n = 11, age 4 months to 15 years) with cblC disease (9/11, early onset) diagnosed by newborn screening underwent complete ophthalmic examinations, fundus photography, near-infrared reflectance imaging, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Electroretinograms (ERGs) were performed in a subset of patients. RESULTS Patients carried homozygous or compound heterozygote mutations in the methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria type C (MMACHC) gene. Late-onset patients had a normal exam. All early-onset patients showed a maculopathy; older subjects had a retina-wide degeneration (n = 4; >7 years of age). In general, retinal changes were first observed before 1 year of age and progressed within months to a well-established maculopathy. Pseudocolobomas were documented in three patients. Measurable visual acuities ranged from 20/200 to 20/540. Nystagmus was present in 8/11 patients; 5/6 patients had normal ERGs; 1/6 had reduced rod-mediated responses. Spectral-domain OCT showed macular thinning, with severe ganglion cell layer (GCL) and outer nuclear layer (ONL) loss. Inner retinal thickening was observed in areas of total GCL/ONL loss. A normal lamination pattern in the peripapillary nasal retina was often seen despite severe central and/or retina-wide disease. CONCLUSIONS Patients with early-onset cblC and MMACHC mutations showed an early-onset, unusually fast-progressing maculopathy with severe central ONL and GCL loss. An abnormally thickened inner retina supports a remodeling response to both photoreceptor and ganglion cell degeneration and/or an interference with normal development in early-onset cblC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Bonafede
- Scheie Eye Institute and the Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, Department of Ophthamology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Can H Ficicioglu
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Biochemical Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Leona Serrano
- Scheie Eye Institute and the Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, Department of Ophthamology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Grace Han
- Scheie Eye Institute and the Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, Department of Ophthamology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jessica I W Morgan
- Scheie Eye Institute and the Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, Department of Ophthamology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Monte D Mills
- Division of Ophthalmology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Brian J Forbes
- Division of Ophthalmology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Stefanie L Davidson
- Division of Ophthalmology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Gil Binenbaum
- Division of Ophthalmology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Paige B Kaplan
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Biochemical Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Charles W Nichols
- Scheie Eye Institute and the Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, Department of Ophthamology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Patrick Verloo
- Department of Pediatrics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart P Leroy
- Division of Ophthalmology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States 5Department of Ophthalmology, Ghent University and Gh
| | - Albert M Maguire
- Scheie Eye Institute and the Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, Department of Ophthamology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States 3Division of Ophthalmology, The Children's Hospital of
| | - Tomas S Aleman
- Scheie Eye Institute and the Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, Department of Ophthamology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States 3Division of Ophthalmology, The Children's Hospital of
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Ku CA, Ng JK, Karr DJ, Reznick L, Harding CO, Weleber RG, Pennesi ME. Spectrum of ocular manifestations in cobalamin C and cobalamin A types of methylmalonic acidemia. Ophthalmic Genet 2016; 37:404-414. [DOI: 10.3109/13816810.2015.1121500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristy A. Ku
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jacqueline K. Ng
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Daniel J. Karr
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Leah Reznick
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Cary O. Harding
- Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Richard G. Weleber
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Mark E. Pennesi
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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29
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Brooks BP, Thompson AH, Sloan JL, Manoli I, Carrillo-Carrasco N, Zein WM, Venditti CP. Ophthalmic Manifestations and Long-Term Visual Outcomes in Patients with Cobalamin C Deficiency. Ophthalmology 2016; 123:571-82. [PMID: 26825575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the ocular manifestations of cobalamin C (cblC) deficiency, an inborn error of intracellular vitamin B12 metabolism. DESIGN Retrospective, observational case series. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-five cblC patients underwent clinical and ophthalmic examination at the National Institutes of Health between August 2004 and September 2012. Patient ages ranged from 2 to 27 years at last ophthalmic visit, and follow-up ranged from 0 to 83 months (median, 37 months; range, 13-83 months) over a total of 69 visits. METHODS Best-corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, dilated fundus examination, wide-field photography, fundus autofluorescence imaging, sedated electroretinography, optical coherence tomography, genetics and metabolite assessment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Visual acuity and presence and degree of retinal degeneration and optic nerve pallor. RESULTS Nystagmus (64%), strabismus (52%), macular degeneration (72%), optic nerve pallor (68%), and vascular changes (64%) were present. c.271dupA (p.R91KfsX14) homozygous patients (n = 14) showed early and extensive macular degeneration. Electroretinography showed that scotopic and photopic responses were reduced and delayed, but were preserved remarkably in some patients despite severe degeneration. Optical coherence tomography images through the central macular lesion of a patient with severe retinal degeneration showed extreme thinning, some preservation of retinal lamination, and nearly complete loss of the outer nuclear layer. Despite hyperhomocysteinemia, no patients exhibited lens dislocation. CONCLUSIONS This longitudinal study reports ocular outcomes in the largest group of patients with cblC deficiency systematically examined at a single center over an extended period. Differences in progression and severity of macular degeneration, optic nerve pallor, and vascular attenuation between homozygous c.271dupA (p.R91KfsX14) patients and compound heterozygotes were noted. The pace and chronicity of ophthalmic manifestations lacked strict correlation to metabolic status as measured during visits. Prenatal or early treatment, or both, may have mitigated ocular disease, leading to better functional acuity, but patients still progressed to severe macular degeneration. The effects of prenatal or early treatment, or both, in siblings; the manifestation of severe disease in infancy; the presence of comorbid developmental abnormalities; and the possible laminar structural defect noted in many patients are findings showing that cblC deficiency displays a developmental as well as a degenerative ocular phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Brooks
- National Eye Institute, Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; National Human Genome Research Institute, Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Amy H Thompson
- National Eye Institute, Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jennifer L Sloan
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Irini Manoli
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nuria Carrillo-Carrasco
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Wadih M Zein
- National Eye Institute, Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Charles P Venditti
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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30
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Bellerose J, Neugnot-Cerioli M, Bédard K, Brunel-Guitton C, Mitchell GA, Ospina LH, Beauchamp MH. A Highly Diverse Portrait: Heterogeneity of Neuropsychological Profiles in cblC Defect. JIMD Rep 2015; 29:19-32. [PMID: 26608391 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2015_517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cobalamin C is a rare inborn disorder of metabolism that results in multisystemic abnormalities, including progressive visual deficits. Although the cellular pathophysiology of cblC is a field of active study, little attention has been dedicated to documenting the cognitive consequences of the defect. The neuropsychological assessment of nine individuals aged between 23 months and 24 years was conducted to establish cognitive profiles. Results reveal a marked heterogeneity, with intellectual functioning ranging from extremely low to average, and cognitive difficulties (e.g., attention) evidenced even in those who are not intellectually disabled. Central nervous system abnormalities and multisystem disease are likely to be major contributing factors to the observed cognitive impairments, with the presence of visual deficits constituting an additional impediment to normal cognitive development. This study underscores the importance of conducting in-depth neuropsychological assessments in individuals with cblC, the results of which may be particularly helpful for clinical management, guidance toward rehabilitation services, and educational/vocational planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Bellerose
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mathilde Neugnot-Cerioli
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Karine Bédard
- Division of Medical Genetics, CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pathology, CHUM, Notre-Dame Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Grant A Mitchell
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Medical Genetics, CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Luis H Ospina
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Miriam H Beauchamp
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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31
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Clinical characteristics of hemolytic uremic syndrome secondary to cobalamin C disorder in Chinese children. World J Pediatr 2015; 11:276-80. [PMID: 26253414 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-015-0032-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was undertaken to investigate the clinical characteristics of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) secondary to cobalamin C disorder (cbl-C disorder). METHODS We reviewed retrospectively the medical records of 3 children with HUS secondary to cbl-C disorder who had been treated between April 1, 2009 and October 31, 2013. RESULTS The 3 patients with HUS secondary to cbl-C disorder presented with progressive hemolytic anemia, acute renal failure, thrombocytopenia, poor feeding, and failure to thrive. Two of the 3 patients once had high blood pressure. The mutations of c.609G>A (p.W203X), c.217C>T (p.R73X) and c.365A>T (p.H122L) in the methylmalonic aciduria (cobalamin deficiency) cbl-C type, with homocystinuria gene were detected in the 3 patients. In these patients the levels of lactate dehydrogenase and homocysteine in serum were elevated and the level of methylmalonic acid (MMA) in urine was also elevated. After treatment with hydroxocobalamin, 2 patients were discharged with no obvious abnormal growth and neurological development and 1 patient died of multiple organ failure. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrated that cbl-C disorder should be investigated in any child presenting with HUS. The high concentrations of homocysteine and MMA could be used for timely recognization of the disease. Once the high levels of plasma homocystein and/or plasma or urine MMA are detected, the treatment with parenteral hydroxocobalamin should be prescribed immediately. The early diagnosis and treatment would contribute to the good prognosis of the disease.
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