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Ward AKG, Bagley RK, Egan SP, Hood GR, Ott JR, Prior KM, Sheikh SI, Weinersmith KL, Zhang L, Zhang YM, Forbes AA. Speciation in Nearctic oak gall wasps is frequently correlated with changes in host plant, host organ, or both. Evolution 2022; 76:1849-1867. [PMID: 35819249 PMCID: PMC9541853 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying the frequency of shifts to new host plants within diverse clades of specialist herbivorous insects is critically important to understand whether and how host shifts contribute to the origin of species. Oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) comprise a tribe of ∼1000 species of phytophagous insects that induce gall formation on various organs of trees in the family Fagacae-primarily the oaks (genus Quercus; ∼435 sp.). The association of oak gall wasps with oaks is ancient (∼50 my), and most oak species are galled by one or more gall wasp species. Despite the diversity of both gall wasp species and their plant associations, previous phylogenetic work has not identified the strong signal of host plant shifting among oak gall wasps that has been found in other phytophagous insect systems. However, most emphasis has been on the Western Palearctic and not the Nearctic where both oaks and oak gall wasps are considerably more species rich. We collected 86 species of Nearctic oak gall wasps from most of the major clades of Nearctic oaks and sequenced >1000 Ultraconserved Elements (UCEs) and flanking sequences to infer wasp phylogenies. We assessed the relationships of Nearctic gall wasps to one another and, by leveraging previously published UCE data, to the Palearctic fauna. We then used phylogenies to infer historical patterns of shifts among host tree species and tree organs. Our results indicate that oak gall wasps have moved between the Palearctic and Nearctic at least four times, that some Palearctic wasp clades have their proximate origin in the Nearctic, and that gall wasps have shifted within and between oak tree sections, subsections, and organs considerably more often than previous data have suggested. Given that host shifts have been demonstrated to drive reproductive isolation between host-associated populations in other phytophagous insects, our analyses of Nearctic gall wasps suggest that host shifts are key drivers of speciation in this clade, especially in hotspots of oak diversity. Although formal assessment of this hypothesis requires further study, two putatively oligophagous gall wasp species in our dataset show signals of host-associated genetic differentiation unconfounded by geographic distance, suggestive of barriers to gene flow associated with the use of alternative host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin K. Bagley
- Department of BiologyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowa52245,Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal BiologyThe Ohio State UniversityLimaOhio45804
| | - Scott P. Egan
- Department of BioSciencesRice UniversityHoustonTexas77005
| | - Glen Ray Hood
- Department of BioSciencesRice UniversityHoustonTexas77005,Department of Biological ScienceWayne State UniversityDetroitMichigan48202
| | - James R. Ott
- Department of BiologyTexas State UniversitySan MarcosTexas78666
| | - Kirsten M. Prior
- Department of Biological SciencesBinghamton UniversityBinghamtonNew York13902
| | - Sofia I. Sheikh
- Department of BiologyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowa52245,Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinois60637
| | | | - Linyi Zhang
- Department of BioSciencesRice UniversityHoustonTexas77005,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONM5S 3B2Canada
| | - Y. Miles Zhang
- Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA‐ARSc/o National Museum of Natural HistoryWashingtonD.C.20560
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Berry V, Chevenet F, Doyon JP, Jousselin E. A geography-aware reconciliation method to investigate diversification patterns in host/parasite interactions. Mol Ecol Resour 2018; 18:1173-1184. [PMID: 29697894 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cospeciation studies aim at investigating whether hosts and symbionts speciate simultaneously or whether the associations diversify through host shifts. This problem is often tackled through reconciliation analyses that map the symbiont phylogeny onto the host phylogeny by mixing different types of diversification events. These reconciliations can be difficult to interpret and are not always biologically realistic. Researchers have underlined that the biogeographic histories of both hosts and symbionts influence the probability of cospeciation and host switches, but up to now no reconciliation software integrates geographic data. We present a new functionality in the Mowgli software that bridges this gap. The user can provide geographic information on both the host and symbiont extant and ancestral taxa. Constraints in the reconciliation algorithm have been implemented to generate biologically realistic codiversification scenarios. We apply our method to the fig/fig wasp association and infer diversification scenarios that differ from reconciliations ignoring geographic information. In addition, we updated the reconciliation viewer SylvX to visualize ancestral character states on the phylogenetic trees and highlight parts of reconciliations that are geographically inconsistent when not accounting for geographic constraints. We suggest that the comparison of reconciliations obtained with and without such constraints can help solving ambiguities in the biogeographic histories of the partners. With the development of robust methods in historical biogeography, and the advent of next-generation sequencing that leads to better-resolved trees, a geography-aware reconciliation method represents a substantial advance that is likely to be useful to researchers studying the evolution of biotic interactions and biogeography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Berry
- Institut de Biologie Computationnelle, LIRMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
- ISEM, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - François Chevenet
- Institut de Biologie Computationnelle, LIRMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
- MIVEGEC, CNRS 5290, IRD 224, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Doyon
- Institut de Biologie Computationnelle, LIRMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuelle Jousselin
- CBGP, INRA, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Drinkwater B, Charleston MA. RASCAL: A Randomized Approach for Coevolutionary Analysis. J Comput Biol 2016; 23:218-27. [PMID: 26828619 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2015.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A popular method for coevolutionary inference is cophylogenetic reconstruction where the branch length of the phylogenies have been previously derived. This approach, unlike the more generalized reconstruction techniques that are NP-Hard, can reconcile the shared evolutionary history of a pair of phylogenetic trees in polynomial time. This approach, while proven to be highly successful, requires a high polynomial running time. This is quickly becoming a limiting factor of this approach due to the continual increase in size of coevolutionary data sets. One existing method that combats this issue proposes a trade-off of accuracy for an asymptotic time complexity reduction. This technique in almost 70% of cases converges on Pareto optimal solutions in linear time. We build on this prior work by proposing an alternate linear time algorithm (RASCAL) that offers a significant accuracy increase, with RASCAL converging on Pareto optimal solutions in 85% of cases and unlike prior methods can ensure, with high probability, that all optimal solutions can be recovered, provided sufficient replicates are performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Drinkwater
- 1 School of Information Technologies, The University of Sydney , Sydney, Australia .,2 School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania , Tasmania, Australia
| | - Michael A Charleston
- 1 School of Information Technologies, The University of Sydney , Sydney, Australia .,2 School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania , Tasmania, Australia
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Drinkwater B, Charleston MA. A time and space complexity reduction for coevolutionary analysis of trees generated under both a Yule and Uniform model. Comput Biol Chem 2015; 57:61-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Fiala B, Wells K, Haubenreisser J, Pittroff A, Kaya-Zeeb S, Chung AYC, Bin Hashim R, Keller A. Monophyletic clades ofMacaranga-pollinating thrips show high specificity to taxonomic sections of host plants. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Fiala
- Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology; Biocenter; University of Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Konstans Wells
- Griffith School of Environment; Griffith University; Brisbane 4111 Australia
| | - Julia Haubenreisser
- Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology; Biocenter; University of Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Andreas Pittroff
- Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology; Biocenter; University of Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Sinan Kaya-Zeeb
- Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology; Biocenter; University of Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Arthur Y. C. Chung
- Forestry Department; Forest Research Center; PO Box 1407 90715 Sandakan Sabah Malaysia
| | - Rosli Bin Hashim
- Institute of Biological Sciences; University of Malaya; 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Alexander Keller
- Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology; Biocenter; University of Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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Ruch J, Riehl T, May-Collado LJ, Agnarsson I. Multiple origins of subsociality in crab spiders (Thomisidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015; 82 Pt A:330-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Drinkwater B, Charleston MA. Introducing TreeCollapse: a novel greedy algorithm to solve the cophylogeny reconstruction problem. BMC Bioinformatics 2014; 15 Suppl 16:S14. [PMID: 25521705 PMCID: PMC4290644 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-15-s16-s14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cophylogeny mapping is used to uncover deep coevolutionary associations between two or more phylogenetic histories at a macro coevolutionary scale. As cophylogeny mapping is NP-Hard, this technique relies heavily on heuristics to solve all but the most trivial cases. One notable approach utilises a metaheuristic to search only a subset of the exponential number of fixed node orderings possible for the phylogenetic histories in question. This is of particular interest as it is the only known heuristic that guarantees biologically feasible solutions. This has enabled research to focus on larger coevolutionary systems, such as coevolutionary associations between figs and their pollinator wasps, including over 200 taxa. Although able to converge on solutions for problem instances of this size, a reduction from the current cubic running time is required to handle larger systems, such as Wolbachia and their insect hosts. RESULTS Rather than solving this underlying problem optimally this work presents a greedy algorithm called TreeCollapse, which uses common topological patterns to recover an approximation of the coevolutionary history where the internal node ordering is fixed. This approach offers a significant speed-up compared to previous methods, running in linear time. This algorithm has been applied to over 100 well-known coevolutionary systems converging on Pareto optimal solutions in over 68% of test cases, even where in some cases the Pareto optimal solution has not previously been recoverable. Further, while TreeCollapse applies a local search technique, it can guarantee solutions are biologically feasible, making this the fastest method that can provide such a guarantee. CONCLUSION As a result, we argue that the newly proposed algorithm is a valuable addition to the field of coevolutionary research. Not only does it offer a significantly faster method to estimate the cost of cophylogeny mappings but by using this approach, in conjunction with existing heuristics, it can assist in recovering a larger subset of the Pareto front than has previously been possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Drinkwater
- School of Information Technologies, 1 Cleveland St, 2006 University of Sydney, Australia Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
| | - Michael A Charleston
- School of Information Technologies, 1 Cleveland St, 2006 University of Sydney, Australia Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
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McLeish MJ, Miller JT, Mound LA. Delayed colonisation of Acacia by thrips and the timing of host-conservatism and behavioural specialisation. BMC Evol Biol 2013; 13:188. [PMID: 24010723 PMCID: PMC3846595 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repeated colonisation of novel host-plants is believed to be an essential component of the evolutionary success of phytophagous insects. The relative timing between the origin of an insect lineage and the plant clade they eat or reproduce on is important for understanding how host-range expansion can lead to resource specialisation and speciation. Path and stepping-stone sampling are used in a Bayesian approach to test divergence timing between the origin of Acacia and colonisation by thrips. The evolution of host-plant conservatism and ecological specialisation is discussed. RESULTS Results indicated very strong support for a model describing the origin of the common ancestor of Acacia thrips subsequent to that of Acacia. A current estimate puts the origin of Acacia at approximately 6 million years before the common ancestor of Acacia thrips, and 15 million years before the origin of a gall-inducing clade. The evolution of host conservatism and resource specialisation resulted in a phylogenetically under-dispersed pattern of host-use by several thrips lineages. CONCLUSIONS Thrips colonised a diversity of Acacia species over a protracted period as Australia experienced aridification. Host conservatism evolved on phenotypically and environmentally suitable host lineages. Ecological specialisation resulted from habitat selection and selection on thrips behavior that promoted primary and secondary host associations. These findings suggest that delayed and repeated colonisation is characterised by cycles of oligo- or poly-phagy. This results in a cumulation of lineages that each evolve host conservatism on different and potentially transient host-related traits, and facilitates both ecological and resource specialisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J McLeish
- Plant Geography Laboratory, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan Province 666303, China
| | - Joseph T Miller
- Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Laurence A Mound
- CSIRO Ecosystems Sciences, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Szitenberg A, Rot C, Ilan M, Huchon D. Diversity of sponge mitochondrial introns revealed by cox 1 sequences of Tetillidae. BMC Evol Biol 2010; 10:288. [PMID: 20849667 PMCID: PMC2955029 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-10-288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Animal mitochondrial introns are rare. In sponges and cnidarians they have been found in the cox 1 gene of some spirophorid and homosclerophorid sponges, as well as in the cox 1 and nad 5 genes of some Hexacorallia. Their sporadic distribution has raised a debate as to whether these mobile elements have been vertically or horizontally transmitted among their hosts. The first sponge found to possess a mitochondrial intron was a spirophorid sponge from the Tetillidae family. To better understand the mode of transmission of mitochondrial introns in sponges, we studied cox 1 intron distribution among representatives of this family. Results Seventeen tetillid cox 1 sequences were examined. Among these sequences only six were found to possess group I introns. Remarkably, three different forms of introns were found, named introns 714, 723 and 870 based on their different positions in the cox 1 alignment. These introns had distinct secondary structures and encoded LAGLIDADG ORFs belonging to three different lineages. Interestingly, sponges harboring the same intron form did not always form monophyletic groups, suggesting that their introns might have been transferred horizontally. To evaluate whether the introns were vertically or horizontally transmitted in sponges and cnidarians we used a host parasite approach. We tested for co-speciation between introns 723 (the introns with the highest number of sponge representatives) and their nesting cox 1 sequences. Reciprocal AU tests indicated that the intron and cox 1 tree are significantly different, while a likelihood ratio test was not significant. A global test of co-phylogeny had significant results; however, when cnidarian sequences were analyzed separately the results were not significant. Conclusions The co-speciation analyses thus suggest that a vertical transmission of introns in the ancestor of sponges and cnidarians, followed by numerous independent losses, cannot solely explain the current distribution of metazoan group I introns. An alternative scenario that includes horizontal gene transfer events appears to be more suitable to explain the incongruence between the intron 723 and the cox 1 topologies. In addition, our results suggest that three different intron forms independently colonized the cox 1 gene of tetillids. Among sponges, the Tetillidae family seems to be experiencing an unusual number of intron insertions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Szitenberg
- Department of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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African parasitoid fig wasp diversification is a function of Ficus species ranges. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2010; 57:122-34. [PMID: 20554053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Revised: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Host specificity is a fundamental property implicit in obligate insect-plant associations. Rigid life history constraints exhibited by parasitoid fig wasps are believed to select for specialization directed at fig trees and this is supported by evidence of phenotypic adaptation to figs and partial co-speciation with the fig wasps they attack. Conversely, the ability to colonize such novel communities occurs under relaxed specificity, a behavior typified by more generalist groups such as parasitoids. The specificity directed towards Ficus species by Sycoryctinae parasitoid fig wasps is important in order to understand how this form of specialization influences their diversification and interactions with other fig wasp guilds. We use genetic distance analyses and reconstruct ancestral patterns of Ficus trait association with two genera of Sycoryctinae parasitoid fig wasps to identify evolutionary conservatism in Ficus species utilization. Ancestral state reconstructions of (i) affiliate Ficus subsection and (ii) syconia diameters of natal Ficus species indicate contrasting Ficus species ranges between Arachonia and Sycoryctes parasitoid genera. This work demonstrates that parasitoid speciation is not tightly constrained to Ficus speciation and rather a function of Ficus range limitations. Ficus evolution, ecology, and functional compatibility between parasitoid and Ficus traits appear to constrain parasitoid Ficus utilization. These results suggest that contrasting ecological settings and potential number of hosts available impose different ramifications for the evolution of parasitoid host specificity and so to the species interactions within the communities to which they belong.
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McLeish MJ, van Noort S, Tolley KA. Parasitoid fig-wasp evolutionary diversification and variation in ecological opportunity. Mol Ecol 2010; 19:1483-96. [PMID: 20456233 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04583.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M J McLeish
- Department of Botany & Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Natuurwetenskappe Building, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
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Garamszegi LZ. Patterns of co-speciation and host switching in primate malaria parasites. Malar J 2009; 8:110. [PMID: 19463162 PMCID: PMC2689253 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-8-110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Accepted: 05/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The evolutionary history of many parasites is dependent on the evolution of their hosts, leading to an association between host and parasite phylogenies. However, frequent host switches across broad phylogenetic distances may weaken this close evolutionary link, especially when vectors are involved in parasites transmission, as is the case for malaria pathogens. Several studies suggested that the evolution of the primate-infective malaria lineages may be constrained by the phylogenetic relationships of their hosts, and that lateral switches between distantly related hosts may have been occurred. However, no systematic analysis has been quantified the degree of phylogenetic association between primates and their malaria parasites. Methods Here phylogenetic approaches have been used to discriminate statistically between events due to co-divergence, duplication, extinction and host switches that can potentially cause historical association between Plasmodium parasites and their primate hosts. A Bayesian reconstruction of parasite phylogeny based on genetic information for six genes served as basis for the analyses, which could account for uncertainties about the evolutionary hypotheses of malaria parasites. Results Related lineages of primate-infective Plasmodium tend to infect hosts within the same taxonomic family. Different analyses testing for congruence between host and parasite phylogenies unanimously revealed a significant association between the corresponding evolutionary trees. The most important factor that resulted in this association was host switching, but depending on the parasite phylogeny considered, co-speciation and duplication may have also played some additional role. Sorting seemed to be a relatively infrequent event, and can occur only under extreme co-evolutionary scenarios. The concordance between host and parasite phylogenies is heterogeneous: while the evolution of some malaria pathogens is strongly dependent on the phylogenetic history of their primate hosts, the congruent evolution is less emphasized for other parasite lineages (e.g. for human malaria parasites). Estimation of ancestral states of host use along the phylogenetic tree of parasites revealed that lateral transfers across distantly related hosts were likely to occur in several cases. Parasites cannot infect all available hosts, and they should preferentially infect hosts that provide a similar environment for reproduction. Marginally significant evidence suggested that there might be a consistent variation within host ranges in terms of physiology. Conclusion The evolution of primate malarias is constrained by the phylogenetic associations of their hosts. Some parasites can preserve a great flexibility to infect hosts across a large phylogenetic distance, thus host switching can be an important factor in mediating host ranges observed in nature. Due to this inherent flexibility and the potential exposure to various vectors, the emergence of new malaria disease in primates including humans cannot be predicted from the phylogeny of parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Zsolt Garamszegi
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana-CSIC, c/Americo Vespucio, s/n, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.
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Jousselin E, Van Noort S, Berry V, Rasplus JY, Rønsted N, Erasmus JC, Greeff JM. ONE FIG TO BIND THEM ALL: HOST CONSERVATISM IN A FIG WASP COMMUNITY UNRAVELED BY COSPECIATION ANALYSES AMONG POLLINATING AND NONPOLLINATING FIG WASPS. Evolution 2008; 62:1777-1797. [PMID: 18419750 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00406.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Jousselin
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Biologie et de Gestion des Populations, Campus International de Baillarguet, CS-30 016, 34 988 Montferrier sur Lez, France
- E-mail:
| | - Simon Van Noort
- Natural History Division, South African Museum, Iziko Museums of Cape Town, PO Box 61, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - Vincent Berry
- Département Informatique, LIRMM- CNRS, 161, rue Ada 34392 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jean-Yves Rasplus
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Biologie et de Gestion des Populations, Campus International de Baillarguet, CS-30 016, 34 988 Montferrier sur Lez, France
| | - Nina Rønsted
- Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3DS Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jaco M Greeff
- Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
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McLeish MJ, Chapman TW. The origin of soldiers in the gall-inducing thrips of Australia (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-6055.2007.00617.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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McLeish MJ, Chapman TW, Schwarz MP. Host-driven diversification of gall-inducing Acacia thrips and the aridification of Australia. BMC Biol 2007; 5:3. [PMID: 17257412 PMCID: PMC1796849 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7007-5-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2006] [Accepted: 01/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insects that feed on plants contribute greatly to the generation of biodiversity. Hypotheses explaining rate increases in phytophagous insect diversification and mechanisms driving speciation in such specialists remain vexing despite considerable attention. The proliferation of plant-feeding insects and their hosts are expected to broadly parallel one another where climate change over geological timescales imposes consequences for the diversification of flora and fauna via habitat modification. This work uses a phylogenetic approach to investigate the premise that the aridification of Australia, and subsequent expansion and modification of arid-adapted host flora, has implications for the diversification of insects that specialise on them. RESULTS Likelihood ratio tests indicated the possibility of hard molecular polytomies within two co-radiating gall-inducing species complexes specialising on the same set of host species. Significant tree asymmetry is indicated at a branch adjacent to an inferred transition to a Plurinerves ancestral host species. Lineage by time diversification plots indicate gall-thrips that specialise on Plurinerves hosts differentially experienced an explosive period of speciation contemporaneous with climatic cycling during the Quaternary period. Chronological analyses indicated that the approximate age of origin of gall-inducing thrips on Acacia might be as recent as 10 million years ago during the Miocene, as truly arid landscapes first developed in Australia. CONCLUSION Host-plant diversification and spatial heterogeneity of hosts have increased the potential for specialisation, resource partitioning, and unoccupied ecological niche availability for gall-thrips on Australian Acacia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J McLeish
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Private Bag X7, Claremont, Cape Town, 7735, Republic of South Africa
| | - Thomas W Chapman
- Department of Biology, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, A1B 3X9, Canada
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