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Manori B, Vaknin A, Vaňková P, Nitzan A, Zaidel-Bar R, Man P, Giladi M, Haitin Y. Chloride intracellular channel (CLIC) proteins function as fusogens. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2085. [PMID: 38453905 PMCID: PMC10920813 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46301-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Chloride Intracellular Channel (CLIC) family members uniquely transition between soluble and membrane-associated conformations. Despite decades of extensive functional and structural studies, CLICs' function as ion channels remains debated, rendering our understanding of their physiological role incomplete. Here, we expose the function of CLIC5 as a fusogen. We demonstrate that purified CLIC5 directly interacts with the membrane and induces fusion, as reflected by increased liposomal diameter and lipid and content mixing between liposomes. Moreover, we show that this activity is facilitated by acidic pH, a known trigger for CLICs' transition to a membrane-associated conformation, and that increased exposure of the hydrophobic inter-domain interface is crucial for this process. Finally, mutation of a conserved hydrophobic interfacial residue diminishes the fusogenic activity of CLIC5 in vitro and impairs excretory canal extension in C. elegans in vivo. Together, our results unravel the long-sought physiological role of these enigmatic proteins.
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Grants
- 1721/16 Israel Science Foundation (ISF)
- 1653/21 Israel Science Foundation (ISF)
- 3308/20 Israel Science Foundation (ISF)
- 01214 Israel Cancer Research Fund (Israel Cancer Research Fund, Inc.)
- 19202 Israel Cancer Research Fund (Israel Cancer Research Fund, Inc.)
- 20230029 Israel Cancer Association (ICA)
- CZ.1.05/1.1.00/02.0109 Ministerstvo školstva, vedy, výskumu a športu Slovenskej republiky (Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic)
- 731077 EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020)
- The Claire and Amedee Maratier Institute for the Study of Blindness and Visual Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University.
- The Czech Infrastructure for Integrative Structural Biology (CIISB) grant (LM2023042).
- The Kahn Foundation's Orion project, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Israel. The Claire and Amedee Maratier Institute for the Study of Blindness and Visual Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bar Manori
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Alisa Vaknin
- School of Chemistry, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Pavla Vaňková
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Division BioCeV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Anat Nitzan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Ronen Zaidel-Bar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Petr Man
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Division BioCeV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Moshe Giladi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801, Israel.
- Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, 6423906, Israel.
| | - Yoni Haitin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801, Israel.
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.
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2
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Kiani M, Moraffah F, Khonsari F, Kharazian B, Dinarvand R, Shokrgozar MA, Atyabi F. Co-delivery of simvastatin and microRNA-21 through liposome could accelerates the wound healing process. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 154:213658. [PMID: 37866233 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The gene delivery approach, mainly microRNAs (miRNA) as key wound healing mediators, has recently received extensive attention. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) has strongly impacted wound healing by affecting the inflammation and proliferation phases. Previous studies have also demonstrated the beneficial effect of simvastatin on wound healing. Therefore, we designed a dual-drug/gene delivery system using PEGylated liposomes that could simultaneously attain the co-encapsulation and co-delivery of miRNA and simvastatin (SIM) to explore the combined effect of this dual-drug delivery system on wound healing. The PEG-liposomes for simvastatin and miR-21 plasmid (miR-21-P/SIM/Liposomes) were prepared using the thin-film hydration method. The liposomes showed 85 % entrapment efficiency for SIM in the lipid bilayer and high physical entrapment of miR-21-P in the inner cavity. In vitro studies demonstrated no cytotoxicity for the carrier on normal human dermal fibroblast cells (NHDF) and 97 % cellular uptake over 2 h incubation. The scratch test revealed excellent cell proliferation and migration after treatment with miR-21-P/SIM/Liposomes. For the in vivo experiments, a full-thickness cutaneous wound model was used. The wound closure on day 8 was higher for Liposomal formulation containing miR-21-P promoting faster re-epithelialization. On day 12, all treated groups showed complete wound closure. However, following histological analysis, the miR-21-P/SIM/Liposomes revealed the best tissue regeneration, similar to normal functional skin, by reduced inflammation and increased re-epithelialization, collagen deposition and angiogenesis. In conclusion, the designed miR-21-P/SIM/Liposomes could significantly accelerate the process of wound healing, which provides a new strategy for the management of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melika Kiani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moraffah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khonsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahar Kharazian
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Pharmacy, De Mont Fort University, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Harris M, Dolan RF, Bryce JR, Ewusi JG, Cook GA. In Vitro Glycosylation of the Membrane Protein γ-Sarcoglycan in Nanodiscs. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:40904-40910. [PMID: 37929139 PMCID: PMC10620887 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Membrane glycoproteins are proteins that reside in the membranes of cells and are post-translationally modified to have sugars attached to their amino acid side chains. Studies of this subset of proteins in their native states are becoming more important since they have been linked to numerous human diseases. However, these proteins are difficult to study due to their hydrophobic nature and their propensity to aggregate. Using membrane mimetics allows us to solubilize these proteins, which, in turn, allows us to perform glycosylation in vitro to study the effects of the modification on protein structure, dynamics, and interactions. Here, the membrane glycoprotein γ-sarcoglycan was incorporated into nanodiscs composed of long-chain lipids and membrane scaffold proteins to perform N-linked glycosylation in which an enzyme attaches a sugar to the asparagine side chain within the glycosylation site. We previously performed glycosylation of membrane proteins in vitro when the protein had been solubilized using different detergents and short-chain lipids. This work demonstrates successful glycosylation of a full-length membrane protein in nanodiscs providing a more biologically relevant sample to study the effects of the modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael
S. Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Rachel F. Dolan
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - James R. Bryce
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Jonas G. Ewusi
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Gabriel A. Cook
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
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4
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Napierkowski M, Janke U, Rong A, Delcea M, Bandaru SSM, Schulzke C, Bednarski PJ. Liposomal formulation of model pentathiepin improves solubility and stability toward glutathione while preserving anticancer activity. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2300087. [PMID: 37507825 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The biological properties of pentathiepins have been attracting increased attention in recent years. Experiments have shown a wide range of effects of pentathiepins in vitro, such as induction of apoptosis and alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential in cancer cells, and inhibition of antioxidant enzymes, for example, glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1). Biological evaluation is sometimes limited due to low aqueous solubility, high lipophilicity, and poor stability toward thiols, for example, glutathione (GSH). To assess whether liposomes are suitable as drug carriers to overcome these drawbacks, a model pentathiepin was formulated in a liposomal preparation. The success of loading liposomes with pentathiepins was evaluated by using ultraviolet-visible light (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Through inclusion into 100-nm-sized 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine liposomes, the aqueous solubility of a representative pentathiepin could be increased by several orders of magnitude to ca. 400 µM. The stability of the pentathiepin in the presence of GSH was increased fourfold as determined by UV-Vis spectroscopy. In antiproliferation experiments with two human cancer cell lines, no decrease in potency in the liposomal loaded pentathiepin compared to the free pentathiepin was found. In conclusion, liposomes are a suitable carrier for pentathiepins and improve both solubility and stability in the presence of thiols without compromising anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Napierkowski
- Pharmazeutische/Medizinische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Una Janke
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alena Rong
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mihaela Delcea
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Carola Schulzke
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Patrick J Bednarski
- Pharmazeutische/Medizinische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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5
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Chen JY, Agrawal S, Yi HP, Vallejo D, Agrawal A, Lee AP. Cell-Sized Lipid Vesicles as Artificial Antigen-Presenting Cells for Antigen-Specific T Cell Activation. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2203163. [PMID: 36645182 PMCID: PMC10175210 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, efficient T cell activation is demonstrated using cell-sized artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) with protein-conjugated bilayer lipid membranes that mimic biological cell membranes. The highly uniform aAPCs are generated by a facile method based on standard droplet microfluidic devices. These aAPCs are able to activate the T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, showing a 28-fold increase in interferon gamma (IFNγ) secretion, a 233-fold increase in antigen-specific CD8 T cells expansion, and a 16-fold increase of CD4 T cell expansion. The aAPCs do not require repetitive boosting or additional stimulants and can function at a relatively low aAPC-to-T cell ratio (1:17). The research presents strong evidence that the surface fluidity and size of the aAPCs are critical to the effective formation of immune synapses essential for T cell activation. The findings demonstrate that the microfluidic-generated aAPCs can be instrumental in investigating the physiological conditions and mechanisms for T cell activation. Finally, this method demonstrates the feasibility of customizable aAPCs for a cost-effective off-the-shelf approach to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Yi Chen
- Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | - Sudhanshu Agrawal
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | - Hsiu-Ping Yi
- Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | - Derek Vallejo
- Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | - Anshu Agrawal
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | - Abraham P Lee
- Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
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6
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Pfeffermann J, Pohl P. Tutorial for Stopped-Flow Water Flux Measurements: Why a Report about “Ultrafast Water Permeation through Nanochannels with a Densely Fluorous Interior Surface” Is Flawed. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030431. [PMID: 36979366 PMCID: PMC10046062 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Millions of years of evolution have produced proteinaceous water channels (aquaporins) that combine perfect selectivity with a transport rate at the edge of the diffusion limit. However, Itoh et al. recently claimed in Science that artificial channels are 100 times faster and almost as selective. The published deflation kinetics of vesicles containing channels or channel elements indicate otherwise, since they do not demonstrate the facilitation of water transport. In an illustrated tutorial on the experimental basis of stopped-flow measurements, we point out flaws in data processing. In contrast to the assumption voiced in Science, individual vesicles cannot simultaneously shrink with two different kinetics. Moreover, vesicle deflation within the dead time of the instrument cannot be detected. Since flawed reports of ultrafast water channels in Science are not a one-hit-wonder as evidenced by a 2018 commentary by Horner and Pohl in Science, we further discuss the achievable limits of single-channel water permeability. After analyzing (i) diffusion limits for permeation through narrow channels and (ii) hydrodynamics in the surrounding reservoirs, we conclude that it is unlikely to fundamentally exceed the evolutionarily optimized water-channeling performance of the fastest aquaporins while maintaining near-perfect selectivity.
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7
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Maleš P, Butumović M, Erceg I, Brkljača Z, Bakarić D. Influence of DPPE surface undulations on melting temperature determination: UV/Vis spectroscopic and MD study. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184072. [PMID: 36216096 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
One of the most distinguished quantities that describes lipid main phase transition, i.e. the transition from the gel (Lβ(')) to the fluid (Lα) phase, is its melting temperature (Tm). Because melting is accompanied by a large change in enthalpy the, Lβ(') → Lα transition can be monitored by various calorimetric, structural and spectroscopic techniques and Tm should be the same regardless of the metric monitored or the technique employed. However, in the case of DPPE multilamellar aggregates there is a small but systematic deviation of Tm values determined by DSC and FTIR spectroscopy. The aim of this paper is to explain this discrepancy by combined UV/Vis spectroscopic and MD computational approach. Multivariate analysis performed on temperature-dependent UV/Vis spectra of DPPE suspensions demonstrated that at 55 ± 1 °C certain phenomenon causes a small but detectable change in suspension turbidity, whereas a dominant change in the latter is registered at 63.2 ± 0.4 °C that coincides with Tm value determined from DSC curve. If this effect should be ignored, the overall data give Tm value the same as FTIR spectra data (61.0 ± 0.4 °C). As the classical MD simulations suggest that about 10° below Tm certain undulations appear at the surface of DPPE bilayers, we concluded that certain discontinuities in curvature fluctuations arise at reported temperature which are to some extent coupled with lipid melting. Ultimately, such events and the associated changes in curvature affect Tm value measured by different techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Maleš
- Division for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Butumović
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ina Erceg
- Division for Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zlatko Brkljača
- Division for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Danijela Bakarić
- Division for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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8
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Sokolov SS, Popova MM, Pohl P, Horner A, Akimov SA, Kireeva NA, Knorre DA, Batishchev OV, Severin FF. Structural Role of Plasma Membrane Sterols in Osmotic Stress Tolerance of Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1278. [PMID: 36557185 PMCID: PMC9781751 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12121278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Yeast S. cerevisiae has been shown to suppress a sterol biosynthesis as a response to hyperosmotic stress. In the case of sodium stress, the failure to suppress biosynthesis leads to an increase in cytosolic sodium. The major yeast sterol, ergosterol, is known to regulate functioning of plasma membrane proteins. Therefore, it has been suggested that the suppression of its biosynthesis is needed to adjust the activity of the plasma membrane sodium pumps and channels. However, as the sterol concentration is in the range of thirty to forty percent of total plasma membrane lipids, it is believed that its primary biological role is not regulatory but structural. Here we studied how lowering the sterol content affects the response of a lipid bilayer to an osmotic stress. In accordance with previous observations, we found that a decrease of the sterol fraction increases a water permeability of the liposomal membranes. Yet, we also found that sterol-free giant unilamellar vesicles reduced their volume during transient application of the hyperosmotic stress to a greater extent than the sterol-rich ones. Furthermore, our data suggest that lowering the sterol content in yeast cells allows the shrinkage to prevent the osmotic pressure-induced plasma membrane rupture. We also found that mutant yeast cells with the elevated level of sterol accumulated propidium iodide when exposed to mild hyperosmotic conditions followed by hypoosmotic stress. It is likely that the decrease in a plasma membrane sterol content stimulates a drop in cell volume under hyperosmotic stress, which is beneficial in the case of a subsequent hypo-osmotic one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svyatoslav S. Sokolov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-40 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina M. Popova
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/4 Leninskiyprospekt, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter Pohl
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstraße 40, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Andreas Horner
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstraße 40, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Sergey A. Akimov
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/4 Leninskiyprospekt, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia A. Kireeva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-40 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry A. Knorre
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-40 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg V. Batishchev
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/4 Leninskiyprospekt, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Fedor F. Severin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-40 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Maleš P, Pem B, Petrov D, Jurašin DD, Bakarić D. Deciphering the origin of the melting profile of unilamellar phosphatidylcholine liposomes by measuring the turbidity of its suspensions. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:6703-6715. [PMID: 36017811 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00878e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The elucidation of the thermal properties of phosphatidylcholine liposomes is often based on the analysis of the thermal capacity profiles of multilamellar liposomes (MLV), which may qualitatively disagree with those of unilamellar liposomes (LUV). Experiments and interpretation of LUV liposomes is further complicated by aggregation and lamellarization of lipid bilayers in a short time period, which makes it almost impossible to distinguish the signatures of the two types of bilayers. To characterize independently MLV and LUV of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), the latter were prepared with the addition of small amounts of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylglycerol (DPPG) which, due to the sterical hindrance and negative charge at a given pH value, cause LUV repellence and contribute to their stability. Differential scanning calorimetry curves and temperature-dependent UV/Vis spectra of the prepared MLV and LUV were measured. Multivariate analysis of spectrophotometric data determined the phase transition temperatures (pretransition at Tp and the main phase transition at Tm), and based on the changes in turbidities, the thickness of the lipid bilayer in LUV was determined. The obtained data suggested that the curvature change is a key distinguishing factor in MLV and LUV heat capacity profiles. By combining the experimental results and those obtained by MD simulations, the interfacial water layer was characterized and its contribution to the thermal properties of LUV was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Maleš
- Division for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Barbara Pem
- Division for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Dražen Petrov
- Institute of Molecular Modeling and Simulation, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Darija Domazet Jurašin
- Division for Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danijela Bakarić
- Division for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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10
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Tian Y, Xue C, Zhang W, Chen C, Ma L, Niu Q, Wu L, Yan X. Refractive Index Determination of Individual Viruses and Small Extracellular Vesicles in Aqueous Media Using Nano-Flow Cytometry. Anal Chem 2022; 94:14299-14307. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- Department of Chemical Biology, the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengfeng Xue
- Department of Chemical Biology, the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenqiang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Biology, the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaoxiang Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology, the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Chemical Biology, the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Niu
- Department of Chemical Biology, the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lina Wu
- Department of Chemical Biology, the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- Department of Chemical Biology, the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Chen C, Zhou Y, Chen C, Zhu S, Yan X. Quantification of Available Ligand Density on the Surface of Targeted Liposomal Nanomedicines at the Single-Particle Level. ACS NANO 2022; 16:6886-6897. [PMID: 35394292 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Active targeting has been hailed as one of the most promising strategies to further enhance the therapeutic efficacy of liposomal nanomedicines. Owing to the critical role of ligand density in mediating cellular uptake and the intrinsic heterogeneity of liposomal formulations, precise quantification of the surface ligand density on a single-particle basis is of fundamental importance. In this work, we report a method to simultaneously measure the particle size and the number of ligands on the same liposomal nanoparticles by nanoflow cytometry. Then the ligand density for each individual liposome can be determined. With an analysis rate up to 10 000 particles per minute, a statistically representative distribution of ligand density could be determined in minutes. By utilizing fluorescently labeled recombinant receptors as the detection probe against the conjugated ligands, only those available for cell targeting can be exclusively detected. The influence of ligand input, conjugation strategy, and the polyethylene glycol spacer length on the available ligand density of folate-modified liposomes was investigated. The correlation between the available ligand density and cell targeting capability was assessed in a quantitative perspective for liposomes modified with three different targeting moieties. The optimal ligand density was determined to be 0.5-2.0, 0.7, and 0.2 ligand per 100 nm2 for folate-, transferrin-, and HER2-antibody-conjugated liposomes, respectively. These optimal values agreed well with the spike density of the natural counterparts, viruses. The as-developed approach is generally applicable to a wide range of active-targeting nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxiang Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxing Zhou
- Department of Chemical Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaobin Zhu
- Department of Chemical Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- Department of Chemical Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
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12
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Gordon F, Casamayou-Boucau Y, Ryder AG. Evaluating the interaction of human serum albumin (HSA) and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) liposomes in different aqueous environments using anisotropy resolved multi-dimensional emission spectroscopy (ARMES). Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 211:112310. [PMID: 35007857 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Studying the interaction between plasma proteins and liposomes is critical, particularly for their use as drug delivery systems. Here, the efficacy of anisotropy resolved multidimensional emission spectroscopy (ARMES) for investigating the interaction of human serum albumin (HSA) with liposomes was explored and compared to conventional spectroscopic techniques. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and absorbance spectroscopy (with Multivariate Curve Resolution (MCR) modeling) indicated that the highest degree of liposome rupturing, and aggregation occurred in water, with less in ammonium bicarbonate buffer (ABC) and phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Fluorescence emission spectra of HSA-liposome mixtures revealed significant hypsochromic shifts for water and ABC, but much less in PBS, where the data suggests a non-penetrating protein layer was formed. Average fluorescence lifetimes decreased upon liposome interaction in water (6.2→5.2 ns) and ABC buffer (6.3→5.6 ns) but increased slightly for PBS (5.6→5.8 ns). ARMES using polarized Total Synchronous Fluorescence Scan measurements with parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis resolved intrinsic HSA fluorescence into two components for interactions in water and ABC buffer, but only one component for PBS. These components, in water and ABC buffer, corresponded to two different HSA populations, one blue-shifted and penetrating the liposomes (λex/em = ~ 280/320 nm) and a second, similar to free HSA in solution (λex/em = ~ 282/356 nm). PARAFAC scores for water and ABC buffer suggested that a large proportion of HSA interacted in an end on configuration. ARMES provides a new way for investigating protein-liposome interactions that exploits the full intrinsic emission space of the protein and thus avoids the use of extrinsic labels. The use of multivariate data analysis provided a comprehensive and structured framework to extract a variety of useful information (resolving different fluorescent species, quantifying their signal contribution, and extracting light scatter signals) all of which can be used to discriminate between interaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Gordon
- Nanoscale BioPhotonics Laboratory, School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway H91 CF50, Ireland
| | - Yannick Casamayou-Boucau
- Nanoscale BioPhotonics Laboratory, School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway H91 CF50, Ireland
| | - Alan G Ryder
- Nanoscale BioPhotonics Laboratory, School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway H91 CF50, Ireland.
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13
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Wachlmayr J, Hannesschlaeger C, Speletz A, Barta T, Eckerstorfer A, Siligan C, Horner A. Scattering versus fluorescence self-quenching: more than a question of faith for the quantification of water flux in large unilamellar vesicles? NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 4:58-76. [PMID: 35028506 PMCID: PMC8691418 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00577d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The endeavors to understand the determinants of water permeation through membrane channels, the effect of the lipid or polymer membrane on channel function, the development of specific water flow inhibitors, the design of artificial water channels and aquaporins for the use in industrial water filtration applications all rely on accurate ways to quantify water permeabilities (P f). A commonly used method is to reconstitute membrane channels into large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) and to subject these vesicles to an osmotic gradient in a stopped-flow device. Fast recordings of either scattered light intensity or fluorescence self-quenching signals are taken as a readout for vesicle volume change, which in turn can be recalculated to accurate P f values. By means of computational and experimental data, we discuss the pros and cons of using scattering versus self-quenching experiments or subjecting vesicles to hypo- or hyperosmotic conditions. In addition, we explicate for the first time the influence of the LUVs size distribution, channel distribution between vesicles and remaining detergent after protein reconstitution on P f values. We point out that results such as the single channel water permeability (p f) depend on the membrane matrix or on the direction of the applied osmotic gradient may be direct results of the measurement and analysis procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Wachlmayr
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz Gruberstr. 40 4020 Linz Austria
| | | | - Armin Speletz
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz Gruberstr. 40 4020 Linz Austria
| | - Thomas Barta
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz Gruberstr. 40 4020 Linz Austria
| | - Anna Eckerstorfer
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz Gruberstr. 40 4020 Linz Austria
| | - Christine Siligan
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz Gruberstr. 40 4020 Linz Austria
| | - Andreas Horner
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz Gruberstr. 40 4020 Linz Austria
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14
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Modeling the saturation of detergent association in mixed liposome systems. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 206:111927. [PMID: 34216851 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cells tune the lipid types present in their membranes to adjust for thermal and chemical stability, as well as to promote association and dissociation of small molecules and bound proteins. Understanding the influence of lipid type on molecule association would open doors for targeted cell therapies, in particular when molecular association is observed in the presence of competing membranes. For this reason, we modeled and experimentally observed the association of a small molecule with two membrane types present by measuring the association of the detergent Triton X-100 with two types of liposomes, egg phosphatidylcholine (ePC) liposomes and egg phosphatidic acid (ePA) liposomes, at varying ratios. We called this mixed liposomes, as each liposome population was formed from a different lipid type. Absorbance spectrometry was used to observe the stages of detergent association with mixed liposomes and to determine the detergent concentration at which the liposomes were fully saturated. A saturation model was also derived that predicts the detergent associated with each liposome type when the lipid bilayers are fully saturated with detergent. The techinical input parameters for the model are the detergent to lipid ratio and the relative absorbance intensity for each of the pure liposome species at saturation. With that, the association of detergent with any mixture of those liposome types at saturation can be determined.
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15
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Liposomes with Caffeic Acid: Morphological and Structural Characterisation, Their Properties and Stability in Time. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9060912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical and pharmaceutical research has shown that liposomes are very efficient in transporting drugs to targets. In this study, we prepared six liposome formulas, three in which we entrapped caffeic acid (CA), and three with only phospholipids and without CA. Determination of entrapment efficiency (EE) showed that regardless of the phospholipids used, the percentage of CA entrapment was up to 76%. The characterization of the liposomes was performed using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), zeta potential and polydispersity and showed that about 75–99% of the liposomes had dimensions between 40 ± 0.55–500 ± 1.45 nm. The size and zeta potential of liposomes were influenced by the type of phospholipid used to obtain them. CA release from liposomes was performed using a six-cell Franz diffusion system, and it was observed that the release of entrapped CA occurs gradually, the highest amount occurring in the first eight hours (over 80%), after which the release is much reduced. Additionally, the time stability of the obtained liposomes was analysed using univariate and multivariate statistical analysis. Therefore, liposomes offer great potential in CA entrapment.
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16
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Optical interferometry based micropipette aspiration provides real-time sub-nanometer spatial resolution. Commun Biol 2021; 4:610. [PMID: 34021241 PMCID: PMC8140111 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02121-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Micropipette aspiration (MPA) is an essential tool in mechanobiology; however, its potential is far from fully exploited. The traditional MPA technique has limited temporal and spatial resolution and requires extensive post processing to obtain the mechanical fingerprints of samples. Here, we develop a MPA system that measures pressure and displacement in real time with sub-nanometer resolution thanks to an interferometric readout. This highly sensitive MPA system enables studying the nanoscale behavior of soft biomaterials under tension and their frequency-dependent viscoelastic response.
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17
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Desai D, Guerrero YA, Balachandran V, Morton A, Lyon L, Larkin B, Solomon DE. Towards a microfluidics platform for the continuous manufacture of organic and inorganic nanoparticles. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 35:102402. [PMID: 33932590 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, microfluidics has opened new avenues for the synthesis of nanomaterials. However, the adoption of this production technique has been limited to a few high-value, low-production-volume organic nanoparticles. While there are several technical factors that can be attributed to this slow adoption, an important aspect to consider is the lack of a unified platform capable of producing a wide range of nanomaterials. In this work, we highlight a micro-mixing platform that can manufacture both organic and in-organic nanoparticles over a wide size range (nm-μm). We show that the platform can predictably and reproducibly create size and shape-controlled formulations with high homogeneity through input flow parameters. We further explore parallelization of this platform and discuss key technical constraints for high-volume production. We believe that the platform presented in this work can accelerate the adoption of nanomaterials relevant to a range of industries that encompass pharmaceutics, diagnostics, and cosmeceuticals.
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18
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Beaumont P, Courtois A, Richard T, Krisa S, Faure C. Encapsulation of ε-Viniferin into Multi-Lamellar Liposomes: Development of a Rapid, Easy and Cost-Efficient Separation Method to Determine the Encapsulation Efficiency. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040566. [PMID: 33923723 PMCID: PMC8073621 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Onion-type multi-lamellar liposomes (MLLs), composed of a mixture of phosphatidylcholine and Tween 80, were analyzed for their ability to encapsulate ε-Viniferin (εVin), a resveratrol dimer. Their encapsulation efficiency (EE) was measured by UV-VIS spectroscopy using three different separation methods—ultracentrifugation, size exclusion chromatography, and a more original and advantageous one, based on adsorption filtration. The adsorption filtration method consists indeed of using syringe filters to retain the molecule of interest, and not the liposomes as usually performed. The process is rapid (less than 10 min), easy to handle, and inexpensive in terms of sample amount (around 2 mg of liposomes) and equipment (one syringe filter is required). Whatever the separation method, a similar EE value was determined, validating the proposed method. A total of 80% ± 4% of εVin was found to be encapsulated leading to a 6.1% payload, roughly twice those reported for resveratrol-loaded liposomes. Finally, the release kinetics of εVin from MLLs was followed for a 77 day period, demonstrating a slow release of the polyphenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Beaumont
- UR Œnologie, MIB, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRAE, ISVV, Université de Bordeaux, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (P.B.); (A.C.); (T.R.); (S.K.)
- Bordeaux INP, UR Œnologie, MIB, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRAE, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Arnaud Courtois
- UR Œnologie, MIB, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRAE, ISVV, Université de Bordeaux, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (P.B.); (A.C.); (T.R.); (S.K.)
- Bordeaux INP, UR Œnologie, MIB, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRAE, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Centre Antipoison et de Toxicovigilance de Nouvelle Aquitaine, Bâtiment UNDR, CHU de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Tristan Richard
- UR Œnologie, MIB, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRAE, ISVV, Université de Bordeaux, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (P.B.); (A.C.); (T.R.); (S.K.)
- Bordeaux INP, UR Œnologie, MIB, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRAE, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Stéphanie Krisa
- UR Œnologie, MIB, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRAE, ISVV, Université de Bordeaux, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (P.B.); (A.C.); (T.R.); (S.K.)
- Bordeaux INP, UR Œnologie, MIB, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRAE, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Chrystel Faure
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Bordeaux, CBMN, UMR 5248, 33600 Pessac, France
- Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, 33600 Pessac, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-540-006-833; Fax: +33-540-008-496
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19
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Vogel R, Savage J, Muzard J, Camera GD, Vella G, Law A, Marchioni M, Mehn D, Geiss O, Peacock B, Aubert D, Calzolai L, Caputo F, Prina-Mello A. Measuring particle concentration of multimodal synthetic reference materials and extracellular vesicles with orthogonal techniques: Who is up to the challenge? J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12052. [PMID: 33473263 PMCID: PMC7804049 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The measurement of physicochemical properties of polydisperse complex biological samples, for example, extracellular vesicles, is critical to assess their quality, for example, resulting from their production and isolation methods. The community is gradually becoming aware of the need to combine multiple orthogonal techniques to perform a robust characterization of complex biological samples. Three pillars of critical quality attribute characterization of EVs are sizing, concentration measurement and phenotyping. The repeatable measurement of vesicle concentration is one of the key‐challenges that requires further efforts, in order to obtain comparable results by using different techniques and assure reproducibility. In this study, the performance of measuring the concentration of particles in the size range of 50–300 nm with complementary techniques is thoroughly investigated in a step‐by step approach of incremental complexity. The six applied techniques include multi‐angle dynamic light scattering (MADLS), asymmetric flow field flow fractionation coupled with multi‐angle light scattering (AF4‐MALS), centrifugal liquid sedimentation (CLS), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS), and high‐sensitivity nano flow cytometry (nFCM). To achieve comparability, monomodal samples and complex polystyrene mixtures were used as particles of metrological interest, in order to check the suitability of each technique in the size and concentration range of interest, and to develop reliable post‐processing data protocols for the analysis. Subsequent complexity was introduced by testing liposomes as validation of the developed approaches with a known sample of physicochemical properties closer to EVs. Finally, the vesicles in EV containing plasma samples were analysed with all the tested techniques. The results presented here aim to shed some light into the requirements for the complex characterization of biological samples, as this is a critical need for quality assurance by the EV and regulatory community. Such efforts go with the view to contribute to both, set‐up reproducible and reliable characterization protocols, and comply with the Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles (MISEV) requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Vogel
- School of Mathematics and Physics The University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland Australia
| | - John Savage
- LBCAM Department of Clinical Medicine Trinity Translational Medicine Institute Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Julien Muzard
- IZON Science Ltd., Burnside Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Giacomo Della Camera
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology CNR Via P. Castellino 111 Napoli Italy
| | - Gabriele Vella
- LBCAM Department of Clinical Medicine Trinity Translational Medicine Institute Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Alice Law
- NanoFCM Co., Ltd, Medicity Nottingham UK
| | | | - Dora Mehn
- European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC) Ispra Italy
| | - Otmar Geiss
- European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC) Ispra Italy
| | | | | | - Luigi Calzolai
- European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC) Ispra Italy
| | - Fanny Caputo
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine SINTEF Industry Trondheim Norway
| | - Adriele Prina-Mello
- LBCAM Department of Clinical Medicine Trinity Translational Medicine Institute Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland.,AMBER Centre CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
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20
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Jurczak P, Szutkowski K, Lach S, Jurga S, Czaplewska P, Szymanska A, Zhukov I. DMPC Phospholipid Bilayer as a Potential Interface for Human Cystatin C Oligomerization: Analysis of Protein-Liposome Interactions Using NMR Spectroscopy. MEMBRANES 2020; 11:membranes11010013. [PMID: 33374166 PMCID: PMC7824490 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Studies revolving around mechanisms responsible for the development of amyloid-based diseases lay the foundations for the recognition of molecular targets of future to-be-developed treatments. However, the vast number of peptides and proteins known to be responsible for fibril formation, combined with their complexity and complexity of their interactions with various cellular components, renders this task extremely difficult and time-consuming. One of these proteins, human cystatin C (hCC), is a well-known and studied cysteine-protease inhibitor. While being a monomer in physiological conditions, under the necessary stimulus—usually a mutation, it tends to form fibrils, which later participate in the disease development. This process can potentially be regulated (in several ways) by many cellular components and it is being hypothesized that the cell membrane might play a key role in the oligomerization pathway. Studies involving cell membranes pose several difficulties; therefore, an alternative in the form of membrane mimetics is a very attractive solution. Here, we would like to present the first study on hCC oligomerization under the influence of phospholipid liposomes, acting as a membrane mimetic. The protein–mimetic interactions are studied utilizing circular dichroism, nuclear magnetic resonance, and size exclusion chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Jurczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.J.); (S.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Kosma Szutkowski
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (K.S.); (S.J.)
| | - Slawomir Lach
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.J.); (S.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Stefan Jurga
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (K.S.); (S.J.)
| | - Paulina Czaplewska
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG & MUG, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Aneta Szymanska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.J.); (S.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Igor Zhukov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Adolfa Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-592-2038
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21
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Yoshino T, Yamaura D, Komiya M, Sugawara M, Mitsumori Y, Niwano M, Hirano-Iwata A, Edamatsu K, Sadgrove M. Optical transport of sub-micron lipid vesicles along a nanofiber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:38527-38538. [PMID: 33379421 DOI: 10.1364/oe.411124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced manipulation and analysis of bio-particles using light confined in nano-scale dielectric structures has proceeded apace in the last several years. Small mode volumes, along with the lack of a need for bulky optical elements give advantages in sensitivity and scalability relative to conventional optical manipulation. However, manipulation of lipid vesicles (liposomes) remains difficult, particularly in the sub-micron diameter regime. Here we demonstrate the optical trapping and transport of sub-micron diameter liposomes along an optical nanofiber using the nanofiber mode's evanescent field. We find that nanofiber diameters below a nominal diffraction limit give optimal results. Our results pave the way for integrated optical transport and analysis of liposome-like bio-particles, as well as their coupling to nano-optical resonators.
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22
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Kawano K, Yokoyama F, Kawamoto J, Ogawa T, Kurihara T, Futaki S. Development of a Simple and Rapid Method for In Situ Vesicle Detection in Cultured Media. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:5876-5888. [PMID: 32931802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular membrane vesicles (EMVs) are biogenic secretory lipidic vesicles that play significant roles in intercellular communication related to human diseases and bacterial pathogenesis. They are being investigated for their possible use in diagnosis, vaccines, and biotechnology. However, the existing methods suffer from a number of issues. High-speed centrifugation, a widely used method to collect EMVs, may cause structural artifacts. Immunostaining methods require several steps and thus the separation and detection of EMVs from the secretory cells is time-consuming. Furthermore, detection of EMVs using these methods requires specific and costly antibodies. To tackle these problems, development of a simple and rapid detection method for the EMVs in the cultured medium without separation from the secretory cells is a pressing task. In this study, we focused on the Gram-negative bacterium Shewanella vesiculosa HM13, which produces a large amount of EMVs including a cargo protein with high purity, as a model. Curvature-sensing peptides were used for EMV-detection tools. FAAV, a peptide derived from sorting nexin protein 1, selectively binds to the EMVs even in the presence of the secretory cells in the complex cultured medium. FAAV can fully detect the EMVs within a few minutes, and the resistance of FAAV to proteases enables it to withstand prolonged use in the cultured medium. Fluorescence/Förster resonance energy transfer was used to develop a method to detect changes in the amount of the EMVs with high sensitivity. Overall, our results indicate the potential applicability of FAAV for in situ EMV detection in cultured media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kawano
- Laboratory of Biofunctional Design Chemistry, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Fumiaki Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbial Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Jun Kawamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbial Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takuya Ogawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbial Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kurihara
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbial Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shiroh Futaki
- Laboratory of Biofunctional Design Chemistry, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan
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23
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Kaddour H, Lyu Y, Shouman N, Mohan M, Okeoma CM. Development of Novel High-Resolution Size-Guided Turbidimetry-Enabled Particle Purification Liquid Chromatography (PPLC): Extracellular Vesicles and Membraneless Condensates in Focus. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155361. [PMID: 32731547 PMCID: PMC7432554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acellular particles (extracellular vesicles and membraneless condensates) have important research, drug discovery, and therapeutic implications. However, their isolation and retrieval have faced enormous challenges, impeding their use. Here, a novel size-guided particle purification liquid chromatography (PPLC) is integrated into a turbidimetry-enabled system for dye-free isolation, online characterization, and retrieval of intact acellular particles from biofluids. The chromatographic separation of particles from different biofluids—semen, blood, urine, milk, and cell culture supernatants—is achieved using a first-in-class gradient size exclusion column (gSEC). Purified particles are collected using a fraction collector. Online UV–Vis monitoring reveals biofluid-dependent particle spectral differences, with semen being the most complex. Turbidimetry provides the accurate physical characterization of seminal particle (Sp) lipid contents, sizes, and concentrations, validated by a nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and naphthopyrene assay. Furthermore, different fractions of purified Sps contain distinct DNA, RNA species, and protein compositions. The integration of Sp physical and compositional properties identifies two archetypal membrane-encased seminal extracellular vesicles (SEV)—notably SEV large (SEVL), SEV small (SEVS), and a novel non-archetypal-membraneless Sps, herein named membraneless condensates (MCs). This study demonstrates a comprehensive yet affordable platform for isolating, collecting, and analyzing acellular particles to facilitate extracellular particle research and applications in drug delivery and therapeutics. Ongoing efforts focus on increased resolution by tailoring bead/column chemistry for each biofluid type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Kaddour
- Department of Pharmacology, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA; (H.K.); (Y.L.); (N.S.)
| | - Yuan Lyu
- Department of Pharmacology, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA; (H.K.); (Y.L.); (N.S.)
| | - Nadia Shouman
- Department of Pharmacology, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA; (H.K.); (Y.L.); (N.S.)
| | - Mahesh Mohan
- Host Pathogen Interaction Program Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA;
| | - Chioma M. Okeoma
- Department of Pharmacology, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA; (H.K.); (Y.L.); (N.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-631-444-3014
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Improving plasma stability and antitumor effect of gemcitabine via PEGylated liposome prepared by active drug loading. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Dai Y, Bai S, Hu C, Chu K, Shen B, Smith ZJ. Combined Morpho-Chemical Profiling of Individual Extracellular Vesicles and Functional Nanoparticles without Labels. Anal Chem 2020; 92:5585-5594. [PMID: 32162516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Biological nanoparticles are important targets of study, yet their small size and tendency to aggregate makes their heterogeneity difficult to profile on a truly single-particle basis. Here we present a label-free system called 'Raman-enabled nanoparticle trapping analysis' (R-NTA) that optically traps individual nanoparticles, records Raman spectra and tracks particle motion to identify chemical composition, size, and refractive index. R-NTA has the unique capacity to characterize aggregation status and absolute chemical concentration at the single-particle level. We validate the method on NIST standards and liposomes, demonstrating that R-NTA can accurately characterize size and chemical heterogeneity, including determining combined morpho-chemical properties such as the number of lamellae in individual liposomes. Applied to extracellular vesicles (EVs), we find distinct differences between EVs from cancerous and noncancerous cells, and that knockdown of the TRPP2 ion channel, which is pathologically highly expressed in laryngeal cancer cells, leads the EVs to more closely resemble EVs from normal epithelial cells. Intriguingly, the differences in EV content are found in small subpopulations of EVs, highlighting the importance of single-particle measurements. These experiments demonstrate the power of the R-NTA system to measure and characterize the morpho-chemical heterogeneity of bionanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichuan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Dept. of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Suwen Bai
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chuanzhen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Dept. of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Kaiqin Chu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Dept. of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Bing Shen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zachary J Smith
- Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Dept. of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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Yue K, Trung TN, Zhu Y, Kaldenhoff R, Kai L. Co-Translational Insertion of Aquaporins into Liposome for Functional Analysis via an E. coli Based Cell-Free Protein Synthesis System. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111325. [PMID: 31717877 PMCID: PMC6912355 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins are important and well-studied water channel membrane proteins. However, being membrane proteins, sample preparation for functional analysis is tedious and time-consuming. In this paper, we report a new approach for the co-translational insertion of two aquaporins from Escherichia coli and Nicotiana tabacum using the CFPS system. This was done in the presence of liposomes with a modified procedure to form homogenous proteo-liposomes suitable for functional analysis of water permeability using stopped-flow spectrophotometry. Two model aquaporins, AqpZ and NtPIP2;1, were successfully incorporated into the liposome in their active forms. Shifted green fluorescent protein was fused to the C-terminal part of AqpZ to monitor its insertion and status in the lipid environment. This new fast approach offers a fast and straightforward method for the functional analysis of aquaporins in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yue
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 22116, China;
| | - Tran Nam Trung
- Department of Biology, Applied Plant Sciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahn Strasse 10, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany; (T.N.T.); (R.K.)
| | - Yiyong Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Ralf Kaldenhoff
- Department of Biology, Applied Plant Sciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahn Strasse 10, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany; (T.N.T.); (R.K.)
| | - Lei Kai
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 22116, China;
- Department of Biology, Applied Plant Sciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahn Strasse 10, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany; (T.N.T.); (R.K.)
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +49-(0)89-8578-2319
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Inohara K, Asano S, Maki T, Mae K. Synthesis of Small Lipid Nanoparticles Using an Inkjet Mixing System Aiming to Reduce Drug Loss. Chem Eng Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201900041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kota Inohara
- Kyoto UniversityDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto-daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku 615-8510 Kyoto Japan
| | - Shusaku Asano
- Kyushu UniversityInstitute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering 6-1, Kasuga Koen, Kasuga 816-8580 Fukuoka Japan
| | - Taisuke Maki
- Kyoto UniversityDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto-daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku 615-8510 Kyoto Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Mae
- Kyoto UniversityDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto-daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku 615-8510 Kyoto Japan
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D'Amora A, Cucciolito ME, Iannitti R, Morelli G, Palumbo R, Ruffo F, Tesauro D. Pyridine Ruthenium(III) complexes entrapped in liposomes with enhanced cytotoxic properties in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Tian M, Han J, Ye A, Liu W, Xu X, Yao Y, Li K, Kong Y, Wei F, Zhou W. Structural characterization and biological fate of lactoferrin-loaded liposomes during simulated infant digestion. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:2677-2684. [PMID: 30338536 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited information is concerned on the structure changes of liposomal delivery system under infant conditions. Positively charged lactoferrin (LF)-loaded liposomes, with the entrapment efficiency (EE) of 52.3 ± 6.3%, were prepared from soybean-derived phospholipids using a thin-layer dispersion method. The structure changes and digestibility of LF-loaded liposomes under infant conditions, including simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated small intestinal fluid (SIF), were characterized in terms of the average particle size, zeta potential, turbidity, fourier transform infrared, transmission electron microscopy, lipolysis and protein hydrolysis. RESULTS This study showed that the functional groups, favorable membrane structure and the EE of liposomes were slightly changed as a function of time when the liposome digested under SGF conditions. However, the intact bilayer structures were damaged and the EE of LF-loaded liposomes decreased to 28.5% after digestion in infant SIF. CONCLUSION These results suggested that liposomal membrane could prevent the gastric degradation and the structure of liposomes was not completely destroyed with a low concentration of pancreatin and bile salts under infant conditions. Present study provided information on the insight into the characteristics of liposomes during infant gastrointestinal digestion, which was useful for the development of microcapsule systems in infant diet. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Tian
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianzhong Han
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aiqian Ye
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Weilin Liu
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiankang Xu
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yixin Yao
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kexuan Li
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youyu Kong
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fuqiang Wei
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
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Horsley H, Owen J, Browning R, Carugo D, Malone-Lee J, Stride E, Rohn JL. Ultrasound-activated microbubbles as a novel intracellular drug delivery system for urinary tract infection. J Control Release 2019; 301:166-175. [PMID: 30904501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The development of new modalities for high-efficiency intracellular drug delivery is a priority for a number of disease areas. One such area is urinary tract infection (UTI), which is one of the most common infectious diseases globally and which imposes an immense economic and healthcare burden. Common uropathogenic bacteria have been shown to invade the urothelial wall during acute UTI, forming latent intracellular reservoirs that can evade antimicrobials and the immune response. This behaviour likely facilitates the high recurrence rates after oral antibiotic treatments, which are not able to penetrate the bladder wall and accumulate to an effective concentration. Meanwhile, oral antibiotics may also exacerbate antimicrobial resistance and cause systemic side effects. Using a human urothelial organoid model, we tested the ability of novel ultrasound-activated lipid microbubbles to deliver drugs into the cytoplasm of apical cells. The gas-filled lipid microbubbles were decorated with liposomes containing the non-cell-permeant antibiotic gentamicin and a fluorescent marker. The microbubble suspension was added to buffer at the apical surface of the bladder model before being exposed to ultrasound (1.1 MHz, 2.5 Mpa, 5500 cycles at 20 ms pulse duration) for 20 s. Our results show that ultrasound-activated intracellular delivery using microbubbles was over 16 times greater than the control group and twice that achieved by liposomes that were not associated with microbubbles. Moreover, no cell damage was detected. Together, our data show that ultrasound-activated microbubbles can safely deliver high concentrations of drugs into urothelial cells, and have the potential to be a more efficacious alternative to traditional oral antibiotic regimes for UTI. This modality of intracellular drug delivery may prove useful in other clinical indications, such as cancer and gene therapy, where such penetration would aid in treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Horsley
- Department of Renal Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College, London, UK
| | - J Owen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, UK
| | - R Browning
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, UK
| | - D Carugo
- Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK
| | - J Malone-Lee
- Department of Renal Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College, London, UK
| | - E Stride
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, UK
| | - J L Rohn
- Department of Renal Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College, London, UK.
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Validation of Size Estimation of Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis on Polydisperse Macromolecule Assembly. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2639. [PMID: 30804441 PMCID: PMC6389903 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38915-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As the physicochemical properties of drug delivery systems are governed not only by the material properties which they are compose of but by their size that they conform, it is crucial to determine the size and distribution of such systems with nanometer-scale precision. The standard technique used to measure the size distribution of nanometer-sized particles in suspension is dynamic light scattering (DLS). Recently, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) has been introduced to measure the diffusion coefficient of particles in a sample to determine their size distribution in relation to DLS results. Because DLS and NTA use identical physical characteristics to determine particle size but differ in the weighting of the distribution, NTA can be a good verification tool for DLS and vice versa. In this study, we evaluated two NTA data analysis methods based on maximum-likelihood estimation, namely finite track length adjustment (FTLA) and an iterative method, on monodisperse polystyrene beads and polydisperse vesicles by comparing the results with DLS. The NTA results from both methods agreed well with the mean size and relative variance values from DLS for monodisperse polystyrene standards. However, for the lipid vesicles prepared in various polydispersity conditions, the iterative method resulted in a better match with DLS than the FTLA method. Further, it was found that it is better to compare the native number-weighted NTA distribution with DLS, rather than its converted distribution weighted by intensity, as the variance of the converted NTA distribution deviates significantly from the DLS results.
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32
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Wang A, Chan Miller C, Szostak JW. Core-Shell Modeling of Light Scattering by Vesicles: Effect of Size, Contents, and Lamellarity. Biophys J 2019; 116:659-669. [PMID: 30686489 PMCID: PMC6382849 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Having a fast, reliable method for characterizing vesicles is vital for their use as model cell membranes in biophysics, synthetic biology, and origins of life studies. Instead of the traditionally used Rayleigh-Gans-Debye approximation, we use an exact extended Lorenz-Mie solution for how core-shell particles scatter light to model vesicle turbidity. This approach enables accurate interpretations of simple turbidimetric measurements and is able to accurately model highly scattering vesicles, such as larger vesicles, those with multiple layers, and those with encapsulated material. We uncover several surprising features, including that vesicle lamellarity has a larger effect on sample turbidity than vesicle size and that the technique can be used to measure the membrane thickness of vesicles. We also examine potential misinterpretations of turbidimetry and discuss when measurements are limited by forward and multiple scattering and by the geometry of the instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Christopher Chan Miller
- Atomic and Molecular Physics Division, Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jack W Szostak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Systematic Characterization of DMPC/DHPC Self-Assemblies and Their Phase Behaviors in Aqueous Solution. COLLOIDS AND INTERFACES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids2040073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Self-assemblies composed of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) and 1,2-dihexanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DHPC) form several kinds of structures, such as vesicle, micelle, and bicelle. Their morphological properties have been studied widely, but their interfacial membrane properties have not been adequately investigated. Herein, we report a systematic characterization of DMPC/DHPC assemblies at 20 °C. To investigate the phase behavior, optical density OD500, size (by dynamic light scattering), membrane fluidity 1/PDPH (using 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene), and membrane polarity GP340 (using 6-dodecanoyl-N,N-dimethyl-2-naphthylamine) were measured as a function of molar ratio of DHPC (XDHPC). Based on structural properties (OD500 and size), large and small assemblies were categorized into Region (i) (XDHPC < 0.4) and Region (ii) (XDHPC ≥ 0.4), respectively. The DMPC/DHPC assemblies with 0.33 ≤ XDHPC ≤ 0.67 (Region (ii-1)) showed gel-phase-like interfacial membrane properties, whereas DHPC-rich assemblies (XDHPC ≥ 0.77) showed disordered membrane properties (Region (ii-2)). Considering the structural and interfacial membrane properties, the DMPC/DHPC assemblies in Regions (i), (ii-1), and (ii-2) can be determined to be vesicle, bicelle, and micelle, respectively.
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Kimble-Hill AC, Petrache HI, Seifert S, Firestone MA. Reorganization of Ternary Lipid Mixtures of Nonphosphorylated Phosphatidylinositol Interacting with Angiomotin. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:8404-8415. [PMID: 29877706 PMCID: PMC6351316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol (PI) lipids are necessary for many cellular signaling pathways of membrane associated proteins, such as angiomotin (Amot). The Amot family regulates cellular polarity, growth, and migration. Given the low concentration of PI lipids in these membranes, it is likely that such protein-membrane interactions are stabilized by lipid domains or small lipid clusters. By small-angle X-ray scattering, we show that nonphosphorylated PI lipids induce lipid demixing in ternary mixtures of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), likely because of preferential interactions between the head groups of PE and PI. These results were obtained in the presence of buffer containing tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid, NaCl, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, dithiothreitol, and benzamidine at pH 8.0 that in previous work showed an ability to cause PC to phase separate but are necessary to stabilize Amot for in vitro experimentation. Collectively, this provided a framework for determining the effect of Amot on lipid organization. Using fluorescence spectroscopy, we were able to show that the association of Amot with this lipid platform causes significant reorganization of the lipid into a more homogenous structure. This reorganization mechanism could be the basis for Amot membrane association and fusogenic activity previously described in the literature and should be taken into consideration in future protein-membrane interaction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann C. Kimble-Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, MS 4053, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Horia I. Petrache
- Department of Physics, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, LD 154, 402 N. Blackford Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Soenke Seifert
- X-Ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Millicent A. Firestone
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, MPA-CINT, MS K771, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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Extremely High Frequency Electromagnetic Fields Facilitate Electrical Signal Propagation by Increasing Transmembrane Potassium Efflux in an Artificial Axon Model. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9299. [PMID: 29915373 PMCID: PMC6006430 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27630-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the many biological effects caused by low intensity extremely high frequency electromagnetic fields (EHF-EMF) reported in the literature, those on the nervous system are a promising area for further research. The mechanisms by which these fields alter neural activity are still unclear and thus far there appears to be no frequency dependence regarding neuronal responses. Therefore, proper in vitro models for preliminary screening studies of the interaction between neural cells with EMF are needed. We designed an artificial axon model consisting of a series of parallel RC networks. Each RC network contained an aqueous solution of lipid vesicles with a gradient of potassium (K+) concentration as the functional element. We investigated the effects of EHF-EMF (53.37 GHz–39 mW) on the propagation of the electric impulse. We report that exposure to the EHF-EMF increases the amplitude of electrical signal by inducing a potassium efflux from lipid vesicles. Further, exposure to the EHF-EMF potentiates the action of valinomycin – a K+ carrier – increasing the extent of K+ transport across the lipid membrane. We conclude that exposure to the EHF-EMF facilitates the electrical signal propagation by increasing transmembrane potassium efflux, and that the model presented is promising for future screening studies of different EMF frequency spectrum bands.
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Effect of 5-trans Isomer of Arachidonic Acid on Model Liposomal Membranes Studied by a Combined Simulation and Experimental Approach. J Membr Biol 2018; 251:475-489. [PMID: 29610947 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-018-0029-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Unsaturated fatty acids are found in humans predominantly in the cis configuration. Fatty acids in the trans configuration are primarily the result of human processing (trans fats), but can also be formed endogenously by radical stress. The cis-trans isomerization of fatty acids by free radicals could be connected to several pathologies. Trans fats have been linked to an increased risk of coronary artery disease; however, the reasons for the resulting pathogenesis remain unclear. Here, we investigate the effect of a mono-trans isomer of arachidonic acid (C20:4-5trans, 8cis, 11cis, 14cis) produced by free radicals in physiological concentration on a model erythrocyte membrane using a combined experimental and theoretical approach. Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations of two model lipid bilayers containing arachidonic acid and its 5-trans isomer in 3 mol% were carried out for this purpose. The 5-trans isomer formation in the phospholipids was catalyzed by HOCH2CH2S· radicals, generated from the corresponding thiol by γ-irradiation, in multilamellar vesicles of SAPC. Large unilamellar vesicles were made by the extrusion method (LUVET) as a biomimetic model for cis-trans isomerization. Atomic Force Microscopy and Dynamic Light Scattering were used to measure the average size, morphology, and the z-potential of the liposomes. Both results from MD simulations and experiments are in agreement and indicate that the two model membranes display different physicochemical properties in that the bilayers containing the trans fatty acids were more ordered and more rigid than those containing solely the cis arachidonic acid. Correspondingly, the average size of the liposomes containing trans isomers was smaller than the ones without.
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Amrani S, Tabrizian M. Characterization of Nanoscale Loaded Liposomes Produced by 2D Hydrodynamic Flow Focusing. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:502-513. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Selya Amrani
- Biomedical
Engineering Department-Faculty of Medicine, ‡Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Maryam Tabrizian
- Biomedical
Engineering Department-Faculty of Medicine, ‡Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
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Athukorale SA, Zhou Y, Zou S, Zhang D. Determining the Liquid Light Scattering Cross Section and Depolarization Spectra Using Polarized Resonance Synchronous Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2017; 89:12705-12712. [PMID: 29115124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Rayleigh scattering is a universal material property because all materials have nonzero polarizability. Reliable quantification of the material light scattering cross section in the liquid phase and its depolarization spectra is, however, challenging due to a host of sample and instrument issues. Using the recently developed polarized resonance synchronous spectroscopic method, we reported the light scattering cross section and depolarization spectra measured for a total of 29 liquids including water, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, dimethylformamide, carbon disulfide, dimethyl sulfoxide, hexane and two hexane isomers (3-methylpentane and 2,3-dimethylbutane), tetrahydrofuran, cyclohexane, acetonitrile, pyridine, chloromethanes including di-, tri, tetrachloromethane, acetone, benzene and eight benzene derivatives (toluene, fluorobenzene, 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-difluorobenzene, chlorobenzene, 1,2- and 1,3-dichlorobenzene, and nitrobenzene). The solvent light scattering depolarization is wavelength-independent for the model solvents, and it varies from 0.023 ± 0.011 for CCl4 to 0.619 ± 0.022 for nitrobenzene. The light scattering cross-section spectra can be approximated with the function of σ(λ) = αλ-4 with the α value varying from 7.2 ± 0.2 × 10-45 cm6 for water to a maximum of 8.5 ± 0.6 × 10-43 cm6 for nitrobenzene. Structural isomerization has no significant effect on either the depolarization or the scattering cross sections for both hexanes and difluorobenzene isomers. This work represents the most comprehensive experimental study on liquid light scattering features. The insight from this work should be important for understanding the correlation between the material structure and optical properties. The described method can be readily implemented by researchers with access to conventional spectrofluorometers equipped with excitation and detection polarizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumudu A Athukorale
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University , Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Yadong Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Shengli Zou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Dongmao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University , Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Xihua University , Chengdu, 610039 China
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Chen C, Zhu S, Wang S, Zhang W, Cheng Y, Yan X. Multiparameter Quantification of Liposomal Nanomedicines at the Single-Particle Level by High-Sensitivity Flow Cytometry. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:13913-13919. [PMID: 28374584 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b01867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Drug-encapsulated liposomes have been considered the most clinically acceptable drug-delivery systems. However, current methods fall short in the quantitative characterization of individual nanoliposomes because of their small sizes and large heterogeneity. Here, we report a high-throughput method for the absolute quantification of particle size, drug content, fraction of drug encapsulation, and particle concentration of liposomal nanomedicines at the single-particle level. A laboratory-built high-sensitivity flow cytometer was used to simultaneously detect the side-scatter and fluorescence signals generated by individual nanomedicine particles at a speed up to 10 000 nanoparticles/min. To cope with the size dependence of the refractive index of liposomal nanomedicines, different sizes of doxorubicin-loaded liposomes were fabricated and characterized to serve as the calibration standards for the measurement of both particle size and drug content. This method provides a highly practical platform for the characterization of liposomal nanomedicines, and broad applications can be envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxiang Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China
| | - Shaobin Zhu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China
| | - Wenqiang Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yu Cheng
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China
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Valkonen S, van der Pol E, Böing A, Yuana Y, Yliperttula M, Nieuwland R, Laitinen S, Siljander P. Biological reference materials for extracellular vesicle studies. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 98:4-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Jeremic A, Cho WJ, Jena BP. Involvement of Water Channels in Synaptic Vesicle Swelling. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 230:674-80. [PMID: 16179736 DOI: 10.1177/153537020523000910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vesicle swelling is critical for secretion; however, the underlying mechanism of synaptic vesicle (SV) swelling is unknown. A Gαl3-phospholipase A2 (PLA2)-mediated involvement of the water channel aquaporin-1 (AQP1) in the regulation of secretory vesicle swelling in the exocrine pancreas has been previously reported. In the present study, the association and involvement of water channels in SV swelling was explored. Results from the study demonstrate that water channels AQP1 and AQP6, and the heterotrimeric Go protein are associated with SVs and participate in their swelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Jeremic
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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43
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Osmotic Dehydration of Liposomal Dispersions: Influence of Particle Size and Electrostatic Deposition of Cold Water Fish Skin Gelatin. FOOD BIOPHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11483-016-9456-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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44
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Wright AJ, Richens JL, Bramble JP, Cathcart N, Kitaev V, O'Shea P, Hudson AJ. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering measurement from a lipid bilayer encapsulating a single decahedral nanoparticle mediated by an optical trap. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:16395-16404. [PMID: 27722713 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr05616d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a new technique for the study of model membranes on the length-scale of a single nano-sized liposome. Silver decahedral nanoparticles have been encapsulated by a model unilamellar lipid bilayer creating nano-sized lipid vesicles. The metal core has two roles (i) increasing the polarizability of vesicles, enabling a single vesicle to be isolated and confined in an optical trap, and (ii) enhancing Raman scattering from the bilayer, via the high surface-plasmon field at the sharp vertices of the decahedral particles. Combined this has allowed us to measure a Raman fingerprint from a single vesicle of 50 nm-diameter, containing just ∼104 lipid molecules in a bilayer membrane over a surface area of <0.01 μm2, equivalent to a volume of approximately 1 zepto-litre. Raman scattering is a weak and inefficient process and previous studies have required either a substantially larger bilayer area in order to obtain a detectable signal, or the tagging of lipid molecules with a chromophore to provide an indirect probe of the bilayer. Our approach is fully label-free and bio-compatible and, in the future, it will enable much more localized studies of the heterogeneous structure of lipid bilayers and of membrane-bound components than is currently possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Wright
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - J L Richens
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC Canada, V6T 1Z3
| | - J P Bramble
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC Canada, V6T 1Z3
| | - N Cathcart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - V Kitaev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - P O'Shea
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC Canada, V6T 1Z3
| | - A J Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
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45
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Bixner O, Reimhult E. Controlled magnetosomes: Embedding of magnetic nanoparticles into membranes of monodisperse lipid vesicles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 466:62-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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46
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Ringhieri P, Pannunzio A, Boccarelli A, Morelli G, Coluccia M, Tesauro D. Effect of cisplatin containing liposomes formulated by unsaturated chain-containing lipids on gynecological tumor cells. J Liposome Res 2016; 26:307-12. [PMID: 26850783 DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2015.1127257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Gynecological tumors are major therapeutic areas of platinum-based anticancer drugs. Here, we report the characterization and in vitro biological assays of cisplatin-containing Egg L-α-phosphatidylcholine liposomes with different amounts of cholesterol. Dynamic light scattering estimated sizes of all obtained liposomes in the 100 nm range that are suitable for in vivo use. On the basis of these data and of the drug loading values, the best formulation has been selected. Stability and drug release properties of platinum-containing liposomes have been verified in serum. The growth inhibitory effects of both liposomal and free drug in a panel of ovarian and breast human cancer cell lines, characterized by a different drug sensitivity, give comparable or better results with respect to free cisplatin drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Ringhieri
- a Department of Pharmacy and CIRPeB , University of Naples "Federico II" , Naples , Italy
| | | | | | - Giancarlo Morelli
- a Department of Pharmacy and CIRPeB , University of Naples "Federico II" , Naples , Italy .,b Istituto Di Biostrutture E Bioimmagini - CNR , Naples , Italy , and
| | - Mauro Coluccia
- c Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences , University of Bari "Aldo Moro" , Bari , Italy
| | - Diego Tesauro
- a Department of Pharmacy and CIRPeB , University of Naples "Federico II" , Naples , Italy .,b Istituto Di Biostrutture E Bioimmagini - CNR , Naples , Italy , and
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Salem HF, Ahmed SM, Hassaballah AE, Omar MM. Targeting brain cells with glutathione-modulated nanoliposomes: in vitro and in vivo study. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:3705-27. [PMID: 26229435 PMCID: PMC4516201 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s85302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The blood–brain barrier prevents many drug moieties from reaching the central nervous system. Therefore, glutathione-modulated nanoliposomes have been engineered to enhance the targeting of flucytosine to the brain. Methods Glutathione-modulated nanoliposomes were prepared by thin-film hydration technique and evaluated in the primary brain cells of rats. Lecithin, cholesterol, and span 65 were mixed at 1:1:1 molar ratio. The molar percentage of PEGylated glutathione varied from 0 mol% to 0.75 mol%. The cellular binding and the uptake of the targeted liposomes were both monitored by epifluorescent microscope and flow cytometry techniques. A biodistribution and a pharmacokinetic study of flucytosine and flucytosine-loaded glutathione–modulated liposomes was carried out to evaluate the in vivo brain-targeting efficiency. Results The size of glutathione-modulated nanoliposomes was <100 nm and the zeta potential was more than −65 mV. The cumulative release reached 70% for certain formulations. The cellular uptake increased as molar percent of glutathione increased to reach the maximum at 0.75 mol%. The uptake of the targeted liposomes by brain cells of the rats was three times greater than that of the nontargeted liposomes. An in vivo study showed that the relative efficiency was 2.632±0.089 and the concentration efficiency was 1.590±0.049, and also, the drug-targeting index was 3.670±0.824. Conclusion Overall, these results revealed that glutathione-PEGylated nanoliposomes enhance the effective delivery of flucytosine to brain and could become a promising new therapeutic option for the treatment of the brain infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba F Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Beni-suef University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Sayed M Ahmed
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Ashraf E Hassaballah
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Beni-suef University, Assuit, Egypt ; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Deraya University, Egypt
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Nolan JP. Flow Cytometry of Extracellular Vesicles: Potential, Pitfalls, and Prospects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 73:13.14.1-13.14.16. [PMID: 26132176 DOI: 10.1002/0471142956.cy1314s73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs) can play roles in physiology and pathology, providing impetus to explore their use as diagnostic and therapeutic targets. However, EVs are also small, heterogeneous, and difficult to measure, and so this potential has not yet been realized. The development of improved approaches to EV detection and characterization will be critical to further understanding their roles in physiology and disease. Flow cytometry has been a popular tool for measuring cell-derived EVs, but has often been used in an uncritical manner in which fundamental principles and limitations of the instrument are ignored. Recent efforts to standardize procedures and document the effects of different methodologies have helped to address this shortcoming, but much work remains. In this paper, I address some of the instrument, reagent, and analysis considerations relevant to measurement of individual EVs in flow, with the aim of clarifying a path to quantitative and standardized measurement of these interesting and potentially important biological nanoparticles.
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Birk AV, Chao WM, Bracken C, Warren JD, Szeto HH. Targeting mitochondrial cardiolipin and the cytochrome c/cardiolipin complex to promote electron transport and optimize mitochondrial ATP synthesis. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:2017-28. [PMID: 24134698 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cardiolipin plays an important role in mitochondrial respiration and cardiolipin peroxidation is associated with age-related diseases. Hydrophobic interactions between cytochrome c and cardiolipin converts cytochrome c from an electron carrier to a peroxidase. In addition to cardiolipin peroxidation, this impedes electron flux and inhibits mitochondrial ATP synthesis. SS-31 (D-Arg-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH2 ) selectively binds to cardiolipin and inhibits cytochrome c peroxidase activity. Here, we examined whether SS-31 also protected the electron carrier function of cytochrome c. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Interactions of SS-31 with cardiolipin were studied using liposomes and bicelles containing phosphatidylcholine alone or with cardiolipin. Structural interactions were assessed by fluorescence spectroscopy, turbidity and nuclear magnetic resonance. Effects of cardiolipin on electron transfer kinetics of cytochrome c were determined by cytochrome c reduction in vitro and oxygen consumption using mitoplasts, frozen and fresh mitochondria. KEY RESULTS SS-31 interacted only with liposomes and bicelles containing cardiolipin in about 1:1 ratio. NMR studies demonstrated that the aromatic residues of SS-31 penetrated deep into cardiolipin-containing bilayers. SS-31 restored cytochrome c reduction and mitochondrial oxygen consumption in the presence of added cardiolipin. In fresh mitochondria, SS-31 increased state 3 respiration and efficiency of ATP synthesis. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS SS-31 selectively targeted cardiolipin and modulated its interaction with cytochrome c. SS-31 inhibited the cytochrome c/cardiolipin complex peroxidase activity while protecting its ability to serve as an electron carrier, thus optimizing mitochondrial electron transport and ATP synthesis. This novel class of cardiolipin therapeutics has the potential to restore mitochondrial bioenergetics for treatment of numerous age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Birk
- Department of Pharmacology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
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50
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Zhu S, Ma L, Wang S, Chen C, Zhang W, Yang L, Hang W, Nolan JP, Wu L, Yan X. Light-scattering detection below the level of single fluorescent molecules for high-resolution characterization of functional nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2014; 8:10998-1006. [PMID: 25300001 PMCID: PMC4212780 DOI: 10.1021/nn505162u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasensitive detection and characterization of single nanoparticles (<100 nm) is important in nanotechnology and life sciences. Direct measurement of the elastically scattered light from individual nanoparticles represents the simplest and the most direct method for particle detection. However, the sixth-power dependence of scattering intensity on particle size renders very small particles indistinguishable from the background. Adopting strategies for single-molecule fluorescence detection in a sheathed flow, here we report the development of high sensitivity flow cytometry (HSFCM) that achieves real-time light-scattering detection of single silica and gold nanoparticles as small as 24 and 7 nm in diameter, respectively. This unprecedented sensitivity enables high-resolution sizing of single nanoparticles directly based on their scattered intensity. With a resolution comparable to that of TEM and the ease and speed of flow cytometric analysis, HSFCM is particularly suitable for nanoparticle size distribution analysis of polydisperse/heterogeneous/mixed samples. Through concurrent fluorescence detection, simultaneous insights into the size and payload variations of engineered nanoparticles are demonstrated with two forms of clinical nanomedicine. By offering quantitative multiparameter analysis of single nanoparticles in liquid suspensions at a throughput of up to 10 000 particles per minute, HSFCM represents a major advance both in light-scattering detection technology and in nanoparticle characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobin Zhu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Ma
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuo Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaoxiang Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenqiang Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingling Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Hang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - John P. Nolan
- The Scintillon Institute, 6404 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Lina Wu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
- Address correspondence to
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