1
|
Ball JR, Shelby T, Hernandez F, Mayfield CK, Lieberman JR. Delivery of Growth Factors to Enhance Bone Repair. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1252. [PMID: 38002376 PMCID: PMC10669014 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10111252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of critical-sized bone defects caused by nonunion, trauma, infection, malignancy, pseudoarthrosis, and osteolysis poses complex reconstruction challenges for orthopedic surgeons. Current treatment modalities, including autograft, allograft, and distraction osteogenesis, are insufficient for the diverse range of pathology encountered in clinical practice, with significant complications associated with each. Therefore, there is significant interest in the development of delivery vehicles for growth factors to aid in bone repair in these settings. This article reviews innovative strategies for the management of critical-sized bone loss, including novel scaffolds designed for controlled release of rhBMP, bioengineered extracellular vesicles for delivery of intracellular signaling molecules, and advances in regional gene therapy for sustained signaling strategies. Improvement in the delivery of growth factors to areas of significant bone loss has the potential to revolutionize current treatment for this complex clinical challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R. Ball
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 1500 San Pablo St., Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pitacco P, Sadowska JM, O'Brien FJ, Kelly DJ. 3D bioprinting of cartilaginous templates for large bone defect healing. Acta Biomater 2023; 156:61-74. [PMID: 35907556 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Damaged or diseased bone can be treated using autografts or a range of different bone grafting biomaterials, however limitations with such approaches has motivated increased interest in developmentally inspired bone tissue engineering (BTE) strategies that seek to recapitulate the process of endochondral ossification (EO) as a means of regenerating critically sized defects. The clinical translation of such strategies will require the engineering of scaled-up, geometrically defined hypertrophic cartilage grafts that can be rapidly vascularised and remodelled into bone in mechanically challenging defect environments. The goal of this study was to 3D bioprint mechanically reinforced cartilaginous templates and to assess their capacity to regenerate critically sized femoral bone defects. Human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hMSCs) were incorporated into fibrin based bioinks and bioprinted into polycaprolactone (PCL) frameworks to produce mechanically reinforced constructs. Chondrogenic priming of such hMSC laden constructs was required to support robust vascularisation and graft mineralisation in vivo following their subcutaneous implantation into nude mice. With a view towards maximising their potential to support endochondral bone regeneration, we next explored different in vitro culture regimes to produce chondrogenic and early hypertrophic engineered grafts. Following their implantation into femoral bone defects within transiently immunosuppressed rats, such bioprinted constructs were rapidly remodelled into bone in vivo, with early hypertrophic constructs supporting higher levels of vascularisation and bone formation compared to the chondrogenic constructs. Such early hypertrophic bioprinted constructs also supported higher levels of vascularisation and spatially distinct patterns of new formation compared to BMP-2 loaded collagen scaffolds (here used as a positive control). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that fibrin based bioinks support chondrogenesis of hMSCs in vitro, which enables the bioprinting of mechanically reinforced hypertrophic cartilaginous templates capable of supporting large bone defect regeneration. These results support the use of 3D bioprinting as a strategy to scale-up the engineering of developmentally inspired templates for BTE. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Despite the promise of developmentally inspired tissue engineering strategies for bone regeneration, there are still challenges that need to be addressed to enable clinical translation. This work reports the development and assessment (in vitro and in vivo) of a 3D bioprinting strategy to engineer mechanically-reinforced cartilaginous templates for large bone defect regeneration using human MSCs. Using distinct in vitro priming protocols, it was possible to generate cartilage grafts with altered phenotypes. More hypertrophic grafts, engineered in vitro using TGF-β3 and BMP-2, supported higher levels of blood vessel infiltration and accelerated bone regeneration in vivo. This study also identifies some of the advantages and disadvantages of such endochondral bone TE strategies over the direct delivery of BMP-2 from collagen-based scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierluca Pitacco
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Joanna M Sadowska
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Ireland.
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Ireland.
| | - Daniel J Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen M, Chen Y, Wei C. Nanoparticles based composite coatings with tunable vascular endothelial growth factor and bone morphogenetic protein-2 release for bone regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2022; 111:1044-1053. [PMID: 36565172 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bone healing is a complex cascade involving precisely coordinated spatiotemporal presentation of multiple growth factors (GFs), including osteogenic and angiogenic GFs, and each stage of bone healing requires varying types and content of GFs. In this study, we fabricated a composite nanocoating with tunable vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) that was coated on the surface of a polydopamine (PDA)-decorated tertiary calcium phosphate (TCP) scaffold using VEGF-loaded chitosan/bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (CS/BSA-NPs) and BMP-2-loaded poly-L-lysine/oxidized alginate nanoparticles (PLL/OALG-NPs). It was found that VEGF could be efficiently released to promote vascularization in early bone repair stages due to the rapid biodegradation of CS/BSA-NPs, while bone formation can be promoted by a sustained release of BMP-2 from the slowly degrading PLL/OALG-NPs. The composite coating and TCP scaffold can be conjugated due to the excellent adhesive property of PDA. The composite coating can achieve the rapid release of VEGF and sustained release of BMP-2, which can activate GFs for accelerating bone healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingcong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Surgery, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Cheng Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
De La Vega RE, van Griensven M, Zhang W, Coenen MJ, Nagelli CV, Panos JA, Peniche Silva CJ, Geiger J, Plank C, Evans CH, Balmayor ER. Efficient healing of large osseous segmental defects using optimized chemically modified messenger RNA encoding BMP-2. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabl6242. [PMID: 35171668 PMCID: PMC8849297 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl6242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Large segmental osseous defects heal poorly. Recombinant, human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) is used clinically to promote bone healing, but it is applied at very high doses that cause adverse side effects and raise costs while providing only incremental benefit. We describe a previously unexplored, alternative approach to bone regeneration using chemically modified messenger RNA (cmRNA). An optimized cmRNA encoding BMP-2 was delivered to critical-sized femoral osteotomies in rats. The cmRNA remained orthotopically localized and generated BMP locally for several days. Defects healed at doses ≥25 μg of BMP-2 cmRNA. By 4 weeks, all animals treated with 50 μg of BMP-2 cmRNA had bridged bone defects without forming the massive callus seen with rhBMP-2. Moreover, such defects recovered normal mechanical strength quicker and initiated bone remodeling faster. cmRNA regenerated bone via endochondral ossification, whereas rhBMP-2 drove intramembranous osteogenesis; cmRNA provides an innovative, safe, and highly translatable technology for bone healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo E. De La Vega
- Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- cBITE, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Martijn van Griensven
- Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- cBITE, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Michael J. Coenen
- Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Joseph A. Panos
- Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Carlos J. Peniche Silva
- cBITE, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Elizabeth R. Balmayor
- Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- IBE, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Song A, Jiang F, Wang Y, Wang M, Wu Y, Zheng Y, Song X, Zhang W, Zhou J. Semaphorin3A promotes osseointegration of titanium implants in osteoporotic rabbits. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:969-979. [PMID: 34363102 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04081-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the present study, we intend to assess the function of Sema3A in osteointegration of titanium implants both in vivo and in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS Briefly, Sema3A was transfected in HBMSCs cells to detect its effect on osteogenesis. Subsequently, an in vivo rabbit model was established. Eighteen female rabbits were randomly assigned into three groups (n=6), and rabbits in the two treatment groups (OVX groups) were subjected to bilateral ovariectomy, while those in the control group were treated with sham operation. Twelve weeks later, we first examined expression levels of Sema3A in rabbits of the three groups. Titanium implants were implanted in rabbit proximal tibia. Specifically, rabbits in sham group were implanted with Matrigel, while the remaining in the OVX experimental group (OVX+Sema3A group) and OVX group were implanted with Matrigel containing Sema3A adeno-associated virus or empty vector, respectively. RESULTS Histomorphometry results uncovered that rabbits in the OVX+Sema3A group had a significantly higher BIC compared with those of the OVX group on the 12th week of post-implantation. And compared with the OVX group, the maximum push-out force increased by 89.4%, and the stiffness increased by 39.4%, the toughness increased by 63.8% in the OVX+Sema3A group at 12 weeks. CONCLUSION Sema3A has a positive effect on promoting early osseointegration of titanium implants in osteoporotic rabbits. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our research found that Sema3A can improve the osteogenic ability of bone marrow stem cells and promotes osseointegration during osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- An Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, No.1, Shanghai Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, No.1, Shanghai Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, No.1, Shanghai Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, No.179, Xiaolingwei Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanhui Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, No.179, Xiaolingwei Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, No.1, Shanghai Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaomeng Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, No.1, Shanghai Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, No.1, Shanghai Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Junbo Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, No.179, Xiaolingwei Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To support the preclinical evaluation of therapeutics that target chondrogenesis, our goal was to generate a rat strain that can noninvasively report endogenous chondrogenic activity. DESIGN A transgene was constructed in which the dual expression of bioluminescent (firefly luciferase) and fluorescent (mCherry) reporters is controlled by regulatory sequences from rat Col2a1. Candidate lines were established on a Lewis background and characterized by serial bioluminescence imaging as well as ex vivo measurement of molecular reporter levels in several tissues. The sensitivity and specificity of the reporter strain were assessed in models of orthotopic and ectopic chondrogenesis. RESULTS Substantial bioluminescence signal was detected from cartilaginous regions, including the appendicular synovial joints, spine, sternum, nose, and pinnae. Bioluminescent radiance was intense at 1 month of age, rapidly declined with continued development, yet remained detectable in 2-year-old animals. Explant imaging and immunohistochemistry confirmed that both molecular reporters were localized to cartilage. Implantation of wild-type bone marrow stromal cells into osteochondral defects made in both young adult and aged reporter rats led to a time-dependent elevation of intra-articular reporter activity concurrent with cartilaginous tissue repair. To stimulate ectopic, endochondral bone formation, bone morphogenetic protein 2 was overexpressed in the gastrocnemius muscle, which led to bioluminescent signal that closely preceded heterotopic ossification. CONCLUSIONS This strain can help develop strategies to stimulate cartilage repair and endochondral bone formation or to inhibit chondrogenesis associated with heterotopic ossification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Ferreira
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease
Research, Departments of Internal Medicine and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of
Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Landon B. Gatrell
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease
Research, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine,
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Luke Childress
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease
Research, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine,
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Hong Wu
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease
Research, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine,
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Ryan M. Porter
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease
Research, Departments of Internal Medicine and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of
Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA,Ryan M. Porter, Center for Musculoskeletal
Disease Research, Departments of Internal Medicine and Orthopaedic Surgery,
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham Street, Mail Slot
#587, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Paradise CR, De La Vega RE, Galvan ML, Carrasco ME, Thaler R, van Wijnen AJ, Dudakovic A. Brd4 Inactivation Increases Adenoviral Delivery of BMP2 for Paracrine Stimulation of Osteogenic Differentiation as a Gene Therapeutic Concept to Enhance Bone Healing. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10520. [PMID: 34693189 PMCID: PMC8520065 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain (BRD) proteins are histone code interpreters that recognize acetylated lysines and link the dynamic state of chromatin with the transcriptional machinery. Here, we demonstrate that ablation of the Brd4 gene in primary mouse bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells via a conditional Brd4fl/fl allele suppresses osteogenic lineage commitment. Remarkably, loss of Brd4 function also enhances expression of genes in engineered adenoviral vectors, including Cre recombinase and green fluorescent protein (GFP). Similarly, vector‐based expression of BMP2 mRNA and protein levels are enhanced upon Brd4 depletion in cells transduced with an adenoviral vector that expresses BMP2 (Ad‐BMP2). Importantly, Brd4 depletion in MC3T3‐E1 and human adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) transduced with Ad‐BMP2 enhances osteogenic differentiation of naïve MC3T3‐E1 cells via paracrine mechanisms based on transwell and conditioned medium studies. Our studies indicate that Brd4 depletion enhances adenoviral transgene expression in mammalian cells, which can be leveraged as a therapeutic strategy to improve viral vector‐based gene therapies. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Paradise
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA
| | - Rodolfo E De La Vega
- Musculosketal Gene Therapy Research Laboratory, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA.,Department cBITE, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands.,Department IBE, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - M Lizeth Galvan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA
| | | | - Roman Thaler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA
| | - Amel Dudakovic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
De la Vega RE, Atasoy-Zeybek A, Panos JA, VAN Griensven M, Evans CH, Balmayor ER. Gene therapy for bone healing: lessons learned and new approaches. Transl Res 2021; 236:1-16. [PMID: 33964474 PMCID: PMC8976879 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although gene therapy has its conceptual origins in the treatment of Mendelian disorders, it has potential applications in regenerative medicine, including bone healing. Research into the use of gene therapy for bone healing began in the 1990s. Prior to this period, the highly osteogenic proteins bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 and -7 were cloned, produced in their recombinant forms and approved for clinical use. Despite their promising osteogenic properties, the clinical usefulness of recombinant BMPs is hindered by delivery problems that necessitate their application in vastly supraphysiological amounts. This generates adverse side effects, some of them severe, and raises costs; moreover, the clinical efficacy of the recombinant proteins is modest. Gene delivery offers a potential strategy for overcoming these limitations. Our research has focused on delivering a cDNA encoding human BMP-2, because the recombinant protein is Food and Drug Administration approved and there is a large body of data on its effects in people with broken bones. However, there is also a sizeable literature describing experimental results obtained with other transgenes that may directly or indirectly promote bone formation. Data from experiments in small animal models confirm that intralesional delivery of BMP-2 cDNA is able to heal defects efficiently and safely while generating transient, local BMP-2 concentrations 2-3 log orders less than those needed by recombinant BMP-2. The next challenge is to translate this information into a clinically expedient technology for bone healing. Our present research focuses on the use of genetically modified, allografted cells and chemically modified messenger RNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo E De la Vega
- Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Musculoskeletal Gene Therapy Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; cBITE, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Aysegul Atasoy-Zeybek
- Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Musculoskeletal Gene Therapy Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Joseph A Panos
- Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Musculoskeletal Gene Therapy Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Martijn VAN Griensven
- Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Musculoskeletal Gene Therapy Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; cBITE, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Christopher H Evans
- Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Musculoskeletal Gene Therapy Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
| | - Elizabeth R Balmayor
- Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Musculoskeletal Gene Therapy Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; IBE, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
» Orthopaedics pioneered the expansion of gene therapy beyond its traditional scope of diseases that are caused by rare single-gene defects. Orthopaedic applications of gene therapy are most developed in the areas of arthritis and regenerative medicine, but several additional possibilities exist. » Invossa, an ex vivo gene therapeutic for osteoarthritis, was approved in South Korea in 2017, but its approval was retracted in 2019 and remains under appeal; a Phase-III clinical trial of Invossa has restarted in the U.S. » There are several additional clinical trials for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis that could lead to approved gene therapeutics for arthritis. » Bone-healing and cartilage repair are additional areas that are attracting considerable research; intervertebral disc degeneration and the healing of ligaments, tendons, and menisci are other applications of interest. Orthopaedic tumors, genetic diseases, and aseptic loosening are additional potential targets. » If successful, these endeavors will expand the scope of gene therapy from providing expensive medicines for a few patients to providing affordable medicines for many.
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang D, Deng T, Luo Z, Zhu A, Yang B, Zhong H, Li S, Yang X. [Surface modification of titanium implant with hBMP-2/hIGF-1 for promoting biocompatibility and osteogenesis]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2021; 41:1277-1282. [PMID: 34549722 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.08.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To prepare the human bone morphogenetic protein-2(hBMP-2)/human insulin-like growth factor-1(hIGF-1)coating titanium(Ti)and assess its performance as a dental implant material. METHODS hBMP-2 and hIGF-1 were coated to the smooth surface of a Ti plate, and its efficacy for promoting bone formation and bone integration was compared with a pristine Ti plate.The surface characteristics of the metal samples were evaluated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and by contact angle measurement.MG63 cells were seeded on the surface of the Ti plates, and MTT assay and alizarin red staining was used to examine the cell proliferation and formation of calcified nodules, respectively.Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)secretion of the cells was examined with ELISA, and cellular expressions of osteocalcin and osteopontin were detected with Western blotting for assessing osteogenesis. RESULTS SEM examination showed that the surface of Ti with hBMP-2 and hIGF-1 coating presented with a radial pattern resembling snowflakes.The contact angles of non-coated Ti, hBMP-2-coated Ti, hIGF-1-coated, and hBMP-2/-hIGF-1-coated Ti samples were 83.2°, 54°, 56° and 54°, respectively.Compared with the non-coated Ti plate, the surface-modified Ti samples showed a significantly smaller contact angle (P=0.032, 0.029, and 0.028), indicating a good hydrophilicity of the samples.MTT assay showed that MG63 cells grew well on the surface of the coated Ti plates.The hBMP-2/IGF-1 coating significantly induced cellular secretion of ALP(P=0.021, 0.014)and obviously promoted osteogenesis of MG63 cells (P < 0.05).Western blotting results showed that hBMP-2/IGF-1 coating significantly enhanced the expressions of osteocalcin and osteopontin in the seeded cells (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION hBMP-2 and hIGF-1 coating of Ti material can promote osteogenesis of the cells seeded on its surface to improve the performance of such Ti material as dental implants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Zhang
- Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - T Deng
- Department of Stomatology, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Z Luo
- Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - A Zhu
- Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - B Yang
- Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - H Zhong
- Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - S Li
- Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - X Yang
- Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang Y, Li Q, Guo Y, Liu Y, Li X, Guo J, Li W, Cheng L, Chen H, Kang Y. Lung parenchyma parameters measure of rats from pulmonary window computed tomography images based on ResU-Net model for medical respiratory researches. Math Biosci Eng 2021; 18:4193-4211. [PMID: 34198432 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2021210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Our paper proposes a method to measure lung parenchyma parameters from pulmonary window computed tomography images based on ResU-Net model including the CT value, the density, the lung volume, and the surface area of the lungs of healthy rats, to help promote the quantitative analysis of lung parenchyma parameters of rats in medical respiratory researches. Through the analysis of the lung parenchyma parameters of the control group and the treatment group, the law of change among the lung parenchyma parameters is given in our paper. After comparing and analyzing the lung parenchyma parameter CT value and the density of the two groups, it is discovered that the lung parenchyma parameter CT value and the density significantly increase in the treatment group which is after continuously inhaling the nebulization of contrast agents. The change of the lung volume with the surface area in both two groups conforms to the law of lung changes during breathing. The relationship between the lung volume and the CT value or the density is analyzed and it is concluded that the lung volume is negatively correlated with the CT value or the density.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjian Yang
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
- Medical Health and Intelligent Simulation Laboratory, Medical Device Innovation Center, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
- Medical Health and Intelligent Simulation Laboratory, Medical Device Innovation Center, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Yingwei Guo
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
- Medical Health and Intelligent Simulation Laboratory, Medical Device Innovation Center, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Medical Health and Intelligent Simulation Laboratory, Medical Device Innovation Center, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Xian Li
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Wei Li
- Medical Health and Intelligent Simulation Laboratory, Medical Device Innovation Center, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- Medical Health and Intelligent Simulation Laboratory, Medical Device Innovation Center, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Huai Chen
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yan Kang
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
- Medical Health and Intelligent Simulation Laboratory, Medical Device Innovation Center, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
- Engineering Research Centre of Medical Imaging and Intelligent Analysis, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110169, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nulty J, Freeman FE, Browe DC, Burdis R, Ahern DP, Pitacco P, Lee YB, Alsberg E, Kelly DJ. 3D bioprinting of prevascularised implants for the repair of critically-sized bone defects. Acta Biomater 2021; 126:154-169. [PMID: 33705989 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
For 3D bioprinted tissues to be scaled-up to clinically relevant sizes, effective prevascularisation strategies are required to provide the necessary nutrients for normal metabolism and to remove associated waste by-products. The aim of this study was to develop a bioprinting strategy to engineer prevascularised tissues in vitro and to investigate the capacity of such constructs to enhance the vascularisation and regeneration of large bone defects in vivo. From a screen of different bioinks, a fibrin-based hydrogel was found to best support human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) sprouting and the establishment of a microvessel network. When this bioink was combined with HUVECs and supporting human bone marrow stem/stromal cells (hBMSCs), these microvessel networks persisted in vitro. Furthermore, only bioprinted tissues containing both HUVECs and hBMSCs, that were first allowed to mature in vitro, supported robust blood vessel development in vivo. To assess the therapeutic utility of this bioprinting strategy, these bioinks were used to prevascularise 3D printed polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds, which were subsequently implanted into critically-sized femoral bone defects in rats. Micro-computed tomography (µCT) angiography revealed increased levels of vascularisation in vivo, which correlated with higher levels of new bone formation. Such prevascularised constructs could be used to enhance the vascularisation of a range of large tissue defects, forming the basis of multiple new bioprinted therapeutics. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This paper demonstrates a versatile 3D bioprinting technique to improve the vascularisation of tissue engineered constructs and further demonstrates how this method can be incorporated into a bone tissue engineering strategy to improve vascularisation in a rat femoral defect model.
Collapse
|
13
|
De la Vega R, Coenen M, Müller S, Nagelli C, Quirk N, Lopez de Padilla C, Evans C. Effects of FK506 on the healing of diaphyseal, critical size defects in the rat femur. Eur Cell Mater 2020; 40:160-171. [PMID: 33021330 PMCID: PMC7816824 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v040a10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
There is much interest in understanding the influence of the immune system on bone healing, including a number of reports suggesting a beneficial effect of FK506 (tacrolimus) in this regard. The influence of FK506 in a rat, femoral, critical size defect was examined using locally implanted, recombinant, human (rh) BMP-2 and adenovirally-transduced, autologous, adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AD-MSCs) expressing BMP-2. FK506 was delivered systemically using an implanted osmotic pump. Empty defects and those implanted with unmodified AD-MSCs did not heal in the presence or absence of FK506. Defects treated with rhBMP-2 healed with a large callus containing thin cortices and wispy trabeculae; this, too, was unaffected by FK506. A third of defects implanted with adenovirally-transduced AD-MSCs healed, but this improved to 100 % in the presence of FK506. New bone formed in response to BMP-2 synthesised endogenously by the genetically modified cells had a slimmer callus than those healed by rhBMP-2, with improved cortication and advanced reconstitution of marrow. These results suggest that FK506 may have had little effect on the intrinsic biology of bone healing, but improved healing in response to adenovirally-transduced cells by inhibiting immune responses to the first-generation adenovirus used here. Because the genetically modified cells produced bone of higher quality at far lower doses of BMP-2, this approach should be explored in subsequent research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R.E. De la Vega
- Musculoskeletal Gene Therapy Research Laboratory, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,Department cBITE and Department IBE, MERLN - Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - M.J. Coenen
- Musculoskeletal Gene Therapy Research Laboratory, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - S.A. Müller
- Musculoskeletal Gene Therapy Research Laboratory, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,Orthopaedic Department, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - C.V. Nagelli
- Musculoskeletal Gene Therapy Research Laboratory, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - N.P. Quirk
- Musculoskeletal Gene Therapy Research Laboratory, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - C. Lopez de Padilla
- Musculoskeletal Gene Therapy Research Laboratory, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - C.H. Evans
- Musculoskeletal Gene Therapy Research Laboratory, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,Address for correspondence: C.H. Evans, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sangadala S, Devereaux EJ, Presciutti SM, Boden SD, Willet NJ. FK506 Induces Ligand-Independent Activation of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein Pathway and Osteogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1900. [PMID: 30999619 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoinductive bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), including BMP-2, have a unique capability of mediating bone formation both in orthotopic and ectopic locations. Immunosuppresive macrolides have been shown to potentiate BMP-2 activity through FKBP12, but these have yet to translate to effective osteoinductive therapies. Herein, we show the osteogenic activity of FK506 as a stand-alone agent in direct comparison to BMP-2 both in vitro and in vivo. FK506 was capable of producing stand-alone alkaline phosphatase induction in C2C12 cells comparable to that seen with rhBMP-2. FK506 treatment activated the BMP receptor, as shown by increased pSmad1/5 levels, and produced significantly higher mRNA levels of the early response genes in BMP and TGF-β pathways. Additionally, the FK506 induction of alkaline phosphatase was shown to be resistant to Noggin treatment. In vivo osteogenic activity of FK506 was tested by local delivery on a collagen sponge in an ectopic subcutaneous implantation model in the rat. Dose responses of FK506 showed increasing levels of ectopic mineralization comparable to the mineral volume produced by BMP-2 delivery. These findings suggest that the use of FK506 can enhance osteoblastic differentiation in vitro and can induce mineralization when delivered locally in vivo.
Collapse
|
15
|
Quan C, Zhang Z, Liang P, Zheng J, Wang J, Hou Y, Tang Q. Bioactive gel self-assembled from phosphorylate biomimetic peptide: A potential scaffold for enhanced osteogenesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 121:1054-1060. [PMID: 30359655 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 biomimetic peptide (BMPBP) is a potent osteoinductive cytokine and plays a critical role during bone regeneration. Efforts to prepare hydrogels with surface modification or physical absorption of bioactive molecules do not provide sufficient bioactivity to meet the requirements of clinical application. The goal of this study was to form a three-dimensional hydrogel comprised of BMP-2 core sequence oligopeptide, phosphoserine, a synthetic cell adhesion peptide (RGDS), and polyaspartic acid to synergistically promote osteogenesis. Experiments performed in vitro revealed that the peptide gel was conducive to adhesion and proliferation of rat marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs). In addition, RT-PCR analysis indicated that rMSCs allowed better expression of osteogenesis-related genes such as BMP-2, runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), and osteopontin (OPN). Use of the rat cranial bone defects model with micro-CT 3D reconstruction showed that bone regeneration patterns occurred from one side edge toward the center of the area implanted with the prepared biomimetic peptide hydrogels, demonstrating significantly accelerated bone regeneration. This work will provide a basis to explore the further application potential of this bioactive scaffold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changyun Quan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instruments, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Zhaoqing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instruments, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Peiqing Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instruments, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Junjiong Zheng
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Jiping Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instruments, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yulin Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instruments, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Qiyan Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instruments, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Betz VM, Ren B, Messmer C, Jansson V, Betz OB, Müller PE. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 is a stronger inducer of osteogenesis within muscle tissue than heterodimeric bone morphogenetic protein-2/6 and -2/7: Implications for expedited gene-enhanced bone repair. J Gene Med 2018; 20:e3042. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Volker M. Betz
- Department of Gene Therapy; University of Ulm; Ulm Germany
- Center for Rehabilitation; RKU - University and Rehabilitation Hospitals Ulm; Ulm Germany
| | - Bin Ren
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; Munich Germany
| | - Carolin Messmer
- Center for Rehabilitation; RKU - University and Rehabilitation Hospitals Ulm; Ulm Germany
| | - Volkmar Jansson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; Munich Germany
| | - Oliver B. Betz
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; Munich Germany
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA USA
| | - Peter E. Müller
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; Munich Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu S, Yang L, Mu S, Fu Q. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Ameliorates Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis of Rats in Vivo and in Vitro. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:447. [PMID: 29867459 PMCID: PMC5954082 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Prolonged administration of overdoses of glucocorticoids results in increased bone remodeling, leading to glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO), which is primarily due to the dysfunction and apoptosis of osteoblasts. The present study investigated the therapeutic effect and molecular mechanism of action of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a bioactive catechin in green tea, in high-dose dexamethasone-induced osteoblast differentiation in vivo and in vitro. Methods: The anti-dexamethasone (DEX) effects of EGCG on primary osteoblasts were determined on the basis of cell viability and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total cellular superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Flow cytometry and Western blot analysis were also used to evaluate the expression of related biomarkers in vitro, and bone microarchitecture was also extensively examined in a rat model in vivo. Results: The results showed that EGCG pretreatment significantly increased osteoblast viability and ALP and SOD activities when cells were exposed to DEX. Alizarin red staining indicated that there was more mineralization with EGCG pretreatment, countering DEX effects. EGCG reduced DEX-induced reactive oxygen species at both the mitochondrial and cellular levels in osteoblasts by activating the nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like-2 (Nrf2) pathway. In addition, EGCG protected osteoblasts from apoptosis. EGCG also regulated the formation of active glucocorticoid by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. Furthermore, femoral micro-computed tomography scans revealed that EGCG improved bone microstructure and mitigated DEX-induced deterioration of bone quality. Conclusion: These findings suggested that EGCG reversed GIO in rats by protecting osteoblasts by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengye Liu
- Department of Spine and Joint Surgery, ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liyu Yang
- Department of Spine and Joint Surgery, ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuai Mu
- Department of Spine and Joint Surgery, ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qin Fu
- Department of Spine and Joint Surgery, ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Grol MW, Lee BH. Gene therapy for repair and regeneration of bone and cartilage. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2018; 40:59-66. [PMID: 29621661 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy refers to the use of viral and non-viral vectors to deliver nucleic acids to tissues of interest using direct (in vivo) or transduced cell-mediated (ex vivo) approaches. Over the past few decades, strategies have been adopted to express therapeutic transgenes at sites of injury to promote or facilitate repair of bone and cartilage. Targets of interest have typically included secreted proteins such as growth factors and anti-inflammatory mediators; however, work has also begun to focus intracellularly on signaling components, transcription factors and small, regulatory nucleic acids such as microRNAs (miRNAs). In recent years, a number of single therapeutic gene approaches (termed 'monotherapies') have proven effective in preclinical models of disease, and several are being evaluated in clinical trials. In particular, an ex vivo TGF-β1 gene therapy was approved in Korea in 2017 for treatment of moderate-to-severe osteoarthritis (OA). The ability to utilize viral vectors for context-specific and combinatorial gene therapy is also being investigated, and these strategies are likely to be important in more robustly addressing the complexities of tissue repair and regeneration in skeletal disease. In this review, we provide an overview of viral gene therapies being developed for treatment of bone and cartilage pathologies, with an emphasis on emerging combinatorial strategies as well as those targeting intracellular mediators such as miRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Grol
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brendan H Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|