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Han C, Xu R, Ye T, Xie Y, Zhao Y, Liu H, Yu W, Zhang Y, Li S, Zhang Z, Ding Y, Han K, Fang C, Ji B, Zhai W, Guo Y. Mortality burden due to long-term exposure to ambient PM 2.5 above the new WHO air quality guideline based on 296 cities in China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 166:107331. [PMID: 35728411 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Quantifying the spatial and socioeconomic variation of mortality burden attributable to particulate matters with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5) has important implications for pollution control policy. This study aims to examine the regional and socioeconomic disparities in the mortality burden attributable to long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 in China. METHODS Using data of 296 cities across China from 2015 to 2019, we estimated all-cause mortality (people aged ≥ 16 years) attributable to the long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 above the new WHO air quality guideline (5 µg/m3). Attributed fraction (AF), attributed deaths (AD), attributed mortality rate (AMR) and total value of statistical life lost (VSL) by regional and socioeconomic levels were reported. RESULTS Over the period of 2015-2019, 17.0% [95% confidence interval (CI): 7.4-25.2] of all-cause mortality were attributable to long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5, corresponding to 1,425.2 thousand deaths (95% CI: 622.4-2,099.6), 103.5/105 (95% CI: 44.9-153.3) AMR, and 1006.9 billion USD (95% CI: 439.8-1483.4) total VSL per year. The AMR decreased from 120.5/105 (95% CI: 52.9-176.6) to 92.7/105 (95% CI:39.9-138.5) from 2015 to 2019. The highest mortality burden was observed in the north region (annual average AF = 24.2%, 95% CI: 10.8-35.1; annual average AMR = 137.0/105, 95% CI: 60.9-198.5). The highest AD and economic loss were observed in the east region (annual average AD = 390.0 thousand persons, 95% CI: 170.3-574.6; annual total VSL = 275.6 billion USD, 95% CI: 120.3-406.0). Highest AMR was in the cities with middle level of GDP per capita (PGDP)/urbanization. The majority of the top ten cities of AF, AMR and VSL were in high and middle PGDP/urbanization regions. CONCLUSION There were significant regional and socioeconomic disparities in PM2.5 attributed mortality burden among Chinese cities, suggesting differential mitigation policies are required for different regions in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Han
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264003, PR China
| | - Rongbin Xu
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Tingting Ye
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Yang Xie
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Yang Zhao
- The George Institute for Global Health at Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100600, PR China; WHO Collaborating Centre on Implementation Research for Prevention & Control of NCDs, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Haiyun Liu
- Yantai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China
| | - Wenhua Yu
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Yajuan Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, PR China
| | - Shanshan Li
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Zhongwen Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264003, PR China
| | - Yimin Ding
- School of Software, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Kun Han
- GuotaiJunan Securities, Shanghai 200030, PR China; School of Economics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Chang Fang
- School of Public Health, Haerbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Baocheng Ji
- Linyi Municipal Ecology and Environment Bureau, Linyi, Shandong 276000, PR China
| | - Wenhui Zhai
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Yuming Guo
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264003, PR China; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
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Nejjari C, Marfak A, Rguig A, Maaroufi A, El Marouani I, El Haloui A, El Johra B, Ouahabi R, Moulki R, Azami AI, El Achhab Y. Ambient air pollution and emergency department visits among children and adults in Casablanca, Morocco. AIMS Public Health 2021; 8:285-302. [PMID: 34017892 PMCID: PMC8116191 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2021022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents the relationships between ambient air pollutants and morbidity and emergency department visits among children and adults performed in Great Casablanca, the most populated and economic region in Morocco. This research was analyzed using conditional Poisson model for the period 2011-2013. In the period of study, the daily average concentrations of SO2, NO2, O3 and PM10 in Casablanca were 209.4 µg/m3, 61 µg/m3, 113.2 µg/m3 and 75.1 µg/m3, respectively. In children less than 5 years old, risk of asthma could be increased until 12% per 10 µg/m3 increase in NO2, PM10, SO2 and O3. In children over 5 years and adults, an increase of 10 µg/m3 air pollutant can cause an increase until 3% and 4% in respiratory consultations and acute respiratory infection, respectively. Similarly, impact on emergency department visits due to respiratory and cardiac illness was established. Our results suggest a not negligible impact on morbidity of outdoor air pollution by NO2, SO2, O3, and PM10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakib Nejjari
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, Morocco
- Mohammed VI University for Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abdelghafour Marfak
- National School of Public Health, Rabat, Morocco
- Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Hassan 1 University of Settat, Morocco
| | | | | | | | | | - Bouchra El Johra
- General Directorate of Meteorology of Morocco in Casablanca, Morocco
| | | | - Rachid Moulki
- Regional Health Directorate of Casablanca-Settat, Casablanca, Morocco
| | | | - Youness El Achhab
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, Morocco
- Regional Center for Careers Education and Training, Fez-Meknes, Morocco
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Bahrami Asl F, Leili M, Vaziri Y, Salahshour Arian S, Cristaldi A, Oliveri Conti G, Ferrante M. Health impacts quantification of ambient air pollutants using AirQ model approach in Hamadan, Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 161:114-121. [PMID: 29121489 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Iranian western cities, including Hamadan, have been experiencing Middle East Dust Storms (MEDS) phenomenon problems in recent years, so the air quality is getting worse every year in these cities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the human health impacts of criteria air pollutants including PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, CO and O3 on the citizens of Hamadan using AirQ model software 2.2.3. Considering the determined baseline incidence (BI) and relative risk (RR) rate, the attributable proportion (AP) of deaths due to cardiovascular and respiratory mortality attributed to PM2.5, PM10, O3, NO2, and CO pollutants was estimated to be 4.42%, 3.37%, 1.75%, 1.74% and 0.92% (95% CI) of the total mortality and the excess death cases were respectively estimated to be 131.9, 100.4, 52.1, 51.9 and 27.3 persons. In addition, cardiovascular mortality brings more contribution than respiratory mortality in total death number. The results of our study also showed that PM2.5 poses the greatest health effects on the citizens. Analyzing the average seasonal concentrations of studied pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, and NO2) and the mean seasonal temperature values revealed a positive linear correlation. Significant negative correlations were observed between the studied pollutants (PM10, PM2.5 and NO2) and relative humidity, and between PM and wind speed. This study, therefore, provides additional data in decision-makings for the development of strategies for reduction of ambient air pollution which will result in improvements of air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Bahrami Asl
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Students Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Leili
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Yaser Vaziri
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Students Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Antonio Cristaldi
- Environmental and Food hygiene Laboratories (LIAA)-Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gea Oliveri Conti
- Environmental and Food hygiene Laboratories (LIAA)-Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Environmental and Food hygiene Laboratories (LIAA)-Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Spatiotemporal Patterns of Ozone and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disease Mortalities Due to Ozone in Shenzhen. SUSTAINABILITY 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/su9040559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Environmental effects of ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change: progress report, 2015. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2016; 15:141-74. [PMID: 26822392 DOI: 10.1039/c6pp90004f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) is one of three Panels that regularly informs the Parties (countries) to the Montreal Protocol on the effects of ozone depletion and the consequences of climate change interactions with respect to human health, animals, plants, biogeochemistry, air quality, and materials. The Panels provide a detailed assessment report every four years. The most recent 2014 Quadrennial Assessment by the EEAP was published as a special issue of seven papers in 2015 (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2015, 14, 1-184). The next Quadrennial Assessment will be published in 2018/2019. In the interim, the EEAP generally produces an annual update or progress report of the relevant scientific findings. The present progress report for 2015 assesses some of the highlights and new insights with regard to the interactive nature of the effects of UV radiation, atmospheric processes, and climate change.
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Goodman JE, Prueitt RL, Sax SN, Pizzurro DM, Lynch HN, Zu K, Venditti FJ. Ozone exposure and systemic biomarkers: Evaluation of evidence for adverse cardiovascular health impacts. Crit Rev Toxicol 2016; 45:412-52. [PMID: 25959700 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2015.1031371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recently concluded that there is likely to be a causal relationship between short-term (< 30 days) ozone exposure and cardiovascular (CV) effects; however, biological mechanisms to link transient effects with chronic cardiovascular disease (CVD) have not been established. Some studies assessed changes in circulating levels of biomarkers associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, coagulation, vasoreactivity, lipidology, and glucose metabolism after ozone exposure to elucidate a biological mechanism. We conducted a weight-of-evidence (WoE) analysis to determine if there is evidence supporting an association between changes in these biomarkers and short-term ozone exposure that would indicate a biological mechanism for CVD below the ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) of 75 parts per billion (ppb). Epidemiology findings were mixed for all biomarker categories, with only a few studies reporting statistically significant changes and with no consistency in the direction of the reported effects. Controlled human exposure studies of 2 to 5 hours conducted at ozone concentrations above 75 ppb reported small elevations in biomarkers for inflammation and oxidative stress that were of uncertain clinical relevance. Experimental animal studies reported more consistent results among certain biomarkers, although these were also conducted at ozone exposures well above 75 ppb and provided limited information on ozone exposure-response relationships. Overall, the current WoE does not provide a convincing case for a causal relationship between short-term ozone exposure below the NAAQS and adverse changes in levels of biomarkers within and across categories, but, because of study limitations, they cannot not provide definitive evidence of a lack of causation.
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Goudarzi G, Geravandi S, Foruozandeh H, Babaei AA, Alavi N, Niri MV, Khodayar MJ, Salmanzadeh S, Mohammadi MJ. Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality attributed to ground-level ozone in Ahvaz, Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:487. [PMID: 26141926 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4674-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ahvaz, the capital city of Khuzestan Province, which produces Iran's most oil, is on the rolls of fame in view of air pollution. It has also suffered from dust storm during the recent two decades. So, emissions from transportation systems, steel, oil, black carbon, and other industries as anthropogenic sources and dust storm as a new phenomenon are two major concerns of air pollution in Ahvaz. Without any doubt, they can cause many serious problems for the environment and humans in this megacity. The main objective of the present study was to estimate the impact of ground-level ozone (GLO) as a secondary pollutant on human heath. Data of GLO in four monitoring stations were collected at the first step and they were processed and at the final step they were inserted to a health effect model. Findings showed that cumulative cases of cardiovascular and respiratory deaths which attributed to GLO were 43 and 173 persons, respectively. Corresponding RR for these two events were 1.008 (95% CI) and 1.004 (95% CI), respectively. Although we did not provide a distinction between winter and summer in case of mentioned mortalities attributed to GLO, ozone concentrations in winter due to more fuel consumption and sub adiabatic condition in tropospheric atmospherewere higher than those GLO in summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Goudarzi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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