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Li S, Xu Z, Zhang S, Sun H, Qin X, Zhu L, Jiang T, Zhou J, Yan F, Deng Q. Non-coding RNAs in acute ischemic stroke: from brain to periphery. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:116-129. [PMID: 38767481 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke is a clinical emergency and a condition with high morbidity, mortality, and disability. Accurate predictive, diagnostic, and prognostic biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets for acute ischemic stroke remain undetermined. With innovations in high-throughput gene sequencing analysis, many aberrantly expressed non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the brain and peripheral blood after acute ischemic stroke have been found in clinical samples and experimental models. Differentially expressed ncRNAs in the post-stroke brain were demonstrated to play vital roles in pathological processes, leading to neuroprotection or deterioration, thus ncRNAs can serve as therapeutic targets in acute ischemic stroke. Moreover, distinctly expressed ncRNAs in the peripheral blood can be used as biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke prediction, diagnosis, and prognosis. In particular, ncRNAs in peripheral immune cells were recently shown to be involved in the peripheral and brain immune response after acute ischemic stroke. In this review, we consolidate the latest progress of research into the roles of ncRNAs (microRNAs, long ncRNAs, and circular RNAs) in the pathological processes of acute ischemic stroke-induced brain damage, as well as the potential of these ncRNAs to act as biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke prediction, diagnosis, and prognosis. Findings from this review will provide novel ideas for the clinical application of ncRNAs in acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhaohan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shiyao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huiling Sun
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaodan Qin
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Teng Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Junshan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fuling Yan
- Department of Neurology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiwen Deng
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Liu C, Gao Q, Dong J, Cai H. Usf2 Deficiency Promotes Autophagy to Alleviate Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through Suppressing YTHDF1-m6A-Mediated Cdc25A Translation. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2556-2568. [PMID: 37914905 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03735-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy has been involved in protection of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced injury in many tissues including the brain. The upstream stimulatory factor 2 (Usf2) was proposed as a regulator in aging and degenerative brain diseases; however, the its role in autophagy during cerebral I/R injury remains unclear. Here, the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) operation was applied to establish an I/R mouse model. We showed that Usf2 was significantly upregulated in I/R-injured brain, accompanied by decreased levels of autophagy. Then, oxygen-glucose deprivation/recovery (OGD/R) treatment was used to establish a cellular I/R model in HT22 neurons, and lentiviral interference vector against Usf2 (LV-sh-Usf2) was used to infect the neurons. Our results showed that Usf2 was significantly upregulated in OGD/R-treated HT22 neurons that displayed an increased level in cell apoptosis and decreased levels in cell viability and autophagy, and interference of Usf2 largely rescued the effects of OGD/R on cell viability, apoptosis, and autophagy, suggesting an important role of Usf2 in neuron autophagy. In the mechanism exploration, we found that, as a transcription factor, Usf2 bound to the promoter of YTHDF1, a famous reader of N6-Methyladenosine (m6A), also induced by OGD/R, and promoted its transcription. Overexpression of YTHDF1 was able to reverse the improvement of Usf2 interference on viability and autophagy of HT22 neurons. Moreover, YTHDF1 suppressed autophagy to induce HT22 cell apoptosis through increasing m6A-mediated stability of Cdc25A, a newly identified autophagy inhibitor. Finally, we demonstrated that interference of Usf2 markedly improved autophagy and alleviated I/R-induced injury in MCAO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Qing Gao
- Department of Anesthesia Operation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jian Dong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Abudureyimu S, He C, Xie W, Chen Z, Airikenjiang H, Abulaiti D, Cao Y, Qiu H, Gao Y. FOXO3a functions as a transcriptional and co-transcriptional splicing regulator in vascular endothelial cell lines. Gene 2024; 904:148221. [PMID: 38286271 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated a connection between Forkhead box O3a protein and coronary artery disease, yet the exact role of FOXO3a in the regulation of metabolic processes and apoptosis in vascular endothelial cells is still unknown. Therefore, we investigated the role of FOXO3a on target genes in a human vascular endothelial cell line. Through the utilization of high-throughput sequencing technology, we analyzed gene expression profiles and alternative splicing patterns in human vascular endothelial cells with FOXO3a over expression. This study identified 419 DEGs between FOXO3a-OE HUVEC model and control cells. KEGG analysis indicated that the upregulated genes were mainly enriched in inflammation-related signaling pathways, and the downregulated genes were enriched in lipid metabolism-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shajidan Abudureyimu
- Department of Comprehensive Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 830011 Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chunhui He
- China Heart Failure Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100010 Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Hospital, 830011 Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Xinjiang Medical University, 830011 Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Halisha Airikenjiang
- Department of Comprehensive Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 830011 Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Dilihumaer Abulaiti
- Department of Comprehensive Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 830011 Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital Xinjiang Medical University, 830000 Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Haitang Qiu
- Department of Comprehensive Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 830011 Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Comprehensive Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 830011 Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
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Liu Y, Zhang T, Zou X, Yuan Z, Li Y, Zang J, He N, He L, Xu A, Lu D. Penumbra-targeted CircOGDH siRNA-loaded nanoparticles alleviate neuronal apoptosis in focal brain ischaemia. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2024; 9:134-144. [PMID: 37328278 PMCID: PMC11103160 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2022-002009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanoparticles (NPs) are a class of substances that can be loaded with therapeutic agents delivered to specific areas. In our earlier research, we identified a neuron-derived circular RNA (circRNA), circular oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (CircOGDH), as a promising therapeutic target for acute ischaemic stroke. This study dedicated to explore a prospective preliminary strategy of CircOGDH-based NP delivered to the ischaemic penumbra region in middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) mice. METHODS Immunofluorescence in primary cortex neurons and in vivo fluorescence imaging revealed endocytosis of Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) poly amidoamine(PAMAM)@CircOGDH small interfering RNA (siRNA) NPs. Western blotting analysis and CCK8 assay were performed to evaluate the apoptotic level in ischaemic neurons treated with PLGA-PAMAM@CircOGDH siRNA NPs. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR experiments, mice behaviour test, T2 MRI analysis, Nissl and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) co-staining were performed to evaluate the apoptosis level of ischaemic penumbra neurons in MCAO/R mice. Biosafety evaluation of NPs in MCAO/R mice was detected by blood routine examination, liver and kidney function examination and HE staining. RESULTS PLGA-PAMAM@CircOGDH siRNA NPs were successfully assembled. Endocytosis of PLGA-PAMAM@CircOGDH siRNA NPs in ischaemic neurons alleviated neuronal apoptotic level in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, mice behaviour test showed that the neurological defects of MCAO/R mice were significantly alleviated after the tail injection of PLGA-PAMAM@CircOGDH siRNA NPs, and no toxic effects were observed. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our results suggest that PLGA-PAMAM@CircOGDH siRNA NPs can be delivered to the ischaemic penumbra region and alleviate neuron apoptosis in MCAO/R mice and in ischaemic neurons; therefore, our study provides a desirable approach for using circRNA-based NPs for the treatment of ischaemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Liu
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Lab of Guangzhou Basic and Translational Research of Pan-vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianyuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Lab of Guangzhou Basic and Translational Research of Pan-vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Zou
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Lab of Guangzhou Basic and Translational Research of Pan-vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongwen Yuan
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yufeng Li
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Lab of Guangzhou Basic and Translational Research of Pan-vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiankun Zang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Lab of Guangzhou Basic and Translational Research of Pan-vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Niu He
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Lab of Guangzhou Basic and Translational Research of Pan-vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lizhen He
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Anding Xu
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Lab of Guangzhou Basic and Translational Research of Pan-vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Lu
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Lab of Guangzhou Basic and Translational Research of Pan-vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Peng Z, Ding YN, Yang ZM, Li XJ, Zhuang Z, Lu Y, Tang QS, Hang CH, Li W. Neuron-targeted liposomal coenzyme Q10 attenuates neuronal ferroptosis after subarachnoid hemorrhage by activating the ferroptosis suppressor protein 1/coenzyme Q10 system. Acta Biomater 2024; 179:325-339. [PMID: 38561074 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is primarily attributed to the rupture of intracranial aneurysms and is associated with a high incidence of disability and mortality. SAH disrupts the blood‒brain barrier, leading to the release of iron ions from blood within the subarachnoid space, subsequently inducing neuronal ferroptosis. A recently discovered protein, known as ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1), exerts anti-ferroptotic effects by facilitating the conversion of oxidative coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ10) to its reduced form, which effectively scavenges reactive oxygen radicals and mitigates iron-induced ferroptosis. In our investigation, we observed an increase in FSP1 levels following SAH. However, the depletion of CoQ10 caused by SAH hindered the biological function of FSP1. Therefore, we created neuron-targeted liposomal CoQ10 by introducing the neuron-targeting peptide Tet1 onto the surface of liposomal CoQ10. Our objective was to determine whether this formulation could activate the FSP1 system and subsequently inhibit neuronal ferroptosis. Our findings revealed that neuron-targeted liposomal CoQ10 effectively localized to neurons at the lesion site after SAH. Furthermore, it facilitated the upregulation of FSP1, reduced the accumulation of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species, inhibited neuronal ferroptosis, and exerted neuroprotective effects both in vitro and in vivo. Our study provides evidence that supplementation with CoQ10 can effectively activate the FSP1 system. Additionally, we developed a neuron-targeted liposomal CoQ10 formulation that can be selectively delivered to neurons at the site of SAH. This innovative approach represents a promising therapeutic strategy for neuronal ferroptosis following SAH. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is primarily attributed to the rupture of intracranial aneurysms and is associated with a high incidence of disability and mortality. Ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1), exerts anti-ferroptotic effects by facilitating the conversion of oxidative coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ10) to its reduced form, which effectively scavenges reactive oxygen radicals and mitigates iron-induced ferroptosis. In our investigation, we observed an increase in FSP1 levels following SAH. However, the depletion of CoQ10 caused by SAH hindered the biological function of FSP1. Therefore, we created neuron-targeted liposomal CoQ10. We find that it effectively localized to neurons at the lesion site after SAH and activated the FSP1/CoQ10 system. This innovative approach represents a promising therapeutic strategy for neuronal ferroptosis following SAH and other central nervous system diseases characterized by disruption of the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Neurosurgical Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yi-Nan Ding
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
| | | | - Xiao-Jian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Neurosurgical Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zong Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Neurosurgical Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Neurosurgical Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Qiu-Sha Tang
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Chun-Hua Hang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Neurosurgical Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Neurosurgical Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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Wu M, Yuan H, Zou W, Xu S, Liu S, Gao Q, Guo Q, Han Y, An X. Circular RNAs: characteristics, functions, mechanisms, and potential applications in thyroid cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2024; 26:808-824. [PMID: 37864677 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03324-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is one of the most common endocrine malignancies, and its incidence has increased globally. Despite extensive research, the underlying molecular mechanisms of TC remain partially understood, warranting continued exploration of molecular markers for diagnostic and prognostic applications. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have recently garnered significant attention owing to their distinct roles in cancers. This review article introduced the classification and biological functions of circRNAs and summarized their potential as diagnostic and prognostic markers in TC. Further, the interplay of circRNAs with PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Wnt/β-catenin, MAPK/ERK, Notch, JAK/STAT, and AMPK pathways is elaborated upon. The article culminates with an examination of circRNA's role in drug resistance of TC and highlights the challenges in circRNA research in TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Yuan
- Department of Health Management, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Zou
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujian Xu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqun Guo
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Han
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xingguo An
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Stanzione R, Pietrangelo D, Cotugno M, Forte M, Rubattu S. Role of autophagy in ischemic stroke: insights from animal models and preliminary evidence in the human disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1360014. [PMID: 38590779 PMCID: PMC10999556 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1360014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke represents a main cause of death and permanent disability worldwide. The molecular mechanisms underlying cerebral injury in response to the ischemic insults are not completely understood. In this article, we summarize recent evidence regarding the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke by reviewing data obtained in murine models of either transient or permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion, and in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat. Few preliminary observational studies investigating the role of autophagy in subjects at high cerebrovascular risk and in cohorts of stroke patients were also reviewed. Autophagy plays a dual role in neuronal and vascular cells by exerting both protective and detrimental effects depending on its level, duration of stress and type of cells involved. Protective autophagy exerts adaptive mechanisms which reduce neuronal loss and promote survival. On the other hand, excessive activation of autophagy leads to neuronal cell death and increases brain injury. In conclusion, the evidence reviewed suggests that a proper manipulation of autophagy may represent an interesting strategy to either prevent or reduce brain ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Donatella Pietrangelo
- Clinical and Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Speranza Rubattu
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
- Clinical and Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Chen XL, Tan QD, Chen KJ, Zheng DN, Deng HW, He S, Mao FK, Hao JL, Le WD, Yang J. CircRNA and Stroke: New Insight of Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:557-567. [PMID: 38063946 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Stroke, the second-largest cause of death and the leading cause of disability globally, presents significant challenges in terms of prognosis and treatment. Identifying reliable prognosis biomarkers and treatment targets is crucial to address these challenges. Circular RNA (circRNA) has emerged as a promising research biomarkers and therapeutic targets because of its tissue specificity and conservation. However, the potential role of circRNA in stroke prognosis and treatment remains largely unexplored. This review briefly elucidate the mechanism underlying circRNA's involvement in stroke pathophysiology. Additionally, this review summarizes the impact of circRNA on different forms of strokes, including ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. And, this article discusses the positive effects of circRNA on promoting cerebrovascular repair and regeneration, maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and reducing neuronal injury and immune inflammatory response. In conclusion, the significance of circRNA as a potential prognostic biomarker and a viable therapeutic target was underscored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Quan-Dan Tan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610072, China9, China
| | - Ke-Jie Chen
- School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Dan-Ni Zheng
- Brain Health Initiative, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2025, Australia
| | - Hong-Wei Deng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610072, China9, China
| | - Song He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610072, China9, China
| | - Feng-Kai Mao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610072, China9, China
| | - Jun-Li Hao
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Wei-Dong Le
- Institute of Neurology, School of Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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9
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Liu S, Jia X, Liu B, Liu Y, Yin H. Suppression of cerebral ischemia injury induced blood brain barrier breakdown by dexmedetomidine via promoting CCN1. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:3750-3762. [PMID: 38364236 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood-brain barrier (BBB) could aggravate cerebral ischemia injury. Dexmedetomidine (Dex) has been believed to play a protective role in cerebral ischemia injury-induced BBB injury. METHODS Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) models were established to simulate cerebral ischemia injury. Animal experiments included 4 groups, Sham, MCAO, MCAO+Dex, MCAO+Dex+sh-CCN1. Generally applicable gene set enrichment analysis was performed to analyze gene expression difference. Total collagen content and Evans blue staining were performed to measure infarct ratio and BBB breakdown, respectively. The cell apoptosis, mRNA and protein expression were measured through flow cytometry, PCR, and western blotting, respectively. The levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 in serum were measured with commercial ELISA kits. RESULTS Dex greatly promoted the expression level of CCN1. Dex suppressed cerebral ischemia injury, increased tight junction protein expression, improved the memory ability and neurological function of MCAO rats through targeting CCN1. The significant increase of inflammatory factors in the serum of MCAO rats were suppressed by Dex. Dex suppressed OGD induced increase of HRP permeability and promoting tight junction protein expression in vitro through regulating CCN1. The neurological function evaluation was performed with Neurological Severity Score (NSS) and Longa Score Scale. CONCLUSIONS Dex could remarkably alleviate cerebral ischemia injury by inhibiting BBB breakdown, inflammatory response, and promoting neurological function and tight junction protein expression via up-regulating CCN1. This study might provide a novel therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of cerebral ischemia injury-induced BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangmei Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuepeng Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Medical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environmental and Metabolic Diseases, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Hong Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
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Zhou M, Li S, Huang C. Physiological and pathological functions of circular RNAs in the nervous system. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:342-349. [PMID: 37488888 PMCID: PMC10503630 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.379017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of covalently closed single-stranded RNAs that are expressed during the development of specific cells and tissues. CircRNAs play crucial roles in physiological and pathological processes by sponging microRNAs, modulating gene transcription, controlling the activity of certain RNA-binding proteins, and producing functional peptides. A key focus of research at present is the functionality of circRNAs in the nervous system and several advances have emerged over the last 2 years. However, the precise role of circRNAs in the nervous system has yet to be comprehensively reviewed. In this review, we first summarize the recently described roles of circRNAs in brain development, maturity, and aging. Then, we focus on the involvement of circRNAs in various diseases of the central nervous system, such as brain cancer, chronic neurodegenerative diseases, acute injuries of the nervous system, and neuropathic pain. A better understanding of the functionality of circRNAs will help us to develop potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategies to treat diseases of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shi Li
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuan Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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11
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Guo N, Zhou H, Zhang Q, Fu Y, Jia Q, Gan X, Wang Y, He S, Li C, Tao Z, Liu J, Jia E. Exploration and bioinformatic prediction for profile of mRNA bound to circular RNA BTBD7_hsa_circ_0000563 in coronary artery disease. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:71. [PMID: 38267845 PMCID: PMC10809658 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03711-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a novel circRNA, BTBD7_hsa_circ_0000563 has not been fully investigated in coronary artery disease (CAD). Our aim is to reveal the possible functional role and regulatory pathway of BTBD7_hsa_circ_0000563 in CAD via exploring genes combined with BTBD7_hsa_circ_0000563. METHODS A total of 45 peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples of CAD patients were enrolled. The ChIRP-RNAseq assay was performed to directly explore genes bound to BTBD7_hsa_circ_0000563. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were conducted to reveal possible functions of these genes. The interaction network was constructed by the STRING database and the Cytoscape software. The Cytoscape software were used again to identify clusters and hub genes of genes bound to BTBD7_hsa_circ_0000563. The target miRNAs of hub genes were predicted via online databases. RESULTS In this study, a total of 221 mRNAs directly bound to BTBD7_hsa_circ_0000563 were identified in PBMCs of CAD patients via ChIRP-RNAseq. The functional enrichment analysis revealed that these mRNAs may participate in translation and necroptosis. Moreover, the interaction network showed that there may be a close relationship between these mRNAs. Eight clusters can be further subdivided from the interaction network. RPS3 and RPSA were identified as hub genes and hsa-miR-493-5p was predicted to be the target miRNA of RPS3. CONCLUSIONS BTBD7_hsa_circ_0000563 and mRNAs directly bound to it may influence the initiation and progression of CAD, among which RPS3 and RPSA may be hub genes. These findings may provide innovative ideas for further research on CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Guo
- Suzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Suzhou, 215101, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hanxiao Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yahong Fu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiaowei Jia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiongkang Gan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanjun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shu He
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhengxian Tao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Jurong City People's Hospital, Ersheng Road 66, Jurong, 212400, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Enzhi Jia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China.
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12
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Jiang WR, Zhou YM, Wu W, Yang LJ, Wu Y, Zhang XY, Yao ZH. A circRNA ceRNA network involved in cognitive dysfunction after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:1161-1181. [PMID: 38231472 PMCID: PMC10866435 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion (CCH) is associated with cognitive dysfunction, the underlying mechanisms of which remain elusive, hindering the development of effective therapeutic approaches. In this study, we employed an established CCH animal model to delve into neuropathological alterations like oxidative stress, inflammation, neurotransmitter synthesis deficits, and other morphological alterations. Our findings revealed that while the number of neurons remained unchanged, there was a significant reduction in neuronal fibers post-CCH, as evidenced by microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) staining. Moreover, myelin basic protein (MBP) staining showed exacerbated demyelination of neuronal fibers. Furthermore, we observed increased neuroinflammation, proliferation, and activation of astrocytes and microglia, as well as synaptic loss and microglial-mediated synapse engulfment post-CCH. Utilizing RNA sequencing, differential expression analysis displayed alterations in both mRNAs and circRNAs. Following gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses, both showed significant enrichment in immunological and inflammation-related terms and pathways. Importantly, the differentially expressed circular RNAs (DE circRNAs) exhibited a notable coexpression pattern with DE mRNAs. The ternary circRNA-miRNA-mRNA competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) network was constructed, and subsequent analysis reiterated the significance of neuroimmunological and neuroinflammatory dysfunction in CCH-induced neuropathological changes and cognitive dysfunction. This study underscores the potential role of circRNAs in these processes, suggesting them as promising therapeutic targets to mitigate the detrimental effects of CCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Rong Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yong-Ming Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Jie Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - You Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Yao
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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13
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Xu G, Liu G, Wang Z, Li Y, Fang W. Circular RNAs: Promising Treatment Targets and Biomarkers of Ischemic Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:178. [PMID: 38203348 PMCID: PMC10779226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, there is a dearth of effective drugs and treatment methods for ischemic stroke. Significant numbers of circular RNAs (circRNAs) exhibit abnormal expression following ischemic stroke and are considered potential therapeutic targets. CircRNAs have emerged as promising biomarkers due to their stable expression in peripheral blood and their potential significance in ischemic stroke diagnosis and prognosis. This review provides a summary of 31 circRNAs involved in the pathophysiological processes of apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis following ischemic stroke. Furthermore, we discuss the mechanisms of action of said circRNAs and their potential clinical applications. Ultimately, circRNAs exhibit promise as both therapeutic targets and biomarkers for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yunman Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (G.X.); (G.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Weirong Fang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (G.X.); (G.L.); (Z.W.)
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14
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Qi J, Meng C, Mo J, Shou T, Ding L, Zhi T. CircAFF2 Promotes Neuronal Cell Injury in Intracerebral Hemorrhage by Regulating the miR-488/CLSTN3 Axis. Neuroscience 2023; 535:75-87. [PMID: 37884088 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), a subtype of devastating stroke, carries high morbidity and mortality worldwide. CircRNA AFF2 (circAFF2) was significantly increased in ICH patients, but the underlying mechanism of circAFF2 is unknown. METHODS Hemin was employed to treat neuronal cells to mimic ICH in vitro. Mice were injected with collagenase VII-S to establish in vivo ICH models. Genes and protein expressions were detected using qRT-PCR and Western blotting. The interaction among circAFF2, miR-488, and CLSTN3 was validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA-RIP. Cell viability, MDA, iron, GSH, and lipid ROS were examined using the MTT, the commercial kits, and flow cytometry, respectively. ICH injury in mice was evaluated using neurological deficit scores and brain water measurements. RESULTS CircAFF2 was significantly increased in ICH in vivo and in vitro models. CircAFF2 bound to miR-488 and knockdown of circAFF2 or overexpression of miR-488 inhibited hemin-induced injury of neuronal cells as indicated by increased cell viability and reduced markers of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. CLSTN3 was the downstream target of miR-488. Silencing of circAFF2 or miR-488 overexpression reduced CLSTN3 expression and protected against the injury of neuronal cells. In vivo experiments finally confirmed that circAFF2 knockdown attenuated mice ICH injury via the miR-488/CLSTN3 axis. CONCLUSION CircAFF2 promotes the injury of neuronal cells and exacerbates ICH via increasing CLSTN3 by sponging miR-488, suggesting that circAFF2 may be a potential therapeutic target for ICH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juxing Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yancheng First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Nanjing 224000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chengjie Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yancheng First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Nanjing 224000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianbing Mo
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Lezhi County, Ziyang 641500, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Taotao Shou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yancheng First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Nanjing 224000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liang Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yancheng First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Nanjing 224000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tongle Zhi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yancheng First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Nanjing 224000, Jiangsu Province, China.
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15
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Shi Z, Xu T, Hu C, Zan R, Zhang Y, Jia G, Jin L. A bibliometric analysis of research foci and trends in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury involving autophagy during 2008 to 2022. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35961. [PMID: 38013307 PMCID: PMC10681624 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a complex pathophysiological process that typically occurs during the treatment of ischemia, with limited therapeutic options. Autophagy plays a vital role during the reperfusion phase and is a potential therapeutic target for preventing and treating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive search of the Web of Science Core Collection for publications related to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury with autophagy, published between January 1, 2008, and January 1, 2023. We analyzed the selected publications using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and other bibliometric tools. RESULTS Our search yielded 877 relevant publications. The field of autophagy in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury has grown rapidly since 2016. China has been the leading contributor to publications, followed by the USA and Iran. Chen Zhong and Qin Zhenghong have been influential in this field but have yet to reach all groups. In addition, there has been a shortage of collaboration among authors from different institutions. Our literature and keyword analysis identified Neurovascular protection (#11 Neuroprotective, #13 Neurovascular units, etc) and Inflammation (NLRP3 inflammasome) as popular research directions. Furthermore, the terms "Blood-Brain Barrier," "Mitophagy," and "Endoplasmic reticulum stress" have been frequently used and may be hot research topics in the future. CONCLUSIONS The role of autophagy in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury remains unclear, and the specific mechanisms of drugs used to treat ischemia-reperfusion injury still need to be explored. This work outlines the changing trends in investigating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury involving autophagy and suggests future lines of inquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuolu Shi
- School of life science Zhejiang Chinese Medical University & The first affiliated hospital of ZheJiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Xu
- School of life science Zhejiang Chinese Medical University & The first affiliated hospital of ZheJiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Hu
- School of life science Zhejiang Chinese Medical University & The first affiliated hospital of ZheJiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zan
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaozhi Jia
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Jin
- School of life science Zhejiang Chinese Medical University & The first affiliated hospital of ZheJiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Intelligent Manufacturing and Equipment, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen, China
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16
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Hang Z, Zhou L, Xing C, Wen Y, Du H. The blood-brain barrier, a key bridge to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 91:102070. [PMID: 37704051 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
As a highly selective and semi-permeable barrier that separates the circulating blood from the brain and central nervous system (CNS), the blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a critical role in the onset and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). To delay or reverse the NDs progression, the dysfunction of BBB should be improved to protect the brain from harmful substances. Simultaneously, a highly efficient drug delivery across the BBB is indispensable. Here, we summarized several methods to improve BBB dysfunction in NDs, including knocking out risk geneAPOE4, regulating circadian rhythms, restoring the gut microenvironment, and activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Then we discussed the advances in BBB penetration techniques, such as transient BBB opening, carrier-mediated drug delivery, and nasal administration, which facilitates drug delivery across the BBB. Furthermore, various in vivo and in vitro BBB models and research methods related to NDs are reviewed. Based on the current research progress, the treatment of NDs in the long term should prioritize the integrity of the BBB. However, a treatment approach that combines precise control of transient BBB permeability and non-invasive targeted BBB drug delivery holds profound significance in improving treatment effectiveness, safety, and clinical feasibility during drug therapy. This review involves the cross application of biology, materials science, imaging, engineering and other disciplines in the field of BBB, aiming to provide multi-dimensional research directions and clinical ideas for the treating NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongci Hang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liping Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Cencan Xing
- Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yongqiang Wen
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Hongwu Du
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
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Qu Y, Liu Y, Zhang H. ALDH2 activation attenuates oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced cell apoptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis and autophagy. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:3203-3216. [PMID: 37103763 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03190-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE It is previously reported that aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family member (ALDH2) shows neuroprotective effects in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, whether the protective effects are through mediating the programmed cell death is yet to be fully elucidated. METHODS In vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model was established in HT22 cells and mouse cortical neurons. Subsequently, ALDH2 expression were assessed by qRT-PCR and western blot. The methylation status was examined by methylation-specific PCR (MS-PCR). Then, ALDH2 expression was promoted and suppressed to explore the role of ALDH2 in OGD/R-treated cells. CCK-8 assay was applied to detect cell viability, and flow cytometry was applied to evaluate cell apoptosis. Western blot was applied to detect the apoptosis-related proteins (Caspase 3, Bcl-2 and Bax), necroptosis-related proteins (RIP3 and MLKL), pyroptosis-related proteins (NLRP3 and GSDMD), ferroptosis-related protein (ACSL4 and GPX4), and autophagy-related proteins (LC3B, and p62). IL-1β and IL-18 production was evaluated by ELISA assay. Reactive oxygen species production and Fe2+ content were evaluated by the corresponding detection kit. RESULTS In OGD/R-treated cells, ALDH2 expression was decreased, which was due to the hypermethylation of ALDH2 in the promoter region. ALDH2 overexpression improved cell viability and ALDH2 knockdown suppressed cell viability in OGD/R-treated cells. We also found that ALDH2 overexpression attenuated OGD/R-induced cell apoptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis and autophagy, while ALDH2 knockdown facilitated the OGD/R-induced cell apoptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis and autophagy. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results implied that ALDH2 attenuated OGD/R-induced cell apoptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis and autophagy to promote cell viability in HT22 cells and mouse cortical neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Qu
- Department of Emergency, Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Emergency, Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Huilong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, No. 20 Yudong Road, Zhifu District, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China.
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Orellana-Urzúa S, Briones-Valdivieso C, Chichiarelli S, Saso L, Rodrigo R. Potential Role of Natural Antioxidants in Countering Reperfusion Injury in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Ischemic Stroke. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1760. [PMID: 37760064 PMCID: PMC10525378 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke and acute myocardial infarction are leading causes of mortality worldwide. The latter accounts for approximately 9 million deaths annually. In turn, ischemic stroke is a significant contributor to adult physical disability globally. While reperfusion is crucial for tissue recovery, it can paradoxically exacerbate damage through oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, and cell death. Therefore, it is imperative to explore diverse approaches aimed at minimizing ischemia/reperfusion injury to enhance clinical outcomes. OS primarily arises from an excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or decreased endogenous antioxidant potential. Natural antioxidant compounds can counteract the injury mechanisms linked to ROS. While promising preclinical results, based on monotherapies, account for protective effects against tissue injury by ROS, translating these models into human applications has yielded controversial evidence. However, since the wide spectrum of antioxidants having diverse chemical characteristics offers varied biological actions on cell signaling pathways, multitherapy has emerged as a valuable therapeutic resource. Moreover, the combination of antioxidants in multitherapy holds significant potential for synergistic effects. This study was designed with the aim of providing an updated overview of natural antioxidants suitable for preventing myocardial and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Orellana-Urzúa
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile;
| | | | - Silvia Chichiarelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi-Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Ramón Rodrigo
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile;
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Shao JL, Wang LJ, Xiao J, Yang JF. Non-coding RNAs: The potential biomarker or therapeutic target in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:4927-4941. [PMID: 37731999 PMCID: PMC10507504 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i33.4927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) is the major complication of liver surgery and liver transplantation, that may increase the postoperative morbidity, mortality, tumor progression, and metastasis. The underlying mechanisms have been extensively investigated in recent years. Among these, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, immunoreactions, and cell death are the most studied. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are defined as the RNAs that do not encode proteins, but can regulate gene expressions. In recent years, ncRNAs have emerged as research hotspots for various diseases. During the progression of HIRI, ncRNAs are differentially expressed, while these dysregulations of ncRNAs, in turn, have been verified to be related to the above pathological processes involved in HIRI. ncRNAs mainly contain microRNAs, long ncRNAs, and circular RNAs, some of which have been reported as biomarkers for early diagnosis or assessment of liver damage severity, and as therapeutic targets to attenuate HIRI. Here, we briefly summarize the common pathophysiology of HIRI, describe the current knowledge of ncRNAs involved in HIRI in animal and human studies, and discuss the potential of ncRNA-targeted therapeutic strategies. Given the scarcity of clinical trials, there is still a long way to go from pre-clinical to clinical application, and further studies are needed to uncover their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Li Shao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Li-Juan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ji Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jin-Feng Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
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20
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Abdollahi E, Mozdarani H, Alizadeh BZ. Role of circ-FOXO3 and miR-23a in radiosensitivity of breast cancer. Breast Cancer 2023; 30:714-726. [PMID: 37222952 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-023-01463-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the radiosensitivity of cells before radiotherapy (RT) in breast cancer (BC) patients allows appropriate switching between routinely used treatment regimens and reduces adverse side effects in exposed patients. In this study, blood was collected from 60 women diagnosed with Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) BC and 20 healthy women. To predict cellular radiosensitivity, a standard G2-chromosomal assay was performed. From these 60 samples, 20 BC patients were found to be radiosensitive based on the G2 assay. Therefore, molecular studies were finally performed on two equal groups (20 samples each) of patients with and without cellular radiosensitivity. QPCR was performed to examine the expression levels of circ-FOXO3 and miR-23a in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and RNA sensitivity and specificity were determined by plotting Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify RNA involvement in BC and cellular radiosensitivity (CR) in BC patients. Meanwhile, qPCR was used to compare differential RNA expression in the radiosensitive MCF-7 and radioresistant MDA-MB-231 cell lines. An annexin -V FITC/PI binding assay was used to measure cell apoptosis 24 and 48 h after 2 Gy, 4 Gy, and 8 Gy gamma-irradiation. Results indicated that circ-FOXO3 was downregulated and miR-23a was upregulated in BC patients. RNA expression levels were directly associated with CR. Cell line results showed that circ-FOXO3 overexpression induced apoptosis in the MCF-7 cell line and miR-23a overexpression inhibited apoptosis in the MDA-MB-231 cell line. Evaluation of the ROC curves revealed that both RNAs had acceptable specificity and sensitivity in predicting CR in BC patients. Binary logistic regression showed that both RNAs were also successful in predicting breast cancer. Although only circ-FOXO3 has been shown to predict CR in BC patients, circ-FOXO3 may function as a tumor suppressor and miR-23a may function as oncomiR in BC. Circ-FOXO3 and miR-23a may be promising potential biomarkers for BC prediction. Furthermore, Circ-FOXO3 could be a potential biomarker for predicting CR in BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Abdollahi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Mozdarani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Behrooz Z Alizadeh
- Unit of Personalized Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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21
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Zhou F, Li F, Hou Y, Yang B. HSPB8-Mediated Actin Filament Reorganization by Promoting Autophagic Flux Confers Resilience to Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) Injury in an In Vitro Model of Ischemic Stroke. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:2868-2875. [PMID: 37522952 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, uncontrolled actin polymerization has been recognized as an initiator of early-onset blood-brain barrier (BBB) rupture. Here, using in vitro models, we found that after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R), endothelial overexpression of HSPB8 suppressed aberrant actin polymerization and thus preserved the integrity of BBB. We further investigated the mechanisms of HSPB8 in the control of actin assembly. HSPB8 suppressed the RhoA/ROCK2/p-MLC signaling pathway in bEnd.3 cells and the RhoA activator abrogated the inhibitory action of HSPB8 on actin reorganization after OGD/R. In addition, endothelial autophagic flux was impaired after OGD/R. This effect was attenuated by HSPB8 overexpression. Autophagy inhibition partially reversed the effect of HSPB8 on the RhoA/ROCK2/p-MLC pathway. Taken together, the present study revealed that the restoration of autophagic flux by overexpressing HSPB8, via the inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK2/p-MLC signaling pathway, reverses the aggregation of endothelial cytoskeleton actin, eventually alleviating OGD/R-induced BBB injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Ying Hou
- Department of Neurology, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Binbin Yang
- Department of Neurology, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
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22
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Tang H, Wen J, Qin T, Chen Y, Huang J, Yang Q, Jiang P, Wang L, Zhao Y, Yang Q. New insights into Sirt1: potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1228761. [PMID: 37622049 PMCID: PMC10445043 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1228761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the main causes of mortality and disability worldwide. However, the majority of patients are currently unable to benefit from intravenous thrombolysis or intravascular mechanical thrombectomy due to the limited treatment windows and serious complications. Silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Sirt1), a nicotine adenine dinucleotide-dependent enzyme, has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke due to its ability to maintain brain homeostasis and possess neuroprotective properties in a variety of pathological conditions for the central nervous system. Animal and clinical studies have shown that activation of Sirt1 can lessen neurological deficits and reduce the infarcted volume, offering promise for the treatment of ischemic stroke. In this review, we summarized the direct evidence and related mechanisms of Sirt1 providing neuroprotection against cerebral ischemic stroke. Firstly, we introduced the protein structure, catalytic mechanism and specific location of Sirt1 in the central nervous system. Secondly, we list the activators and inhibitors of Sirt1, which are primarily divided into three categories: natural, synthetic and physiological. Finally, we reviewed the neuroprotective effects of Sirt1 in ischemic stroke and discussed the specific mechanisms, including reducing neurological deficits by inhibiting various programmed cell death such as pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis in the acute phase, as well as enhancing neurological repair by promoting angiogenesis and neurogenesis in the later stage. Our review aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the critical role of Sirt1 in cerebral ischemic stroke and to offer novel therapeutic strategies for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Wen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Qin
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiagui Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinghuan Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peiran Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Lei B, Wu H, You G, Wan X, Chen S, Chen L, Wu J, Zheng N. Silencing of ALOX15 reduces ferroptosis and inflammation induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion by regulating PHD2/HIF2α signaling pathway. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-20. [PMID: 37154013 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2210449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential mechanism of arachidonic acid deoxyribozyme 15 (ALOX15) in ferroptosis and inflammation induced by cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury. METHODS The mice and cell models of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury were constructed. Western Blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of ALOX15, glutathione peroxidase (GPX4), hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α), prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) and inflammatory factors (NLRP3, IL-1β, IL-18) in brain tissues and cells. Cell proliferation activity was detected by CCK-8 method. LDH assay was used to detect the release of lactate dehydrogenase. TTC staining was used to observe cerebral infarction. RESULTS In cerebral ischemia-reperfusion mice and cell models, the expression of ALOX15 protein was increased, the expression of GPX4, a key marker of ferroptosis was decreased, and silencing of ALOX15 down-regulated the GPX4 expression. HIF-2α expression was down-regulated in animal and cell models of cerebral ischemia reperfusion, and silencing of ALOX15 increased the HIF-2α expression by inhibiting PHD2 expression. Inhibition of ALOX15 expression reduced inflammatory factors levels (NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-18) in cerebral ischemia. Inhibitor of PHD2 (IXOC-4) alleviating brain injury and cell death induced by cerebral ischemia reperfusion and stabilize HIF-2α expression in vivo. CONCLUSION The expression of ALOX15 was up-regulated in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion animals and cells model. Inhibition of ALOX15 up-regulated the GPX4 expression, and promoted HIF-2α expression by inhibiting PHD2, thus alleviating ferroptosis and inflammation caused by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lei
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan City, Sichuan provincial, China
| | - Honggang Wu
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan City, Sichuan provincial, China
| | - Guoliang You
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan City, Sichuan provincial, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Wan
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan City, Sichuan provincial, China
| | - Shu Chen
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan City, Sichuan provincial, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan City, Sichuan provincial, China
| | - Jiachuan Wu
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan City, Sichuan provincial, China
| | - Niandong Zheng
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan City, Sichuan provincial, China
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24
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Jiang W, Long X, Li Z, Hu M, Zhang Y, Lin H, Tang W, Ouyang Y, Jiang L, Chen J, He P, Ouyang X. The Role of Circular RNAs in Ischemic Stroke. Neurochem Res 2023:10.1007/s11064-023-03935-7. [PMID: 37126193 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03935-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS), a devastating condition characterized by intracranial artery stenosis and middle cerebral artery occlusion leading to insufficient oxygen supply to the brain, is a major cause of death and physical disability worldwide. Recent research has demonstrated the critical role of circular RNAs (circRNAs), a class of covalently enclosed noncoding RNAs that are widespread in eukaryotic cells, in regulating various physiological and pathophysiological cellular processes, including cell apoptosis, autophagy, synaptic plasticity, and neuroinflammation. In the past few years, circRNAs have attracted extensive attention in the field of IS research. This review summarizes the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying the involvement of circRNAs in IS development. A better understanding of circRNA-mediated pathogenic mechanisms in IS may pave the way for translating circRNA research into clinical practice, ultimately improving the clinical outcomes of IS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Jiang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiongquan Long
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhicheng Li
- Collage of Pharmacy, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Mi Hu
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yangkai Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Huiling Lin
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Wanying Tang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yuxin Ouyang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinzhi Chen
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Pingping He
- The Research Center of Reproduction and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Department of Physiology, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xinping Ouyang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.
- The Research Center of Reproduction and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Department of Physiology, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan Province, China.
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25
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Ren ZL, Kang XD, Zheng YX, Shi HF, Chen CA, Shi YY, Wang QG, Cheng FF, Wang XQ, Li CX. Emerging effects of non-coding RNA in vascular endothelial cells during strokes. Vascul Pharmacol 2023; 150:107169. [PMID: 37059212 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2023.107169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Vascular and neurological damage are the typical outcomes of ischemic strokes. Vascular endothelial cells (VECs), a substantial component of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), are necessary for normal cerebrovascular physiology. During an ischemic stroke (IS), changes in the brain endothelium can lead to a BBB rupture, inflammation, and vasogenic brain edema, and VECs are essential for neurotrophic effects and angiogenesis. Non-coding RNAs (nc-RNAs) are endogenous molecules, and brain ischemia quickly changes the expression patterns of several non-coding RNA types, such as microRNA (miRNA/miR), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA). Furthermore, vascular endothelium-associated nc-RNAs are important mediators in the maintenance of healthy cerebrovascular function. In order to better understand how VECs are regulated epigenetically during an IS, in this review, we attempted to assemble the molecular functions of nc-RNAs that are linked with VECs during an IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Lin Ren
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Kang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yu-Xiao Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Han-Fen Shi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Cong-Ai Chen
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yu-Yu Shi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qing-Guo Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fa-Feng Cheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xue-Qian Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Chang-Xiang Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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26
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Guo X, Liu R, Jia M, Wang Q, Wu J. Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Induced Blood Brain Barrier Dysfunction and the Involved Molecular Mechanism. Neurochem Res 2023:10.1007/s11064-023-03923-x. [PMID: 37017889 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03923-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is characterized by the abrupt failure of blood flow to a specific brain region, resulting in insufficient supply of oxygen and glucose to the ischemic tissues. Timely reperfusion of blood flow can rescue dying tissue but can also lead to secondary damage to both the infarcted tissues and the blood-brain barrier, known as ischemia/reperfusion injury. Both primary and secondary damage result in biphasic opening of the blood-brain barrier, leading to blood-brain barrier dysfunction and vasogenic edema. Importantly, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, inflammation, and microglial activation are critical factors that worsen stroke outcomes. Activated microglia secrete numerous cytokines, chemokines, and inflammatory factors during neuroinflammation, contributing to the second opening of the blood-brain barrier and worsening the outcome of ischemic stroke. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and other microglia-derived molecules have been shown to be involved in the breakdown of blood-brain barrier. Additionally, other non-microglia-derived molecules such as RNA, HSPs, and transporter proteins also participate in the blood-brain barrier breakdown process after ischemic stroke, either in the primary damage stage directly influencing tight junction proteins and endothelial cells, or in the secondary damage stage participating in the following neuroinflammation. This review summarizes the cellular and molecular components of the blood-brain barrier and concludes the association of microglia-derived and non-microglia-derived molecules with blood-brain barrier dysfunction and its underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 10070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 10070, China
| | - Ru Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 10070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 10070, China
| | - Meng Jia
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 10070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 10070, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 10070, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 10070, China.
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 10070, China.
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27
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Xiaoqing S, Yinghua C, Xingxing Y. The autophagy in ischemic stroke: A regulatory role of non-coding-RNAs. Cell Signal 2023; 104:110586. [PMID: 36608737 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a central nervous system neurological disorder ascribed to an acute focal trauma, with high mortality and disability, leading to a heavy burden on family and society. Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which damaged organelles and useless proteins are recycled to maintain cellular homeostasis, and plays a pivotal role in the process of IS. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), mainly contains microRNA, long non-coding RNA and circular RNA, have been extensively investigated on regulation of autophagy in human diseases. Recent studies have implied that ncRNAs-regulating autophagy participates in pathophysiological process of IS, including cell apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, blood-brain barrier damage and glial activation, which indicates that regulating autophagy by ncRNAs may be beneficial for IS treatment. This review summarizes the role of autophagy in IS, as well as focuses on the role of ncRNAs-mediated autophagy in IS, for the development of potential therapeutic strategies in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Xiaoqing
- The Fifth Department of Acupuncture, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, PR China
| | - Chen Yinghua
- The Fifth Department of Acupuncture, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, PR China.
| | - Yuan Xingxing
- Heilongjiang University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, PR China; Department of internal medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, PR China.
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28
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Lu H, Wang Y, Fan H, Wang Y, Fan S, Hu S, Shen H, Li H, Xue Q, Ni J, Fang Q, Chen G. GluA1 Degradation by Autophagy Contributes to Circadian Rhythm Effects on Cerebral Ischemia Injury. J Neurosci 2023; 43:2381-2397. [PMID: 36813576 PMCID: PMC10072305 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1914-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of many diseases, including central nervous system disorders, are regulated by circadian rhythms. The development of brain disorders such as depression, autism, and stroke is strongly associated with circadian cycles. Previous studies have shown that cerebral infarct volume is smaller at night (active phase) than during the day (inactive phase) in ischemic stroke rodent models. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Increasing evidence suggests that glutamate systems and autophagy play important roles in the pathogenesis of stroke. Here, we report that GluA1 expression was decreased and autophagic activity was increased in active-phase male mouse models of stroke compared with the inactive-phase models. In the active-phase model, induction of autophagy decreased the infarct volume, whereas inhibition of autophagy increased the infarct volume. Meanwhile, GluA1 expression was decreased following activation of autophagy and increased following inhibition of autophagy. We used Tat-GluA1 to uncouple p62, an autophagic adapter, from GluA1 and found that this blocked the degradation of GluA1, an effect similar to that of inhibition of autophagy in the active-phase model. We also demonstrated that knock-out of the circadian rhythm gene Per1 abolished the circadian rhythmicity of the volume of infarction and also abolished GluA1 expression and autophagic activity in wild-type (WT) mice. Our results suggest an underlying mechanism by which the circadian rhythm participates in the autophagy-dependent regulation of GluA1 expression, which influences the volume of infarction in stroke.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Circadian rhythms affect the pathophysiological mechanisms of disease. Previous studies suggested that circadian rhythms affect the infarct volume in stroke, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the smaller infarct volume after middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) during the active phase is related to lower GluA1 expression and activation of autophagy. The decrease in GluA1 expression during the active phase is mediated by the p62-GluA1 interaction, followed by direct autophagic degradation. In short, GluA1 is the substrate of autophagic degradation, which mainly occurs after MCAO/R during the active phase but not the inactive phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Lu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215006, China
- Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215006, China
| | - Yugang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215006, China
- Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215006, China
| | - Hua Fan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan Province 471000, China
| | - Yiqing Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215006, China
- Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215006, China
| | - Shenghao Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215006, China
- Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215006, China
| | - Shimin Hu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215006, China
- Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215006, China
| | - Haiying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215006, China
- Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215006, China
| | - Qun Xue
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215006, China
- Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215006, China
| | - Jianqiang Ni
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215006, China
- Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215006, China
| | - Qi Fang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215006, China
- Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215006, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215006, China
- Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215006, China
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29
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Sha L, Li Y, Zhang Y, Tang Y, Li B, Chen Y, Chen L. Heart-brain axis: Association of congenital heart abnormality and brain diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1071820. [PMID: 37063948 PMCID: PMC10090520 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1071820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain diseases are a major burden on human health worldwide, and little is known about how most brain diseases develop. It is believed that cardiovascular diseases can affect the function of the brain, and many brain diseases are associated with heart dysfunction, which is called the heart-brain axis. Congenital heart abnormalities with anomalous hemodynamics are common treatable cardiovascular diseases. With the development of cardiovascular surgeries and interventions, the long-term survival of patients with congenital heart abnormalities continues to improve. However, physicians have reported that patients with congenital heart abnormalities have an increased risk of brain diseases in adulthood. To understand the complex association between congenital heart abnormalities and brain diseases, the paper reviews relevant clinical literature. Studies have shown that congenital heart abnormalities are associated with most brain diseases, including stroke, migraine, dementia, infection of the central nervous system, epilepsy, white matter lesions, and affective disorders. However, whether surgeries or other interventions could benefit patients with congenital heart abnormalities and brain diseases remains unclear because of limited evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leihao Sha
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yajiao Li
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunwu Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yusha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Baichuan Li
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yucheng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Correspondence: Lei Chen
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Wang X, Wang J, An Z, Yang A, Qiu M, Tan Z. CircXPO1 Promotes Glioblastoma Malignancy by Sponging miR-7-5p. Cells 2023; 12:831. [PMID: 36980172 PMCID: PMC10047377 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that circular RNAs play important roles in the development and progression of cancers. However, their function in glioblastomas (GBM) is still unclear. By circRNA array analysis, we found that circXPO1 (hsa_circ_102737) was significantly upregulated in GBM, and qPCR analysis verified that the circXPO1 expression level was increased in both GBM tissues and cell lines. Functional studies demonstrated that the knockdown of circXPO1 in GBM cell lines repressed cell proliferation and migration; conversely, the overexpression of circXPO1 promoted the malignancy of GBM cells. In line with these findings, circXPO1 inhibition effectively suppressed gliomagenesis in the in situ transplantation model of nude mice. Through bioinformatic analyses and dual-luciferase reporter assays, we showed that circXPO1 directly bound to miR-7-5p, which acted as a tumor suppressor through the negative regulation of RAF1. In conclusion, our studies suggest that the circXPO1/miR-7-5p/RAF1 axis promotes brain tumor formation and may be a potential therapeutic target for GBM treatment.
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Zhang C, Yi X, Hou M, Li Q, Li X, Lu L, Qi E, Wu M, Qi L, Jian H, Qi Z, Lv Y, Kong X, Bi M, Feng S, Zhou H. The landscape of m 1A modification and its posttranscriptional regulatory functions in primary neurons. eLife 2023; 12:85324. [PMID: 36880874 PMCID: PMC9991057 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischaemia‒reperfusion injury (IRI), during which neurons undergo oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R), is a notable pathological process in many neurological diseases. N1-methyladenosine (m1A) is an RNA modification that can affect gene expression and RNA stability. The m1A landscape and potential functions of m1A modification in neurons remain poorly understood. We explored RNA (mRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA) m1A modification in normal and OGD/R-treated mouse neurons and the effect of m1A on diverse RNAs. We investigated the m1A landscape in primary neurons, identified m1A-modified RNAs, and found that OGD/R increased the number of m1A RNAs. m1A modification might also affect the regulatory mechanisms of noncoding RNAs, e.g., lncRNA-RNA binding proteins (RBPs) interactions and circRNA translation. We showed that m1A modification mediates the circRNA/lncRNA‒miRNA-mRNA competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism and that 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) modification of mRNAs can hinder miRNA-mRNA binding. Three modification patterns were identified, and genes with different patterns had intrinsic mechanisms with potential m1A-regulatory specificity. Systematic analysis of the m1A landscape in normal and OGD/R neurons lays a critical foundation for understanding RNA modification and provides new perspectives and a theoretical basis for treating and developing drugs for OGD/R pathology-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Xianfu Yi
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Mengfan Hou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal CordTianjinChina
| | - Qingyang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Xueying Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal CordTianjinChina
| | - Enlin Qi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Mingxin Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal CordTianjinChina
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Orthopedics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Huan Jian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal CordTianjinChina
| | - Zhangyang Qi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Yigang Lv
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal CordTianjinChina
| | - Xiaohong Kong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Mingjun Bi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal CordTianjinChina
| | - Hengxing Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal CordTianjinChina
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Targeting Non-Coding RNA for CNS Injuries: Regulation of Blood-Brain Barrier Functions. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:1997-2016. [PMID: 36786944 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03892-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) injuries are the most common cause of death and disability around the world. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is located at the interface between the CNS and the surrounding environment, which protects the CNS from exogenous molecules, harmful agents or microorganisms in the blood. The disruption of BBB is a common feature of CNS injuries and participates in the pathological processes of secondary brain damage. Recently, a growing number of studies have indicated that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play an important role in brain development and are involved in CNS injuries. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of BBB breakdown after CNS injuries. We also discuss the effects of ncRNAs including long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) on BBB damage in CNS injuries such as ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). In addition, we clarify the pharmacotherapies that could regulate BBB function via ncRNAs in CNS injuries, as well as the challenges and perspectives of ncRNAs on modulation of BBB function. Hence, on the basis of these effects, ncRNAs may be developed as therapeutic agents to protect the BBB for CNS injury patients.
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Liu D, Xiao H, Liu J, Zhang Y, Li J, Zhang T, Chen H. Circ_0000566 contributes oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced human brain microvascular endothelial cell injury via regulating miR-18a-5p/ACVR2B axis. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:1273-1284. [PMID: 36781583 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01166-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) exert regulatory roles in cerebrovascular disease. Human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) participated in brain vascular dysfunction in ischemic stroke. Herein, the functions of circ_0000566 in oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced HBMECs were investigated. The expression of circ_0000566, miR-18a-5p, and Activin receptor type 2B (ACVR2B) was measured via quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry assays were utilized to detect cell viability and cell apoptosis. Western blot assay was employed to measure the levels of apoptotic-related proteins and ACVR2B. The secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α was detected via corresponding kits. The relationship between miR-18a-5p and circ_0000566 or ACVR2B was examined via dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. Circ_0000566 and ACVR2B were highly expressed, while miR-18a-5p was down-regulated in OGD/R-treated HBMECs. OGD/R treatment promoted HBMECs apoptosis and inflammation and suppressed cell viability, which could be attenuated by silencing of circ_0000566. Circ_0000566 acted as a miR-18a-5p sponge to contribute to OGD/R-induced HBMECs injury. ACVR2B served as a direct target of miR-18a-5p, and ACVR2B overexpression might abolish the inhibitory role of miR-18a-5p on OGD/R-treated HBMEC injury. Circ_0000566 sponged miR-18a-5p to regulate OGD/R-induced HBMECs injury via regulating ACVR2B expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Department of Acupuncture IV, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 26, Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin City, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Haitao Xiao
- Department of Chinese Internal Medicine, Suihua Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 90, Renhe Street, Beilin District, Suihua, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jinxing Liu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24, Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24, Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jialiang Li
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24, Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Tingyu Zhang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24, Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Honglin Chen
- Department of Acupuncture IV, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 26, Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin City, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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FTO-dependent m 6A modification of Plpp3 in circSCMH1-regulated vascular repair and functional recovery following stroke. Nat Commun 2023; 14:489. [PMID: 36717587 PMCID: PMC9886939 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36008-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular repair is considered a key restorative measure to improve long-term outcomes after ischemic stroke. N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most prevalent internal modification in eukaryotic mRNAs, functionally mediates vascular repair. However, whether circular RNA SCMH1 (circSCMH1) promotes vascular repair by m6A methylation after stroke remains to be elucidated. Here, we identify the role of circSCMH1 in promoting vascular repair in peri-infarct cortex of male mice and male monkeys after photothrombotic (PT) stroke, and attenuating the ischemia-induced m6A methylation in peri-infarct cortex of male mice after PT stroke. Mechanically, circSCMH1 increased the translocation of ubiquitination-modified fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) into nucleus of endothelial cells (ECs), leading to m6A demethylation of phospholipid phosphatase 3 (Plpp3) mRNA and subsequently the increase of Plpp3 expression in ECs. Our data demonstrate that circSCMH1 enhances vascular repair via FTO-regulated m6A methylation after stroke, providing insights into the mechanism of circSCMH1 in promoting stroke recovery.
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Wang E, Wang H, Chakrabarti S. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition: An underappreciated mediator of diabetic complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1050540. [PMID: 36777351 PMCID: PMC9911675 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1050540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and its complications represent a great burden on the global healthcare system. Diabetic complications are fundamentally diseases of the vasculature, with endothelial cells being the centerpiece of early hyperglycemia-induced changes. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition is a tightly regulated process that results in endothelial cells losing endothelial characteristics and developing mesenchymal traits. Although endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition has been found to occur within most of the major complications of diabetes, it has not been a major focus of study or a common target in the treatment or prevention of diabetic complications. In this review we summarize the importance of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in each major diabetic complication, examine specific mechanisms at play, and highlight potential mechanisms to prevent endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in each of the major chronic complications of diabetes.
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Qiu Y, Mo C, Xu S, Chen L, Ye W, Kang Y, Chen G, Zhu T. Research progress on perioperative blood-brain barrier damage and its potential mechanism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1174043. [PMID: 37101615 PMCID: PMC10124715 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1174043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an important barrier separating the central nervous system from the periphery. The composition includes endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, synapses and tight junction proteins. During the perioperative period, anesthesia and surgical operations are also a kind of stress to the body, which may be accompanied by blood-brain barrier damage and brain metabolism dysfunction. Perioperative blood-brain barrier destruction is closely associated with cognitive impairment and may increase the risk of postoperative mortality, which is not conducive to enhanced recovery after surgery. However, the potential pathophysiological process and specific mechanism of blood-brain barrier damage during the perioperative period have not been fully elucidated. Changes in blood-brain barrier permeability, inflammation and neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, ferroptosis, and intestinal dysbiosis may be involved in blood-brain barrier damage. We aim to review the research progress of perioperative blood-brain barrier damage and its potential adverse effects and potential molecular mechanisms, and provide ideas for the study of homeostasis maintenance of brain function and precision anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and The Research Units of West China (2018RU012), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunheng Mo
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and The Research Units of West China (2018RU012), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanlin Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and The Research Units of West China (2018RU012), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and The Research Units of West China (2018RU012), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guo Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and The Research Units of West China (2018RU012), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Guo Chen, ; Tao Zhu,
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and The Research Units of West China (2018RU012), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Guo Chen, ; Tao Zhu,
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Chen R, Morris BJ, Donlon TA, Ross GW, Kallianpur KJ, Allsopp RC, Nakagawa K, Willcox BJ, Masaki KH. Incidence of Alzheimer's Disease in Men with Late-Life Hypertension Is Ameliorated by FOXO3 Longevity Genotype. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:79-91. [PMID: 37483002 PMCID: PMC10578238 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well established that mid-life hypertension increases risk of dementia, whereas the association of late-life hypertension with dementia is unclear. OBJECTIVE To determine whether FOXO3 longevity-associated genotype influences the association between late-life hypertension and incident dementia. METHODS Subjects were 2,688 American men of Japanese ancestry (baseline age: 77.0±4.1 years, range 71-93 years) from the Kuakini Honolulu Heart Program. Status was known for FOXO3 rs2802292 genotype, hypertension, and diagnosis of incident dementia to 2012. Association of FOXO3 genotype with late-life hypertension and incident dementia, vascular dementia (VaD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS During 21 years of follow-up, 725 men were diagnosed with all-cause dementia, 513 with AD, and 104 with VaD. A multivariable Cox model, adjusting for age, education, APOEɛ4, and cardiovascular risk factors, showed late-life hypertension increased VaD risk only (HR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.08-2.71, p = 0.022). We found no significant protective effect of FOXO3 longevity genotype on any type of dementia at the population level. However, in a full Cox model adjusting for age, education, APOEɛ4, and other cardiovascular risk factors, there was a significant interaction effect of late-life hypertension and FOXO3 longevity genotype on incident AD (β= -0.52, p = 0.0061). In men with FOXO3 rs2802292 longevity genotype (TG/GG), late-life hypertension showed protection against AD (HR = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.55-0.95, p = 0.021). The non-longevity genotype (TT) (HR = 1.16; 95% CI = 0.90-1.51, p = 0.25) had no protective effect. CONCLUSION This longitudinal study found late-life hypertension was associated with lower incident AD in subjects with FOXO3 genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randi Chen
- NIH Center of Biomedical Reseach Excellence on Aging, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Brian J. Morris
- NIH Center of Biomedical Reseach Excellence on Aging, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Timothy A. Donlon
- NIH Center of Biomedical Reseach Excellence on Aging, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - G. Webster Ross
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care Systems, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Pacific Health Research and Education Institute, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Kalpana J. Kallianpur
- NIH Center of Biomedical Reseach Excellence on Aging, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Richard C. Allsopp
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Kazuma Nakagawa
- NIH Center of Biomedical Reseach Excellence on Aging, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, The Queen’s Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Bradley J. Willcox
- NIH Center of Biomedical Reseach Excellence on Aging, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Kamal H. Masaki
- NIH Center of Biomedical Reseach Excellence on Aging, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Liu C, Gu J, Yu Y. Celastrol assuages oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation-induced damage in human brain microvascular endothelial cells through the circDLGAP4/miR-6085/GDF11 pathway. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:255-267. [PMID: 36445630 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01106-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The effect of Celastrol on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion remains unknown. The study aims to explore the role of circular RNA DLGAP4 (circDLGAP4) in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and the underlying mechanism. Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) was induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R). Reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blotting analysis were performed to detect the expression of circDLGAP4, microRNA-6085 (miR-6085), growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2) and BCL2-associated x protein (BAX). Cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis were analyzed by cell counting kit-8, 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine and flow cytometry analysis. Oxidative stress was analyzed by evaluating the levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and the activity of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD). The associations among circDLGAP4, miR-6085 and GDF11 were identified by dual-luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA pull-down assays. Celastrol reduced OGD/R-induced inhibition of circDLGAP4 expression in HBMECs. Celastrol treatment protected HBMECs from OGD/R-induced cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis and oxidative stress promotion; however, circDLGAP4 depletion attenuated these effects. CircDLGAP4 acted as a sponge for miR-6085, and miR-6085 mimics restored circDLGAP4-mediated effects in OGD/R-stimulated HBMECs. In addition, GDF11 was identified as a targte of miR-6085, and participated in the regulation of miR-6085 to OGD/R-induced HBMEC damage. Further, circDLGAP4 absence inhibited GDF11 expression by interacting with miR-6085 under Celastrol treatment. Celastrol ameliorated OGD/R-induced HBMEC apoptosis and oxidative stress by circDLGAP4/miR-6085/GDF11 pathway, supporting the use of Celastrol as a therapeutic agent for cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.39 Xing Fu road in Zhifu District, Yantai, 264013, China
| | - Jiahui Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, China
| | - Yingli Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.39 Xing Fu road in Zhifu District, Yantai, 264013, China.
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Jin M, Zhang S, Wang M, Li Q, Ren J, Luo Y, Sun X. Exosomes in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy of ischemic stroke. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:980548. [PMID: 36588958 PMCID: PMC9800834 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.980548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the major contributors to death and disability worldwide. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop early brain tissue perfusion therapies following acute stroke and to enhance functional recovery in stroke survivors. The morbidity, therapy, and recovery processes are highly orchestrated interactions involving the brain with other tissues. Exosomes are natural and ideal mediators of intercellular information transfer and recognized as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. Changes in exosome contents express throughout the physiological process. Accumulating evidence demonstrates the use of exosomes in exploring unknown cellular and molecular mechanisms of intercellular communication and organ homeostasis and indicates their potential role in ischemic stroke. Inspired by the unique properties of exosomes, this review focuses on the communication, diagnosis, and therapeutic role of various derived exosomes, and their development and challenges for the treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Jin
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Beijing, China
| | - Shuxia Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Beijing, China
| | - Mengchen Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoyu Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahui Ren
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Yun Luo, ; Xiaobo Sun,
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Yun Luo, ; Xiaobo Sun,
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Zhou M, Gao X, Zheng X, Luo J. Functions and clinical significance of circular RNAs in acute myeloid leukemia. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1010579. [PMID: 36506538 PMCID: PMC9729264 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1010579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of covalently closed single-stranded RNA molecules. Four types of circRNAs have been reported in animal cells, and they have typical characteristics in their biogenesis, nuclear export and degradation. Advances in our understanding of the molecular functions of circRNAs in sponging microRNAs, modulating transcription, regulating RNA-binding proteins, as well as encoding proteins have been made very recently. Dysregulated circRNAs are associated with human diseases such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this review, we focus on the recently described mechanisms, role and clinical significance of circRNAs in AML. Although great progress of circRNAs in AML has been achieved, substantial efforts are still required to explore whether circRNAs exert their biological function by other mechanisms such as regulation of gene transcription or serving as translation template in AML. It is also urgent that researchers study the machineries regulating circRNAs fate, the downstream effectors of circRNAs modulatory networks, and the clinical application of circRNAs in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China,Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Min Zhou, ; Jing Luo,
| | - Xianling Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China,Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China,*Correspondence: Min Zhou, ; Jing Luo,
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Wong R, Zhang Y, Zhao H, Ma D. Circular RNAs in organ injury: recent development. J Transl Med 2022; 20:533. [PMID: 36401311 PMCID: PMC9673305 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03725-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular ribonucleic acids (circRNAs) are a class of long non-coding RNA that were once regarded as non-functional transcription byproducts. However, recent studies suggested that circRNAs may exhibit important regulatory roles in many critical biological pathways and disease pathologies. These studies have identified significantly differential expression profiles of circRNAs upon changes in physiological and pathological conditions of eukaryotic cells. Importantly, a substantial number of studies have suggested that circRNAs may play critical roles in organ injuries. This review aims to provide a summary of recent studies on circRNAs in organ injuries with respect to (1) changes in circRNAs expression patterns, (2) main mechanism axi(e)s, (3) therapeutic implications and (4) future study prospective. With the increasing attention to this research area and the advancement in high-throughput nucleic acid sequencing techniques, our knowledge of circRNAs may bring fruitful outcomes from basic and clinical research.
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Zhao C, Li X, Sun G, Liu P, Kong K, Chen X, Yang F, Wang X. CircFOXO3 protects against osteoarthritis by targeting its parental gene FOXO3 and activating PI3K/AKT-mediated autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:932. [PMID: 36344492 PMCID: PMC9640610 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05390-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disorder causing pain and functional disability. Emerging evidence reveals that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play essential roles in OA progression and development. This study aimed to investigate the role of a novel circRNA factor, circFOXO3, in the progression of OA and elucidate its underlying molecular mechanism. The function of circFOXO3 in OA and interaction between circFOXO3 and its downstream mRNA target, forkhead box O3 (FOXO3), were evaluated by western blot (WB), immunofluorescence (IF), RNA immunoprecipitation, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Upregulation of circFOXO3 and autophagic flux were detected both in vivo and in vitro by WB, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), IF, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). A mouse model of OA was also used to confirm the role of circFOXO3 in OA pathogenesis in vivo. Decreased expression of circFOXO3 in OA cartilage tissues was directly associated with excessive apoptosis and imbalance between anabolic and catabolic factors of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Mechanistically, circFOXO3 functioned in cartilage by targeting its parental gene FOXO3 and activating autophagy. Intra-articular injection of lentivirus-circFOXO3 alleviated OA in the mouse model. In conclusion, our results reveal the key role played by circFOXO3 in OA progression; circFOXO3 overexpression may alleviate apoptosis of chondrocytes and promote anabolism of the ECM via activation of FOXO3 and autophagy, providing a potentially effective novel therapeutic strategy for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhao
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Guantong Sun
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Pengcheng Liu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Keyu Kong
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Xuzhuo Chen
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Fei Yang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011 China
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Li X, Li L, Si X, Zhang Z, Ni Z, Zhou Y, Liu K, Xia W, Zhang Y, Gu X, Huang J, Yin C, Shao A, Jiang L. The regulatory roles of circular RNAs via autophagy in ischemic stroke. Front Neurol 2022; 13:963508. [PMID: 36330428 PMCID: PMC9623297 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.963508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a severe disease with a high disability, recurrence, and mortality rates. Autophagy, a highly conserved process that degrades damaged or aging organelles and excess cellular components to maintain homeostasis, is activated during IS. It influences the blood–brain barrier integrity and regulates apoptosis. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are novel non-coding RNAs involved in IS-induced autophagy and participate in various pathological processes following IS. In addition, they play a role in autophagy regulation. This review summarizes current evidence on the roles of autophagy and circRNA in IS and the potential mechanisms by which circRNAs regulate autophagy to influence IS injury. This review serves as a basis for the clinical application of circRNAs as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Li
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingfei Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Si
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhumei Ni
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongji Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Keqin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenqing Xia
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuyao Zhang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Gu
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinyu Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Congguo Yin
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Congguo Yin
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Disease, Hangzhou, China
- Anwen Shao
| | - Lin Jiang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Lin Jiang
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Long Noncoding RNAs and Circular RNAs Regulate AKT and Its Effectors to Control Cell Functions of Cancer Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11192940. [PMID: 36230902 PMCID: PMC9563963 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AKT serine-threonine kinase (AKT) and its effectors are essential for maintaining cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial morphogenesis (fission/fusion), ferroptosis, necroptosis, DNA damage response (damage and repair), senescence, and migration of cancer cells. Several lncRNAs and circRNAs also regulate the expression of these functions by numerous pathways. However, the impact on cell functions by lncRNAs and circRNAs regulating AKT and its effectors is poorly understood. This review provides comprehensive information about the relationship of lncRNAs and circRNAs with AKT on the cell functions of cancer cells. the roles of several lncRNAs and circRNAs acting on AKT effectors, such as FOXO, mTORC1/2, S6K1/2, 4EBP1, SREBP, and HIF are explored. To further validate the relationship between AKT, AKT effectors, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, more predicted AKT- and AKT effector-targeting lncRNAs and circRNAs were retrieved from the LncTarD and circBase databases. Consistently, using an in-depth literature survey, these AKT- and AKT effector-targeting database lncRNAs and circRNAs were related to cell functions. Therefore, some lncRNAs and circRNAs can regulate several cell functions through modulating AKT and AKT effectors. This review provides insights into a comprehensive network of AKT and AKT effectors connecting to lncRNAs and circRNAs in the regulation of cancer cell functions.
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Yuan L, Chen W, Xiang J, Deng Q, Hu Y, Li J. Advances of circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Exp Cell Res 2022; 419:113302. [PMID: 35987381 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is the most common type of stroke, and its pathophysiological process is more complex. In recent years, the key regulatory roles of non-coding RNA (miRNA, circRNA) and mRNA in the development of IS have attracted more attention. In the process of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, circRNA can regulate nerves, blood vessels and immune system through miRNA/mRNA axis, so as to affect the neurovascular unit of IS. The combination of these noncoding RNAs and mRNAs can be used as non-invasive biomarkers and therapeutic tools for IS diagnosis, prognosis and brain injury. Therefore, it is very important to study the potential molecular mechanism, activation pathway and treatment methods of circRNA/miRNA/mRNA network in IS. This review will focus on the latest progress of circRNA/miRNA/mRNA regulatory network, we have also included some circRNAs, which does not mediate through a miRNA, so we also include circRNA -mRNA network. And explore the application prospect of these RNAs as potential therapeutic targets in the prevention and treatment of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yuan
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530022, Guangxi, China
| | - Junjun Xiang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiumei Deng
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, China
| | - Yueqiang Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530022, Guangxi, China
| | - Junhong Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530022, Guangxi, China.
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Han R, Zhang P, Li H, Chen Y, Hao Y, Guo Q, Zhang A, Li D. Differential Expression and Correlation Analysis of Global Transcriptome for Hemorrhagic Transformation After Acute Ischemic Stroke. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:889689. [PMID: 35757529 PMCID: PMC9214200 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.889689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to explore the epigenetic characteristics of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) after acute ischemic stroke, we used transcriptome sequencing technology to analyze the global transcriptome expression profile of patients with and without HT after acute ischemic stroke and to study the differential expression of messenger RNA (mRNA), long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), circular RNA (circRNA) and mircoRNA (miRNA) between the two groups. To further explore the role of differentially expressed genes in HT, we annotated the function of differentially expressed genes by using gene ontology (GO) and pathway analysis on the results and showed that there were 1,051 differential expressions of lncRNAs, 2,575 differential expressions of mRNAs, 447 differential expressions of circRNAs and 47 miRNAs in patients with HT compared with non-HT patients. Pathway analysis showed that ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, MAPK signal pathway, axon guidance, HIF-1 signal pathway, NOD-like receptor signal pathway, beta-alanine metabolism, Wnt signal pathway, sphingolipid signal pathway, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, and intestinal immune network used in IgA production play an important role in HT. Terms such as iron homeostasis, defense response, immune system process, DNA conformational change, production of transforming growth factor beta-2, and oxidoreductase activity were enriched in the gene list, suggesting a potential correlation with HT. A total of 261 lncRNA-miRNA relationship pairs and 21 circRNA-miRNA relationship pairs were obtained; additionally, 5 circRNAs and 13 lncRNAs were screened, which can be used as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to compete with miRNA in the co-expression network. Co-expression network analysis shows that these differentially expressed circRNA and lncRNA may play a vital role in HT and provide valuable information for new biomarkers or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Han
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Hongfang Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yongnan Hao
- Department of Emergency Stroke, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Emergency Stroke, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Aimei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Daojing Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Ischemic Stroke: Recent Insights into Autophagy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3450207. [PMID: 35720192 PMCID: PMC9200548 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3450207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Autophagy is a conserved cellular catabolic pathway that maintains cellular homeostasis by removal of damaged proteins and organelles, which is critical for the maintenance of energy and function homeostasis of cells. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that autophagy plays important roles in pathophysiological mechanisms under ischemic stroke. Previous investigations show that autophagy serves as a “double-edged sword” in ischemic stroke as it can either promote the survival of neuronal cells or induce cell death in special conditions. Following ischemic stroke, autophagy is activated or inhibited in several cell types in brain, including neurons, astrocytes, and microglia, as well as microvascular endothelial cells, which involves in inflammatory activation, modulation of microglial phenotypes, and blood-brain barrier permeability. However, the exact mechanisms of underlying the role of autophagy in ischemic stroke are not fully understood. This review focuses on the recent advances regarding potential molecular mechanisms of autophagy in different cell types. The focus is also on discussing the “double-edged sword” effect of autophagy in ischemic stroke and its possible underlying mechanisms. In addition, potential therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke targeting autophagy are also reviewed.
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Circular RNAs and Drug Resistance in Genitourinary Cancers: A Literature Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040866. [PMID: 35205613 PMCID: PMC8869870 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Drug resistance to systematic treatment in genitourinary tumors severely aggravated the burden on patients and society. Multiple mechanisms were involved in drug resistance. As typical non-coding RNAs, circRNAs play a critical role in the onset and development of cancers and several studies implied their function in the regulation of drug resistance. Here, we reviewed the investigations of circRNAs’ behavior in drug resistance of genitourinary cancers and summarized the underlying mechanisms. This review emphasized the essential role of circRNAs in drug resistance development and also pointed out the potential topics that need further investigations in the future. Abstract In recent years, systematic treatment has made great progress in genitourinary tumors. However, some patients develop resistance to the treatments, resulting in an increase in mortality. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) form a class of non-coding RNAs with high stability and significant clinical relevance. Accumulating evidence indicates that circRNAs play a vital role in cancer development and tumor chemotherapy resistance. This review summarizes the molecular and cellular mechanisms of drug resistance mediated by circRNAs to common drugs used in the treatment of genitourinary tumors. Several circRNAs were identified to regulate the responsiveness to systemic treatments in genitourinary tumors, including chemotherapies such as cisplatin and targeted therapies such as enzalutamide. Canonically, cicrRNAs participate in the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network, or in some cases directly interact with proteins, regulate downstream pathways, and even some circRNAs have the potential to produce proteins or polypeptides. Several cellular mechanisms were involved in circRNA-dependent drug resistance, including autophagy, cancer stem cells, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and exosomes. The potential clinical prospect of circRNAs in regulating tumor drug resistance was also discussed.
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