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Bucher M, Condamine FL, Luo Y, Wang M, Bourgoin T. Phylogeny and diversification of planthoppers (Hemiptera Fulgoromorpha) based on a comprehensive molecular dataset and large taxon sampling. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023:107862. [PMID: 37331454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of the evolution of Fulgoromorpha (Insects, Hemiptera) has relied on molecular studies that have only considered either a limited number of taxa where all the families were not represented simultaneously, or a reduced number of genes.The absence of a global analysis comparing all the available data has thus led to significant biases in the analyzes, as evidenced by the incongruence of the results reported for planthopper phylogeny. Here we provide a phylogenetic and dating analysis of the Fulgoromorpha with a large sampling of 531 ingroup taxa, representing about 80% of the currently described suprageneric taxonomic diversity in this group. This study is based on most of the molecular sequences available to date and duly verified, for a set of nuclear and mitochondrial genes from a taxonomic sampling as complete as possible. The most significant results of our study are: (1) the unexpected paraphyly of Delphacidae whose Protodelphacida seem more related to Cixiidae than to other Delphacidae;(2) the group Meenoplidae-Kinnaridae recovered sister to the remaining Fulgoroidea families; (3) the early branching node of Tettigometridae sister of all the other families;(4) the Achilidae-Derbidae clade with Achilidae Plectoderini including Achilixiidae recovered as monophyletic as well as theFulgoridae-Dictyopharidae clade; and (5) the Tropiduchidae placed sister to the other so called 'higher' families (sec. Shcherbakov, 2006).Our divergence times analysis, calibrated with a set of duly verified fossils, suggests that the first diversification of planthoppers occurred in the Early Triassic around 240 Mya and those of the superfamilies Delphacoidea and Fulgoroidea in the Middle-Late Triassic around 210 Mya and 230 Mya, respectively. By the end of the Jurassic, all major planthopper lineages were originated, and all families, around 125 Mya, might havebeen driven in their distribution and evolution (in their first subfamilial divisions) by the geographical constraints of the Gondwanan break-up.Rapid evolutionary radiations occurred particularly in Fulgoridae around 125-130 Mya. Our results stress the importance of the good quality of the sequences used in the molecular analyzes and the primordial importance of a large sampling when analyzing the phylogeny of the group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Bucher
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), MNHN-CNRS-Sorbonne Université-EPHE-Université des Antilles, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CP 50, 45 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Fabien L Condamine
- Institut des Sciences de l'Évolution de Montpellier (ISEM), CNRS-Université de Montpellier-IRD-EPHE, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - Yang Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Green Packaging and Application of Biological Nanotechnology Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China.
| | - Menglin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, Ministry of Education, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China.
| | - Thierry Bourgoin
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), MNHN-CNRS-Sorbonne Université-EPHE-Université des Antilles, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CP 50, 45 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France.
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Pfitzer R, Varrelmann M, Hesse G, Eini O. Molecular Detection of Pentastiridius leporinus, the Main Vector of the Syndrome 'Basses Richesses' in Sugar Beet. INSECTS 2022; 13:992. [PMID: 36354816 PMCID: PMC9695866 DOI: 10.3390/insects13110992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring of Pentastiridius leporinus (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cixiidae), representing the main vector of the syndrome 'basses richesses' (SBR) disease in sugar beet is based on morphological identification. However, two other cixiid species, Reptalus quinquecostatus and Hyalesthes obsoletus with similar external characters are known to appear in sugar beet fields and are challenging to be distinguished from P. leporinus. We present a PCR-based method for species-specific detection of both male and female P. leporinus, directly after sweep net collection or after up to 18 months long term storage on sticky traps. Two methods of DNA template preparation, based on a commercial extraction kit or on simple grinding in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were compared. The latter method was also established for eggs and all five nymphal instars of P. leporinus from a rearing. Furthermore, in silico primer analysis showed that all Auchenorrhyncha species including far related species reported from sugar beet fields can be differentiated from P. leporinus. This was PCR-confirmed for the most common Auchenorrhyncha species from different German sugar beet fields. Sequence analysis of the P. leporinus mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI) amplicon showed a close relationship to COI from P. beieri but separated from the Reptalus and Hyalesthes species which are grouped into the same family Cixiidae. We present a sensitive, cost- and time-saving PCR-based method for reliable and specific detection of eggs and all nymphal instars, as well as male and female P. leporinus, after different methods of planthopper collection and template DNA template preparation that can be used in large scale monitoring assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Pfitzer
- Institute of Sugar Beet Research, Holtenser Landstraße 77, 37079 Göttingen, Germany
- Agricultural Entomology, Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Göttingen, Grisebachstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mark Varrelmann
- Institute of Sugar Beet Research, Holtenser Landstraße 77, 37079 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Georgia Hesse
- Institute of Sugar Beet Research, Holtenser Landstraße 77, 37079 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Omid Eini
- Institute of Sugar Beet Research, Holtenser Landstraße 77, 37079 Göttingen, Germany
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3
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Zhang H, Fang W, Zhao X, Jiang X, Stroiński A, Qin D. Comparative Analysis of the Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Five Species of Ricaniidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) and Phylogenetic Implications. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11010092. [PMID: 35053090 PMCID: PMC8772989 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ricaniidae is a relatively small planthopper family with about 69 genera and 442 species worldwide. Members of this family occur throughout the warm temperate and tropical regions. Some species cause devastating damage to major agricultural and economic plants. However, the relationship between Ricaniidae and other families of Fulgoroidea needs to be further explored. The morphological definitions of the two biggest genera, Pochazia Amyot & Serville, 1843 and Ricania Germar, 1818 (the type genus of Ricaniidae) remain controversial. In this study, mitogenomes of five representatives in these two genera were decoded using the next-generation sequence method and genome assembly. Results showed that their complete mitogenomes are circular DNA molecules with 15,457 to 16,411 bp. All protein-coding genes (PCGs) begin with the start codon ATN, GTG or TTG and end with TAA, TAG, an incomplete stop codon single T or an incomplete stop codon single A. A lost DHU arm was discovered in the trnS gene of the five mitogenomes and the trnV gene within Pochaziaconfusa, Pochazia guttifera and Ricania simulans. The remnant tRNAs folded into clover-leaf structures. The sliding window, genetic distance, and Ka/Ks analyses indicated that the cox1 gene is the slowest evolving and is relatively conserved. The phylogenetic tree topologies support (Delphacidae + (((Issidae + (Lophopidae + Caliscelidae)) + (Flatidae + Ricaniidae)) + (Achilidae + (Dictyopharidae + Fulgoridae)))) as the best topology, as recognized by both PhyloBayes, RAxML and MrBayes based on four data sets (PCG, PCGRNA, PCG12, PCG12RNA). The monophyly of Ricaniidae and the sister group status of two families Flatidae and Ricaniidae are supported, but all analyses failed to support the monophyly of Pochazia and Ricania. The diagnoses between these two genera cannot be resolved until more evidence is acquired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Entomological Museum, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (H.Z.); (W.F.); (X.Z.); (X.J.)
| | - Wei Fang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Entomological Museum, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (H.Z.); (W.F.); (X.Z.); (X.J.)
| | - Xiaoyun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Entomological Museum, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (H.Z.); (W.F.); (X.Z.); (X.J.)
| | - Xin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Entomological Museum, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (H.Z.); (W.F.); (X.Z.); (X.J.)
| | - Adam Stroiński
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, 00-679 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Daozheng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Entomological Museum, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (H.Z.); (W.F.); (X.Z.); (X.J.)
- Correspondence:
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In vitro transmission of 16SrIV phytoplasmas to coconut plants by Haplaxius crudus in Yucatan, Mexico. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:5. [PMID: 34926118 PMCID: PMC8643390 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03069-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The coconut palm is an important crop worldwide. In America, it is affected by lethal yellowing (LY) disease, associated with the presence of 16SrIV ribosomal group phytoplasmas. Studies in Florida using insect-proof cages indicate Haplaxius crudus as a vector of LY phytoplasmas to palm species, including coconut. Here, an in vitro transmission system was used to verify that H. crudus collected in Yucatan, Mexico, transmit 16SrIV phytoplasmas to coconut. Three transmission trials were carried out using micropropagated coconut plants. In each trial, at least one plant was positive to 16SrIV phytoplasmas. In total, there were 4 positive plants out of 34 exposed to insects, and the phytoplasma presence was detected in root, stem, and leaf tissues. The phytoplasmas identified were 16SrIV-A and 16SrIV-D, both found in both plants and insects. In each assay where a plant was positive for either 16SrIV-A or 16SrIV-D, the same phytoplasma was present in the insect or insects used in this assay. This is the first demonstration of transmission of LY phytoplasmas to coconut plants by H. crudus in Mexico and with an in vitro system. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-03069-z.
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Markevich D, Walczak M, Borodin O, Szwedo J, Brożek J. Morphological reassessment of the movable calcar of delphacid planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Delphacidae). Sci Rep 2021; 11:22294. [PMID: 34785713 PMCID: PMC8595309 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01771-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents the morphology of calcar in adult Delphacidae based on representatives of the genera Ugyops Guérin-Meneville, 1834, Notuchus Fennah, 1969 (Ugyopini), Asiraca Latreille, 1798 (Asiracini), Kelisia Fieber, 1866, (Kelisini), Stenocranus Fieber, 1866 (Stenocranini), Chloriona Fieber, 1866, Megadelphax Wagner, 1963, Muellerianella Wagner, 1963, Javesella Fennah, 1963, Conomelus Fieber, 1866, Euconomelus Haupt, 1929, Hyledelphax Vilbaste, 1968, Stiroma Fieber, 1866, Struebingianella Wagner, 1963 and Xanthodelphax Wagner, 1963 (Delphacini). We used SEM electron microscopy, to define seven types of calcar structure (Types 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9) based on combinations of characters including shape, number of teeth and differentiation of sensory structures in species from fifteen genera. Additionally, two other types (Types 3 and 4) were determined based on the calcar descriptions from previous studies. Similarities and differences in calcar structure and function were discussed and emerging relationships between planthopper species and their particular habitats were indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya Markevich
- State Scientific and Production Amalgamation The Scientific and Practical Center for Bioresources, Laboratory of Terrestrial Invertebrates, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220050, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Marcin Walczak
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 9, Bankowa St., 40007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Oleg Borodin
- Institute of Systematic Biology, Daugavpils University, 13 - 229 Vienības Street, Daugavpils, 5401, Latvia
| | - Jacek Szwedo
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Entomology and Museum of Amber Inclusions, Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Parasitology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, 59, Wita Stwosza St., 80309, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Brożek
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 9, Bankowa St., 40007, Katowice, Poland.
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Dzido JL, Sánchez R, Dollet M, Julia JF, Narvaez M, Fabre S, Oropeza C. Haplaxius crudus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) Transmits the Lethal Yellowing Phytoplasmas, 16SrIV, to Pritchardia pacifica Seem. & H.Wendl (Arecaceae) in Yucatan, Mexico. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 49:795-805. [PMID: 32813216 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-020-00799-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lethal yellowing (LY) affects several palm species in the Americas. It is caused by 16SrIV group phytoplasmas. In Florida (USA), LY was shown to be transmitted by the planthopper Haplaxius crudus ( Van Duzee ) (Hemiptera, Cixiidae) to different palm species, including Pritchardia pacifica Seem . & H. Wendl . (Arecaceae) in insect-proof cage experiments in the 1980s, a result that had never been reproduced later. LY has destroyed many coconut plantations as well as other palm species in the Caribbean and Mexico. In order to evaluate if H. crudus is a vector of LY phytoplasmas in Mexico, experiments were carried out in Yucatan (Mexico). Several H. crudus from palms infected by LY in the field were introduced into cages containing young P. pacifica palms. These insects were able to transmit 16SrIV group phytoplasmas to P. pacifica palms. According to DNA sequences comparative analysis, virtual restriction fragment length polymorphism, and phylogenetic analysis, the phytoplasmas detected in these infected P. pacifica were of subgroups A and D. All of ten P. pacifica palms infected with the subgroup D phytoplasmas developed symptoms of LY and died, whereas only one of two palms infected with subgroup A developed LY symptoms and died. This is the first time, more than 30 years later, that the role of H. crudus as a vector of LY is confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-L Dzido
- Cirad, UMR IPME, Montpellier, France
| | - R Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Mérida, Mexico
| | - M Dollet
- Cirad, UMR IPME, Montpellier, France.
- Embrapa CENARGEN, Brasília DF, Brasil.
| | - J-F Julia
- Cirad, UMR IPME, Montpellier, France
| | - M Narvaez
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Mérida, Mexico
| | - S Fabre
- Cirad, UMR IPME, Montpellier, France
| | - C Oropeza
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Mérida, Mexico
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Silva FG, Passos EM, Diniz LEC, Teodoro AV, Talamini V, Fernandes MF, Dollet M. Occurrence in Brazil of Haplaxius crudus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae), Vector of Coconut Lethal Yellowing. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 48:171-174. [PMID: 30632083 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-018-0663-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The lethal yellowing (LY) is a major phytoplasma causing disease seriously threatening coconut plantations worldwide, with imminent risk of entering Brazil. The LY phytoplasma is restricted to the phloem and transmitted by the planthopper Haplaxius crudus (Van Duzee) (Cixiidae). In this study, Auchenorrhyncha were collected on the leaves of Dwarf vs. Dwarf hybrids and Brazilian Green Dwarf Jiqui in the Brazilian northern state of Para using yellow adhesive traps in May of 2016. The planthopper H. crudus was found in coconut plantations of Brazilian Green Dwarf Jiqui, accounting for 87% of the individuals captured. This is the first report of vector H. crudus in Brazilian coconut plantations. These findings are of great scientific relevance since H. crudus could negatively impact the Brazilian coconut industry and this knowledge could be used in contingency measures in the case of LY be introduced in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- F G Silva
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Avenida Marechal Rodon, Jardim Rosa Elze, São Cristovão, Sergipe, 49100-000, Brasil.
| | - E M Passos
- Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brasil
| | - L E C Diniz
- Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brasil
| | - A V Teodoro
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Avenida Marechal Rodon, Jardim Rosa Elze, São Cristovão, Sergipe, 49100-000, Brasil
- Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brasil
| | - V Talamini
- Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brasil
| | - M F Fernandes
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Avenida Marechal Rodon, Jardim Rosa Elze, São Cristovão, Sergipe, 49100-000, Brasil
- Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brasil
| | - M Dollet
- CIRAD, UMR IPME, Montpellier, France
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Narváez M, Vázquez-Euán R, Harrison NA, Nic-Matos G, Julia JF, Dzido JL, Fabre S, Dollet M, Oropeza C. Presence of 16SrIV phytoplasmas of subgroups A, D and E in planthopper Haplaxius crudus Van Duzee insects in Yucatán, Mexico. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:61. [PMID: 29354372 PMCID: PMC5762597 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1094-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was carried out to determine if group 16SrIV phytoplasmas, causing lethal yellowing (LY) disease, are present in Haplaxius crudus Van Duzee (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) insects associated with palms in Yucatán, Mexico. Haplaxius crudus feral insects were captured from palm foliage at two locations (Chicxulub Puerto and CICY, Mérida, where LY-type diseases are active) and evaluated individually for the presence of phytoplasma DNA by a group 16SrIV-specific nested PCR assay. The results showed positive detection in H. crudus insects in a proportion of 2.7% (of the total 2726 analyzed) during a 3-year period of study. The percentage of detection was different for each site, 5.9% positive of 799 insects from Mérida and 1.7% of 1927 from Chicxulub Puerto. Positive detections were also obtained in extracts from 5.3 to 1.2% of males and females, respectively. Sequencing and in silico RFLP and phylogenetic analyses of PCR-amplified rDNA products indicated that H. crudus insects from Chicxulub Puerto harbored phytoplasma strains of subgroups 16SrIV-A or 16SrIV-D, whereas in insects from Mérida the strains found were 16SrIV-A, 16SrIV-D or 16SrIV-E. The diversity of subgroup strains detected in H. crudus coincided with strains previously identified in palms showing LY-type disease syndromes in Yucatán thereby implicating H. crudus as a candidate vector of 16SrIV phytoplasmas in this region of Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Narváez
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), A.C., Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205 Mérida, Yucatán Mexico
| | - Roberto Vázquez-Euán
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora Mexico
| | - Nigel A. Harrison
- University of Florida, Research and Education Center (UF-REC), Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA
| | - Germán Nic-Matos
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), A.C., Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205 Mérida, Yucatán Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Carlos Oropeza
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), A.C., Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205 Mérida, Yucatán Mexico
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Kergoat GJ, Le Ru BP, Sadeghi SE, Tuda M, Reid CAM, György Z, Genson G, Ribeiro-Costa CS, Delobel A. Evolution of Spermophagus seed beetles (Coleoptera, Bruchinae, Amblycerini) indicates both synchronous and delayed colonizations of host plants. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015; 89:91-103. [PMID: 25916187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Seed beetles are a group of specialized chrysomelid beetles, which are mostly associated with plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). In the legume-feeding species, a marked trend of phylogenetic conservatism of host use has been highlighted by several molecular phylogenetics studies. Yet, little is known about the evolutionary patterns of association of species feeding outside the legume family. Here, we investigate the evolution of host use in Spermophagus, a species-rich seed beetle genus that is specialized on two non-legume host-plant groups: morning glories (Convolvulaceae) and mallows (Malvaceae: Malvoideae). Spermophagus species are widespread in the Old World, especially in the Afrotropical, Indomalaya and Palearctic regions. In this study we rely on eight gene regions to provide the first phylogenetic framework for the genus, along with reconstructions of host use evolution, estimates of divergence times and historical biogeography analyses. Like the legume-feeding species, a marked trend toward conservatism of host use is revealed, with one clade specializing on Convolvulaceae and the other on Malvoideae. Comparisons of plants' and insects' estimates of divergence times yield a contrasted pattern: on one hand a quite congruent temporal framework was recovered for morning-glories and their seed-predators; on the other hand the diversification of Spermophagus species associated with mallows apparently lagged far behind the diversification of their hosts. We hypothesize that this delayed colonization of Malvoideae can be accounted for by the respective biogeographic histories of the two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gael J Kergoat
- INRA, UMR 1062 CBGP (INRA, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro), 755 Avenue du campus Agropolis, 34988 Montferrier/Lez, France.
| | - Bruno P Le Ru
- IRD/CNRS, Laboratoire Evolution Génomes Spéciation, Avenue de la terrasse, BP1, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Université Paris-Sud 11, 91405 Orsay, France; Unité de Recherche IRD 072, African Insect Science for Food and Health (ICIPE), PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Seyed E Sadeghi
- Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands of Iran, PO Box 13185-116, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Midori Tuda
- Institute of Biological Control, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 812-8581 Fukuoka, Japan; Laboratory of Insect Natural Enemies, Division of Agricultural Bioresource Sciences, Department of Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 812-8581 Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Chris A M Reid
- Department of Entomology, Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
| | - Zoltán György
- Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, H-1088 Budapest, Baross u. 13, Hungary.
| | - Gwenaëlle Genson
- INRA, UMR 1062 CBGP (INRA, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro), 755 Avenue du campus Agropolis, 34988 Montferrier/Lez, France
| | - Cibele S Ribeiro-Costa
- Laboratório de Sistemática e Bioecologia de Coleoptera, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19020, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Alex Delobel
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 45 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France.
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Brożek J, Bourgoin T. The phylogenetic information carried by a new set of morphological characters in planthoppers: the internal mouthpart structures and test in the Cixiidae model (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha). ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2013; 132:403-420. [PMID: 24459326 PMCID: PMC3892704 DOI: 10.1007/s00435-013-0195-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Internal morphological structures of Cixiidae mouthparts are described and compared in various representatives of the Cixiidae and several other representatives of hemipterans. The morphological study shows that the mouthpart structures have not evolved uniformly and reveals the great disparity of these structures. Particularly, the connecting system of the mouthparts, localisation of salivary canal and shape of the mandibular and maxillar stylets provide together a new set of 17 new characters. A parsimonious analysis to evaluate the phylogenetic interest carried by these 17 selected characters shows that mouthpart structures have not evolved anarchically, but that they indeed carry some phylogenetic information that will be useful to be included in further morphological phylogenetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Brożek
- Department of Zoology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Thierry Bourgoin
- Département Systématique and Evolution, Museum National d’Historie Naturelle, UMR 7205 MNHN–CNRS (ISEB), CP-50, 45 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
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Song N, Liang AP, Bu CP. A molecular phylogeny of Hemiptera inferred from mitochondrial genome sequences. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48778. [PMID: 23144967 PMCID: PMC3493603 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Classically, Hemiptera is comprised of two suborders: Homoptera and Heteroptera. Homoptera includes Cicadomorpha, Fulgoromorpha and Sternorrhyncha. However, according to previous molecular phylogenetic studies based on 18S rDNA, Fulgoromorpha has a closer relationship to Heteroptera than to other hemipterans, leaving Homoptera as paraphyletic. Therefore, the position of Fulgoromorpha is important for studying phylogenetic structure of Hemiptera. We inferred the evolutionary affiliations of twenty-five superfamilies of Hemiptera using mitochondrial protein-coding genes and rRNAs. We sequenced three mitogenomes, from Pyrops candelaria, Lycorma delicatula and Ricania marginalis, representing two additional families in Fulgoromorpha. Pyrops and Lycorma are representatives of an additional major family Fulgoridae in Fulgoromorpha, whereas Ricania is a second representative of the highly derived clade Ricaniidae. The organization and size of these mitogenomes are similar to those of the sequenced fulgoroid species. Our consensus phylogeny of Hemiptera largely supported the relationships (((Fulgoromorpha,Sternorrhyncha),Cicadomorpha),Heteroptera), and thus supported the classic phylogeny of Hemiptera. Selection of optimal evolutionary models (exclusion and inclusion of two rRNA genes or of third codon positions of protein-coding genes) demonstrated that rapidly evolving and saturated sites should be removed from the analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Song
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- Henan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ai-Ping Liang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Cui-Ping Bu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-agricultural Biotechnology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaiyin, China
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Bertin S, Picciau L, Acs Z, Alma A, Bosco D. Molecular differentiation of four Reptalus species (Hemiptera: Cixiidae). BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2010; 100:551-558. [PMID: 20158925 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485309990605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The cixiid species Reptalus quinquecostatus, R. cuspidatus, R. panzeri and R. melanochaetus are widely distributed in Europe and are receiving growing attention because of their potential role as phytoplasma vectors. Identifying the Reptalus species is restricted to a few specialist entomologists and relies on the morphology of the male genitalia, hampering the identification of juveniles and females. This study provides the tools for species discrimination by integrating the morphological description, which is primarily for the genus identification, with new molecular assays, based on both ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA. PCR-RFLP assays carried out on the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI) with AluI provided species-specific profiles for the four Reptalus species. Amplification of a ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) region produced species-specific fragments of different sizes for R. quinquecostatus, R. melanochaetus, R. cuspidatus and R. panzeri. The digestion of the ITS2 PCR product with TaqI allowed the discrimination of these latter two species. This molecular identification key ensures reliable results and can be successfully applied not only to adults, but also to the nymphs feeding on the roots. The identification of the nymphs (i) extends the collection period of these monovoltine species to the whole year (adults are present for a short summer period) and (ii) allows the unambiguous identification of their actual host plants because nymphs are steady on the root system while adults tend to disperse onto other plants. Fast and reliable identification of the Reptalus species provides useful help in monitoring activities and, therefore, in designing rational control strategies to protect crops from phytoplasma infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bertin
- DIVAPRA - Entomologia e Zoologia applicate all'Ambiente 'Carlo Vidano', Università di Torino, Via L. da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
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Bressan A, Arneodo J, Simonato M, Haines WP, Boudon-Padieu E. Characterization and evolution of two bacteriome-inhabiting symbionts in cixiid planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Pentastirini). Environ Microbiol 2009; 11:3265-79. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.02055.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Light JE, Reed DL. Multigene analysis of phylogenetic relationships and divergence times of primate sucking lice (Phthiraptera: Anoplura). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2008; 50:376-90. [PMID: 19027083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2008] [Revised: 10/28/2008] [Accepted: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cospeciation between hosts and parasites offers a unique opportunity to use information from parasites to infer events in host evolutionary history. Although lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) are known to cospeciate with their hosts and have frequently served as important markers to infer host evolutionary history, most molecular studies are based on only one or two markers. Resulting phylogenies may, therefore, represent gene histories (rather than species histories), and analyses of multiple molecular markers are needed to increase confidence in the results of phylogenetic analyses. Herein, we phylogenetically examine nine molecular markers in primate sucking lice (Phthiraptera: Anoplura) and we use these markers to estimate divergence times among louse lineages. Individual and combined analyses of these nine markers are, for the most part, congruent, supporting relationships hypothesized in previous studies. Only one marker, the nuclear protein-coding gene Histone 3, has a significantly different tree topology compared to the other markers. The disparate evolutionary history of this marker, however, has no significant effect on topology or nodal support in the combined phylogenetic analyses. Therefore, phylogenetic results from the combined data set likely represent a solid hypothesis of species relationships. Additionally, we find that simultaneous use of multiple markers and calibration points provides the most reliable estimates of louse divergence times, in agreement with previous studies estimating divergences among species. Estimates of phylogenies and divergence times also allow us to verify the results of [Reed, D.L., Light, J.E., Allen, J.M., Kirchman, J.J., 2007. Pair of lice lost or parasites regained: the evolutionary history of anthropoid primate lice. BMC Biol. 5, 7.]; there was probable contact between gorilla and archaic hominids roughly 3 Ma resulting in a host switch of Pthirus lice from gorillas to archaic hominids. Thus, these results provide further evidence that data from cospeciating organisms can yield important information about the evolutionary history of their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Light
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Dickinson Hall, P.O. Box 117800, Gainesville, FL 32611-7800, USA.
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