1
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Paoli-Lombardo R, Primas N, Vanelle P. DprE1 and Ddn as promising therapeutic targets in the development of novel anti-tuberculosis nitroaromatic drugs. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 274:116559. [PMID: 38850856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains the second deadliest infectious disease in humans and a public health threat due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR-TB) strains. Therefore, it is urgent to identify new anti-tuberculosis treatments and novel therapeutic targets to prevent the emergence of resistance. In recent years, the study of anti-tuberculosis properties of nitroaromatic compounds has led to the identification of two novel biological targets, the deazaflavin (F420)-dependent nitroreductase Ddn and the decaprenylphosphoryl-β-d-ribose 2'-epimerase DprE1. This review aims to show why Ddn and DprE1 are promising therapeutic targets and highlight nitroaromatic compounds interest in developing new anti-tuberculosis treatments active against MDR-TB and XDR-TB. Despite renewed interest in the development of new anti-tuberculosis nitroaromatic compounds, pharmaceutical companies often exclude nitro-containing molecules from their drug discovery programs because of their toxic and mutagenic potential. This exclusion results in missed opportunities to identify new nitroaromatic compounds and promising therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Paoli-Lombardo
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, Laboratoire de Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire, 13385, Marseille, France; AP-HM, Service Central de la Qualité et de l'Information Pharmaceutiques, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Primas
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, Laboratoire de Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire, 13385, Marseille, France; AP-HM, Service Central de la Qualité et de l'Information Pharmaceutiques, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Patrice Vanelle
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, Laboratoire de Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire, 13385, Marseille, France; AP-HM, Service Central de la Qualité et de l'Information Pharmaceutiques, 13005, Marseille, France.
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2
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Linciano P, Quotadamo A, Luciani R, Santucci M, Zorn KM, Foil DH, Lane TR, Cordeiro da Silva A, Santarem N, B Moraes C, Freitas-Junior L, Wittig U, Mueller W, Tonelli M, Ferrari S, Venturelli A, Gul S, Kuzikov M, Ellinger B, Reinshagen J, Ekins S, Costi MP. High-Throughput Phenotypic Screening and Machine Learning Methods Enabled the Selection of Broad-Spectrum Low-Toxicity Antitrypanosomatidic Agents. J Med Chem 2023; 66:15230-15255. [PMID: 37921561 PMCID: PMC10683024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Broad-spectrum anti-infective chemotherapy agents with activity against Trypanosomes, Leishmania, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis species were identified from a high-throughput phenotypic screening program of the 456 compounds belonging to the Ty-Box, an in-house industry database. Compound characterization using machine learning approaches enabled the identification and synthesis of 44 compounds with broad-spectrum antiparasitic activity and minimal toxicity against Trypanosoma brucei, Leishmania Infantum, and Trypanosoma cruzi. In vitro studies confirmed the predictive models identified in compound 40 which emerged as a new lead, featured by an innovative N-(5-pyrimidinyl)benzenesulfonamide scaffold and promising low micromolar activity against two parasites and low toxicity. Given the volume and complexity of data generated by the diverse high-throughput screening assays performed on the compounds of the Ty-Box library, the chemoinformatic and machine learning tools enabled the selection of compounds eligible for further evaluation of their biological and toxicological activities and aided in the decision-making process toward the design and optimization of the identified lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Linciano
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Modena and
Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio Quotadamo
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Modena and
Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Rosaria Luciani
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Modena and
Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Matteo Santucci
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Modena and
Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Kimberley M. Zorn
- Collaborations
Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Daniel H. Foil
- Collaborations
Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Thomas R. Lane
- Collaborations
Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Anabela Cordeiro da Silva
- Institute
for Molecular and Cell Biology, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto
de Investigaçao e Inovaçao em Saúde, Universidade do Porto and Institute for Molecular
and Cell Biology, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Santarem
- Institute
for Molecular and Cell Biology, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto
de Investigaçao e Inovaçao em Saúde, Universidade do Porto and Institute for Molecular
and Cell Biology, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carolina B Moraes
- Brazilian
Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucio Freitas-Junior
- Brazilian
Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ulrike Wittig
- Scientific
Databases and Visualization Group and Molecular and Cellular Modelling
Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical
Studies (HITS), D-69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Mueller
- Scientific
Databases and Visualization Group and Molecular and Cellular Modelling
Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical
Studies (HITS), D-69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michele Tonelli
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV n.3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefania Ferrari
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Modena and
Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Alberto Venturelli
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Modena and
Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
- TYDOCK
PHARMA S.r.l., Strada
Gherbella 294/b, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Sheraz Gul
- Fraunhofer
Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Schnackenburgallee 114, D-22525 Hamburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases
CIMD, Schnackenburgallee
114, D-22525 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Kuzikov
- Fraunhofer
Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Schnackenburgallee 114, D-22525 Hamburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases
CIMD, Schnackenburgallee
114, D-22525 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Ellinger
- Fraunhofer
Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Schnackenburgallee 114, D-22525 Hamburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases
CIMD, Schnackenburgallee
114, D-22525 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jeanette Reinshagen
- Fraunhofer
Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Schnackenburgallee 114, D-22525 Hamburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases
CIMD, Schnackenburgallee
114, D-22525 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sean Ekins
- Collaborations
Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Maria Paola Costi
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Modena and
Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
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3
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Functionalized Nitroimidazole Scaffold Construction and Their Pharmaceutical Applications: A 1950–2021 Comprehensive Overview. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050561. [PMID: 35631389 PMCID: PMC9144801 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitroimidazole represents one of the most essential and unique scaffolds in drug discovery since its discovery in the 1950s. It was K. Maeda in Japan who reported in 1953 the first nitroimidazole as a natural product from Nocardia mesenterica with antibacterial activity, which was later identified as Azomycin 1 (2-nitroimidazole) and remained in focus until now. This natural antibiotic was the starting point for synthesizing numerous analogs and regio-isomers, leading to several life-saving drugs and clinical candidates against a number of diseases, including infections (bacterial, viral, parasitic) and cancers, as well as imaging agents in medicine/diagnosis. In the present decade, the nitroimidazole scaffold has again been given two life-saving drugs (Delamanid and Pretomanid) used to treat MDR (multi-drug resistant) tuberculosis. Keeping in view the highly successful track-record of the nitroimidazole scaffold in providing breakthrough therapeutic drugs, this comprehensive review focuses explicitly on presenting the activity profile and synthetic chemistry of functionalized nitroimidazole (2-, 4- and 5-nitroimidazoles as well as the fused nitroimidazoles) based drugs and leads published from 1950 to 2021. The present review also presents the miscellaneous examples in each class. In addition, the mutagenic profile of nitroimidazole-based drugs and leads and derivatives is also discussed.
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Abstract
Given the low treatment success rates of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB), novel TB drugs are urgently needed. The landscape of TB treatment has changed considerably over the last decade with the approval of three new compounds: bedaquiline, delamanid and pretomanid. Of these, delamanid and pretomanid belong to the same class of drugs, the nitroimidazoles. In order to close the knowledge gap on how delamanid and pretomanid compare with each other, we summarize the main findings from preclinical research on these two compounds. We discuss the compound identification, mechanism of action, drug resistance, in vitro activity, in vivo pharmacokinetic profiles, and preclinical in vivo activity and efficacy. Although delamanid and pretomanid share many similarities, several differences could be identified. One finding of particular interest is that certain Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates have been described that are resistant to either delamanid or pretomanid, but with preserved susceptibility to the other compound. This might imply that delamanid and pretomanid could replace one another in certain regimens. Regarding bactericidal activity, based on in vitro and preclinical in vivo activity, delamanid has lower MICs and higher mycobacterial load reductions at lower drug concentrations and doses compared with pretomanid. However, when comparing in vivo preclinical bactericidal activity at dose levels equivalent to currently approved clinical doses based on drug exposure, this difference in activity between the two compounds fades. However, it is important to interpret these comparative results with caution knowing the variability inherent in preclinical in vitro and in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia E. Mudde
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | | | - Anne Lenaerts
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Hannelore I. Bax
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan E. M. De Steenwinkel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Khoshnood S, Taki E, Sadeghifard N, Kaviar VH, Haddadi MH, Farshadzadeh Z, Kouhsari E, Goudarzi M, Heidary M. Mechanism of Action, Resistance, Synergism, and Clinical Implications of Delamanid Against Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:717045. [PMID: 34690963 PMCID: PMC8529252 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.717045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) remain a primary global threat to the end of tuberculosis (TB) era. Delamanid (DLM) is a nitro-dihydro-imidazooxazole derivative utilized to treat MDR-TB. DLM has distinct mechanism of action, inhibiting methoxy- and keto-mycolic acid (MA) synthesis through the F420 coenzyme mycobacteria system and generating nitrous oxide. While DLM resistance among MTB strains is uncommon, there are increasing reports in Asia and Europe, and such resistance will prolong the treatment courses of patients infected with MDR-TB. In this review, we address the antimycobacterial properties of DLM, report the global prevalence of DLM resistance, discuss the synergism of DLM with other anti-TB drugs, and evaluate the documented clinical trials to provide new insights into the clinical use of this antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Khoshnood
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Elahe Taki
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nourkhoda Sadeghifard
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Vahab Hassan Kaviar
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Farshadzadeh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Kouhsari
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Goudarzi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Heidary
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
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6
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Thomas C, Gwenin CD. The Role of Nitroreductases in Resistance to Nitroimidazoles. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:388. [PMID: 34062712 PMCID: PMC8147198 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a major challenge facing modern medicine, with an estimated 700,000 people dying annually and a global cost in excess of $100 trillion. This has led to an increased need to develop new, effective treatments. This review focuses on nitroimidazoles, which have seen a resurgence in interest due to their broad spectrum of activity against anaerobic Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The role of nitroreductases is to activate the antimicrobial by reducing the nitro group. A decrease in the activity of nitroreductases is associated with resistance. This review will discuss the resistance mechanisms of different disease organisms, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Helicobacter pylori and Staphylococcus aureus, and how these impact the effectiveness of specific nitroimidazoles. Perspectives in the field of nitroimidazole drug development are also summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Thomas
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK;
| | - Christopher D. Gwenin
- Department of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
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7
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Stephanie F, Saragih M, Tambunan USF. Recent Progress and Challenges for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050592. [PMID: 33919204 PMCID: PMC8143172 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection continues to be an issue, particularly in countries with a high tuberculosis (TB) burden in the tropical and sub-tropical regions. The effort to reduce the catastrophic cost of TB with the WHO’s End TB Strategy in 2035 is still obstructed by the emergence of drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) cases as result of various mutations of the MTB strain. In the approach to combat DR-TB, several potential antitubercular agents were discovered as inhibitors for various existing and novel targets. Host-directed therapy and immunotherapy also gained attention as the drug-susceptibility level of the pathogen can be reduced due to the pathogen’s evolutionary dynamics. This review is focused on the current progress and challenges in DR-TB treatment. We briefly summarized antitubercular compounds that are under development and trials for both DR-TB drug candidates and host-directed therapy. We also highlighted several problems in DR-TB diagnosis, the treatment regimen, and drug discovery that have an impact on treatment adherence and treatment failure.
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8
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Formulation technologies and advances for oral delivery of novel nitroimidazoles and antimicrobial peptides. J Control Release 2020; 324:728-749. [PMID: 32380201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has become a global crisis, driving the exploration for novel antibiotics and novel treatment approaches. Among these research efforts two classes of antibiotics, bicyclic nitroimidazoles and antimicrobial peptides, have recently shown promise as novel antimicrobial agents with the possibility to treat multi-drug resistant infections. However, they suffer from the issue of poor oral bioavailability due to disparate factors: low solubility in the case of nitroimidazoles (BCS class II drugs), and low permeability in the case of peptides (BCS class III drugs). Moreover, antimicrobial peptides present another challenge as they are susceptible to chemical and enzymatic degradation, which can present an additional pharmacokinetic hurdle for their oral bioavailability. Formulation technologies offer a potential means for improving the oral bioavailability of poorly permeable and poorly soluble drugs, but there are still drawbacks and limitations associated with this approach. This review discusses in depth the challenges associated with oral delivery of nitroimidazoles and antimicrobial peptides and the formulation technologies that have been used to overcome these problems, including an assessment of the drawbacks and limitations associated with the technologies that have been applied. Furthermore, the potential for supercritical fluid technology to overcome the shortcomings associated with conventional drug formulation methods is reviewed.
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9
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Adduct Formation of Delamanid with NAD in Mycobacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.01755-19. [PMID: 32152081 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01755-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Delamanid (DLM), a nitro-dihydroimidazooxazole derivative currently approved for pulmonary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) therapy, is a prodrug activated by mycobacterial 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy 5-deazaflavin electron transfer coenzyme (F420)-dependent nitroreductase (Ddn). Despite inhibiting the biosynthesis of a subclass of mycolic acids, the active DLM metabolite remained unknown. Comparative liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of DLM metabolites revealed covalent binding of reduced DLM with a nicotinamide ring of NAD derivatives (oxidized form) in DLM-treated Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. Bacille de Calmette et Guérin. Isoniazid-resistant mutations in the type II NADH dehydrogenase gene (ndh) showed a higher intracellular NADH/NAD ratio and cross-resistance to DLM, which were restored by complementation of the mutants with wild-type ndh Our data demonstrated for the first time the adduct formation of reduced DLM with NAD in mycobacterial cells and its importance in the action of DLM.
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10
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do Vale Chaves e Mello F, Castro Salomão Quaresma BM, Resende Pitombeira MC, Araújo de Brito M, Farias PP, Lisboa de Castro S, Salomão K, Silva de Carvalho A, Oliveira de Paula JI, de Brito Nascimento S, Peixoto Cupello M, Paes MC, Boechat N, Felzenszwalb I. Novel nitroimidazole derivatives evaluated for their trypanocidal, cytotoxic, and genotoxic activities. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 186:111887. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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11
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Paucar R, Martín-Escolano R, Moreno-Viguri E, Azqueta A, Cirauqui N, Marín C, Sánchez-Moreno M, Pérez-Silanes S. Rational modification of Mannich base-type derivatives as novel antichagasic compounds: Synthesis, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:3902-3917. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Abstract
The nitro group is considered to be a versatile and unique functional group in medicinal chemistry. Despite a long history of use in therapeutics, the nitro group has toxicity issues and is often categorized as a structural alert or a toxicophore, and evidence related to drugs containing nitro groups is rather contradictory. In general, drugs containing nitro groups have been extensively associated with mutagenicity and genotoxicity. In this context, efforts toward the structure-mutagenicity or structure-genotoxicity relationships have been undertaken. The current Perspective covers various aspects of agents that contain nitro groups, their bioreductive activation mechanisms, their toxicities, and approaches to combat their toxicity issues. In addition, recent advances in the field of anticancer, antitubercular and antiparasitic agents containing nitro groups, along with a patent survey on hypoxia-activated prodrugs containing nitro groups, are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Nepali
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy , Taipei Medical University , 250 Wuxing Street , Taipei 11031 , Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Yun Lee
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy , Taipei Medical University , 250 Wuxing Street , Taipei 11031 , Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy , Taipei Medical University , 250 Wuxing Street , Taipei 11031 , Taiwan
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13
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Liu Y, Matsumoto M, Ishida H, Ohguro K, Yoshitake M, Gupta R, Geiter L, Hafkin J. Delamanid: From discovery to its use for pulmonary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018; 111:20-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Fujiwara M, Kawasaki M, Hariguchi N, Liu Y, Matsumoto M. Mechanisms of resistance to delamanid, a drug for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2017. [PMID: 29523322 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Delamanid, a bicyclic nitroimidazooxazole, is effective against M. tuberculosis. Previous studies have shown that resistance to a bicyclic nitroimidazooxazine, PA-824, is caused by mutations in an F420-dependent bio-activation pathway. We investigated whether the same mechanisms are responsible for resistance to delamanid. Spontaneous resistance frequencies were determined using M. bovis BCG Tokyo (BCG) and M. tuberculosis H37Rv. F420 high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) elution patterns of homogenates of delamanid-resistant BCG colonies and two previously identified delamanid-resistant M. tuberculosis clinical isolates were examined, followed by sequencing of genes in the F420-dependent bio-activation pathway. Spontaneous resistance frequencies to delamanid were similar to those of isoniazid and PA-824. Four distinct F420 HPLC elution patterns were observed, corresponding to colonies with mutations on fgd1, fbiA, fbiB, and fbiC with no change in the ddn mutants from the wildtype. Complementation with the wildtype sequence of the mutated gene restored susceptibility. The two delamanid-resistant clinical isolates had ddn mutations and the wildtype F420 HPLC elution pattern. In conclusion, delamanid-resistant bacilli have mutations in one of the 5 genes in the F420-dependent bio-activation pathway with distinct F420 HPLC elution patterns. Both genetic and phenotypic changes may be considered in the development of a rapid susceptibility test for delamanid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Fujiwara
- Department of Medical Innovations, New Drug Research Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan.
| | | | - Norimitsu Hariguchi
- Department of Medical Innovations, New Drug Research Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Yongge Liu
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Makoto Matsumoto
- Pharmaceutical Business Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., San Francisco, CA, USA.
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15
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Ang CW, Jarrad AM, Cooper MA, Blaskovich MAT. Nitroimidazoles: Molecular Fireworks That Combat a Broad Spectrum of Infectious Diseases. J Med Chem 2017; 60:7636-7657. [PMID: 28463485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases claim millions of lives every year, but with the advent of drug resistance, therapeutic options to treat infections are inadequate. There is now an urgent need to develop new and effective treatments. Nitroimidazoles are a class of antimicrobial drugs that have remarkable broad spectrum activity against parasites, mycobacteria, and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. While nitroimidazoles were discovered in the 1950s, there has been renewed interest in their therapeutic potential, particularly for the treatment of parasitic infections and tuberculosis. In this review, we summarize different classes of nitroimidazoles that have been described in the literature in the past five years, from approved drugs and clinical candidates to examples undergoing preclinical or early stage development. The relatively "nonspecific" mode of action and resistance mechanisms of nitromidazoles are discussed, and contemporary strategies to facilitate nitroimidazole drug development are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Wei Ang
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Angie M Jarrad
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Matthew A Cooper
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Mark A T Blaskovich
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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