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Amoaku WM, Cushley L, Silvestri V, Akafo S, Amissah-Arthur KN, Lartey S, Hageman CN, Pappas CM, Hubbard WC, Bernstein PS, Vitale A, Roberts M, Virgili G, Hageman GS, Silvestri G. Vitreomacular interface abnormalities in the Ghanaian African. Eye (Lond) 2024; 38:578-584. [PMID: 37773435 PMCID: PMC10858261 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02737-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Describe vitreomacular interface abnormalities (VMIA) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and correlations with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) grade in Ghanaian Africans. SUBJECTS/METHODS Prospective, cross-sectional study of adults aged ≥50 years recruited in Ghana AMD Study. Participant demographics, medical histories, ophthalmic examination, digital colour fundus photography (CFP) were obtained. High-resolution five-line raster OCT, Macular Cube 512 × 128 scans, and additional line scans in areas of clinical abnormality, were acquired. SD-OCT VMI features classified by International Vitreomacular Traction Study Group system and relationships to AMD grade were evaluated. OUTCOMES VMIA prevalence, posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), vitreomacular adhesions (VMA), vitreomacular traction (VMT), epiretinal membranes (ERM), correlations with AMD grade. RESULTS The full Ghana AMD cohort included 718 participants; 624 participants (1248 eyes) aged ≥50 years (range = 50-101, mean = 68.8), 68.9% female were included in this analysis. CFP with OCT scans were available for 776 eyes (397 participants); 707 (91.1%) had gradable CFP and OCT scans for both AMD and VMI grading forming the dataset for this report. PVD was absent in 504 (71.3%); partial and complete PVD occurred in 16.7% and 12.0% respectively. PVD did not increase with age (p = 0.720). VMIA without traction and macular holes were observed in 12.2% of eyes; 87.8% had no abnormalities. VMIA was not significantly correlated with AMD grade (p = 0.819). CONCLUSIONS This provides the first assessment of VMIA in Ghanaian Africans. VMIA are common in Africans; PVD may be less common than in Caucasians. There was no significant association of AMD grade with VMIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winfried M Amoaku
- Academic Ophthalmology, Mental Health & Clinical Neurosciences, University of Nottingham and University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Laura Cushley
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Stephen Akafo
- Unit of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Ghana Medical School, Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kwesi N Amissah-Arthur
- Unit of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Ghana Medical School, Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Seth Lartey
- Eye Unit, Eye Ear Nose and Throat Department, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Courtney N Hageman
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, Sharon Eccles Steele Center for Translational Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Christian M Pappas
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, Sharon Eccles Steele Center for Translational Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - William C Hubbard
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, Sharon Eccles Steele Center for Translational Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Paul S Bernstein
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, Sharon Eccles Steele Center for Translational Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Albert Vitale
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, Sharon Eccles Steele Center for Translational Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Megan Roberts
- Ophthalmology Services, Eye and ENT Clinic, Royal Victoria Hospital, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, BT12 6BA, UK
| | | | - Gregory S Hageman
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, Sharon Eccles Steele Center for Translational Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Giuliana Silvestri
- Ophthalmology Services, Eye and ENT Clinic, Royal Victoria Hospital, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, BT12 6BA, UK
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Russell JF, Scott NL, Townsend JH, Shi Y, Gregori G, Crane AM, Flynn HW, Sridhar J, Rosenfeld PJ. WIDE-FIELD SWEPT-SOURCE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY OF DIABETIC TRACTIONAL RETINAL DETACHMENTS BEFORE AND AFTER SURGICAL REPAIR. Retina 2021; 41:1587-1596. [PMID: 34397964 PMCID: PMC8369041 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000003146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Wide-field (WF) swept-source (SS) optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) was used to image diabetic tractional retinal detachments (TRDs) before and after pars plana vitrectomy. The clinical utility of SS-OCTA was assessed. METHODS Patients with diabetic TRDs were imaged prospectively with SS-OCTA. Ultrawide-field imaging was obtained when possible. Postoperative WF SS-OCTA imaging was performed. RESULTS From January 2018 through December 2019, 31 eyes of 21 patients with diabetic TRDs were imaged. Wide-field SS-OCTA en-face images captured all areas of TRD and fibrovascular proliferation within the posterior pole that were visualized on ultrawide-field imaging. Optical coherence tomography angiography B-scans revealed the vascularity of preretinal membranes and identified areas of vitreoretinal traction and posterior vitreous detachment. Ten eyes underwent pars plana vitrectomy. Postoperative SS-OCTA imaging demonstrated removal of fibrovascular membranes, relief of traction, and resolution of TRDs. Retinal ischemia before and after surgical repair appeared similar. CONCLUSION All clinically relevant features of diabetic TRDs were identified at baseline and assessed longitudinally after pars plana vitrectomy using WF SS-OCTA, which showed resolution of vitreoretinal traction and no apparent change in the status of retinal perfusion after surgery. If the media are clear and fixation is adequate, WF SS-OCTA is likely the only imaging modality needed for the diagnosis and longitudinal evaluation of diabetic TRDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan F. Russell
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Nathan L. Scott
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Justin H. Townsend
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Yingying Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Giovanni Gregori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ashley M. Crane
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Harry W. Flynn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Jayanth Sridhar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Philip J. Rosenfeld
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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Iyer SSR, Regan KA, Burnham JM, Chen CJ. Surgical management of diabetic tractional retinal detachments. Surv Ophthalmol 2019; 64:780-809. [PMID: 31077688 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Tractional retinal detachment is an end-stage form of diabetic retinopathy that occurs when contractile forces in the vitreous and neovascular tissue lead to the detachment of the neurosensory retina. We review the literature related to the management of this disease. Preoperative planning includes appropriate patient selection, diagnostic and prognostic imaging, and medical optimization with reduction of systemic risk factors. Use of antivascular endothelial growth factor for preoperative treatment has had significant benefits for tractional retinal detachment repair in improving surgical efficiency and outcomes. Advances in microsurgical instrumentation are discussed, with attention to small-gauge vitrectomy with improved flow dynamics, viewing strategies, and lighting allowing bimanual surgery. Special emphasis is placed on bimanual surgical technique, choice of tamponade, and the avoidance of iatrogenic damage. Complications and special considerations are further explored. Based on our compilation of relevant literature, we propose a surgical algorithm for the management of these complex patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva S R Iyer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
| | - Kathleen A Regan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Ching J Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
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Tripathy K. Encouraging results of 25G+ minimally invasive vitrectomy surgery for diabetic tractional retinal detachment. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2017; 255:1863-1864. [PMID: 28667484 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-017-3730-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Tripathy
- ICARE Eye Hospital & Postgraduate Institute, E3A, Sector-26, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201301, India.
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Mastropasqua R, Luo YHL, Cheah YS, Egan C, Lewis JJ, da Cruz L. Black patients sustain vision loss while White and South Asian patients gain vision following delamination or segmentation surgery for tractional complications associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Eye (Lond) 2017; 31:1468-1474. [PMID: 28574495 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2017.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeThis retrospective comparative case series aims to determine whether patient ethnicity (White versus South Asian versus Black) is related to the outcome of surgical treatment for traction complications of severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).SettingMoorfields Eye Hospital London, UK.MethodsAll patients who underwent vitrectomy with, delamination and/or segmentation for PDR over a 5-year period (2009-2014) were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were divided into White, South Asian or Black groups, and their age, gender, HbA1C and type of diabetes were recorded. A total of 484 patients (253 White, 117 South Asian, 114 Black) were included. Twenty-one patients were excluded due to inadequate documentation.OutcomesLogMAR Visual acuity (converted from Snellen) (VA), was recorded pre-operatively and ~6 months post surgery (range 5-8 months). Surgical outcome was classified according to the type and duration of tamponade required post-operatively.ResultsPre-operative VA and HbA1C values were similar across all three ethnic groups (P=0.64 and 0.569, respectively). Change in VA (mean±SD) was 0.41±0.78, 0.14±0.76 and -0.26±0.57 in White, South Asian and Black patient groups respectively (P<0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that post-op VA was significantly related to race and pre-op VA only (both P<0.001). The Black patient group were more likely to require silicone oil tamponade (P<0.001) and long-term retention of silicone oil (P<0.001) than the White and South Asian patient groups.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that Black patients on average lose vision following delamination surgery for traction complications of PDR while White and South Asian patients gain vision. The same group is also at higher risk of retaining silicone more than 6 months after surgery. This difference remains even when corrected for glycaemic control. The higher risk of visual loss and long-term retention of silicone oil in black patients requires further investigation. If these results are confirmed, surgeons should consider their patients' ethnicity before proceeding with surgical treatment of diabetic tractional detachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mastropasqua
- Vitreo-Retinal Department, Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Y H-L Luo
- Vitreo-Retinal Department, Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Department of Ocular Biology and Therapeutics, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College of London, London, UK.,National Institute for Health Research, Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Y S Cheah
- Department of Diabetic Medicine, King's College Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - C Egan
- Vitreo-Retinal Department, Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J J Lewis
- MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - L da Cruz
- Vitreo-Retinal Department, Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Department of Ocular Biology and Therapeutics, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College of London, London, UK.,National Institute for Health Research, Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
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Kim YC, Shin JP. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography findings of tractional retinal elevation in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2015; 254:1481-1487. [PMID: 26542121 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-015-3206-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the clinical and morphological characteristics as well as the surgical outcomes of tractional retinal elevation (TRE) in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) by analyzing spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). METHODS SD-OCT images of 26 eyes (24 patients) who visited our clinic because of TRE and PDR from August 2011 to August 2014 were reviewed. According to the presence or absence of tractional retinal detachment (TRD), patients were classified into group 1 (without TRD) or group 2 (with TRD), and the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of the two groups were compared. Furthermore, we categorized the SD-OCT morphological components into sponge, cystoid, saw tooth, bridging columnar, and TRD and compared the characteristics among patients who had different components. RESULTS Group 1 had 18 eyes and group 2 had eight eyes. No differences in age, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), or spherical equivalent were observed between the two groups, but group 2 had longer axial length than that of group 1 (p = 0.02). A large variety of combined OCT findings was found in group 1 compared to that in group 2. TRD was the least combined form with the other morphological components. Although 92 % of eyes with the bridging columnar component had the cystoid component, TRD and tractional retinoschisis (TRS, bridging columnar morphology) were combined in only one eye. CONCLUSION Diabetic TRE may progress to TRD or TRS, which are mutually exclusive. They may progress to TRD in eyes with a long axial length, and cystoid macular edema seems to develop into TRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cheol Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keimyung University School of Medicine Dongsan Medical Center, 56, Dalseong-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41931, Korea.
| | - Jae Pil Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Chao DL, Flynn HW. Stability of macular traction in involutional diabetic retinopathy over a 5-year course. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2015; 46:131-3. [PMID: 25559526 DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20150101-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Involutional diabetic retinopathy is a descriptive term for an end-stage phase of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), which is often non-progressive. Two patients with involutional PDR with nonprogressive macular traction documented by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) over a 5-year period are described in this report.
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8
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Su CC, Yang CH, Yeh PT, Yang CM. Macular Tractional Retinoschisis in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: Clinical Characteristics and Surgical Outcome. Ophthalmologica 2013; 231:23-30. [DOI: 10.1159/000355078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Leung E, Sisk RA, Flynn HW. Progression of diabetic tractional retinoschisis by optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2010; 41 Online:e1-3. [PMID: 21053865 DOI: 10.3928/15428877-20101025-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2009] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A 63-year-old woman presented with proliferative diabetic retinopathy with extensive posterior neovascularization in both eyes. Visual acuities were 20/40 in the right eye and 20/400 in the left eye with eccentric fixation. Tractional retinoschisis in the left eye that initially spared the fovea progressed over 3 years to involve the entire macula. Findings were documented by optical coherence tomography. No surgical intervention was offered. Tractional retinoschisis in proliferative diabetic retinopathy may become progressive due to cicatricial contraction of the posterior hyaloid face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Leung
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. USA
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10
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Newman DK. Surgical management of the late complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Eye (Lond) 2010; 24:441-9. [DOI: 10.1038/eye.2009.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis and management of diabetic retinopathy. Int Ophthalmol Clin 2009; 49:61-74. [PMID: 19349787 DOI: 10.1097/iio.0b013e31819fd54f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Kay CN, Gendy MG, Lujan BJ, Punjabi OS, Gregori G, Flynn HW. Composite spectral domain optical coherence tomography images of diabetic tractional retinal detachment. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2008; 39:S99-103. [PMID: 18777880 DOI: 10.3928/15428877-20080715-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) findings in three patients with diabetic tractional retinal detachment. Three patients underwent fundus photography and SD-OCT imaging before and after pars plana vitrectomy, endola-ser, and membrane peel. On SD-OCT, all three patients exhibited significant improvement or resolution of subretinal fluid after the surgical release of traction. In this case series, a clinically useful method of visualizing SD-OCT images is demonstrated. Composite images were manually constructed with commercially available software by merging high-density B-scans from the macula and optic nerve. The composite image allowed simultaneous visualization of the effects of proliferative diabetic retinopathy on the macula and optic nerve and is particularly helpful in evaluating tractional macular detachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine N Kay
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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Ozdek SC, Erdinç MA, Gürelik G, Aydin B, Bahçeci U, Hasanreisoğlu B. Optical Coherence Tomographic Assessment of Diabetic Macular Edema: Comparison with Fluorescein Angiographic and Clinical Findings. Ophthalmologica 2005; 219:86-92. [PMID: 15802932 DOI: 10.1159/000083266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2004] [Accepted: 07/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the optical coherence tomographic (OCT) features with clinical and fluorescein angiographic (FA) findings in patients with diabetic retinopathy. METHODS In a retrospective study ophthalmologic examination together with FA and OCT images were obtained from 195 eyes of 110 patients with different stages of diabetic retinopathy and OCT images were obtained from 40 eyes of 20 control subjects. Fluorescein leakage characteristics were organized into five groups: no leakage (1), focal (2), diffuse (3), combined focal+diffuse leakage (4) and cystoid (5). The Pearson correlation test was used to test the correlation between visual acuity and central foveal thickness and ANOVA was used for the statistical comparison between the groups. RESULTS The OCT images demonstrated retinal swelling in 66.1% of eyes, cystoid macular edema (CME) in 11.8% of eyes, serous foveal detachment + swelling in 6.2% of eyes, serous foveal detachment+swelling+CME in 3.6% of eyes and normal foveal structure in 12.3% of eyes. The best-corrected visual acuity was significantly correlated with central foveal thickness (r:-0.528, p<0.01). There was 77% agreement between clinical examination and OCT results. CME was detected with OCT in 15.4% of eyes in our study, 40% of which was not detected with slit-lamp biomicroscopy and 63.3% of which was not evident in FA. None of the serous foveal detachments could be detected during slit-lamp biomicroscopy or FA. CONCLUSIONS OCT-3 provided objective documentation of foveal structural changes in eyes with diabetic retinopathy. Best-corrected visual acuity provided a significant correlation with the retinal thickness at the central fovea. These results indicate that OCT can facilitate deciding on the treatment protocol (surgical or medical) and follow-up of diabetic patients, which is especially important in the early stages of diabetic maculopathy when the structural changes are not yet evident with slit-lamp biomicroscopy or angiographically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sengül C Ozdek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gazi University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Kekul B Shah
- Medical College of Wisconsin, The Eye Institute, Milwaukee 53226, USA
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15
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Chan WM, Choy KW, Wang J, Lam DSC, Yip WWK, Fu W, Pang CP. Two cases of X-linked juvenile retinoschisis with different optical coherence tomography findings and RS1 gene mutations. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2004; 32:429-32. [PMID: 15281981 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2004.00820.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings, clinical features, and mutations in the RS1 gene of two unrelated patients with X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) are reported herein. Two Chinese patients with early onset XLRS were given a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination and OCT investigation. The RS1 gene was screened for sequence alterations in all exons and splice regions. The two patients presented with different phenotypic features and OCT findings. One patient with more severe clinical presentation had a RS1 exon 1 deletion and a P193S mutation was found in the other patient with mild macular involvement. OCT demonstrates the markedly different features of XLRS patients with different RS1 mutations. This study strengthens the role of OCT in the diagnosis and monitoring of XLRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Man Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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