1
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Kim TY, Jeong JC, Seo BS, Krause HJ, Hong HB. A Novel Field-Free Line Generator for Mechanically Scanned Magnetic Particle Imaging. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:933. [PMID: 38339650 PMCID: PMC10857322 DOI: 10.3390/s24030933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we propose an efficient field-free line (FFL) generator for mechanically driven FFL magnetic particle imaging (MPI) applications. The novel FFL generator comprises pairs of Halbach arrays and bar magnets. The proposed design generates high-gradient FFLs with low-mass permanent magnets, realizing fine spatial resolutions in MPI. We investigate the magnetic field generated using simulations and experiments. Our results show that the FFL generator yields a high gradient of 4.76 T/m at a cylindrical field of view of 30 mm diameter and a 70 mm open bore. A spatial resolution of less than 3.5 mm was obtained in the mechanically driven FFL-MPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Yi Kim
- Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), 218 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea; (T.Y.K.); (J.C.J.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Jae Chan Jeong
- Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), 218 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea; (T.Y.K.); (J.C.J.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Beom Su Seo
- Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), 218 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea; (T.Y.K.); (J.C.J.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Hans Joachim Krause
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Hyo Bong Hong
- Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), 218 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea; (T.Y.K.); (J.C.J.); (B.S.S.)
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2
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Mathes N, Comas M, Bleul R, Everaert K, Hermle T, Wiekhorst F, Knittel P, Sperling RA, Vidal X. Nitrogen-vacancy center magnetic imaging of Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles inside the gastrointestinal tract of Drosophila melanogaster. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 6:247-255. [PMID: 38125606 PMCID: PMC10729879 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00684k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Widefield magnetometry based on nitrogen-vacancy centers enables high spatial resolution imaging of magnetic field distributions without a need for spatial scanning. In this work, we show nitrogen-vacancy center magnetic imaging of Fe3O4 nanoparticles within the gastrointestinal tract of Drosophila melanogaster larvae. Vector magnetic field imaging based on optically detected magnetic resonance is carried out on dissected larvae intestine organs containing accumulations of externally loaded magnetic nanoparticles. The distribution of the magnetic nanoparticles within the tissue can be clearly deduced from the magnetic stray field measurements. Spatially resolved magnetic imaging requires the nitrogen-vacancy centers to be very close to the sample making the technique particularly interesting for thin tissue samples. This study is a proof of principle showing the capability of nitrogen-vacancy center magnetometry as a technique to detect magnetic nanoparticle distributions in Drosophila melanogaster larvae that can be extended to other biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Mathes
- Fraunhofer Institute of Applied Solid State Physics IAF Freiburg Germany
| | - Maria Comas
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg Hugstetter Straße 55 79106 Freiburg Germany
| | - Regina Bleul
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microengineering and Microsystems IMM Carl-Zeiss-Str. 18-20 55129 Mainz Germany
| | - Katrijn Everaert
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Abbestraße 2-12 Berlin Germany
- Department of Solid State Sciences, Ghent University Krijgslaan 281/S1 Ghent Belgium
| | - Tobias Hermle
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg Hugstetter Straße 55 79106 Freiburg Germany
| | - Frank Wiekhorst
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Abbestraße 2-12 Berlin Germany
| | - Peter Knittel
- Fraunhofer Institute of Applied Solid State Physics IAF Freiburg Germany
| | - Ralph A Sperling
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microengineering and Microsystems IMM Carl-Zeiss-Str. 18-20 55129 Mainz Germany
| | - Xavier Vidal
- Fraunhofer Institute of Applied Solid State Physics IAF Freiburg Germany
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) Derio 48160 Spain
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3
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Remmo A, Wiekhorst F, Kosch O, Lyer S, Unterweger H, Kratz H, Löwa N. Determining the resolution of a tracer for magnetic particle imaging by means of magnetic particle spectroscopy. RSC Adv 2023; 13:15730-15736. [PMID: 37235104 PMCID: PMC10208046 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01394d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is an imaging modality to quantitatively determine the three-dimensional distribution of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) administered as a tracer into a biological system. Magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS) is the zero-dimensional MPI counterpart without spatial coding but with much higher sensitivity. Generally, MPS is employed to qualitatively evaluate the MPI capability of tracer systems from the measured specific harmonic spectra. Here, we investigated the correlation of three characteristic MPS parameters with the achievable MPI resolution from a recently introduced procedure based on a two-voxel-analysis of data taken from the system function acquisition that is mandatory in Lissajous scanning MPI. We evaluated nine different tracer systems and determined their MPI capability and resolution from MPS measurements and compared the results with MPI phantom measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Remmo
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Berlin, Metrology for Magnetic Nanoparticles Abbestr. 2-12 10587 Berlin Germany
| | - Frank Wiekhorst
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Berlin, Metrology for Magnetic Nanoparticles Abbestr. 2-12 10587 Berlin Germany
| | - Olaf Kosch
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Berlin, Metrology for Magnetic Nanoparticles Abbestr. 2-12 10587 Berlin Germany
| | - Stefan Lyer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Professorship for AI-Controlled Nanomaterials, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen Erlangen Germany
| | - Harald Unterweger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Professorship for AI-Controlled Nanomaterials, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen Erlangen Germany
| | - Harald Kratz
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Clinic for Radiology Charitéplatz 1 10117 Berlin Germany
| | - Norbert Löwa
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Berlin, Metrology for Magnetic Nanoparticles Abbestr. 2-12 10587 Berlin Germany
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4
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Friedrich RM, Sadeghi M, Faupel F. Numerical and Experimental Study of Colored Magnetic Particle Mapping via Magnetoelectric Sensors. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13020347. [PMID: 36678100 PMCID: PMC9865076 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Colored imaging of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) is a promising noninvasive method for medical applications such as therapy and diagnosis. This study investigates the capability of the magnetoelectric sensor and projected gradient descent (PGD) algorithm for colored particle detection. In the first step, the required circumstances for image reconstruction are studied via a simulation approach for different signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). The spatial accuracy of the reconstructed image is evaluated based on the correlation coefficient (CC) factor. The inverse problem is solved using the PGD method, which is adapted according to a nonnegativity constraint in the complex domain. The MNP characterizations are assessed through a magnetic particle spectrometer (MPS) for different types. In the experimental investigation, the real and imaginary parts of the MNP's response are used to detect the spatial distribution and particle type, respectively. The experimental results indicate that the average phase difference for CT100 and ARA100 particles is 14 degrees, which is consistent with the MPS results and could satisfy the system requirements for colored imaging. The experimental evaluation showed that the magnetoelectric sensor and the proposed approach could be potential candidates for color bio-imaging applications.
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5
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Liu Y, Hui H, Liu S, Li G, Zhang B, Zhong J, An Y, Tian J. Weighted sum of harmonic signals for direct imaging in magnetic particle imaging. Phys Med Biol 2022; 68. [PMID: 36573436 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aca9b9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective.Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a novel radiation-free medical imaging modality that can directly image superparamagnetic iron oxide tracers (SPIOs) with high sensitivity, temporal resolution, and good spatial resolution. The MPI reconstruction task can be formulated mathematically as a Fredholm integral problem, but the concrete inversion is not easily possible because of the particle dynamics or scanner issues. Measurement based system matrix inversion takes these factors into account, but prior measurement and calibration are time consuming.Approach.We proposed a direct imaging method based on the weighted sum of harmonic signals. The harmonic signals with spatial information are obtained by the short-time Fourier transform, and odd harmonic components are selected for recombination and then mapped to the sampling trajectory to image the concentration distribution of SPIOs. In addition, we adopt a normalized-weighted sum of harmonics to improve the resolution of the native image.Main results.The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation imaging experiments and our in-house scanner-based experiments. Quantitative evaluation results show that compared with traditional methods, the structural similarity improved by 48%, mean square error decreased by 88%, and signal-to-artifact ratio increased by 2.5 times.Significance.The proposed method can rapidly image the concentration distribution of nanoparticles without any prior calibration measurements and reduce the blur of MPI images without deconvolution, which has the potential to be implemented as a multi-patch imaging method in MPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Liu
- School of Engineering Medicine & School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine (Beihang University), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Hui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, People's Republic of China
| | - Sijia Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.,School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Li
- School of Engineering Medicine & School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine (Beihang University), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Engineering Medicine & School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine (Beihang University), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhong
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu An
- School of Engineering Medicine & School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine (Beihang University), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Tian
- School of Engineering Medicine & School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine (Beihang University), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.,School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China.,Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, People's Republic of China
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6
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Yang X, Shao G, Zhang Y, Wang W, Qi Y, Han S, Li H. Applications of Magnetic Particle Imaging in Biomedicine: Advancements and Prospects. Front Physiol 2022; 13:898426. [PMID: 35846005 PMCID: PMC9285659 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.898426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a novel emerging noninvasive and radiation-free imaging modality that can quantify superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles tracers. The zero endogenous tissue background signal and short image scanning times ensure high spatial and temporal resolution of MPI. In the context of precision medicine, the advantages of MPI provide a new strategy for the integration of the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. In this review, after a brief explanation of the simplified theory and imaging system, we focus on recent advances in the biomedical application of MPI, including vascular structure and perfusion imaging, cancer imaging, the MPI guidance of magnetic fluid hyperthermia, the visual monitoring of cell and drug treatments, and intraoperative navigation. We finally optimize MPI in terms of the system and tracers, and present future potential biomedical applications of MPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yanyan Zhang
- Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Qi
- Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Han
- Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjun Li
- Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Hongjun Li,
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7
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Lu C, Han L, Wang J, Wan J, Song G, Rao J. Engineering of magnetic nanoparticles as magnetic particle imaging tracers. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:8102-8146. [PMID: 34047311 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00260g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) has recently emerged as a promising non-invasive imaging technique because of its signal linearly propotional to the tracer mass, ability to generate positive contrast, low tissue background, unlimited tissue penetration depth, and lack of ionizing radiation. The sensitivity and resolution of MPI are highly dependent on the properties of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), and extensive research efforts have been focused on the design and synthesis of tracers. This review examines parameters that dictate the performance of MNPs, including size, shape, composition, surface property, crystallinity, the surrounding environment, and aggregation state to provide guidance for engineering MPI tracers with better performance. Finally, we discuss applications of MPI imaging and its challenges and perspectives in clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Linbo Han
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, P. R. China
| | - Joanna Wang
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, California 94305-5484, USA.
| | - Jiacheng Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Guosheng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Jianghong Rao
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, California 94305-5484, USA.
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8
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Pohanka M. Biosensors and Bioanalytical Devices based on Magnetic Particles: A Review. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2828-2841. [PMID: 32744958 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200730213721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic particles play an important role in current technology, and this field of technology extends to a broader progression. The term magnetic particles typically cover the paramagnetic particles and super-paramagnetic particles. Various materials like iron oxide are common, but other materials are available as well; a survey of such materials has been included in this work. They can serve for technological purposes like separation and isolation of chemical products or toxic waste, their use in the diagnosis of pathologies, drug delivery and other similar applications. In this review, biosensors, bioanalytical devices and bioassays, have been discussed. Materials for magnetic particles preparation, methods of assay, biosensors and bioassays working in stationary as well as flow-through arrangements are described here. A survey of actual literature has been provided as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Pohanka
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, Hradec Kralove CZ-50001, Czech Republic
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9
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Chinchilla C, McDonough C, Negash A, Pagan J, Tonyushkin A. 2D projection image reconstruction for field free line single-sided magnetic particle imaging scanner: simulation studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON MAGNETIC PARTICLE IMAGING 2021; 7:2104001. [PMID: 34395823 PMCID: PMC8360344 DOI: 10.18416/ijmpi.2021.2104001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic Particle Imaging is an imaging modality that exploits the nonlinear response of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles to a time-varying magnetic field. In the past years, various scanner topologies have been proposed, which includes a single-sided scanner. Such a scanner features all its hardware located on one side, offering accessibility without limitations due to the size of the object of interest. In this paper, we present a proof of concept image reconstruction simulation studies for a single-sided field-free line scanner utilizing non-uniform magnetic fields. Specifically, we implemented a filtered backprojection algorithm allowing a 2D image reconstruction over a field of view of 4 × 4 cm2 with a spatial resolution of up to 2 mm for noiseless case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Chinchilla
- Physics Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, USA
- Medical Engineering Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Chris McDonough
- Physics Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, USA
| | - Amanuel Negash
- Physics Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, USA
| | - Jason Pagan
- Physics Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, USA
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10
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Tang X, Suddarth S, Qian G, Garwood M. Ultra-low frequency EPR using longitudinal detection and fictitious-field modulation. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2020; 321:106855. [PMID: 33186882 PMCID: PMC7718292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
When viewed in a rotating frame of reference, a transverse-plane radiofrequency (RF) field manifests as a longitudinal field component called the fictitious field. By modulating the RF field and thus the fictitious field, detectable longitudinal magnetization patterns have previously been shown to be measurable. By combining fictitious-field modulation and longitudinal detection, here we demonstrate EPR spectroscopy and one-dimensional imaging in a custom-built longitudinal detection system operating at an ultra-low frequency (24 MHz) for detecting electron spins with short (~nanoseconds) relaxation times. Simultaneous transmit and receive with low transmitter leakage level (~80 dB isolation) is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Tang
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, 2021 6(th) Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Steven Suddarth
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, 2021 6(th) Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Guhan Qian
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, 2021 6(th) Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Michael Garwood
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, 2021 6(th) Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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11
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You H, Shang W, Min X, Weinreb J, Li Q, Leapman M, Wang L, Tian J. Sight and switch off: Nerve density visualization for interventions targeting nerves in prostate cancer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaax6040. [PMID: 32076639 PMCID: PMC7002130 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax6040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nerve density is associated with prostate cancer (PCa) aggressiveness and prognosis. Thus far, no visualization methods have been developed to assess nerve density of PCa in vivo. We compounded propranolol-conjugated superparamagnetic iron oxide nerve peptide nanoparticles (PSN NPs), which achieved the nerve density visualization of PCa with high sensitivity and high specificity, and facilitated assessment of nerve density and aggressiveness of PCa using magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic particle imaging. Moreover, PSN NPs facilitated targeted therapy for PCa. PSN NPs increased the survival rate of mice with orthotopic PCa to 83.3% and decreased nerve densities and proliferation indexes by more than twofold compared with the control groups. The present study, thus, developed a technology to visualize the nerve density of PCa and facilitate targeted neural drug delivery to tumors to efficiently inhibit PCa progression. Our study provides a potential basis for clinical imaging and therapeutic interventions targeting nerves in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan You
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wenting Shang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Corresponding author. (W.S.); (L.W.); (J.T.)
| | - Xiangde Min
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jeffrey Weinreb
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 208042, USA
| | - Qiubai Li
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Michael Leapman
- Department of Urology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT208042, USA
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
- Corresponding author. (W.S.); (L.W.); (J.T.)
| | - Jie Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Corresponding author. (W.S.); (L.W.); (J.T.)
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12
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Position and Direction Tracking of a Magnetic Object Based on an M x-Atomic Magnetometer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1294. [PMID: 31992759 PMCID: PMC6987138 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57923-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Remote and non-invasive tracking of a moving magnetic object based on an atomic magnetometer has been developed recently. The sensitivity of atomic magnetometers is limited by mechanisms that relax the spin precession of alkali atoms. Meanwhile, some of these mechanisms such as magnetic field gradient are applicable in magnetic object tracking. Correspondingly, we have illustrated a way of operating an Mx atomic magnetometer to measure the magnetic field and its gradient simultaneously for a moving magnetic microwire, which resulted in recording a spike-like signal. We described the dependency of the signal on the position, velocity, and direction of the microwire. According to the results, the measurement of the inhomogeneous local magnetic field gradient opens new ways for obtaining the direction of the velocity of magnetic objects accessible in cells with large sizes. Furthermore, the accuracy of the velocimetry was found as 40 µm/s which could be an important means for assessing the microvascular blood flow.
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13
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Shi Y, Jyoti D, Gordon-Wylie SW, Weaver JB. Quantification of magnetic nanoparticles by compensating for multiple environment changes simultaneously. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:195-200. [PMID: 31807744 PMCID: PMC6936736 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr08258a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The quantification of magnetic nanoparticles is important for many applications, especially for in vivo biosensing. The magnetization harmonics used in spectroscopy of magnetic nanoparticles can be used to estimate nanoparticle number or weight. However, other effects such as temperature or relaxation time change can also influence the nanoparticle magnetization. Therefore, it is necessary to compensate for these factors when estimating the amount of magnetic nanoparticles. This paper shows through simulation that a two-dimensional scaling method can be used to improve the accuracy of nanoparticle quantification, especially when multiple effects are present which can influence the nanoparticle magnetization. Finally, an experiment was performed on a Magnetic Spectroscopy of Brownian motion (MSB) apparatus to demonstrate this method, and nanoparticle weight was determined with a mean error of 1.3 ng (1.81%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Shi
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
| | - Dhrubo Jyoti
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, LebanonNH 03756, USA
| | | | - John B Weaver
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, LebanonNH 03756, USA and Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA and Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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14
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Principles of Magnetic Hyperthermia: A Focus on Using Multifunctional Hybrid Magnetic Nanoparticles. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry5040067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hyperthermia is a noninvasive method that uses heat for cancer therapy where high temperatures have a damaging effect on tumor cells. However, large amounts of heat need to be delivered, which could have negative effects on healthy tissues. Thus, to minimize the negative side effects on healthy cells, a large amount of heat must be delivered only to the tumor cells. Magnetic hyperthermia (MH) uses magnetic nanoparticles particles (MNPs) that are exposed to alternating magnetic field (AMF) to generate heat in local regions (tissues or cells). This cancer therapy method has several advantages, such as (a) it is noninvasive, thus requiring surgery, and (b) it is local, and thus does not damage health cells. However, there are several issues that need to achieved: (a) the MNPs should be biocompatible, biodegradable, with good colloidal stability (b) the MNPs should be successfully delivered to the tumor cells, (c) the MNPs should be used with small amounts and thus MNPs with large heat generation capabilities are required, (d) the AMF used to heat the MNPs should meet safety conditions with limited frequency and amplitude ranges, (e) the changes of temperature should be traced at the cellular level with accurate and noninvasive techniques, (f) factors affecting heat transport from the MNPs to the cells must be understood, and (g) the effect of temperature on the biological mechanisms of cells should be clearly understood. Thus, in this multidisciplinary field, research is needed to investigate these issues. In this report, we shed some light on the principles of heat generation by MNPs in AMF, the limitations and challenges of MH, and the applications of MH using multifunctional hybrid MNPs.
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15
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Zhu X, Li J, Peng P, Hosseini Nassab N, Smith BR. Quantitative Drug Release Monitoring in Tumors of Living Subjects by Magnetic Particle Imaging Nanocomposite. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:6725-6733. [PMID: 31498999 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In vivo drug release monitoring provides accurate and reliable information to guide drug dosing. Image-based strategies for in vivo monitoring are advantageous because they are non-invasive and provide visualization of the spatial distribution of drug, but those imaging modalities in use (e.g., fluorescence imaging (FI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) remain inadequate because of the low tissue penetration depth (for FI) or difficulty with quantification of release rate and signal convolution with noise sources (for MRI). Magnetic particle imaging (MPI), employing superparamagnetic nanoparticles as the contrast agent and sole signal source, enables large tissue penetration and quantifiable signal intensity. These properties make it ideal for application to in vivo drug release monitoring. In this work, we design a superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanocluster@poly(lactide-co-glycolide acid) core-shell nanocomposite loaded with a chemotherapy drug (doxorubicin) which serves as a dual drug delivery system and MPI quantification tracer. The as-prepared nanocomposite can degrade under a mild acidic microenvironment (pH = 6.5), which induces a sustained release of doxorubicin and gradual decomposition of the Fe3O4 nanocluster, causing the MPI signal changes. We showed that nanocomposite-induced MPI signal changes display a linear correlation with the release rate of doxorubicin over time (R2 = 0.99). Utilizing this phenomenon, we successfully established quantitative monitoring of the release process in cell culture. We then performed in vivo drug release monitoring in a cancer therapy setting using a murine breast cancer model by injecting the nanocomposite, monitoring the drug release, and assessing the induced tumor cell kill. This study provides an improved solution for in vivo drug release monitoring compared to other available monitoring strategies. This translational strategy using a biocompatible polymer-coated iron oxide nanocomposite will be promising in future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjun Zhu
- Department of Radiology , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Peng Peng
- Department of Radiology , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Niloufar Hosseini Nassab
- Department of Radiology , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Bryan Ronain Smith
- Department of Radiology , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Michigan State University , East Lansing , Michigan 48823 , United States
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Ozaslan AA, Alacaoglu A, Demirel OB, Çukur T, Saritas EU. Fully automated gridding reconstruction for non-Cartesian x-space magnetic particle imaging. Phys Med Biol 2019; 64:165018. [PMID: 31342922 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab3525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a fast emerging biomedical imaging modality that exploits the nonlinear response of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles to image their spatial distribution. Previously, various scanning trajectories were analyzed for the system function reconstruction (SFR) approach, providing important insight regarding their image quality performances. While Cartesian trajectories remain the most popular choice for x-space-based reconstruction, recent work suggests that non-Cartesian trajectories such as the Lissajous trajectory may prove beneficial for improving image quality. In this work, we propose a generalized reconstruction scheme for x-space MPI that can be used in conjunction with any scanning trajectory. The proposed technique automatically tunes the reconstruction parameters from the scanning trajectory, and does not induce any additional blurring. To demonstrate the proposed technique, we utilize five different trajectories with varying density levels. Comparison to alternative reconstruction methods show significant improvement in image quality achieved by the proposed technique. Among the tested trajectories, the Lissajous and bidirectional Cartesian trajectories prove more favorable for x-space MPI, and the resolution of the images from these two trajectories can further be improved via deblurring. The proposed fully automated gridding reconstruction can be utilized with these trajectories to improve the image quality in x-space MPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Ozaslan
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey. National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
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Tracking the Growth of Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles with an In-Situ Magnetic Particle Spectrometer (INSPECT). Sci Rep 2019; 9:10538. [PMID: 31332261 PMCID: PMC6646392 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46882-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy (MPS) is a measurement technique to determine the magnetic properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) in an oscillating magnetic field as applied in Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI). State of the art MPS devices are solely capable of measuring the magnetization response of the SPIONs to an oscillatory magnetic excitation retrospectively, i.e. after the synthesis process. In this contribution, a novel in-situ magnetic particle spectrometer (INSPECT) is presented, which can be used to monitor the entire synthesis process from particle genesis via growth to the stable colloidal suspension of the nanoparticles in real time. The device is suitable for the use in a biochemistry environment. It has a chamber size of 72 mm such that a 100 ml reaction flask can be used for synthesis. For an alkaline-based precipitation, the change of magnetic properties of SPIONs during the nucleation and growth phase of the synthesis is demonstrated. The device is able to record the changes in the amplitude and phase spectra, and, in turn, the hysteresis. Hence, it is a powerful tool for an in-depth understanding of the nanoparticle formation dynamics during the synthesis process.
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18
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Salim S, Jamil MMA, Sadiq AA, Noor NAM, Rahman NAA, Othman N. Single-sided magnetic particle imaging using perimag magnetic nanoparticles. APPLIED PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER (APCOM 2019) 2019. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5118127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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19
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Complex Magnetization Harmonics of Polydispersive Magnetic Nanoclusters. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8060424. [PMID: 29891808 PMCID: PMC6027232 DOI: 10.3390/nano8060424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding magnetic interparticle interactions within a single hydrodynamic volume of polydispersed magnetic nanoparticles and the resulting nonlinear magnetization properties is critical for their implementation in magnetic theranostics. However, in general, the field-dependent static and dynamic magnetization measurements may only highlight polydispersity effects including magnetic moment and size distributions. Therefore, as a complement to such typical analysis of hysteretic magnetization curves, we spectroscopically examined the complex magnetization harmonics of magnetic nanoclusters either dispersed in a liquid medium or immobilized by a hydrocolloid polymer, later to emphasize the harmonic characteristics for different core sizes. In the case of superparamagnetic nanoclusters with a 4-nm primary size, particularly, we correlated the negative quadrature components of the third-harmonic susceptibility with an insignificant cluster rotation induced by the oscillatory field. Moreover, the field-dependent in-phase components appear to be frequency-independent, suggesting a weak damping effect on the moment dynamics. The characteristic of the Néel time constant further supports this argument by showing a smaller dependence on the applied dc bias field, in comparison to that of larger cores. These findings show that the complex harmonic components of the magnetization are important attributes to the interacting cores of a magnetic nanocluster.
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20
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Cooley CZ, Mandeville JB, Mason EE, Mandeville ET, Wald LL. Rodent Cerebral Blood Volume (CBV) changes during hypercapnia observed using Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) detection. Neuroimage 2018; 178:713-720. [PMID: 29738908 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is a rapidly developing imaging modality that directly measures and maps the concentration of injected superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs). Since the agent does not cross the blood-brain barrier, cerebral SPIO concentration provides a direct probe of Cerebral Blood Volume (CBV). Here we provide an initial demonstration of the ability of MPI to detect functional CBV changes (fCBV) by monitoring SPIO concentration during hypercapnic manipulation in a rat model. As a tracer detection method, MPI offers a more direct probe of agent concentration and therefore fCBV than MRI measurements in which the agent is indirectly detected through perturbation of water relaxation time constants such as T2∗. We found that MPI detection could measure CBV changes during hypercapnia with high CNR (CNR = 50) and potentially with high temporal resolution. Although the detection process more closely resembles a tracer method, we also identify evidence of physiological noise in the MPI time-series, with higher time-series variance at higher concentration levels. Our findings suggest that CBV-based MPI can provide a detection modality for hemodynamic changes. Further investigation with tomographic imaging is needed to assess tomographic ability of the method and further study the presence of time-series fluctuations which scale with signal level similar to physiological noise in resting fMRI time-courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Zimmerman Cooley
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.
| | - Joseph B Mandeville
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Erica E Mason
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Emiri T Mandeville
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lawrence L Wald
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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21
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Zheng B, Yu E, Orendorff R, Lu K, Konkle JJ, Tay ZW, Hensley D, Zhou XY, Chandrasekharan P, Saritas EU, Goodwill PW, Hazle JD, Conolly SM. Seeing SPIOs Directly In Vivo with Magnetic Particle Imaging. Mol Imaging Biol 2018; 19:385-390. [PMID: 28396973 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-017-1081-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a new molecular imaging technique that directly images superparamagnetic tracers with high image contrast and sensitivity approaching nuclear medicine techniques-but without ionizing radiation. Since its inception, the MPI research field has quickly progressed in imaging theory, hardware, tracer design, and biomedical applications. Here, we describe the history and field of MPI, outline pressing challenges to MPI technology and clinical translation, highlight unique applications in MPI, and describe the role of the WMIS MPI Interest Group in collaboratively advancing MPI as a molecular imaging technique. We invite interested investigators to join the MPI Interest Group and contribute new insights and innovations to the MPI field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Elaine Yu
- Department of Bioengineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Orendorff
- Department of Bioengineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kuan Lu
- Triple Ring Technologies, Newark, CA, USA
| | | | - Zhi Wei Tay
- Department of Bioengineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Hensley
- Department of Bioengineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Magnetic Insight, Alameda, CA, USA
| | - Xinyi Y Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Emine U Saritas
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - John D Hazle
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steven M Conolly
- Department of Bioengineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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22
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Prévot G, Kauss T, Lorenzato C, Gaubert A, Larivière M, Baillet J, Laroche-Traineau J, Jacobin-Valat MJ, Adumeau L, Mornet S, Barthélémy P, Duonor-Cérutti M, Clofent-Sanchez G, Crauste-Manciet S. Iron oxide core oil-in-water nanoemulsion as tracer for atherosclerosis MPI and MRI imaging. Int J Pharm 2017; 532:669-676. [PMID: 28899764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE For early atherosclerosis imaging, magnetic oil-in-water nanoemulsion (NE) decorated with atheroma specific monoclonal antibody was designed for Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). MPI is an emerging technique based on direct mapping of superparamagnetic nanoparticles which may advantageously complement MRI. METHODS NE oily droplets were loaded with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles of 7, 11 and 18nm and biofunctionalized with atheroma specific scFv-Fc TEG4-2C antibody. RESULTS Inclusion of nanoparticles inside NE did not change the hydrodynamic diameter of the oil droplets, close to 180nm, nor the polydispersity. The droplets were negatively charged (ζ=-30mV). In vitro MPI signal was assessed by Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy (MPS). NE displayed MRI and MPS signals confirming its potential as new contrast agent. NE MPS signal increase with NPs size close to the gold standard (Resovist). In MRI, NE displayed R2* transversal relaxivity of 45.45, 96.04 and 218.81mM-1s-1 for 7, 11 and 18nm respectively. NE selectively bind atheroma plaque both in vitro and ex vivo in animal models of atherosclerosis. CONCLUSION Magnetic NE showed reasonable MRI/MPS signals and a significant labelling of the atheroma plaque. These preliminary results support that NE platform could selectively image atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Prévot
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, ARNA, ARN: Régulations Naturelle et Artificielle, ChemBioPharm, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Tina Kauss
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, ARNA, ARN: Régulations Naturelle et Artificielle, ChemBioPharm, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cyril Lorenzato
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5536, CRMSB, Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexandra Gaubert
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, ARNA, ARN: Régulations Naturelle et Artificielle, ChemBioPharm, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mélusine Larivière
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5536, CRMSB, Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie Baillet
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, ARNA, ARN: Régulations Naturelle et Artificielle, ChemBioPharm, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jeanny Laroche-Traineau
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5536, CRMSB, Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie Josée Jacobin-Valat
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5536, CRMSB, Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurent Adumeau
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, ICMCB, UPR 9048, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Stéphane Mornet
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, ICMCB, UPR 9048, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Philippe Barthélémy
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, ARNA, ARN: Régulations Naturelle et Artificielle, ChemBioPharm, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Gisèle Clofent-Sanchez
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5536, CRMSB, Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sylvie Crauste-Manciet
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, ARNA, ARN: Régulations Naturelle et Artificielle, ChemBioPharm, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
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23
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Graeser M, von Gladiss A, Weber M, Buzug TM. Two dimensional magnetic particle spectrometry. Phys Med Biol 2017; 62:3378-3391. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa5bcd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Absence of the Epithelial Glycocalyx As Potential Tumor Marker for the Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168801. [PMID: 28033349 PMCID: PMC5198998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Detection of cancer at an early stage is pivotal for successful treatment and long term survival, yet early diagnosis requires sensitive and specific markers that can be easily detected by screening procedures. Differences in the surface structure of tumor and healthy cells, if sufficiently pronounced and discernible, may serve that purpose. We analyzed the luminal surface of healthy and neoplastic human colorectal tissues for the presence and architecture of the glycocalyx—a dense network of highly glycosylated proteins—using transmission electron microscopy. The ultrastructural analyses showed that 93% of healthy mucosae were covered by an intact glycocalyx. Contrarily, on over 90% of the surface of neoplastic cells the glycocalyx was absent. The sensitivity and specificity of our marker “absence of a glycocalyx” are excellent, being 91% (83–96%) and 96% (89–99%) for adenocarcinomas and 94% (73–100%) and 92% (85–97%) for precancerous polyps (means and 95% confidence intervals). Using a cell culture model we could demonstrate that a particulate probe targeting a cell surface receptor usually concealed beneath the glycocalyx can bind selectively to glycocalyx-free areas of a tumor cell layer. We propose that the absence of a glycocalyx may serve as novel type of tumor marker. If the absence of the glycocalyx can be detected e.g. via binding of imaging probes to non-shielded surface receptors of anomalously differentiated cells, this tumor marker could be used to enable early diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
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25
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An Analytical Approach for Fast Recovery of the LSI Properties in Magnetic Particle Imaging. Int J Biomed Imaging 2016; 2016:6120713. [PMID: 27847513 PMCID: PMC5101409 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6120713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Linearity and shift invariance (LSI) characteristics of magnetic particle imaging (MPI) are important properties for quantitative medical diagnosis applications. The MPI image equations have been theoretically shown to exhibit LSI; however, in practice, the necessary filtering action removes the first harmonic information, which destroys the LSI characteristics. This lost information can be constant in the x-space reconstruction method. Available recovery algorithms, which are based on signal matching of multiple partial field of views (pFOVs), require much processing time and a priori information at the start of imaging. In this paper, a fast analytical recovery algorithm is proposed to restore the LSI properties of the x-space MPI images, representable as an image of discrete concentrations of magnetic material. The method utilizes the one-dimensional (1D) x-space imaging kernel and properties of the image and lost image equations. The approach does not require overlapping of pFOVs, and its complexity depends only on a small-sized system of linear equations; therefore, it can reduce the processing time. Moreover, the algorithm only needs a priori information which can be obtained at one imaging process. Considering different particle distributions, several simulations are conducted, and results of 1D and 2D imaging demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
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Haegele J, Panagiotopoulos N, Cremers S, Rahmer J, Franke J, Duschka RL, Vaalma S, Heidenreich M, Borgert J, Borm P, Barkhausen J, Vogt FM. Magnetic Particle Imaging: A Resovist Based Marking Technology for Guide Wires and Catheters for Vascular Interventions. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2016; 35:2312-2318. [PMID: 27164580 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2016.2559538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is able to provide high temporal and good spatial resolution, high signal to noise ratio and sensitivity. Furthermore, it is a truly quantitative method as its signal strength is proportional to the concentration of its tracer, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs), over a wide range practically relevant concentrations. Thus, MPI is proposed as a promising future method for guidance of vascular interventions. To implement this, devices such as guide wires and catheters have to be discernible in MPI, which can be achieved by coating already commercially available devices with SPIOs. In this proof of principle study the feasibility of that approach is demonstrated. First, a Ferucarbotran-based SPIO-varnish was developed by embedding Ferucarbotran into an organic based solvent. Subsequently, the biocompatible varnish was applied to a commercially available guidewire and diagnostic catheter for vascular interventional purposes. In an interventional setting using a vessel phantom, the coating proved to be mechanically and chemically stable and thin enough to ensure normal handling as with uncoated devices. The devices were visualized in 3D on a preclinical MPI demonstrator using a system function based image reconstruction process. The system function was acquired with a probe of the dried varnish prior to the measurements. The devices were visualized with a very high temporal resolution and a simple catheter/guide wire maneuver was demonstrated.
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27
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Tay ZW, Goodwill PW, Hensley DW, Taylor LA, Zheng B, Conolly SM. A High-Throughput, Arbitrary-Waveform, MPI Spectrometer and Relaxometer for Comprehensive Magnetic Particle Optimization and Characterization. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34180. [PMID: 27686629 PMCID: PMC5043240 DOI: 10.1038/srep34180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is a promising new tracer modality with zero attenuation deep in tissue, high contrast and sensitivity, and an excellent safety profile. However, the spatial resolution of MPI is limited to around 1 mm currently and urgently needs to be improved for clinical applications such as angiography and brain perfusion. Although MPI resolution is highly dependent on tracer characteristics and the drive waveforms, optimization is limited to a small subset of possible excitation strategies by current MPI hardware that only does sinusoidal drive waveforms at very few frequencies. To enable a more comprehensive and rapid optimization of drive waveforms for multiple metrics like resolution and signal strength simultaneously, we demonstrate the first untuned MPI spectrometer/relaxometer with unprecedented 400 kHz excitation bandwidth and capable of high-throughput acquisition of harmonic spectra (100 different drive-field frequencies in only 500 ms). It is also capable of arbitrary drive-field waveforms which have not been experimentally evaluated in MPI to date. Its high-throughput capability, frequency-agility and tabletop size makes this Arbitrary Waveform Relaxometer/Spectrometer (AWR) a convenient yet powerfully flexible tool for nanoparticle experts seeking to characterize magnetic particles and optimize MPI drive waveforms for in vitro biosensing and in vivo imaging with MPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wei Tay
- Department of Bioengineering, 340 Hearst Memorial Mining Building, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Patrick W. Goodwill
- Department of Bioengineering, 340 Hearst Memorial Mining Building, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Magnetic Insight, Inc. 980 Atlantic Avenue Suite102 Alameda, CA 9450, USA
| | - Daniel W. Hensley
- Department of Bioengineering, 340 Hearst Memorial Mining Building, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Laura A. Taylor
- Department of Bioengineering, 340 Hearst Memorial Mining Building, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Bo Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering, 340 Hearst Memorial Mining Building, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Steven M. Conolly
- Department of Bioengineering, 340 Hearst Memorial Mining Building, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, 253 Cory Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Haegele J, Vaalma S, Panagiotopoulos N, Barkhausen J, Vogt FM, Borgert J, Rahmer J. Multi-color magnetic particle imaging for cardiovascular interventions. Phys Med Biol 2016; 61:N415-26. [PMID: 27476675 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/61/16/n415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) uses magnetic fields to visualize the spatial distribution of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs). Guidance of cardiovascular interventions is seen as one possible application of MPI. To safely guide interventions, the vessel lumen as well as all required interventional devices have to be visualized and be discernible from each other. Until now, different tracer concentrations were used for discerning devices from blood in MPI, because only one type of SPIO could be imaged at a time. Recently, it was shown for 3D MPI that it is possible to separate different signal sources in one volume of interest, i.e. to visualize and discern different SPIOs or different binding states of the same SPIO. The approach was termed multi-color MPI. In this work, the use of multi-color MPI for differentiation of a SPIO coated guide wire (Terumo Radifocus 0.035″) from the lumen of a vessel phantom filled with diluted Resovist is demonstrated. This is achieved by recording dedicated system functions of the coating material containing solid Resovist and of liquid Resovist, which allows separation of their respective signal in the image reconstruction process. Assigning a color to the different signal sources results in a differentiation of guide wire and vessel phantom lumen into colored images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Haegele
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
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Hong H, Lim EG, Jeong JC, Chang J, Shin SW, Krause HJ. Frequency Mixing Magnetic Detection Scanner for Imaging Magnetic Particles in Planar Samples. J Vis Exp 2016:53869. [PMID: 27341085 PMCID: PMC4927779 DOI: 10.3791/53869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The setup of a planar Frequency Mixing Magnetic Detection (p-FMMD) scanner for performing Magnetic Particles Imaging (MPI) of flat samples is presented. It consists of two magnetic measurement heads on both sides of the sample mounted on the legs of a u-shaped support. The sample is locally exposed to a magnetic excitation field consisting of two distinct frequencies, a stronger component at about 77 kHz and a weaker field at 61 Hz. The nonlinear magnetization characteristics of superparamagnetic particles give rise to the generation of intermodulation products. A selected sum-frequency component of the high and low frequency magnetic field incident on the magnetically nonlinear particles is recorded by a demodulation electronics. In contrast to a conventional MPI scanner, p-FMMD does not require the application of a strong magnetic field to the whole sample because mixing of the two frequencies occurs locally. Thus, the lateral dimensions of the sample are just limited by the scanning range and the supports. However, the sample height determines the spatial resolution. In the current setup it is limited to 2 mm. As examples, we present two 20 mm × 25 mm p-FMMD images acquired from samples with 1 µm diameter maghemite particles in silanol matrix and with 50 nm magnetite particles in aminosilane matrix. The results show that the novel MPI scanner can be applied for analysis of thin biological samples and for medical diagnostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyobong Hong
- Advanced Vision System Research Section, Electronics & Telecommunication Research Institute (ETRI);
| | - Eul-Gyoon Lim
- Intelligent Cognitive Technology Research Department, Electronics & Telecommunication Research Institute (ETRI)
| | - Jae-Chan Jeong
- Advanced Vision System Research Section, Electronics & Telecommunication Research Institute (ETRI)
| | - Jiho Chang
- Advanced Vision System Research Section, Electronics & Telecommunication Research Institute (ETRI)
| | - Sung-Woong Shin
- Intelligent Cognitive Technology Research Department, Electronics & Telecommunication Research Institute (ETRI)
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Grafe K, von Gladiss A, Bringout G, Ahlborg M, Buzug TM. 2D Images Recorded With a Single-Sided Magnetic Particle Imaging Scanner. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2016; 35:1056-1065. [PMID: 26701178 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2015.2507187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic Particle Imaging is a new medical imaging modality, which detects superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. The particles are excited by magnetic fields. Most scanners have a tube-like measurement field and therefore, both the field of view and the object size are limited. A single-sided scanner has the advantage that the object is not limited in size, only the penetration depth is limited. A single-sided scanner prototype for 1D imaging has been presented in 2009. Simulations have been published for a 2D single-sided scanner and first 1D measurements have been carried out. In this paper, the first 2D single-sided scanner prototype is presented and the first calibration-based reconstruction results of measured 2D phantoms are shown. The field free point is moved on a Lissajous trajectory inside a 30 × 30 mm2 area. Images of phantoms with a maximal distance of 10 mm perpendicular to the scanner surface have been reconstructed. Different cylindrically shaped holes of phantoms have been filled with 6.28 μl undiluted Resovist. After the measurement and image reconstruction of the phantoms, particle volumes could be distinguished with a distance of 2 mm and 6 mm in vertical and horizontal direction, respectively.
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31
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Construction of a device for magnetic separation of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/cdbme-2015-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractSuspensions of iron oxide particles, so called ferrofluids, are successfully used in various technical, biochemical and medical applications. For example they find use in the area of sensor engineering, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and especially magnetic particle imaging (MPI). MPI is a new tomographic imaging technique that determines the spatial distribution of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). Besides a very high spatial and temporal resolution MPI provides quantitative realtime imageing. The nanoparticles cause a magnetization change that can be measured. As the particle size distribution has a huge impact on the magnetization behavior is an important parameter for optimization. While synthesizing, SPIONs particles with various dimensions are formed what necessitates a systematically separation by size. For this purpose a construction of a simple device for magnetic separation of SPIONs has been developed. First attemps of separation show the potential of this method.
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Medimagh H, Weissert P, Bringout G, Bente K, Weber M, Gräfe K, Cordes A, Buzug Thorsten M. Artifacts in field free line magnetic particle imaging in the presence of inhomogeneous and nonlinear magnetic fields. CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/cdbme-2015-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is an emerging medical imaging modality that detects super-paramagnetic particles exploiting their nonlinear magnetization response. Spatial encoding can be realized using a Field Free Line (FFL), which is generated, rotated and translated through the Field of View (FOV) using a combination of magnetic gradient fields and homogeneous excitation fields. When scaling up systems and/or enlarging the FOV in comparison to the scanner bore, ensuring homogeneity and linearity of the magnetic fields becomes challenging. The present contribution describes the first comprehensive, systematic study on the influence of magnetic field imperfections in FFL MPI. Methods: In a simulation study, 14 different FFL scanner setups have been examined. Starting from an ideal scanner using perfect magnetic fields, defined imperfections have been introduced in a range of configurations (nonlinear gradient fields, inhomogeneous excitation fields, or inhomogeneous receive fields, or a combination thereof). In the first part of the study, the voltage induced in the receive channels parallel and perpendicular to the FFL translation have been studied for discrete FFL angles. In the second part, an imaging process has been simulated comparing different image reconstruction approaches. Results: The induced voltage signals demonstrate illustratively the effect of the magnetic field imperfections. In images reconstructed using a Radon-based approach, the magnetic field imperfections lead to pronounced artifacts, especially if a deconvolution using the point spread function is performed. In images reconstructed using a system function based approach, variations in local image quality become visible. Conclusion: For Radon-based image reconstruction in FFL MPI in the presence of inhomogeneous and nonlinear magnetic fields, artifact correction methods will have to be developed. In this regard, a first approach has recently been presented by another group. Further research is required to elucidate the influence of magnetic field imperfections in MPI using a system function based approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Medimagh
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Patrick Weissert
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Gael Bringout
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Klaas Bente
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Matthias Weber
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Ksenija Gräfe
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Aileen Cordes
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Luebeck, Germany
| | - M. Buzug Thorsten
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Luebeck, Germany
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Vasilakaki M, Binns C, Trohidou KN. Susceptibility losses in heating of magnetic core/shell nanoparticles for hyperthermia: a Monte Carlo study of shape and size effects. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:7753-62. [PMID: 25836990 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr07576e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing the heating properties of magnetic nanoparticles is of great importance for hyperthermia applications. Recent experimental results show that core/shell nanoparticles could give an increased specific absorption rate (SAR) compared to the magnetic oxide nanoparticles currently used. We have developed a modified phenomenological model based on the linear Néel-Brown relaxation model to calculate the SAR due to susceptibility losses in complex nanoparticles with ferromagnetic (FM) core/ferrimagnetic (FiM) shell morphology. We use the Monte Carlo (MC) simulation technique with the implementation of the Metropolis algorithm to investigate the effect of size and shape on the magnetisation behaviour of complex ferromagnetic/ferrimagnetic nanoparticles covered by a surfactant layer. The findings of our simulations are used as an input in our modified model for the calculation of the SAR. Our calculations show that for all the sizes and shapes the complex FM/FiM nanoparticles give higher SAR values than the pure ferrimagnetic ones due to their higher core saturation magnetisation. For all sizes the nanoparticles with the truncated cuboctahedral shape give the highest SAR values and the cubic ones the lowest ones. The decrease in the surfactant thickness results in an increase of the SAR values. Our results have the same characteristics as the available experimental data from Fe/Fe3O4 nanoparticles, confirming that the complex nanoparticles with core/shell morphology can optimise the heating properties for hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vasilakaki
- Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, NCSR "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens, Greece.
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Panagiotopoulos N, Duschka RL, Ahlborg M, Bringout G, Debbeler C, Graeser M, Kaethner C, Lüdtke-Buzug K, Medimagh H, Stelzner J, Buzug TM, Barkhausen J, Vogt FM, Haegele J. Magnetic particle imaging: current developments and future directions. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:3097-114. [PMID: 25960650 PMCID: PMC4411024 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s70488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a novel imaging method that was first proposed by Gleich and Weizenecker in 2005. Applying static and dynamic magnetic fields, MPI exploits the unique characteristics of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). The SPIONs’ response allows a three-dimensional visualization of their distribution in space with a superb contrast, a very high temporal and good spatial resolution. Essentially, it is the SPIONs’ superparamagnetic characteristics, the fact that they are magnetically saturable, and the harmonic composition of the SPIONs’ response that make MPI possible at all. As SPIONs are the essential element of MPI, the development of customized nanoparticles is pursued with the greatest effort by many groups. Their objective is the creation of a SPION or a conglomerate of particles that will feature a much higher MPI performance than nanoparticles currently available commercially. A particle’s MPI performance and suitability is characterized by parameters such as the strength of its MPI signal, its biocompatibility, or its pharmacokinetics. Some of the most important adjuster bolts to tune them are the particles’ iron core and hydrodynamic diameter, their anisotropy, the composition of the particles’ suspension, and their coating. As a three-dimensional, real-time imaging modality that is free of ionizing radiation, MPI appears ideally suited for applications such as vascular imaging and interventions as well as cellular and targeted imaging. A number of different theories and technical approaches on the way to the actual implementation of the basic concept of MPI have been seen in the last few years. Research groups around the world are working on different scanner geometries, from closed bore systems to single-sided scanners, and use reconstruction methods that are either based on actual calibration measurements or on theoretical models. This review aims at giving an overview of current developments and future directions in MPI about a decade after its first appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Panagiotopoulos
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Robert L Duschka
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mandy Ahlborg
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Gael Bringout
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Graeser
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | | | - Hanne Medimagh
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan Stelzner
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thorsten M Buzug
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jörg Barkhausen
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Florian M Vogt
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Julian Haegele
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
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35
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Bente K, Weber M, Graeser M, Sattel TF, Erbe M, Buzug TM. Electronic field free line rotation and relaxation deconvolution in magnetic particle imaging. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2015; 34:644-651. [PMID: 25350924 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2014.2364891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that magnetic particle imaging (MPI), an imaging method suggested in 2005, is capable of measuring the spatial distribution of magnetic nanoparticles. Since the particles can be administered as biocompatible suspensions, this method promises to perform well as a tracer-based medical imaging technique. It is capable of generating real-time images, which will be useful in interventional procedures, without utilizing any harmful radiation. To obtain a signal from the administered superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particles, a sinusoidal changing external homogeneous magnetic field is applied. To achieve spatial encoding, a gradient field is superimposed. Conventional MPI works with a spatial encoding field that features a field free point (FFP). To increase sensitivity, an improved spatial encoding field, featuring a field free line (FFL) can be used. Previous FFL scanners, featuring a 1-D excitation, could demonstrate the feasibility of the FFL-based MPI imaging process. In this work, an FFL-based MPI scanner is presented that features a 2-D excitation field and, for the first time, an electronic rotation of the spatial encoding field. Furthermore, the role of relaxation effects in MPI is starting to move to the center of interest. Nevertheless, no reconstruction schemes presented thus far include a dynamical particle model for image reconstruction. A first application of a model that accounts for relaxation effects in the reconstruction of MPI images is presented here in the form of a simplified, but well performing strategy for signal deconvolution. The results demonstrate the high impact of relaxation deconvolution on the MPI imaging process.
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36
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Lindemann A, Lüdtke-Buzug K, Fräderich BM, Gräfe K, Pries R, Wollenberg B. Biological impact of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for magnetic particle imaging of head and neck cancer cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:5025-40. [PMID: 25378928 PMCID: PMC4218924 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s63873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As a tomographic imaging technology, magnetic particle imaging (MPI) allows high spatial resolution and sensitivity, and the possibility to create real-time images by determining the spatial distribution of magnetic particles. To ensure a prospective biosafe application of UL-D (University of Luebeck-Dextran coated superparamagnetic nanoparticles), we evaluated the biocompatibility of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), their impact on biological properties, and their cellular uptake using head and neck squamous cancer cells (HNSCCs). Methods SPIONs that met specific MPI requirements were synthesized as tracers. Labeling and uptake efficiency were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and magnetic particle spectrometry. Flow cytometry, 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays, and real-time cell analyzer assays were used to investigate apoptosis, proliferation, and the cytokine response of SPION-labeled cells. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined using a fluorescent dye. Experimental results were compared to the contrast agent Resovist®, a standard agent used in MPI. Results UL-D nanoparticles and Resovist particles were taken up in vitro by HNSCCs via unspecific phagocytosis followed by cytosolic accumulation. To evaluate toxicity, flow cytometry analysis was performed; results showed that dose- and time-dependent administration of Resovist induced apoptosis whereas cell viability of UL-D-labeled cells was not altered. We observed decreased cell proliferation in response to increased SPION concentrations. An intracellular production of ROS could not be detected, suggesting that the particles did not cause oxidative stress. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukins IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1β were measured to distinguish inflammatory responses. Only the primary tumor cell line labeled with >0.5 mM Resovist showed a significant increase in IL-1β secretion. Conclusion Our data suggest that UL-D SPIONs are a promising tracer material for use in innovative tumor cell analysis in MPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Lindemann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | | | - Bianca M Fräderich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Ksenija Gräfe
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Ralph Pries
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Barbara Wollenberg
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
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37
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Borgert J, Schmidt JD, Schmale I, Bontus C, Gleich B, David B, Weizenecker J, Jockram J, Lauruschkat C, Mende O, Heinrich M, Halkola A, Bergmann J, Woywode O, Rahmer J. Perspectives on clinical magnetic particle imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 58:551-6. [PMID: 24025718 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2012-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
After realizing the worlds' first preclinical magnetic particle imaging (MPI) demonstrator, Philips is now realizing the worlds' first whole-body clinical prototype to prove the feasibility of MPI for clinical imaging. After a brief introduction of the basic MPI imaging process, this contribution presents an overview on the determining factors for key properties, i.e., spatial resolution, acquisition speed, sensitivity, and quantitativeness, and how these properties are influenced by scaling up from preclinical to clinical instrumentation. Furthermore, it is discussed how this scale up affects the physiological compatibility of the method as well as hardware parameters such as power requirements for drive field generation, selection and focus field generation, and the design of the receive chain of the MPI device.
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38
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Duschka RL, Wojtczyk H, Panagiotopoulos N, Haegele J, Bringout G, Buzug TM, Barkhausen J, Vogt FM. Safety measurements for heating of instruments for cardiovascular interventions in magnetic particle imaging (MPI) - first experiences. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2014; 5:79-93. [PMID: 24691388 DOI: 10.1260/2040-2295.5.1.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) has emerged as a new imaging method with the potential of delivering images of high spatial and temporal resolutions and free of ionizing radiation. Recent studies demonstrated the feasibility of differentiation between signal-generating and non-signal-generating devices in Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy (MPS) and visualization of commercially available catheters and guide-wires in MPI itself. Thus, MPI seems to be a promising imaging tool for cardiovascular interventions. Several commercially available catheters and guide-wires were tested in this study regarding heating. Heating behavior was correlated to the spectra generated by the devices and measured by the MPI. The results indicate that each instrument should be tested separately due to the wide spectrum of measured temperature changes of signal-generating instruments, which is up to 85°C in contrast to non-signal-generating devices. Development of higher temperatures seems to be a limitation for the use of these devices in cardiovascular interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Duschka
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Hanne Wojtczyk
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Panagiotopoulos
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Julian Haegele
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Gael Bringout
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Thorsten M Buzug
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Joerg Barkhausen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Florian M Vogt
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
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39
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Hong H, Lim J, Choi CJ, Shin SW, Krause HJ. Magnetic particle imaging with a planar frequency mixing magnetic detection scanner. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:013705. [PMID: 24517773 DOI: 10.1063/1.4861916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present the first experimental results of our planar-Frequency Mixing Magnetic Detection (p-FMMD) technique to obtain Magnetic Particles Imaging (MPI). The p-FMMD scanner consists of two magnetic measurement heads with intermediate space for the analysis of the sample. The magnetic signal originates from the nonlinear magnetization characteristics of superparamagnetic particles as in case of the usual MPI scanner. However, the detection principle is different. Standard MPI records the higher order harmonic response of particles at a field-free point or line. By contrast, FMMD records a sum-frequency component generated from both a high and a low frequency magnetic field incident on the magnetically nonlinear particles. As compared to conventional MPI scanner, there is no limit on the lateral dimensions of the sample; just the sample height is limited to 2 mm. In addition, the technique does not require a strong magnetic field or gradient because of the mixing of the two different frequencies. In this study, we acquired an 18 mm × 18 mm image of a string sample decorated with 100 nm diameter magnetic particles, using the p-FMMD technique. The results showed that it is feasible to use this novel MPI scanner for biological analysis and medical diagnostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyobong Hong
- Spatial Information Technology Research Section, Electronics & Telecommunication Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon 307-700, South Korea
| | - Jaeho Lim
- Spatial Information Technology Research Section, Electronics & Telecommunication Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon 307-700, South Korea
| | - Chel-Jong Choi
- School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Semiconductor Physics Research Center (SPRC), Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea
| | - Sung-Woong Shin
- Spatial Information Technology Research Section, Electronics & Telecommunication Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon 307-700, South Korea
| | - Hans-Joachim Krause
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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40
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Duschka RL, Haegele J, Panagiotopoulos N, Wojtczyk H, Barkhausen J, Vogt FM, Buzug TM, Lüdtke-Buzug K. Fundamentals and Potential of Magnetic Particle Imaging. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12410-013-9217-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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