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Grzyska U, Friedrich T, Haegele J, Buzug MT, Barkhausen J, Wegner F. Sicherheit eines neuen Stentdesigns hinsichtlich der Erwärmung in Magnetic Particle Imaging und Magnetresonanztomographie. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1749780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U Grzyska
- UKSH – Campus Lübeck, Klinik f. Radiologie u. Nuklearmedizin, Lübeck
| | - T Friedrich
- Fraunhofer Einrichtung für Individualisierte und Zell-basierte Medizintechnik, Lübeck
| | - J Haegele
- Zentrum für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin Rheinland, Dormagen
| | - M T Buzug
- Fraunhofer Einrichtung für Individualisierte und Zell-basierte Medizintechnik, Lübeck
| | - J Barkhausen
- Klinik für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck
| | - F Wegner
- Klinik für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck
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Wegner F, Lüdtke-Buzug K, Cremers S, Friedrich T, Sieren MM, Haegele J, Koch MA, Saritas EU, Borm P, Buzug TM, Barkhausen J, Ahlborg M. Bimodal Interventional Instrument Markers for Magnetic Particle Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Imaging—A Proof-of-Concept Study. Nanomaterials 2022; 12:nano12101758. [PMID: 35630979 PMCID: PMC9148153 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to develop instrument markers that are visible in both magnetic particle imaging (MPI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The instrument markers were based on two different magnetic nanoparticle types (synthesized in-house KLB and commercial Bayoxide E8706). Coatings containing one of both particle types were fabricated and measured with a magnetic particle spectrometer (MPS) to estimate their MPI performance. Coatings based on both particle types were then applied on a segment of a nonmetallic guidewire. Imaging experiments were conducted using a commercial, preclinical MPI scanner and a preclinical 1 tesla MRI system. MPI image reconstruction was performed based on system matrices measured with dried KLB and Bayoxide E8706 coatings. The bimodal markers were clearly visible in both methods. They caused circular signal voids in MRI and areas of high signal intensity in MPI. Both the signal voids as well as the areas of high signal intensity were larger than the real marker size. Images that were reconstructed with a Bayoxide E8706 system matrix did not show sufficient MPI signal. Instrument markers with bimodal visibility are essential for the perspective of monitoring cardiovascular interventions with MPI/MRI hybrid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Wegner
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 23562 Luebeck, Germany; (M.M.S.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-451-500-17001
| | - Kerstin Lüdtke-Buzug
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany; (K.L.-B.); (T.F.); (M.A.K.); (T.M.B.); (M.A.)
| | - Sjef Cremers
- Nano4Imaging, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (S.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Thomas Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany; (K.L.-B.); (T.F.); (M.A.K.); (T.M.B.); (M.A.)
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Individualized and Cell-Based Medical Engineering IMTE, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Malte M. Sieren
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 23562 Luebeck, Germany; (M.M.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Julian Haegele
- Zentrum für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, 04103 Dormagen, Germany;
| | - Martin A. Koch
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany; (K.L.-B.); (T.F.); (M.A.K.); (T.M.B.); (M.A.)
| | - Emine U. Saritas
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey;
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Paul Borm
- Nano4Imaging, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (S.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Thorsten M. Buzug
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany; (K.L.-B.); (T.F.); (M.A.K.); (T.M.B.); (M.A.)
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Individualized and Cell-Based Medical Engineering IMTE, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Joerg Barkhausen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 23562 Luebeck, Germany; (M.M.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Mandy Ahlborg
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany; (K.L.-B.); (T.F.); (M.A.K.); (T.M.B.); (M.A.)
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Individualized and Cell-Based Medical Engineering IMTE, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
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Grzyska U, Friedrich T, Sieren MM, Stahlberg E, Oechtering TH, Ahlborg M, Buzug TM, Frydrychowicz A, Barkhausen J, Haegele J, Wegner F. Heating of an Aortic Stent for Coarctation Treatment During Magnetic Particle Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Imaging-A Comparative In Vitro Study. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2021; 44:1109-1115. [PMID: 33723668 PMCID: PMC8189960 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-021-02795-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate heating of a redilatable stent for the treatment of aortic coarctation in neonates and small children in the new imaging modality magnetic particle imaging and established magnetic resonance imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cobalt-chromium stent (BabyStent, OSYPKA AG, Rheinfelden, Germany) has a stent design which allows for redilatation and adjustment of the diameter from 6 to 16 mm for a use in aortic coarctation. The stent loses its radial integrity while opening at predetermined breaking points at a diameter of 14 mm or 16 mm, respectively. We measured the temperature increase in the stent at different diameters during 7-min magnetic particle imaging and magnetic resonance imaging scans with fiber optic thermometers under static conditions surrounded by air. In magnetic particle imaging, stents with diameters from 6 to 16 mm were tested while in magnetic resonance imaging only stents with diameters of 6 mm and 14 mm were investigated exemplarily. RESULT In magnetic particle imaging, the measured temperature differences increased up to 4.7 K with growing diameters, whereas the opened stents with discontinuous struts at 14 and 16 mm showed only minimal heating of max. 0.5 K. In contrast to magnetic particle imaging, our measurements showed no heating of the stents during magnetic resonance imaging under identical conditions. CONCLUSION The BabyStent did show only slight heating in magnetic particle imaging and no detectable temperature increase in magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Grzyska
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Thomas Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Individualized and Cell-Based Medical Engineering, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Malte M Sieren
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Erik Stahlberg
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thekla H Oechtering
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mandy Ahlborg
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Individualized and Cell-Based Medical Engineering, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thorsten M Buzug
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Individualized and Cell-Based Medical Engineering, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alex Frydrychowicz
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Joerg Barkhausen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Julian Haegele
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
- Zentrum für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin Rheinland, Dormagen, Germany
| | - Franz Wegner
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
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Wegner F, von Gladiss A, Haegele J, Grzyska U, Sieren MM, Stahlberg E, Oechtering TH, Lüdtke-Buzug K, Barkhausen J, Buzug TM, Friedrich T. Magnetic Particle Imaging: In vitro Signal Analysis and Lumen Quantification of 21 Endovascular Stents. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:213-221. [PMID: 33469281 PMCID: PMC7810673 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s284694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Endovascular stents are medical devices, which are implanted in stenosed blood vessels to ensure sufficient blood flow. Due to a high rate of in-stent re-stenoses, there is the need of a noninvasive imaging method for the early detection of stent occlusion. The evaluation of the stent lumen with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is limited by material-induced artifacts. The purpose of this work is to investigate the potential of the tracer-based modality magnetic particle imaging (MPI) for stent lumen visualization and quantification. Methods In this in vitro study, 21 endovascular stents were investigated in a preclinical MPI scanner. Therefore, the stents were implanted in vessel phantoms. For the signal analysis, the phantoms were scanned without tracer material, and the signal-to-noise-ratio was analyzed. For the evaluation of potential artifacts and the lumen quantification, the phantoms were filled with diluted tracer agent. To calculate the stent lumen diameter a calibrated threshold value was applied. Results We can show that it is possible to visualize the lumen of a variety of endovascular stents without material induced artifacts, as the stents do not generate sufficient signals in MPI. The stent lumen quantification showed a direct correlation between the calculated and nominal diameter (r = 0.98). Conclusion In contrast to MRI and CT, MPI is able to visualize and quantify stent lumina very accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Wegner
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Julian Haegele
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Zentrum für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin Rheinland, Dormagen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Grzyska
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Malte Maria Sieren
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Erik Stahlberg
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | | | - Joerg Barkhausen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thorsten M Buzug
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Fraunhofer Research Institution for Individualized and Cell-Based Medical Engineering, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thomas Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Fraunhofer Research Institution for Individualized and Cell-Based Medical Engineering, Lübeck, Germany
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Vogt F, Hunold P, Haegele J, Stahlberg E, Barkhausen J, Goltz J. Comparison of the Revenue Situation in Interventional Radiology Based on the Example of Peripheral Artery Disease in the Case of a DRG Payment System and Various Internal Treatment Charges. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2018; 190:348-358. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-121471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Calculation of process-orientated costs for inpatient endovascular treatment of peripheral artery disease (PAD) from an interventional radiology (IR) perspective. Comparison of revenue situations in consideration of different ways to calculate internal treatment charges (ITCs) and diagnosis-related groups (DRG) for an independent IR department.
Materials and Methods Costs (personnel, operating, material, and indirect costs) for endovascular treatment of PAD patients in an inpatient setting were calculated on a full cost basis. These costs were compared to the revenue situation for IR for five different scenarios: 1) IR receives the total DRG amount. IR receives the following DRG shares using ITCs based on InEK shares for 2) “Radiology” cost center type, 3) “OP” cost center type, 4) “Radiology” and “OP” cost center type, and 5) based on DKG-NT (scale of charges of the German Hospital Society).
Results 78 patients (mean age: 68.6 ± 11.4y) with the following DRGs were evaluated: F59A (n = 6), F59B (n = 14), F59C (n = 20) and F59 D (n = 38). The length of stay for these DRG groups was 15.8 ± 12.1, 9.4 ± 7.8, 2.8 ± 3.7 and 3.4 ± 6.5 days Material costs represented the bulk of all costs, especially if new and complex endovascular procedures were performed. Revenues for neither InEK shares nor ITCs based on DKG-NT were high enough to cover material costs. Contribution margins for the five scenarios were 1 = € 1,539.29, 2 = € –1,775.31, 3 = € –2,579.41, 4 = € –963.43, 5 = € –2,687.22 in F59A, 1 = € –792.67, 2 = € –2,685.00, 3 = € –2,600.81, 4 = € –1,618.94, 5 = € –3,060.03 in F59B, 1 = € –879.87, 2 = € –2,633.14, 3 = € –3,001.07, 4 = € –1,952.33, 5 = € –3,136.24 in F59C and 1 = € 703.65, 2 = € –106.35, 3 = € –773.86, 4 = € 205.14, 5 = € –647.22 in F59 D. InEK shares return on average € 150 – 500 more than ITCs based on the DKG-NT catalog.
Conclusion In this study positive contribution margins were seen only if IR receives the complete DRG amount. InEK shares do not cover incurred costs, with material costs representing the main part of treatment costs. Internal treatment charges based on the DKG-NT catalog provide the worst cost coverage.
Key points
Citation Format
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Vogt
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Peter Hunold
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Julian Haegele
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Erik Stahlberg
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jörg Barkhausen
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan Goltz
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
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Wegner F, Friedrich T, Panagiotopoulos N, Valmaa S, Goltz JP, Vogt FM, Koch MA, Buzug TM, Barkhausen J, Haegele J. First heating measurements of endovascular stents in magnetic particle imaging. Phys Med Biol 2018; 63:045005. [PMID: 29334079 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aaa79c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Franz Wegner
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
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Vaalma S, Rahmer J, Panagiotopoulos N, Duschka RL, Borgert J, Barkhausen J, Vogt FM, Haegele J. Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI): Experimental Quantification of Vascular Stenosis Using Stationary Stenosis Phantoms. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168902. [PMID: 28056102 PMCID: PMC5215859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is able to provide high temporal and good spatial resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity. Furthermore, it is a truly quantitative method as its signal strength is proportional to the concentration of its tracer, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs). Because of that, MPI is proposed to be a promising future method for cardiovascular imaging. Here, an interesting application may be the quantification of vascular pathologies like stenosis by utilizing the proportionality of the SPIO concentration and the MPI signal strength. In this study, the feasibility of MPI based stenosis quantification is evaluated based on this application scenario. Nine different stenosis phantoms with a normal diameter of 10 mm each and different stenoses of 1–9 mm and ten reference phantoms with a straight diameter of 1–10 mm were filled with a 1% Resovist dilution and measured in a preclinical MPI-demonstrator. The MPI signal intensities of the reference phantoms were compared to each other and the change of signal intensity within each stenosis phantom was used to calculate the degree of stenosis. These values were then compared to the known diameters of each phantom. As a second measurement, the 5 mm stenosis phantom was used for a serial dilution measurement down to a Resovist dilution of 1:3200 (0.031%), which is lower than a first pass blood concentration of a Resovist bolus in the peripheral arteries of an average adult human of at least about 1:1000. The correlation of the stenosis values based on MPI signal intensity measurements and based on the known diameters showed a very good agreement, proving the high precision of quantitative MPI in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Vaalma
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jürgen Rahmer
- Research Laboratories, Philips Technologie GmbH Innovative Technologies, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Panagiotopoulos
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Robert L. Duschka
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jörn Borgert
- Research Laboratories, Philips Technologie GmbH Innovative Technologies, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Barkhausen
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Florian M. Vogt
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Julian Haegele
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Haegele J, Panagiotopoulos N, Cremers S, Rahmer J, Franke J, Duschka RL, Vaalma S, Heidenreich M, Borgert J, Borm P, Barkhausen J, Vogt FM. Magnetic Particle Imaging: A Resovist Based Marking Technology for Guide Wires and Catheters for Vascular Interventions. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2016; 35:2312-2318. [PMID: 27164580 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2016.2559538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is able to provide high temporal and good spatial resolution, high signal to noise ratio and sensitivity. Furthermore, it is a truly quantitative method as its signal strength is proportional to the concentration of its tracer, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs), over a wide range practically relevant concentrations. Thus, MPI is proposed as a promising future method for guidance of vascular interventions. To implement this, devices such as guide wires and catheters have to be discernible in MPI, which can be achieved by coating already commercially available devices with SPIOs. In this proof of principle study the feasibility of that approach is demonstrated. First, a Ferucarbotran-based SPIO-varnish was developed by embedding Ferucarbotran into an organic based solvent. Subsequently, the biocompatible varnish was applied to a commercially available guidewire and diagnostic catheter for vascular interventional purposes. In an interventional setting using a vessel phantom, the coating proved to be mechanically and chemically stable and thin enough to ensure normal handling as with uncoated devices. The devices were visualized in 3D on a preclinical MPI demonstrator using a system function based image reconstruction process. The system function was acquired with a probe of the dried varnish prior to the measurements. The devices were visualized with a very high temporal resolution and a simple catheter/guide wire maneuver was demonstrated.
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Haegele J, Vaalma S, Panagiotopoulos N, Barkhausen J, Vogt FM, Borgert J, Rahmer J. Multi-color magnetic particle imaging for cardiovascular interventions. Phys Med Biol 2016; 61:N415-26. [PMID: 27476675 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/61/16/n415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) uses magnetic fields to visualize the spatial distribution of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs). Guidance of cardiovascular interventions is seen as one possible application of MPI. To safely guide interventions, the vessel lumen as well as all required interventional devices have to be visualized and be discernible from each other. Until now, different tracer concentrations were used for discerning devices from blood in MPI, because only one type of SPIO could be imaged at a time. Recently, it was shown for 3D MPI that it is possible to separate different signal sources in one volume of interest, i.e. to visualize and discern different SPIOs or different binding states of the same SPIO. The approach was termed multi-color MPI. In this work, the use of multi-color MPI for differentiation of a SPIO coated guide wire (Terumo Radifocus 0.035″) from the lumen of a vessel phantom filled with diluted Resovist is demonstrated. This is achieved by recording dedicated system functions of the coating material containing solid Resovist and of liquid Resovist, which allows separation of their respective signal in the image reconstruction process. Assigning a color to the different signal sources results in a differentiation of guide wire and vessel phantom lumen into colored images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Haegele
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
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Panagiotopoulos N, Duschka RL, Ahlborg M, Bringout G, Debbeler C, Graeser M, Kaethner C, Lüdtke-Buzug K, Medimagh H, Stelzner J, Buzug TM, Barkhausen J, Vogt FM, Haegele J. Magnetic particle imaging: current developments and future directions. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:3097-114. [PMID: 25960650 PMCID: PMC4411024 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s70488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a novel imaging method that was first proposed by Gleich and Weizenecker in 2005. Applying static and dynamic magnetic fields, MPI exploits the unique characteristics of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). The SPIONs’ response allows a three-dimensional visualization of their distribution in space with a superb contrast, a very high temporal and good spatial resolution. Essentially, it is the SPIONs’ superparamagnetic characteristics, the fact that they are magnetically saturable, and the harmonic composition of the SPIONs’ response that make MPI possible at all. As SPIONs are the essential element of MPI, the development of customized nanoparticles is pursued with the greatest effort by many groups. Their objective is the creation of a SPION or a conglomerate of particles that will feature a much higher MPI performance than nanoparticles currently available commercially. A particle’s MPI performance and suitability is characterized by parameters such as the strength of its MPI signal, its biocompatibility, or its pharmacokinetics. Some of the most important adjuster bolts to tune them are the particles’ iron core and hydrodynamic diameter, their anisotropy, the composition of the particles’ suspension, and their coating. As a three-dimensional, real-time imaging modality that is free of ionizing radiation, MPI appears ideally suited for applications such as vascular imaging and interventions as well as cellular and targeted imaging. A number of different theories and technical approaches on the way to the actual implementation of the basic concept of MPI have been seen in the last few years. Research groups around the world are working on different scanner geometries, from closed bore systems to single-sided scanners, and use reconstruction methods that are either based on actual calibration measurements or on theoretical models. This review aims at giving an overview of current developments and future directions in MPI about a decade after its first appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Panagiotopoulos
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Robert L Duschka
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mandy Ahlborg
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Gael Bringout
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Graeser
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | | | - Hanne Medimagh
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan Stelzner
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thorsten M Buzug
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jörg Barkhausen
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Florian M Vogt
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Julian Haegele
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
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Oechtering T, Hons C, Haegele J, Hunold P, Scharfschwerdt M, Sievers H, Barkhausen J, Frydrychowicz A. 4D-Fluss-MRT: Analyse systolischer Druckverläufe in der Aortenwurzel bei Gesunden und Patienten mit Sinusprothese. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1550970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Duschka R, Panagiotopoulos N, Haegele J, Thorns C, Luedtke-Buzug K, Barkhausen J, Vogt F. Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI): Histopathologisches Korrelat des In-vivo-Tracersignals von Superparamegnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIOs) in verschiedenen Organen. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1550866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Nüchtern JV, Hartel MJ, Henes FO, Groth M, Jauch SY, Haegele J, Briem D, Hoffmann M, Lehmann W, Rueger JM, Großterlinden LG. Significance of clinical examination, CT and MRI scan in the diagnosis of posterior pelvic ring fractures. Injury 2015; 46:315-9. [PMID: 25527459 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2014.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with a fracture in the anterior pelvic ring often simultaneously demonstrate pain in the posterior pelvic ring. The aim of the present prospective study was to assess the sensitivity of CT, MRI and clinical examination in the detection of fractures in the posterior pelvic ring in patients with fractures of the anterior pelvic ring diagnosed in conventional radiographs. METHODS Sixty patients with radiographic signs of an anterior pelvic ring injury were included in this prospective analysis. Following a focused clinical examination of the posterior pelvis, all patients underwent both a CT and then a MRI scan of their pelvis. Two board certified radiologists evaluated the CT and MRI scans independently. To estimate the presence of osteoporosis the Hounsfield units of the vertebral body of L5 were measured in each case. RESULTS Fifty-three women and seven men, with a mean age of 74.7+/-15.6 years were included into the study. A fracture of the posterior pelvic ring was found in fourty-eight patients (80%) patients using MRI. Fractures of the posterior pelvic ring would have been missed in eight cases (17%), if only CT had been used. Eighty-five percent of the patients with a posterior fracture had an osteoporosis. The majority of the cases suffered from a low energy trauma. Thirty-eight patients (83%) with positive clinical signs at the posterior pelvic ring actually had a fracture of the posterior pelvic ring in the MRI. The clinical examination proved to be equally effective to CT in detecting posterior pelvic ring fractures. CONCLUSION The significance of both, clinical examination and CT was confirmed in the detection of fractures in the posterior pelvic ring. MRI examination of the pelvis however, was found to be superior in detecting undislocated fractures in a cohort of patients with a high incidence of osteoporosis. Using MRI may be beneficial in select cases, especially when reduced bone density is suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Nüchtern
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - M J Hartel
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F O Henes
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Groth
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Y Jauch
- Institute of Biomechanics, TUHH Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestrasse 15, 21079 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Haegele
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - D Briem
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Hoffmann
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - W Lehmann
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J M Rueger
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - L G Großterlinden
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Lüdtke-Buzug K, Haegele J, Biederer S, Sattel TF, Erbe M, Duschka RL, Barkhausen J, Vogt FM. Comparison of commercial iron oxide-based MRI contrast agents with synthesized high-performance MPI tracers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 58:527-33. [PMID: 23787462 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2012-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) recently emerged as a new tomographic imaging method directly visualizing the amount and location of superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SPIOs) with high spatial resolution. To fully exploit the imaging performance of MPI, specific requirements are demanded on the SPIOs. Most important, a sufficiently high number of detectable harmonics of the receive signal spectrum is required. In this study, an assessment of commercial iron oxide-based MRI contrast agents is carried out, and the result is compared with that of a new self-synthesized high-performance MPI tracer. The decay of the harmonics is measured with a magnetic particle spectrometer (MPS). For the self-synthesized carboxymethyldextran-coated SPIO, it can be demonstrated that despite a small iron core diameter, the particle performance is as good as in Resovist, the best-performing commercial SPIO today. However, the self-synthesized particles show the lowest iron concentration compared with Resovist, Sinerem, and Endorem. As the iron dose will be an important issue in human MPI, the synthesis technique and the separation chain for self-synthesis will be pursued for further improvements. In evaluations carried out with MPS, it can be shown in this work that the quality of the self-synthesized nanoparticles outperforms the three commercial tracer materials when the decay of harmonics is normalized by the iron concentration. The results of this work emphasize the importance of producing highly uniform and monodisperse superparamagnetic particles contributing to lower application of tracer concentration, better sensitivity, or a higher spatial resolution.
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Duschka RL, Wojtczyk H, Panagiotopoulos N, Haegele J, Bringout G, Buzug TM, Barkhausen J, Vogt FM. Safety measurements for heating of instruments for cardiovascular interventions in magnetic particle imaging (MPI) - first experiences. J Healthc Eng 2014; 5:79-93. [PMID: 24691388 DOI: 10.1260/2040-2295.5.1.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) has emerged as a new imaging method with the potential of delivering images of high spatial and temporal resolutions and free of ionizing radiation. Recent studies demonstrated the feasibility of differentiation between signal-generating and non-signal-generating devices in Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy (MPS) and visualization of commercially available catheters and guide-wires in MPI itself. Thus, MPI seems to be a promising imaging tool for cardiovascular interventions. Several commercially available catheters and guide-wires were tested in this study regarding heating. Heating behavior was correlated to the spectra generated by the devices and measured by the MPI. The results indicate that each instrument should be tested separately due to the wide spectrum of measured temperature changes of signal-generating instruments, which is up to 85°C in contrast to non-signal-generating devices. Development of higher temperatures seems to be a limitation for the use of these devices in cardiovascular interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Duschka
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Hanne Wojtczyk
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Panagiotopoulos
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Julian Haegele
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Gael Bringout
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Thorsten M Buzug
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Joerg Barkhausen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Florian M Vogt
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
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Tonak J, Wobbe I, Duschka R, Haegele J, Barkhausen J, Goltz JP. Zuverlässigkeit und Genauigkeit des Pronator Quadratus Fettpolsterkomplexes zur Abschätzung des Schweregrades distaler Radiusfrakturen. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1373323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Haegele J, Duschka RL, Graeser M, Schaecke C, Panagiotopoulos N, Lüdtke-Buzug K, Buzug TM, Barkhausen J, Vogt FM. Magnetic particle imaging: kinetics of the intravascular signal in vivo. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:4203-9. [PMID: 25214784 PMCID: PMC4159390 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s49976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) uses magnetic fields to visualize superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO). Today, Resovist(®) is still the reference SPIO for MPI. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vivo blood half-life of two different types of Resovist (one from Bayer Pharma AG, and one from I'rom Pharmaceutical Co Ltd) in MPI. METHODS A Resovist concentration of 50 μmol/kg was injected into the ear artery of ten New Zealand White rabbits. Five animals received Resovist distributed by I'rom Pharmaceutical Co Ltd and five received Resovist by Bayer Pharma AG. Blood samples were drawn before and directly after injection of Resovist, at 5, 10, and 15 minutes, and then every 15 minutes until 120 minutes after the injection. The MPI signal of the blood samples was evaluated using magnetic particle spectroscopy. RESULTS The average decline of the blood MPI signal from the two distributions differed significantly (P=0.0056). Resovist distributed by Bayer Pharma AG showed a slower decline of the MPI signal (39.7% after 5 minutes, 20.5% after 10 minutes, and 12.1% after 15 minutes) compared with Resovist produced by I'rom Pharmaceutical Co Ltd (20.4% after 5 minutes, 7.8% after 10 minutes, no signal above noise level after 15 minutes). CONCLUSION In MPI, the blood half-life of an SPIO tracer cannot be equalized to the blood half-life of its MPI signal. Resovist shows a very rapid decline of blood MPI signal and is thus not suitable as a long circulating tracer. For cardiovascular applications in MPI, it may be used as a bolus tracer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Haegele
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
- Correspondence: Julian Haegele, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, Tel +49 45 1500 6496, Fax +49 45 1500 6497, Email
| | - Robert L Duschka
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Matthias Graeser
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Catharina Schaecke
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Panagiotopoulos
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Kerstin Lüdtke-Buzug
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Thorsten M Buzug
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Jörg Barkhausen
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Florian M Vogt
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
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Wojtczyk H, Bringout G, Tenner W, Graeser M, Grüttner M, Sattel TF, Gräfe K, Haegele J, Duschka RL, Panagiotopoulos N, Vogt FM, Barkhausen J, Buzug TM. Comparison of Open Scanner Designs for Interventional Magnetic Particle Imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 58 Suppl 1:/j/bmte.2013.58.issue-s1-L/bmt-2013-4279/bmt-2013-4279.xml. [PMID: 24042921 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2013-4279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Duschka RL, Haegele J, Panagiotopoulos N, Wojtczyk H, Barkhausen J, Vogt FM, Buzug TM, Lüdtke-Buzug K. Fundamentals and Potential of Magnetic Particle Imaging. Curr Cardiovasc Imaging Rep 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12410-013-9217-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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May K, Fritz B, Duschka RL, Haegele J, Vogt F, Hunold P, Barkhausen J, Kovacs A. Vergleich der gefilterten Rückprojektion und einer Modell-basierten iterativen Rekonstruktion der 4. Generation von peripheren CT-Angiografien. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1346338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Duschka RL, Wojtczyk H, Panagiotopoulos N, Haegele J, Bringout G, Rahmer J, Bontus C, Buzug TM, Borgert J, Barkhausen J, Vogt FM. Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI): Sicherheitsmessungen gängiger, interventionell verwendeter Materialien mit gezieltem Focus auf die Materialerwärmung. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1346219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Haegele J, Rahmer J, Gleich B, Borgert J, Wojtczyk H, Panagiotopoulos N, Buzug TM, Barkhausen J, Vogt FM. Magnetic particle imaging: visualization of instruments for cardiovascular intervention. Radiology 2012; 265:933-8. [PMID: 22996744 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.12120424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the feasibility of different approaches of instrument visualization for cardiovascular interventions guided by using magnetic particle imaging (MPI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Two balloon (percutaneous transluminal angioplasty) catheters were used. The balloon was filled either with diluted superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) ferucarbotran (25 mmol of iron per liter) or with sodium chloride. Both catheters were inserted into a vessel phantom that was filled oppositional to the balloon content with sodium chloride or diluted SPIO (25 mmol of iron per liter). In addition, the administration of a 1.4-mL bolus of pure SPIO (500 mmol of iron per liter) followed by 5 mL of sodium chloride through a SPIO-labeled balloon catheter into the sodium chloride-filled vessel phantom was recorded. Images were recorded by using a preclinical MPI demonstrator. All images were acquired by using a field of view of 3.6 × 3.6 × 2.0 cm. RESULTS By using MPI, both balloon catheters could be visualized with high temporal (21.54 msec per image) and sufficient spatial (≤ 3 mm) resolution without any motion artifacts. The movement through the field of view, the inflation and deflation of the balloon, and the application of the SPIO bolus were visualized at a rate of 46 three-dimensional data sets per second. CONCLUSION Visualization of SPIO-labeled instruments for cardiovascular intervention at high temporal resolution as well as monitoring the application of a SPIO-based tracer by using labeled instruments is feasible. Further work is necessary to evaluate different labeling approaches for diagnostic catheters and guidewires and to demonstrate their navigation in the vascular system after administration of contrast material. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL http://radiology.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/radiol.12120424/-/DC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Haegele
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany.
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Buzug TM, Bringout G, Erbe M, Gräfe K, Graeser M, Grüttner M, Halkola A, Sattel TF, Tenner W, Wojtczyk H, Haegele J, Vogt FM, Barkhausen J, Lüdtke-Buzug K. Magnetic particle imaging: introduction to imaging and hardware realization. Z Med Phys 2012; 22:323-34. [PMID: 22909418 DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is a recently invented tomographic imaging method that quantitatively measures the spatial distribution of a tracer based on magnetic nanoparticles. The new modality promises a high sensitivity and high spatial as well as temporal resolution. There is a high potential of MPI to improve interventional and image-guided surgical procedures because, today, established medical imaging modalities typically excel in only one or two of these important imaging properties. MPI makes use of the non-linear magnetization characteristics of the magnetic nanoparticles. For this purpose, two magnetic fields are created and superimposed, a static selection field and an oscillatory drive field. If superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs) are subjected to the oscillatory magnetic field, the particles will react with a non-linear magnetization response, which can be measured with an appropriate pick-up coil arrangement. Due to the non-linearity of the particle magnetization, the received signal consists of the fundamental excitation frequency as well as of harmonics. After separation of the fundamental signal, the nanoparticle concentration can be reconstructed quantitatively based on the harmonics. The spatial coding is realized with the static selection field that produces a field-free point, which is moved through the field of view by the drive fields. This article focuses on the frequency-based image reconstruction approach and the corresponding imaging devices while alternative concepts like x-space MPI and field-free line imaging are described as well. The status quo in hardware realization is summarized in an overview of MPI scanners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten M Buzug
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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Haegele J, Biederer S, Wojtczyk H, Gräser M, Knopp T, Buzug TM, Barkhausen J, Vogt FM. Toward cardiovascular interventions guided by magnetic particle imaging: first instrument characterization. Magn Reson Med 2012; 69:1761-7. [PMID: 22829518 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging has emerged as a new technique for the visualization and quantification of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. It seems to be a very promising application for cardiovascular interventional radiology. A prerequisite for interventions is the artifact-free visualization of the required instruments and implants. Various commercially available catheters, guide wires, and a catheter experimentally coated with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were tested regarding their signal characteristics using magnetic particle spectroscopy to evaluate their performance in magnetic particle imaging. The results indicate that signal-generating and non-signal-generating instruments can be distinguished. Furthermore, coating or loading non-signal-generating instruments with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles seems to be a promising approach, but optimized nanoparticles need yet to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Haegele
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany.
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Borgert J, Schmidt JD, Schmale I, Rahmer J, Bontus C, Gleich B, David B, Eckart R, Woywode O, Weizenecker J, Schnorr J, Taupitz M, Haegele J, Vogt FM, Barkhausen J. Fundamentals and applications of magnetic particle imaging. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2012; 6:149-53. [PMID: 22682260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a new medical imaging technique which performs a direct measurement of magnetic nanoparticles, also known as superparamagnetic iron oxide. MPI can acquire quantitative images of the local distribution of the magnetic material with high spatial and temporal resolution. Its sensitivity is well above that of other methods used for the detection and quantification of magnetic materials, for example, magnetic resonance imaging. On the basis of an intravenous injection of magnetic particles, MPI has the potential to play an important role in medical application areas such as cardiovascular, oncology, and also in exploratory fields such as cell labeling and tracking. Here, we present an introduction to the basic function principle of MPI, together with an estimation of the spatial resolution and the detection limit. Furthermore, the above-mentioned medical applications are discussed with respect to an applicability of MPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Borgert
- Philips Technologie GmbH Innovative Technologies, Research Laboratories, Röntgenstraße 24-26, Hamburg, Germany.
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Haegele J, Rahmer J, Gleich B, Bontus C, Borgert J, Wojtczyk H, Buzug TM, Barkhausen J, Vogt FM. Darstellung von Instrumenten zur Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) gesteuerten kardiovaskulären Intervention. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1300903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Haegele J, Sattel T, Erbe M, Luedtke-Buzug K, Taupitz M, Borgert J, Buzug TM, Barkhausen J, Vogt FM. [Magnetic particle imaging (MPI)]. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2011; 184:420-6. [PMID: 22198836 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1281981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) displays the spatial distribution and concentration of superparamagnetic iron oxides (SPIOs). It is a quantitative, tomographic imaging method with high temporal and spatial resolution and allows work with high sensitivity yet without ionizing radiation. Thus, it may be a very promising tool for medical imaging. In this review, we describe the physical and technical basics and various concepts for clinical scanners. Furthermore, clinical applications such as cardiovascular imaging, interventional procedures, imaging and therapy of malignancies as well as molecular imaging are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Haegele
- Klinik für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck.
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