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Koyuncu H, Kara N, Dabak Ş. Investigation of the possible effects of night shift on telomere length and mtDNA copy number in nurses. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38830229 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2024.2348089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the impacts of altered circadian rhythm on telomere length and mtDNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) in nurses working night shifts. In our study, 52 healthy nurses working in shifts at Ondokuz Mayıs University Hospital and 45 healthy control subjects working during the day were included. qRT-PCR technique was used for the determination of telomere length and mtDNA-CN. It was observed that the shift-work group had poor sleep quality (p = 0.004), feeling tired (p < 0.01) and stressed (p = 0.02) more than control group working during the day. Nurses working in shifts were found to have 1.18 times longer telomeres with respect to the control group working during the day (p = 0.005). When compared among shift workers, poor sleep quality and insufficient sleep duration shortened telomeres (r = 0.32; p = 0.02). There was no statistically significantdisparity regarding mtDNA-CN among the nurses working in shifts and the control group working during the day (p = 0.07). Insufficient sleep was associated with decreased mtDNA-CN when shift-working nurses were compared according to sleep quality (p = 0.006). Furthermore, mtDNA-CN of nurses with poor sleep quality was correlated with lower mtDNA-CN in comparison to nurses with good sleep quality (r = 0.284; p = 0.04). The mtDNA-CN of the nurses was positively associated with the sleep duration the night sleep before the night shift (r = 0.32; p = 0.02). Inadequate sleep duration and quality were observed to cause a reduction in mtDNA-CN of nurses. In conclusion, it has been observed that poor sleep quality and duration are related to shortened telomere length and decreased mtDNA-CN in night shift nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Koyuncu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Nurten Kara
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Şennur Dabak
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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2
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Zeng Y, Guo Z, Wu M, Chen F, Chen L. Circadian rhythm regulates the function of immune cells and participates in the development of tumors. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:199. [PMID: 38678017 PMCID: PMC11055927 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01960-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are present in almost all cells and play a crucial role in regulating various biological processes. Maintaining a stable circadian rhythm is essential for overall health. Disruption of this rhythm can alter the expression of clock genes and cancer-related genes, and affect many metabolic pathways and factors, thereby affecting the function of the immune system and contributing to the occurrence and progression of tumors. This paper aims to elucidate the regulatory effects of BMAL1, clock and other clock genes on immune cells, and reveal the molecular mechanism of circadian rhythm's involvement in tumor and its microenvironment regulation. A deeper understanding of circadian rhythms has the potential to provide new strategies for the treatment of cancer and other immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Zeng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zichan Guo
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengqi Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fulin Chen
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Limkin E, Blanchard P, Lacas B, Bourhis J, Parmar M, Licitra L, Le QT, Yom SS, Fortpied C, Langendijk J, Vermorken JB, Bernier J, Overgaard J, Harris J, Pignon JP, Auperin A. Season of radiotherapy and outcomes of head & neck cancer patients in the MACH-NC & MARCH meta-analyses. Radiother Oncol 2024; 190:110011. [PMID: 37956890 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.110011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A single institution retrospective study suggested that head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) patients receiving radiotherapy (RT) during "dark" season (fall/winter) may have better outcomes than those treated during "light" season (spring/summer), possibly secondary to seasonal variations in cell cycle progression. We investigated the impact of season of RT in two large, multi-institutional, prospective datasets of randomized trials. METHODS Individual patient data from the MACH-NC and MARCH meta-analyses were analyzed. Dark season was defined as mid-radiotherapy date during fall or winter and light the reverse, using equinoxes to separate the two periods. Primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) and secondary endpoint was locoregional failure (LRF). The effect of season was estimated with a Cox model stratified by trial and adjusted on sex, tumor site, stage, and treatment. Planned sensitivity analyses were performed on patients treated around solstices, who received "complete radiotherapy", patients treated with concomitant radio-chemotherapy and on trials performed in Northern countries. RESULTS 11320 patients from 33 trials of MARCH and 6276 patients from 29 trials of MACH-NC were included. RT during dark season had no benefit on PFS in the MARCH (hazard ratio[HR]: 1.01 [95%CI 0.97;1.05],p=0.72) or MACH-NC dataset (HR:1.00 [95%CI 0.94;1.06],p=1.0. No difference in LRF was observed in the MARCH (HR:1.00 [95%CI 0.94;1.06,p=0.95) or MACH-NC dataset (HR:0.99 [95%CI 0.91; 1.07],p=0.77). Sensitivity analyses showed similar results. CONCLUSION Season of RT had no impact on PFS or LRF in two large databases of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Limkin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Pierre Blanchard
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France; Oncostat U1018 INSERM, Labeled Ligue Contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France; Groupe d'Oncologie Radiothérapie Tête Et Cou, Tours, France.
| | - Benjamin Lacas
- Oncostat U1018 INSERM, Labeled Ligue Contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Jean Bourhis
- Groupe d'Oncologie Radiothérapie Tête Et Cou, Tours, France; CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mahesh Parmar
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Licitra
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Tumori Milan and University of Milan, Italy
| | - Quynh-Thu Le
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; NRG Oncology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jean-Pierre Pignon
- Oncostat U1018 INSERM, Labeled Ligue Contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France; Groupe d'Oncologie Radiothérapie Tête Et Cou, Tours, France; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Anne Auperin
- Oncostat U1018 INSERM, Labeled Ligue Contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France; Groupe d'Oncologie Radiothérapie Tête Et Cou, Tours, France; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
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4
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Marcu LG. Circadian rhythm-based cancer therapy in randomised clinical trials. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2024; 24:29-39. [PMID: 38127132 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2023.2298835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since the 2017 Nobel Prize awarded to J. Hall, M. Rosbash and M.W. Young for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms behind the biological clock, circadian rhythm-based therapy, also known as chronotherapy, is receiving more attention in oncology and the number of anatomical sites of interest in this field is increasing. This observation is in line with the clinical evidence provided by trials on head and neck, lung, colorectal and cervical cancers, as well as the presently ongoing chronotherapy trials for breast and brain cancers. AREAS COVERED The aim of this review was to collate all randomized trials conducted on chronotherapy for various tumor sites and to appraise the evidence for chrono-oncology to advance personalized therapy. Relevant literature was collected from Pubmed/Medline databases and from clinicatrials.gov. EXPERT OPINION Current randomized clinical trials offer a certain level of evidence for the potential of chronotherapy to personalize oncologic treatment. However, comparison of trial results is hindered by the differences in timing of radiation/chemotherapy, the absence of harmonized recommendations for treatment outcome evaluation and not ultimately, the general lack of considering gender as a matched variable in trials, which was found to be a powerful factor influencing response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana G Marcu
- UniSA Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Faculty of Informatics and Science, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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5
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Lv J, Liao S, Li B, Pan L, Wang R. Scheduling radiotherapy for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the corresponding time window can reduce radiation-induced oral mucositis: A randomized, prospective study. Cancer Med 2023; 12:16032-16040. [PMID: 37537945 PMCID: PMC10469752 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore a new method to reduce radiation-induced oral mucositis by scheduling radiotherapy for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in the corresponding time window of the cycle of oral mucosal cells. METHODS Eighty-two NPC patients were randomly divided into a day group (n = 41) and a night group (n = 41). The radiotherapy was scheduled at noon (11:30-15:30) for the day group, while at night (19:00-23:00) for the night group. Oral mucositis and oral pain were recorded in both groups after each radiotherapy fraction. The short-term efficacy of primary tumor regression, weight loss, and bone marrow suppression was recorded. RESULTS The incidence of Grade 2 oral mucositis was 87.8% (36/41) and 63.4% (26/41) in the night group and day group, respectively (p = 0.010). The incidence of Grade 3 oral mucositis was 65.9% (27/41) and 22.0% (9/41) in the night group and day group, respectively (p < 0.001). The mean number of radiotherapy for patients to develop Grade 2 oral mucositis was 15.67 ± 5.05 and 20.92 ± 6.21 in the night group and day group, respectively. The incidence of Grade 2 oral pain was 48.8% (20/41) and 22.0% (9/41) in the night group and day group, respectively (p = 0.011). There were no significant differences in tumor regression, weight loss, and bone marrow suppression between the two groups. CONCLUSION By scheduling radiotherapy based on the corresponding time window of the cycle of oral mucosal cells, the severity of oral mucositis in NPC patients was reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lv
- Department of RadiotherapyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Shibin Liao
- Department of RadiotherapyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Bo Li
- Department of RadiotherapyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Linjiang Pan
- Department of RadiotherapyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Rensheng Wang
- Department of RadiotherapyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
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6
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Ali YF, Hong Z, Liu NA, Zhou G. Clock in radiation oncology clinics: cost-free modality to alleviate treatment-related toxicity. Cancer Biol Ther 2022; 23:201-210. [PMID: 35263235 PMCID: PMC8920191 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2022.2041953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of studies have reported that tumor cells are often out of sync with the surrounding healthy tissue. Exploiting this misalignment may be a way to obtain a substantial gain in the therapeutic window. Specifically, based on reports to date, we will assess whether radiotherapy outcomes differ depending on the administration time. Collectively, 24 studies met the inclusion criteria, out of which 12 at least reported that radiation therapy is less toxic when administered at a particular time, probably because there is less collateral damage to healthy cells. However, discrepancies exist across studies and urge further investigation. Mechanistic studies elucidating the relationship between radiotherapy, circadian rhythms, and cell cycle, combined with either our “digital” or “biological” chronodata, would help oncologists successfully chronotype individual patients and strategize treatment plans accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser F Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institute of Space Life Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Biophysics Lab, Physics Department, Faculty of Science Al-Azhar University Nasr City, 11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zhiqiang Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institute of Space Life Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ning-Ang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institute of Space Life Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institute of Space Life Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Marcu LG. Developments on tumour site-specific chrono-oncology towards personalised treatment. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 179:103803. [PMID: 36058443 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Research into chronotherapy has seen notable developments over the past decades, with a clear focus on the identification of circadian clock genes as potential treatment targets. Moreover, new factors are investigated, such as gender and the role of cancer stem cells in influencing the outcome of chronomodulated treatments. These factors could add to the arsenal of parameters that assist with patient stratification and treatment personalisation. Literature analysis showed that certain anatomical sites received more attention and the associated studies reported clinically significant results, even though some findings are contradictory. The aim of this work was to review the existing studies on chrono-oncology using a tumour site-specific approach and to highlight the status of research in various cancers. Inconsistencies in data reporting, the nature of the studies and the highly heterogeneous patient characteristics, highlight the need for well-designed randomised controlled trials to elucidate the real potential of chronotherapy in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana G Marcu
- Faculty of Informatics and Science, University of Oradea, Oradea 410087, Romania; School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
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8
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Goldbeter A, Yan J. Multi-synchronization and other patterns of multi-rhythmicity in oscillatory biological systems. Interface Focus 2022; 12:20210089. [PMID: 35450278 PMCID: PMC9016794 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2021.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While experimental and theoretical studies have established the prevalence of rhythmic behaviour at all levels of biological organization, less common is the coexistence between multiple oscillatory regimes (multi-rhythmicity), which has been predicted by a variety of models for biological oscillators. The phenomenon of multi-rhythmicity involves, most commonly, the coexistence between two (birhythmicity) or three (trirhythmicity) distinct regimes of self-sustained oscillations. Birhythmicity has been observed experimentally in a few chemical reactions and in biological examples pertaining to cardiac cell physiology, neurobiology, human voice patterns and ecology. The present study consists of two parts. We first review the mechanisms underlying multi-rhythmicity in models for biochemical and cellular oscillations in which the phenomenon was investigated over the years. In the second part, we focus on the coupling of the cell cycle and the circadian clock and show how an additional source of multi-rhythmicity arises from the bidirectional coupling of these two cellular oscillators. Upon bidirectional coupling, the two oscillatory networks generally synchronize in a unique manner characterized by a single, common period. In some conditions, however, the two oscillators may synchronize in two or three different ways characterized by distinct waveforms and periods. We refer to this type of multi-rhythmicity as ‘multi-synchronization’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Goldbeter
- Unité de Chronobiologie théorique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jie Yan
- Center for Systems Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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9
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Exploring the link between chronobiology and drug delivery: effects on cancer therapy. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:1349-1371. [PMID: 34213595 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02106-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Circadian clock is an impressive timing system responsible for the control of several metabolic, physiological and behavioural processes. Nowadays, the connection between the circadian clock and cancer occurrence and development is consensual. Therefore, the inclusion of circadian timing into cancer therapy may potentially offer a more effective and less toxic approach. This way, chronotherapy has been shown to improve cancer treatment efficacy. Despite this relevant finding, its clinical application is poorly exploited. The conception of novel anticancer drug delivery systems and the combination of chronobiology with nanotechnology may provide a powerful tool to optimize cancer therapy, instigating the incorporation of the circadian timing into clinical practice towards a more personalized drug delivery. This review focuses on the recent advances in the field of cancer chronobiology, on the link between cancer and the disruption of circadian rhythms and on the promising targeted drug nanodelivery approaches aiming the clinical application of cancer chronotherapy.
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Crnko S, Schutte H, Doevendans PA, Sluijter JPG, van Laake LW. Minimally Invasive Ways of Determining Circadian Rhythms in Humans. Physiology (Bethesda) 2021; 36:7-20. [DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00018.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm exerts a critical role in mammalian health and disease. A malfunctioning circadian clock can be a consequence, as well as the cause of several pathophysiologies. Clinical therapies and research may also be influenced by the clock. Since the most suitable manner of revealing this rhythm in humans is not yet established, we discuss existing methods and seek to determine the most feasible ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Crnko
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Centre Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde Schutte
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Centre Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter A. Doevendans
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Centre Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Central Military Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost P. G. Sluijter
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Centre Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Linda W. van Laake
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Centre Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Circadian clocks are cell-autonomous self-sustaining oscillators that allow organisms to anticipate environmental changes throughout the solar day and persist in nearly every cell examined. Environmental or genetic disruption of circadian rhythms increases the risk of several types of cancer, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we discuss evidence connecting circadian rhythms-with emphasis on the cryptochrome proteins (CRY1/2)-to cancer through in vivo models, mechanisms involving known tumor suppressors and oncogenes, chemotherapeutic efficacy, and human cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna B Chan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Katja A Lamia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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13
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Zatulovskiy E, Skotheim JM. On the Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Animal Cell Size Homeostasis. Trends Genet 2020; 36:360-372. [PMID: 32294416 PMCID: PMC7162994 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2020.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell size is fundamental to cell physiology because it sets the scale of intracellular geometry, organelles, and biosynthetic processes. In animal cells, size homeostasis is controlled through two phenomenologically distinct mechanisms. First, size-dependent cell cycle progression ensures that smaller cells delay cell cycle progression to accumulate more biomass than larger cells prior to cell division. Second, size-dependent cell growth ensures that larger and smaller cells grow slower per unit mass than more optimally sized cells. This decade has seen dramatic progress in single-cell technologies establishing the diverse phenomena of cell size control in animal cells. Here, we review this recent progress and suggest pathways forward to determine the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan M Skotheim
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Farshadi E, van der Horst GT, Chaves I. Molecular Links between the Circadian Clock and the Cell Cycle. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:3515-3524. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Zou X, Kim DW, Gotoh T, Liu J, Kim JK, Finkielstein CV. A Systems Biology Approach Identifies Hidden Regulatory Connections Between the Circadian and Cell-Cycle Checkpoints. Front Physiol 2020; 11:327. [PMID: 32372973 PMCID: PMC7176909 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms form a self-sustaining, endogenous, time-keeping system that allows organisms to anticipate daily environmental changes. The core of the clock network consists of interlocking transcriptional-translational feedback loops that ensures that metabolic, behavioral, and physiological processes run on a 24 h timescale. The hierarchical nature of the clock manifests itself in multiple points of control on the daily cell division cycle, which relies on synthesis, degradation, and post-translational modification for progression. This relationship is particularly important for understanding the role of clock components in sensing stress conditions and triggering checkpoint signals that stop cell cycle progression. A case in point is the interplay among the circadian factor PERIOD2 (PER2), the tumor suppressor p53, and the oncogenic mouse double minute-2 homolog protein (MDM2), which is the p53's negative regulator. Under unstressed conditions, PER2 and p53 form a stable complex in the cytosol and, along with MDM2, a trimeric complex in the nucleus. Association of PER2 to the C-terminus end of p53 prevents MDM2-mediated ubiquitylation and degradation of p53 as well as p53's transcriptional activation. Remarkably, when not bound to p53, PER2 acts as substrate for the E3-ligase activity of MDM2; thus, PER2 is degraded in a phosphorylation-independent fashion. Unexpectedly, the phase relationship between PER2 and p53 are opposite; however, a systematic modeling approach, inferred from the oscillatory time course data of PER2 and p53, aided in identifying additional regulatory scenarios that explained, a priori, seemingly conflicting experimental data. Therefore, we advocate for a combined experimental/mathematical approach to elucidating multilevel regulatory cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlin Zou
- Integrated Cellular Responses Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Dae Wook Kim
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Tetsuya Gotoh
- Integrated Cellular Responses Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Integrated Cellular Responses Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Jae Kyoung Kim
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Carla V Finkielstein
- Integrated Cellular Responses Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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Yan J, Goldbeter A. Robust synchronization of the cell cycle and the circadian clock through bidirectional coupling. J R Soc Interface 2019; 16:20190376. [PMID: 31506042 PMCID: PMC6769306 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell cycle and the circadian clock represent major cellular rhythms, which appear to be coupled. Thus the circadian factor BMAL1 controls the level of cell cycle proteins such as Cyclin E and WEE1, the latter of which inhibits the kinase CDK1 that governs the G2/M transition. In reverse the cell cycle impinges on the circadian clock through direct control by CDK1 of REV-ERBα, which negatively regulates BMAL1. These observations provide evidence for bidirectional coupling of the cell cycle and the circadian clock. By merging detailed models for the two networks in mammalian cells, we previously showed that unidirectional coupling to the circadian clock can entrain the cell cycle to 24 or 48 h, depending on the cell cycle autonomous period, while complex oscillations occur when entrainment fails. Here we show that the reverse unidirectional coupling via phosphorylation of REV-ERBα or via mitotic inhibition of transcription, both controlled by CDK1, can elicit entrainment of the circadian clock by the cell cycle. We then determine the effect of bidirectional coupling of the cell cycle and circadian clock as a function of their relative coupling strengths. In contrast to unidirectional coupling, bidirectional coupling markedly reduces the likelihood of complex oscillations. While the two rhythms oscillate independently as long as both couplings are weak, one rhythm entrains the other if one of the couplings dominates. If the couplings in both directions become stronger and of comparable magnitude, the two rhythms synchronize, generally at an intermediate period within the range defined by the two autonomous periods prior to coupling. More surprisingly, synchronization may also occur at a period slightly below or above this range, while in some conditions the synchronization period can even be much longer. Two or even three modes of synchronization may sometimes coexist, yielding examples of birhythmicity or trirhythmicity. Because synchronization readily occurs in the form of simple periodic oscillations over a wide range of coupling strengths and in the presence of multiple connections between the two oscillatory networks, the results indicate that bidirectional coupling favours the robust synchronization of the cell cycle and the circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yan
- Center for Systems Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Albert Goldbeter
- Unité de Chronobiologie Théorique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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17
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Li HX. The role of circadian clock genes in tumors. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:3645-3660. [PMID: 31190867 PMCID: PMC6526167 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s203144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are generated via variations in the expression of clock genes that are organized into a complex transcriptional–translational autoregulatory network and regulate the diverse physiological and behavioral activities that are required to adapt to periodic environmental changes. Aberrant clock gene expression is associated with a heightened risk of diseases that affect all aspects of human health, including cancers. Within the past several years, a number of studies have indicated that clock genes contribute to carcinogenesis by altering the expression of clock-controlled and tumor-related genes downstream of many cellular pathways. This review comprehensively summarizes how clock genes affect the development of tumors and their prognosis. In addition, the review provides a full description of the current state of oral cancer research that aims to optimize cancer diagnosis and treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Xue Li
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400015, People's Republic of China
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18
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Adeola HA, Papagerakis S, Papagerakis P. Systems Biology Approaches and Precision Oral Health: A Circadian Clock Perspective. Front Physiol 2019; 10:399. [PMID: 31040792 PMCID: PMC6476986 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A vast majority of the pathophysiological and metabolic processes in humans are temporally controlled by a master circadian clock located centrally in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus of the brain, as well as by specialized peripheral oscillators located in other body tissues. This circadian clock system generates a rhythmical diurnal transcriptional-translational cycle in clock genes and protein expression and activities regulating numerous downstream target genes. Clock genes as key regulators of physiological function and dysfunction of the circadian clock have been linked to various diseases and multiple morbidities. Emerging omics technologies permits largescale multi-dimensional investigations of the molecular landscape of a given disease and the comprehensive characterization of its underlying cellular components (e.g., proteins, genes, lipids, metabolites), their mechanism of actions, functional networks and regulatory systems. Ultimately, they can be used to better understand disease and interpatient heterogeneity, individual profile, identify personalized targetable key molecules and pathways, discover novel biomarkers and genetic alterations, which collectively can allow for a better patient stratification into clinically relevant subgroups to improve disease prediction and prevention, early diagnostic, clinical outcomes, therapeutic benefits, patient's quality of life and survival. The use of “omics” technologies has allowed for recent breakthroughs in several scientific domains, including in the field of circadian clock biology. Although studies have explored the role of clock genes using circadiOmics (which integrates circadian omics, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics) in human disease, no such studies have investigated the implications of circadian disruption in oral, head and neck pathologies using multi-omics approaches and linking the omics data to patient-specific circadian profiles. There is a burgeoning body of evidence that circadian clock controls the development and homeostasis of oral and maxillofacial structures, such as salivary glands, teeth and oral epithelium. Hence, in the current era of precision medicine and dentistry and patient-centered health care, it is becoming evident that a multi-omics approach is needed to improve our understanding of the role of circadian clock-controlled key players in the regulation of head and neck pathologies. This review discusses current knowledge on the role of the circadian clock and the contribution of omics-based approaches toward a novel precision health era for diagnosing and treating head and neck pathologies, with an emphasis on oral, head and neck cancer and Sjögren's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry A Adeola
- Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Silvana Papagerakis
- Laboratory of Oral, Head & Neck Cancer-Personalized Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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19
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Circadian Clocks in Fish-What Have We Learned so far? BIOLOGY 2019; 8:biology8010017. [PMID: 30893815 PMCID: PMC6466151 DOI: 10.3390/biology8010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish represent the one alternative vertebrate, genetic model system to mice that can be easily manipulated in a laboratory setting. With the teleost Medaka (Oryzias latipes), which now has a significant following, and over 30,000 other fish species worldwide, there is great potential to study the biology of environmental adaptation using teleosts. Zebrafish are primarily used for research on developmental biology, for obvious reasons. However, fish in general have also contributed to our understanding of circadian clock biology in the broadest sense. In this review, we will discuss selected areas where this contribution seems most unique. This will include a discussion of the issue of central versus peripheral clocks, in which zebrafish played an early role; the global nature of light sensitivity; and the critical role played by light in regulating cell biology. In addition, we also discuss the importance of the clock in controlling the timing of fundamental aspects of cell biology, such as the temporal control of the cell cycle. Many of these findings are applicable to the majority of vertebrate species. However, some reflect the unique manner in which “fish” can solve biological problems, in an evolutionary context. Genome duplication events simply mean that many fish species have more gene copies to “throw at a problem”, and evolution seems to have taken advantage of this “gene abundance”. How this relates to their poor cousins, the mammals, remains to be seen.
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20
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Farshadi E, Yan J, Leclere P, Goldbeter A, Chaves I, van der Horst GTJ. The positive circadian regulators CLOCK and BMAL1 control G2/M cell cycle transition through Cyclin B1. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:16-33. [PMID: 30558467 PMCID: PMC6343743 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1558638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously identified a tight bidirectional phase coupling between the circadian clock and the cell cycle. To understand the role of the CLOCK/BMAL1 complex, representing the main positive regulator of the circadian oscillator, we knocked down Bmal1 or Clock in NIH3T33C mouse fibroblasts (carrying fluorescent reporters for clock and cell cycle phase) and analyzed timing of cell division in individual cells and cell populations. Inactivation of Bmal1 resulted in a loss of circadian rhythmicity and a lengthening of the cell cycle, originating from delayed G2/M transition. Subsequent molecular analysis revealed reduced levels of Cyclin B1, an important G2/M regulator, upon suppression of Bmal1 gene expression. In complete agreement with these experimental observations, simulation of Bmal1 knockdown in a computational model for coupled mammalian circadian clock and cell cycle oscillators (now incorporating Cyclin B1 induction by BMAL1) revealed a lengthening of the cell cycle. Similar data were obtained upon knockdown of Clock gene expression. In conclusion, the CLOCK/BMAL1 complex controls cell cycle progression at the level of G2/M transition through regulation of Cyclin B1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Farshadi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jie Yan
- Unit of Theoretical Chronobiology, Faculty of Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Leclere
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Goldbeter
- Unit of Theoretical Chronobiology, Faculty of Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Inês Chaves
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Xu H, Wang Z, Mo G, Chen H. Association between circadian gene CLOCK and cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells: A preliminary study. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:8945-8950. [PMID: 29844814 PMCID: PMC5958788 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to observe the expression of circadian gene clock circadian regulator (CLOCK) in ovarian cancer cells and the effects of circadian gene CLOCK on cis-dichlorodiamine platinum (cisplatin) resistance in ovarian cancer cells. The expression of CLOCK mRNA and protein in cisplatin-sensitive A2780 and cisplatin-resistant CP70 cells were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay. Cisplatin-sensitive A2780 and cisplatin-resistant CP70 cells were treated with different concentrations of cisplatin for 48 h, and the expression of hCLOCK protein in the two types of cells was detected by western blot assay. RNA interference method was used to knock down the expression of CLOCK in cisplatin-resistant CP70 cells. Subsequently, the cisplatin-resistant CP70 cells were treated with cisplatin. The proliferation of cisplatin-resistant CP70 cells was observed following treatment with cisplatin. The expression of CLOCK mRNA was significantly higher in cisplatin-resistant CP70 cells (1.58±0.49) compared with cisplatin-sensitive A2780 cells (0.44±0.13) (P<0.01). Western blot assay results demonstrated that the expression of CLOCK protein was significantly greater in the cisplatin-resistant CP70 cells (1.47±0.34) compared with the cisplatin-sensitive A2780 cells (0.48±0.15) (P<0.01). Following the treatment of A2780 and CP70 cells with cisplatin, CLOCK protein expression increased with an increased concentration of cisplatin, in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.01). Following the knockdown of CLOCK in cisplatin-resistant CP70 cells by RNA interference, cisplatin treatment was able to significantly inhibit the proliferation of cells and induce apoptosis (P<0.01). The expression of circadian gene CLOCK in ovarian cancer cells was strongly associated with cisplatin resistance. The upregulation of circadian gene CLOCK in ovarian cancer cells may reduce its sensitivity to cisplatin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Huangjiahu Hospital, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Huangjiahu Hospital, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Guoyan Mo
- China Key Laboratory of TCM Resource and Prescription, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Jingzhou, Hubei 434020, P.R. China
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22
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Gaucher J, Montellier E, Sassone-Corsi P. Molecular Cogs: Interplay between Circadian Clock and Cell Cycle. Trends Cell Biol 2018; 28:368-379. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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23
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Pierre K, Rao RT, Hartmanshenn C, Androulakis IP. Modeling the Influence of Seasonal Differences in the HPA Axis on Synchronization of the Circadian Clock and Cell Cycle. Endocrinology 2018; 159:1808-1826. [PMID: 29444258 PMCID: PMC6044315 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-03226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Synchronization of biological functions to environmental signals enables organisms to anticipate and appropriately respond to daily external fluctuations and is critical to the maintenance of homeostasis. Misalignment of circadian rhythms with environmental cues is associated with adverse health outcomes. Cortisol, the downstream effector of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activity, facilitates synchronization of peripheral biological processes to the environment. Cortisol levels exhibit substantial seasonal rhythmicity, with peak levels occurring during the short-photoperiod winter months and reduced levels occurring in the long-photoperiod summer season. Seasonal changes in cortisol secretion could therefore alter its entraining capabilities, resulting in a season-dependent modification in the alignment of biological activities with the environment. We develop a mathematical model to investigate the influence of photoperiod-induced seasonal differences in the circadian rhythmicity of the HPA axis on the synchronization of the peripheral circadian clock and cell cycle in a heterogeneous cell population. Model simulations predict that the high-amplitude cortisol rhythms in winter result in the greatest entrainment of peripheral oscillators. Furthermore, simulations predict a circadian gating of the cell cycle with respect to the expression of peripheral clock genes. Seasonal differences in cortisol rhythmicity are also predicted to influence mitotic synchrony, with a high-amplitude winter rhythm resulting in the greatest synchrony and a shift in timing of the cell cycle phases, relative to summer. Our results highlight the primary interactions among the HPA axis, the peripheral circadian clock, and the cell cycle and thereby provide an improved understanding of the implications of circadian misalignment on the synchronization of peripheral regulatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamau Pierre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Rohit T Rao
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Clara Hartmanshenn
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Ioannis P Androulakis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
- Correspondence: Ioannis P. Androulakis, PhD, Biomedical Engineering Department, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854. E-mail:
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24
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Zhanfeng N, Chengquan W, Hechun X, Jun W, Lijian Z, Dede M, Wenbin L, Lei Y. Period2 downregulation inhibits glioma cell apoptosis by activating the MDM2-TP53 pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 7:27350-62. [PMID: 27036047 PMCID: PMC5053655 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Period2 (Per2) gene is an essential component of the mammalian circadian clock and is strongly linked to glioma occurrence and its response to radiotherapy. Here, we examined the role of Per2 in the response to X-ray-induced DNA damage in U343 glioma cells and in a mouse cancer model. Following low dose X-ray irradiation, we observed that lowering Per2 expression using RNAi reduces DNA damage and cell death in U343 cells and glioma tissue. Additionally, Per2 was associated with increased TP53 activity and was involved in the DNA damage during TP53-mediated apoptosis. These findings suggest that Per2, a core circadian gene, is not only a tumor suppressor gene but can also be regarded as an upstream regulator of TP53. It thus appears that Per2 is an important inhibitor of tumor growth that acts by increasing TP53 expression, DNA damage repair, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niu Zhanfeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.,Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory for Cerebrocranial Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Wang Chengquan
- The People's Hospital of Liaocheng City, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Xia Hechun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.,Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory for Cerebrocranial Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Wang Jun
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.,Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory for Cerebrocranial Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Zhang Lijian
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.,Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory for Cerebrocranial Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Ma Dede
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.,Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory for Cerebrocranial Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Liu Wenbin
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.,Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory for Cerebrocranial Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yin Lei
- Department of ICU, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.,Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory for Cerebrocranial Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
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25
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Molecular Aspects of Circadian Pharmacology and Relevance for Cancer Chronotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102168. [PMID: 29039812 PMCID: PMC5666849 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian timing system (CTS) controls various biological functions in mammals including xenobiotic metabolism and detoxification, immune functions, cell cycle events, apoptosis and angiogenesis. Although the importance of the CTS is well known in the pharmacology of drugs, it is less appreciated at the clinical level. Genome-wide studies highlighted that the majority of drug target genes are controlled by CTS. This suggests that chronotherapeutic approaches should be taken for many drugs to enhance their effectiveness. Currently chronotherapeutic approaches are successfully applied in the treatment of different types of cancers. The chronotherapy approach has improved the tolerability and antitumor efficacy of anticancer drugs both in experimental animals and in cancer patients. Thus, chronobiological studies have been of importance in determining the most appropriate time of administration of anticancer agents to minimize their side effects or toxicity and enhance treatment efficacy, so as to optimize the therapeutic ratio. This review focuses on the underlying mechanisms of the circadian pharmacology i.e., chronopharmacokinetics and chronopharmacodynamics of anticancer agents with the molecular aspects, and provides an overview of chronotherapy in cancer and some of the recent advances in the development of chronopharmaceutics.
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26
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Corrà S, Salvadori R, Bee L, Barbieri V, Mognato M. Analysis of DNA-damage response to ionizing radiation in serum-shock synchronized human fibroblasts. Cell Biol Toxicol 2017; 33:373-388. [PMID: 28466226 PMCID: PMC5493713 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-017-9394-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Many aspects of cellular physiology, including cellular response to genotoxic stress, are related to the circadian rhythmicity induced by the molecular clock. The current study investigated if the cellular response to DNA damage is in relation to endogenous expression levels of the PER2 protein, a key component of the molecular regulatory system that confers rhythmicity in mammalian cells. Human normal fibroblasts (CCD-34Lu) were subjected to serum shock to induce circadian oscillations of the PER2 protein and then irradiated with γ- rays at times corresponding to the trough and peak expression of the PER2 protein. To better examine cellular response to DNA damage, the experiments performed in this study were carried out in non-proliferating CCD-34Lu fibroblasts in order to maintain the cell and circadian cycles separated while they were being exposed to genotoxic stress. Study results demonstrated that clonogenic cell survival, double-strand break repair kinetics, and TP53 protein levels were affected in the cells irradiated at the trough than in those irradiated at peak expression of the PER2 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Corrà
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58 B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Riccardo Salvadori
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58 B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Bee
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58 B, 35131, Padova, Italy.,Menarini Silicon Biosystems, 10355 Science Center Dr #210, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Vito Barbieri
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenteric Sciences, University of Padova, via Giustiniani 2, Padova, Italy
| | - Maddalena Mognato
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58 B, 35131, Padova, Italy.
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Does the Time of Radiotherapy Affect Treatment Outcomes? A Review of the Literature. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2017; 29:231-238. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Li XM, Lévi F. Circadian Physiology Is a Toxicity Target of the Anticancer Drug Gemcitabine in Mice. J Biol Rhythms 2016; 22:159-66. [PMID: 17440217 DOI: 10.1177/0748730406298984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The circadian timing system determines the optimal timing and waveform of drug tolerability, yet treatment itself can alter this system. Gemcitabine is an antimetabolite agent that is active against lung and pancreatic cancers. Tolerability for this drug is best following dosing at ZT 11 in mice. The authors investigated the effects of gemcitabine on the circadian rhythms in body temperature and rest activity as physiological markers of the circadian timing system. Healthy unrestrained B6D2F1 mice implanted with radiotelemetry transmitters were kept in LD 12:12 prior to receiving a single intravenous dose of gemcitabine (200, 400, or 600 mg/kg) at ZT 11 or 23. Gemcitabine (400 mg/kg) transiently suppressed the body temperature rhythm in 50% of the mice dosed at ZT 23, as compared to none of the mice treated at ZT 11 within the 2 days following drug dosing (Fisher 's exact test p = 0.04). The rest-activity circadian rhythm was suppressed in 40% (ZT 11) and 50% (ZT 23) of the mice, respectively. In the mice with persistent circadian rhythms, gemcitabine delivery at ZT 23 resulted in more prominent decreases and slower recovery of circadian mesor and amplitude of both rhythms as compared to mice treated at ZT 11. Gemcitabine also induced a transient internal desynchronization between temperature and activity rhythms following dosing at ZT 23 but not at ZT 11. The delivery of a single therapeutic dose of gemcitabine near its time of least toxicity produced least alterations in circadian physiological outputs, a finding that suggests that the extent of circadian disruption contributes to toxicokinetic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- X M Li
- INSERM, U776 "Rythmes biologiques et cancers", Univ Paris-Sud, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94800 Villejuif, France.
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29
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PFKFB3 Control of Cancer Growth by Responding to Circadian Clock Outputs. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24324. [PMID: 27079271 PMCID: PMC4832144 DOI: 10.1038/srep24324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian clock dysregulation promotes cancer growth. Here we show that PFKFB3, the gene that encodes for inducible 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase as an essential supporting enzyme of cancer cell survival through stimulating glycolysis, mediates circadian control of carcinogenesis. In patients with tongue cancers, PFKFB3 expression in both cancers and its surrounding tissues was increased significantly compared with that in the control, and was accompanied with dys-regulated expression of core circadian genes. In the in vitro systems, SCC9 tongue cancer cells displayed rhythmic expression of PFKFB3 and CLOCK that was distinct from control KC cells. Furthermore, PFKFB3 expression in SCC9 cells was stimulated by CLOCK through binding and enhancing the transcription activity of PFKFB3 promoter. Inhibition of PFKFB3 at zeitgeber time 7 (ZT7), but not at ZT19 caused significant decreases in lactate production and in cell proliferation. Consistently, PFKFB3 inhibition in mice at circadian time (CT) 7, but not CT19 significantly reduced the growth of implanted neoplasms. Taken together, these findings demonstrate PFKFB3 as a mediator of circadian control of cancer growth, thereby highlighting the importance of time-based PFKFB3 inhibition in cancer treatment.
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30
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Li HX, Fu XJ, Yang K, Chen D, Tang H, Zhao Q. The clock gene PER1 suppresses expression of tumor-related genes in human oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:20574-83. [PMID: 26943040 PMCID: PMC4991476 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal expression of the clock gene PER1 is highly correlated with carcinogenesis and the development of malignant tumors. Here, we designed short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) to effectively knock down PER1 in SCC15 human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. shRNA-mediated PER1 knockdown promoted SCC15 cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis resistance, migration and invasion in vitro. PER1 knockdown also increased the cells' expression of KI-67, MDM2, BCL-2, MMP2 and MMP9 mRNA, and decreased expression of C-MYC, p53, BAX and TIMP-2. In BALB/c nu/nu nude mice subcutaneously injected with SCC15 cells, PER1 knockdown in the cells enhanced tumor development, leading to increased tumor weights and volumes. These results suggest that PER1 is an important tumor suppressor gene and may be a useful molecular target for the treatment of cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Mouth Neoplasms/genetics
- Mouth Neoplasms/metabolism
- Mouth Neoplasms/pathology
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Period Circadian Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Period Circadian Proteins/genetics
- Period Circadian Proteins/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Xue Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Fu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Wu S, Fesler A, Ju J. Implications of Circadian Rhythm Regulation by microRNAs in Colorectal Cancer. CANCER TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 2:1-6. [PMID: 27747302 PMCID: PMC5065106 DOI: 10.4103/2395-3977.177555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To establish a connection between microRNA (miRNAs), circadian rhythm, and colorectal cancer patient survival. Methods Genomic and clinical data were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) colorectal cancer database, and the expression levels of candidate miRNAs and a set of circadian rhythm-related genes (Per1, Per2, Per3, Bmal1), and genes associated with chemosensitivity (thymidylate synthase, dihydrofolate reductase) were assessed for any correlations among their expression. In addition, survival analyses specific to different colorectal cancer stages were performed to determine if these genes contribute to patient outcomes. Results Significant inverse correlation between the expression of Per1 and that of miR-192 and miR-194 was observed. In survival analyses, high miR-192 and miR-194 correlate with better overall survival in Stage II patients, but worse survival in more advanced Stage III/IV patients. The expression of Per1, but Per2 or Bmal1, is marginally associated with patient survival for Stage II patients. Low thymidylate synthase expression correlates with better overall survival in Stage II patients but worse survival in Stage III/IV patients. Conclusion This study establishes a foundation based on a large genomic database of colorectal cancer, for further investigation into the importance of regulatory mechanisms of circadian rhythm by miRNAs in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wu
- Department of Applied Mathematics Statistics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Fesler
- Department of Pathology, Translational Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jingfang Ju
- Department of Pathology, Translational Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Sakamoto W, Takenoshita S. OVEREXPRESSION OF BOTH CLOCK AND BMAL1 INHIBITS ENTRY TO S PHASE IN HUMAN COLON CANCER CELLS. Fukushima J Med Sci 2015; 61:111-24. [PMID: 26370682 PMCID: PMC5131586 DOI: 10.5387/fms.2015-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many physiological, biochemical and behavioral processes operate under the circadian rhythm, which is generated by an internal time-keeping mechanism commonly referred to as the biological clock, in almost all organisms from bacteria to mammals. The core circadian oscillator is composed of an autoregulatory transcription-translation feedback loop, in which CLOCK and BMAL1 are positive regulators. A cell has two mechanisms, "cell cycle" and "cell rhythm", the relationship between which remains controversial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the effect of Clock and Bmal1 on cell cycle, especially on the G1 phase, using vectors with the tetracycline operator-repressor system. The present study revealed that simultaneous induction of Bmal1 and Clock had an influential effect on the cell cycle in SW480/T-REx/Clock/Bmal1 cells, in which both Clock and Bmal1 could be induced by tetracycline. The observation that induction of both Clock and Bmal1 inhibited cell growth and the significant increase of the G1 phase proportion of in SW480/T-REx/Clock/Bmal1 cells indicated that entry from the G1 to S phase was inhibited by the induction of Clock and Bmal1. Furthermore, overexpression of Clock and Bmal1 prevented the cells from entering into the G2/M phase induced by Paclitaxel, and made the cells more resistant to the agent. In conclusion, we found that overexpression of both Clock and Bmal1 suppressed cell growth. In addition, the present study raised the possibility that Clock and Bmal1 may in part play a role in preventing the cells from entering G1 to S phase of cell cycle via suppression of CyclinD1 expression, and thus acquiring resistance to Paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Sakamoto
- Department of Organ Regulatory Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
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Ochieng J, Nangami GN, Ogunkua O, Miousse IR, Koturbash I, Odero-Marah V, McCawley LJ, Nangia-Makker P, Ahmed N, Luqmani Y, Chen Z, Papagerakis S, Wolf GT, Dong C, Zhou BP, Brown DG, Colacci AM, Hamid RA, Mondello C, Raju J, Ryan EP, Woodrick J, Scovassi AI, Singh N, Vaccari M, Roy R, Forte S, Memeo L, Salem HK, Amedei A, Al-Temaimi R, Al-Mulla F, Bisson WH, Eltom SE. The impact of low-dose carcinogens and environmental disruptors on tissue invasion and metastasis. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36 Suppl 1:S128-59. [PMID: 26106135 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to stimulate new ideas regarding low-dose environmental mixtures and carcinogens and their potential to promote invasion and metastasis. Whereas a number of chapters in this review are devoted to the role of low-dose environmental mixtures and carcinogens in the promotion of invasion and metastasis in specific tumors such as breast and prostate, the overarching theme is the role of low-dose carcinogens in the progression of cancer stem cells. It is becoming clearer that cancer stem cells in a tumor are the ones that assume invasive properties and colonize distant organs. Therefore, low-dose contaminants that trigger epithelial-mesenchymal transition, for example, in these cells are of particular interest in this review. This we hope will lead to the collaboration between scientists who have dedicated their professional life to the study of carcinogens and those whose interests are exclusively in the arena of tissue invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiah Ochieng
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA, Department of Biology/Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA, Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical College, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia, Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy, Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA, Centre for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy, Urology Department, kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt, Department of Experimental and
| | - Gladys N Nangami
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA, Department of Biology/Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA, Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical College, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia, Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy, Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA, Centre for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy, Urology Department, kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt, Department of Experimental and
| | - Olugbemiga Ogunkua
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA, Department of Biology/Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA, Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical College, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia, Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy, Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA, Centre for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy, Urology Department, kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt, Department of Experimental and
| | - Isabelle R Miousse
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Igor Koturbash
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Valerie Odero-Marah
- Department of Biology/Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
| | - Lisa J McCawley
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Nuzhat Ahmed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yunus Luqmani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Zhenbang Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA, Department of Biology/Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA, Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical College, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia, Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy, Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA, Centre for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy, Urology Department, kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt, Department of Experimental and
| | - Silvana Papagerakis
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical College, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gregory T Wolf
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical College, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Chenfang Dong
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Binhua P Zhou
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Dustin G Brown
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - Anna Maria Colacci
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Roslida A Hamid
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Chiara Mondello
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Jayadev Raju
- Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - Jordan Woodrick
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - A Ivana Scovassi
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Neetu Singh
- Centre for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Rabindra Roy
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Stefano Forte
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy
| | - Hosni K Salem
- Urology Department, kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze 50134, Italy and
| | - Rabeah Al-Temaimi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - William H Bisson
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Sakina E Eltom
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA, Department of Biology/Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA, Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical College, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia, Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy, Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA, Centre for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy, Urology Department, kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt, Department of Experimental and
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Reyes M, Rojas-Alcayaga G, Maturana A, Aitken JP, Rojas C, Ortega AV. Increased nuclear β-catenin expression in oral potentially malignant lesions: A marker of epithelial dysplasia. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2015; 20:e540-6. [PMID: 26241451 PMCID: PMC4598921 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.20341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Deregulation of ?-catenin is associated with malignant transformation; however, its relationship with potentially malignant and malignant oral processes is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the nuclear ?-catenin expression in oral dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
Material and Methods Cross sectional study. Immunodetection of ?-catenin was performed on 72 samples, with the following distribution: 21 mild dysplasia, 12 moderate dysplasia, severe dysplasia 3, 36 OSCC including 19 well differentiated, 15 moderately differentiated and 2 poorly differentiated. Through microscopic observation the number of positive cells per 1000 epithelial cells was counted. For the statistical analysis, the Kruskal Wallis test was used. Results Nuclear expression of ?-catenin was observed in all samples with severe and moderate dysplasia, with a median of 267.5, in comparison to mild dysplasia whose median was 103.75. Only 10 samples (27.7%) with OSCC showed nuclear expression, with statistically significant differences between groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions Our results are consistent with most of the reports which show increased presence of ?-catenin in severe and moderate dysplasia compared to mild dysplasia; however the expression of nuclear ?-catenin decreased after starting the invasive neoplastic process. This suggests a role for this protein in the progression of dysplasia and early malignant transformation to OSCC. Immunodetection of ?-catenin could be a possible immune marker in the detection of oral dysplasia. Key words:Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), ?-catenin, oral dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Reyes
- Av. Sergio Livingstone 943, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Independencia, Santiago, Chile,
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35
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Circadian Rhythms and Breast Cancer: The Role of Per2 in Doxorubicin-Induced Cell Death. J Toxicol 2015; 2015:392360. [PMID: 26347774 PMCID: PMC4548136 DOI: 10.1155/2015/392360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian circadian rhythms form an integral physiological system allowing for the synchronisation of all metabolic processes to daily light/dark cycles, thereby optimising their efficacy. Circadian disruptions have been implicated in the onset and progression
of various cancers, including those arising in the breast. Several links between the circadian protein Per2 and DNA damage responses exist. Aberrant Per2 expression results in potent downstream effects on both cell cycle and apoptotic targets, suggestive of a tumour suppressive role for Per2. Due to the severe dose limiting side effects associated with current chemotherapeutic strategies, including the use of doxorubicin,
a need for more effective adjuvant therapies to increase cancer cell susceptibility has arisen. This study was therefore aimed at characterizing the role of Per2 in normal breast epithelia (MCF-12A) and in ER− breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) and also at determining the role of Per2 in doxorubicin-induced cell death. In both cell lines Per2 protein expression displayed a 24-hour circadian rhythm in both cell lines. Per2 was located predominantly in the cytoplasm, with nuclear localization observed with lower cytoplasmic fluorescent intensities. Our results show that Per2 silencing effectively sensitizes the chemoresistant MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells to the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin.
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Ye H, Yang K, Tan XM, Fu XJ, Li HX. Daily rhythm variations of the clock gene PER1 and cancer-related genes during various stages of carcinogenesis in a golden hamster model of buccal mucosa carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:1419-26. [PMID: 26089690 PMCID: PMC4467750 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s83710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have demonstrated that the clock gene PER1 regulates various tumor-related genes. Abnormal expressions and circadian rhythm alterations of PER1 are closely related to carcinogenesis. However, the dynamic circadian variations of PER1 and tumor-related genes at different stages of carcinogenesis remain unknown. This study was conducted to investigate the daily rhythm variation of PER1 and expression of tumor-related genes VEGF, KI67, C-MYC, and P53 in different stages of carcinogenesis. Materials and methods Dimethylbenzanthracene was used to establish a golden hamster model of buccal mucosa carcinogenesis. Hamsters with normal buccal mucosa, precancerous lesion, and cancerous lesion were sacrificed at six different time points during a 24-hour period of a day. Pathological examination was conducted using routine hematoxylin and eosin staining. PER1, VEGF, KI67, C-MYC, and P53 mRNAs were detected by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and a cosinor analysis was applied to analyze the daily rhythm. Results PER1, VEGF, C-MYC, and P53 mRNA exhibited daily rhythmic expression in three carcinogenesis stages, and KI67 mRNA exhibited daily rhythmic expression in the normal and precancerous stages. The daily rhythmic expression of KI67 was not observed in cancerous stages. The mesor and amplitude of PER1 and P53 mRNA expression decreased upon the development of cancer (P<0.05), whereas the mesor and amplitude of VEGF, KI67, and C-MYC mRNA increased upon the development of cancer (P<0.05). Compared with the normal tissues, the acrophases of PER1, VEGF, and C-MYC mRNA occurred earlier, whereas the acrophases of P53 and KI67 mRNA lagged remarkably in the precancerous lesions. In the cancer stage, the acrophases of VEGF and C-MYC mRNA occurred earlier and later, respectively, compared with the normal stage. Conclusion Variations in the daily rhythm characteristics of the clock gene PER1 and tumor-related genes VEGF, KI67, C-MYC, and P53 correlate with the development of cancer. Additional studies might provide new insights and methods to explore carcinogenic mechanisms and cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Ye
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Mei Tan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Juan Fu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Xue Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Circadian variations of clock gene Per2 and cell cycle genes in different stages of carcinogenesis in golden hamster buccal mucosa. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9997. [PMID: 25950458 PMCID: PMC4423449 DOI: 10.1038/srep09997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that the expression of clock genes have circadian rhythms, and many cell cycle genes are regulated by clock genes. The disruption of circadian rhythms appears to be associated with the acceleration of cancer development. To investigate the circadian patterns of the clock gene Per2 and of cell cycle genes p53, Cyclin D1, CDK1 and Cyclin B1 in different stages of carcinogenesis, the daily mRNA profiles of these genes were detected by real-time RT-PCR in dimethylbenzanthracene-induced cancer, in precancerous lesions and in normal tissues. Per2, p53, Cyclin D1 and CDK1 showed circadian rhythms in the 3 different stages of carcinogenesis, whereas the circadian rhythm of Cyclin B1 was absent in the precancerous lesions. The mesors and amplitudes of Per2 and p53 were decreased (P < 0.05), but the mesors of Cyclin D1, CDK1 and Cyclin B1 were increased with the development of cancer (P < 0.05). Compared with the normal tissues, the acrophases of Per2 and CDK1 were earlier in precancerous lesions, and the acrophases of Cyclin D1, CDK1 and Cyclin B1 occurred later in the cancer cells. Our study represents the first demonstration of the circadian pattern variations of these genes in different stages of carcinogenesis.
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Li Y, Li G, Görling B, Luy B, Du J, Yan J. Integrative analysis of circadian transcriptome and metabolic network reveals the role of de novo purine synthesis in circadian control of cell cycle. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1004086. [PMID: 25714999 PMCID: PMC4340947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism is the major output of the circadian clock in many organisms. We developed a computational method to integrate both circadian gene expression and metabolic network. Applying this method to zebrafish circadian transcriptome, we have identified large clusters of metabolic genes containing mostly genes in purine and pyrimidine metabolism in the metabolic network showing similar circadian phases. Our metabolomics analysis found that the level of inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP), an intermediate metabolite in de novo purine synthesis, showed significant circadian oscillation in larval zebrafish. We focused on IMP dehydrogenase (impdh), a rate-limiting enzyme in de novo purine synthesis, with three circadian oscillating gene homologs: impdh1a, impdh1b and impdh2. Functional analysis revealed that impdh2 contributes to the daily rhythm of S phase in the cell cycle while impdh1a contributes to ocular development and pigment synthesis. The three zebrafish homologs of impdh are likely regulated by different circadian transcription factors. We propose that the circadian regulation of de novo purine synthesis that supplies crucial building blocks for DNA replication is an important mechanism conferring circadian rhythmicity on the cell cycle. Our method is widely applicable to study the impact of circadian transcriptome on metabolism in complex organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Li
- CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Benjamin Görling
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute for Biological Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Burkhard Luy
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute for Biological Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jiulin Du
- Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Yan
- CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Neurospora crassa as a model organism to explore the interconnected network of the cell cycle and the circadian clock. Fungal Genet Biol 2014; 71:52-7. [PMID: 25239547 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Budding and fission yeast pioneered uncovering molecular mechanisms of eukaryotic cell division cycles. However, they do not possess canonical circadian clock machinery that regulates physiological processes with a period of about 24h. On the other hand, Neurospora crassa played a critical role in elucidating molecular mechanisms of circadian rhythms, but have not been utilized frequently for cell cycle studies. Recent findings demonstrate that there exists a conserved coupling between the cell cycle and the circadian clock from N.crassa to Mus musculus, which poses Neurospora as an ideal model organism to investigate molecular mechanisms and emerging behavior of the coupled network of the cell cycle and circadian rhythms. In this review, we briefly describe generic eukaryotic cell cycle regulation focusing on G1/S and G2/M transitions, and highlight that these transitions may be targeted for the circadian clock to influence timing of cell division cycles.
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Gotoh T, Vila-Caballer M, Santos CS, Liu J, Yang J, Finkielstein CV. The circadian factor Period 2 modulates p53 stability and transcriptional activity in unstressed cells. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:3081-93. [PMID: 25103245 PMCID: PMC4230596 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-05-0993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Period 2 forms a trimeric complex with p53 and Mdm2. As a result, p53’s transcriptional activity and stability are modulated in unstressed cells, ensuring that basal levels are present if a p53-mediated response is needed. These data provide evidence of cross-talk between circadian and checkpoint components, adding a level of regulation to the checkpoint. Human Period 2 (hPer2) is a transcriptional regulator at the core of the circadian clock mechanism that is responsible for generating the negative feedback loop that sustains the clock. Its relevance to human disease is underlined by alterations in its function that affect numerous biochemical and physiological processes. When absent, it results in the development of various cancers and an increase in the cell's susceptibility to genotoxic stress. Thus we sought to define a yet-uncharacterized checkpoint node in which circadian components integrate environmental stress signals to the DNA-damage response. We found that hPer2 binds the C-terminal half of human p53 (hp53) and forms a stable trimeric complex with hp53’s negative regulator, Mdm2. We determined that hPer2 binding to hp53 prevents Mdm2 from being ubiquitinated and targeting hp53 by the proteasome. Down-regulation of hPer2 expression directly affects hp53 levels, whereas its overexpression influences both hp53 protein stability and transcription of targeted genes. Overall our findings place hPer2 directly at the heart of the hp53-mediated response by ensuring that basal levels of hp53 are available to precondition the cell when a rapid, hp53-mediated, transcriptional response is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Gotoh
- Integrated Cellular Responses Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Marian Vila-Caballer
- Integrated Cellular Responses Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Carlo S Santos
- Integrated Cellular Responses Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Integrated Cellular Responses Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Jianhua Yang
- Integrated Cellular Responses Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Carla V Finkielstein
- Integrated Cellular Responses Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
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Innominato PF, Roche VP, Palesh OG, Ulusakarya A, Spiegel D, Lévi FA. The circadian timing system in clinical oncology. Ann Med 2014; 46:191-207. [PMID: 24915535 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2014.916990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian timing system (CTS) controls several critical molecular pathways for cancer processes and treatment effects over the 24 hours, including drug metabolism, cell cycle, apoptosis, and DNA damage repair mechanisms. This results in the circadian time dependency of whole-body and cellular pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anticancer agents. However, CTS robustness and phase varies among cancer patients, based on circadian monitoring of rest- activity, body temperature, sleep, and/or hormonal secretion rhythms. Circadian disruption has been further found in up to 50% of patients with metastatic cancer. Such disruption was associated with poor outcomes, including fatigue, anorexia, sleep disorders, and short progression-free and overall survival. Novel, minimally invasive devices have enabled continuous CTS assessment in non-hospitalized cancer patients. They revealed up to 12-hour differences in individual circadian phase. Taken together, the data support the personalization of chronotherapy. This treatment method aims at the adjustment of cancer treatment delivery according to circadian rhythms, using programmable-in-time pumps or novel release formulations, in order to increase both efficacy and tolerability. A fixed oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin chronotherapy protocol prolonged median overall survival in men with metastatic colorectal cancer by 3.3 months as compared to conventional delivery, according to a meta-analysis (P=0.009). Further analyses revealed the need for the prevention of circadian disruption or the restoration of robust circadian function in patients on chronotherapy, in order to further optimize treatment effects. The strengthening of external synchronizers could meet such a goal, through programmed exercise, meal timing, light exposure, improved social support, sleep scheduling, and the properly timed administration of drugs that target circadian clocks. Chrono-rehabilitation warrants clinical testing for improving quality of life and survival in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale F Innominato
- INSERM, UMRS 776 'Biological Rhythms and Cancers', Campus CNRS , 7 rue Guy Môquet, 94801 Villejuif Cedex , France
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Abstract
The circadian clock is an endogenous timekeeper system that controls the daily rhythms of a variety of physiological processes. Accumulating evidence indicates that genetic changes or unhealthy lifestyle can lead to a disruption of circadian homeostasis, which is a risk factor for severe dysfunctions and pathologies including cancer. Cell cycle, proliferation, and cell death are closely intertwined with the circadian clock, and thus disruption of circadian rhythms appears to be linked to cancer development and progression. At the molecular level, the cell cycle machinery and the circadian clocks are controlled by similar mechanisms, including feedback loops of genes and protein products that display periodic activation and repression. Here, we review the circadian rhythmicity of genes associated with the cell cycle, proliferation, and apoptosis, and we highlight the potential connection between these processes, the circadian clock, and neoplastic transformations. Understanding these interconnections might have potential implications for the prevention and therapy of malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matúš Soták
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Prague , Czech Republic
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43
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Papagerakis S, Pannone G, Zheng L, About I, Taqi N, Nguyen NPT, Matossian M, McAlpin B, Santoro A, McHugh J, Prince ME, Papagerakis P. Oral epithelial stem cells - implications in normal development and cancer metastasis. Exp Cell Res 2014; 325:111-29. [PMID: 24803391 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oral mucosa is continuously exposed to environmental forces and has to be constantly renewed. Accordingly, the oral mucosa epithelium contains a large reservoir of epithelial stem cells necessary for tissue homeostasis. Despite considerable scientific advances in stem cell behavior in a number of tissues, fewer studies have been devoted to the stem cells in the oral epithelium. Most of oral mucosa stem cells studies are focused on identifying cancer stem cells (CSC) in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) among other head and neck cancers. OSCCs are the most prevalent epithelial tumors of the head and neck region, marked by their aggressiveness and invasiveness. Due to their highly tumorigenic properties, it has been suggested that CSC may be the critical population of cancer cells in the development of OSCC metastasis. This review presents a brief overview of epithelium stem cells with implications in oral health, and the clinical implications of the CSC concept in OSCC metastatic dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Papagerakis
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Giuseppe Pannone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Li Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Imad About
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, 13288, Marseille cedex 09, France
| | - Nawar Taqi
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nghia P T Nguyen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Margarite Matossian
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Blake McAlpin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Angela Santoro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Jonathan McHugh
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mark E Prince
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Petros Papagerakis
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Organogenesis, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Noh JM, Choi DH, Park H, Huh SJ, Park W, Seol SW, Jeong BK, Nam SJ, Lee JE, Kil WH. Comparison of acute skin reaction following morning versus late afternoon radiotherapy in patients with breast cancer who have undergone curative surgical resection. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2014; 55:553-8. [PMID: 24385471 PMCID: PMC4014164 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrt141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between the time of radiotherapy (RT) and treatment outcomes in breast cancer. Patients with pathologic T1-2N0-1 breast cancer who received adjuvant RT in the morning (before 10:00 AM) or late afternoon (after 3:00 PM) were eligible for inclusion in this study. We retrospectively compared the clinicopathologic characteristics, acute skin reaction, and survival outcomes according to the time of RT. The median follow-up duration was 83 months (range, 10-131 months). From the 395 eligible patients, 190 (48.1%) and 205 (51.9%) patients were classified into the morning RT group and the afternoon RT group, respectively. The clinicopathologic characteristics were relatively well balanced between the treatment groups, except for pathologic N-stage (P = 0.0409). Grade 2 or higher acute skin reaction according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group criteria was observed in 39 (9.9%) patients, with a higher frequency in the afternoon RT group than the morning RT group (13.7% vs 5.8%, respectively; P = 0.0088). There was no difference in the failure patterns or survival outcomes between the treatment groups. RT in late afternoon was associated with increased Grade 2 or more skin reaction after RT for breast cancer patients, but treatment outcomes did not differ according to the time of RT. Individualized considerations for treatment should be taken into account to reduce the risk of skin reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Myoung Noh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, #50 Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Ho Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, #50 Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojung Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, #50 Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jae Huh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, #50 Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, #50 Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Won Seol
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, #50 Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Bae Kwon Jeong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Chiram-dong, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Jin Nam
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, #50 Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eon Lee
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, #50 Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ho Kil
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, #50 Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea
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Hamada T, Niki T, Ishida N. Role of p53 in the entrainment of mammalian circadian behavior rhythms. Genes Cells 2014; 19:441-8. [DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Hamada
- Applied Molecular-Imaging Physics; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine; Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8638 Japan
- Ishida Group of Clock Gene; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8566 Japan
| | - Tomoko Niki
- Ishida Group of Clock Gene; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8566 Japan
| | - Norio Ishida
- Ishida Group of Clock Gene; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8566 Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Tsukuba; Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8566 Japan
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46
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Improving therapeutic ratio in head and neck cancer with adjuvant and cisplatin-based treatments. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:817279. [PMID: 24455727 PMCID: PMC3881661 DOI: 10.1155/2013/817279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Advanced head and neck cancers are difficult to manage despite the large treatment arsenal currently available. The multidisciplinary effort to increase disease-free survival and diminish normal tissue toxicity was rewarded with better locoregional control and sometimes fewer side effects. Nevertheless, locoregional recurrence is still one of the main reasons for treatment failure. Today, the standard of care in head and neck cancer management is represented by altered fractionation radiotherapy combined with platinum-based chemotherapy. Targeted therapies as well as chronotherapy were trialled with more or less success. The aim of the current work is to review the available techniques, which could contribute towards a higher therapeutic ratio in the treatment of advanced head and neck cancer patients.
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47
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Kelleher FC, Rao A, Maguire A. Circadian molecular clocks and cancer. Cancer Lett 2013; 342:9-18. [PMID: 24099911 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Physiological processes such as the sleep-wake cycle, metabolism and hormone secretion are controlled by a circadian rhythm adapted to 24h day-night periodicity. This circadian synchronisation is in part controlled by ambient light decreasing melatonin secretion by the pineal gland and co-ordinated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. Peripheral cell autonomous circadian clocks controlled by the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the master regulator, exist within every cell of the body and are comprised of at least twelve genes. These include the basic helix-loop-helix/PAS domain containing transcription factors; Clock, BMal1 and Npas2 which activate transcription of the periodic genes (Per1 and Per2) and cryptochrome genes (Cry1 and Cry2). Points of coupling exist between the cellular clock and the cell cycle. Cell cycle genes which are affected by the molecular circadian clock include c-Myc, Wee1, cyclin D and p21. Therefore the rhythm of the circadian clock and cancer are interlinked. Molecular examples exist including activation of Per2 leads to c-myc overexpression and an increased tumor incidence. Mice with mutations in Cryptochrome 1 and 2 are arrhythmic (lack a circadian rhythm) and arrhythmic mice have a faster rate of growth of implanted tumors. Epidemiological finding of relevance include 'The Nurses' Health Study' where it was established that women working rotational night shifts have an increased incidence of breast cancer. Compounds that affect circadian rhythm exist with attendant future therapeutic possibilities. These include casein kinase I inhibitors and a candidate small molecule KL001 that affects the degradation of cryptochrome. Theoretically the cell cycle and malignant disease may be targeted vicariously by selective alteration of the cellular molecular clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fergal C Kelleher
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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48
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Pácha J, Sumová A. Circadian regulation of epithelial functions in the intestine. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2013; 208:11-24. [PMID: 23461998 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Many physiological functions exhibit a diurnal rhythmicity that is influenced by biological clocks and feeding rhythms. In this review, we discuss the growing evidence showing the important role of circadian rhythms in regulating intestinal mucosa. First, we introduce the molecular timing system and the interrelationship between the master biological clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the brain and the peripheral intestinal clock and provide evidence that the intestinal clock is entrained with the external environment. Second, we review the circadian rhythmicity of enterocyte proliferation and the largely unknown regulatory mechanisms behind these rhythms. Finally, we focus on the circadian clock control of food processing that functions by regulating the expression of digestive enzymes and intestinal nutrient and salt transporters. The concepts to be discussed highlight the ability of the intestinal epithelium to utilize self-sustained clock signals together with signals associated with changes in the cellular environment and to use endogenous temporal control of the gastrointestinal functions to meet varying physiological and pathophysiological demands. The fact that internal de-synchronizations within the body, such as those that occur in shift workers or with changes in food intake behaviour, are often associated with malfunctions of the gastrointestinal tract indicates that more information about the connections between the circadian clock and intestinal mucosa/transporting enterocytes could provide clues for future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Pácha
- Institute of Physiology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague; Czech Republic
| | - A. Sumová
- Institute of Physiology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague; Czech Republic
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Horiguchi M, Koyanagi S, Hamdan AM, Kakimoto K, Matsunaga N, Yamashita C, Ohdo S. Rhythmic Control of the ARF-MDM2 Pathway by ATF4 Underlies Circadian Accumulation of p53 in Malignant Cells. Cancer Res 2013; 73:2639-49. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-2492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Weigl Y, Ashkenazi IE, Peleg L. Rhythmic profiles of cell cycle and circadian clock gene transcripts in mice: a possible association between two periodic systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 216:2276-82. [PMID: 23531816 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.081729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The circadian system shapes the rhythms of most biological functions. The regulation of the cell cycle by a circadian clock was suggested to operate via stages S, G2 and G2/M. This study investigated a possible time link at stages G1 and G1/S as well. The daily expression profiles of cell cycle markers (Ccnd1, Ccne1 and Pcna) and circadian clock genes (Per2 and Clock) were monitored in liver and esophagus (low and high proliferation index, respectively) of BALB/c mice. Locomotor activity displayed a 24 h rhythm, establishing the circadian organization of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. In the liver, the mRNA level of Per2 and Clock fitted the circadian rhythm with a 7.5 h shift. This temporal pattern suggests that the liver harbors a functional circadian clock. The rhythm of the analyzed cell cycle genes, however, was of low significance fitness and showed an opposite peak time between Pcna and Clock. These results indicate a weak regulatory role of the circadian clock. In the esophagus, the rhythms of Clock and Per2 mRNA had a similar peak time and non-circadian periods. These results suggest either that the esophagus does not harbor a functional circadian apparatus or that the phenotypes stem from differences in phase and amplitude of the rhythms of its various cell types. The similarity in the rhythm parameters of Clock, Ccne1 and Pcna transcripts questions the control of the circadian clock on the cell cycle along the G1 and G1/S stages. Yet the G1/S transition may play a role in modulating the local clock of proliferating tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Weigl
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
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