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Lawrence CL, Okoh AO, Vishwapathi V, McKenna ST, Critchley ME, Smith RB. N-alkylated linear heptamethine polyenes as potent non-azole leads against Candida albicans fungal infections. Bioorg Chem 2020; 102:104070. [PMID: 32682157 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, eighteen heptamethine dyes were synthesised and their antifungal activities were evaluated against three clinically relevant yeast species.. The eighteen dyes were placed within classes based on their core subunit i.e. 2,3,3-trimethylindolenine (5a-f), 1,1,2-trimethyl-1H-benzo[e]indole (6a-f), or 2-methylbenzothiazole (7a-f). The results presented herein imply that the three families of cyanine dyes, in particular compounds 5a-f, show high potential as selective scaffolds to treat C. albicans infections. This opens up the opportunity for further optimisation and investigation of this class compounds for potential antifungal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare L Lawrence
- UCLan Research Centre for Drug Design and Development, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK.
| | - Adeyi Okoh Okoh
- UCLan Research Centre for Smart Materials, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Vinod Vishwapathi
- UCLan Research Centre for Smart Materials, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Sean T McKenna
- UCLan Research Centre for Smart Materials, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Megan E Critchley
- UCLan Research Centre for Smart Materials, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Robert B Smith
- UCLan Research Centre for Smart Materials, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK.
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Yamamoto T, Umegawa Y, Yamagami M, Suzuki T, Tsuchikawa H, Hanashima S, Matsumori N, Murata M. The Perpendicular Orientation of Amphotericin B Methyl Ester in Hydrated Lipid Bilayers Supports the Barrel-Stave Model. Biochemistry 2019; 58:2282-2291. [PMID: 30973009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The clinically important antibiotic amphotericin B (AmB) is a membrane-active natural product that targets membrane sterol. The antimicrobial activity of AmB is generally attributed to its membrane permeabilization, which occurs when a pore is formed across a lipid bilayer. In this study, the molecular orientation of AmB was investigated using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to better understand the mechanism of antifungal activity. The methyl ester of AmB (AME) labeled with NMR isotopes, d3-AME, and its fluorinated and/or 13C-labeled derivatives were prepared. All of the AmB derivatives showed similar membrane-disrupting activities and ultraviolet spectra in phospholipid liposomes, suggesting that their molecular assemblies in membranes closely mimic those of AmB. Solid-state 2H NMR measurements of d3-AME in a hydrated membrane showed that the mobility of AME molecules depends on concentration and temperature. At a 1:5:45 AME:Erg:dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine ratio, AME became sufficiently mobilized to observe the motional averaging of quadrupole coupling. On the basis of the rotational averaging effect of 19F chemical shift anisotropy, 2H quadrupolar splitting, and 13C-19F dipolar coupling of 14β-F-AMEs, we deduced that the molecular axis of AME is predominantly parallel to the normal of a lipid bilayer. This result supports the barrel-stave model as a molecular assembly of AmB in membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Osaka University , 1-1 Machikaneyama , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-0043 , Japan.,JST-ERATO Lipid Active Structure Project, Graduate School of Science , Osaka University , 1-1 Machikaneyama , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-0043 , Japan
| | - Yuichi Umegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Osaka University , 1-1 Machikaneyama , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-0043 , Japan.,JST-ERATO Lipid Active Structure Project, Graduate School of Science , Osaka University , 1-1 Machikaneyama , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-0043 , Japan.,Fundamental Science Research Center, Graduate School of Science , Osaka University , 1-1 Machikaneyama , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-0043 , Japan
| | - Masaki Yamagami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Osaka University , 1-1 Machikaneyama , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-0043 , Japan
| | - Taiga Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Osaka University , 1-1 Machikaneyama , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-0043 , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsuchikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Osaka University , 1-1 Machikaneyama , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-0043 , Japan
| | - Shinya Hanashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Osaka University , 1-1 Machikaneyama , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-0043 , Japan
| | - Nobuaki Matsumori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Osaka University , 1-1 Machikaneyama , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-0043 , Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences , Kyushu University , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Michio Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Osaka University , 1-1 Machikaneyama , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-0043 , Japan.,JST-ERATO Lipid Active Structure Project, Graduate School of Science , Osaka University , 1-1 Machikaneyama , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-0043 , Japan.,Fundamental Science Research Center, Graduate School of Science , Osaka University , 1-1 Machikaneyama , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-0043 , Japan
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Neumann A, Wieczor M, Zielinska J, Baginski M, Czub J. Membrane Sterols Modulate the Binding Mode of Amphotericin B without Affecting Its Affinity for a Lipid Bilayer. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:3452-3461. [PMID: 27007267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-active antibiotics are known to selectively target certain pathogens based on cell membrane properties, such as fluidity, lipid ordering, and phase behavior. These are in turn modulated by the composition of a lipid bilayer and in particular by the presence and type of membrane sterols. Amphotericin B (AmB), the golden standard of antifungal treatment, exhibits higher activity toward ergosterol-rich fungal membranes, which permits its use against systemic mycoses; however, the selectivity for fungal membranes is far from satisfactory leading to severe side effects. Despite decades of research, no consensus has emerged on the origin of AmB specificity for fungal cells and its actual mode of action at the molecular level. Previously, it has been proposed that the specific action of AmB is related to differences in its affinity for membranes of different composition. In this work, we investigate this relationship by employing molecular dynamics simulations to compare the free energy of insertion of AmB into three types of membranes: a pure DMPC bilayer and DMPC bilayers containing 30% of cholesterol or ergosterol. We analyze the orientation of AmB molecules within the bilayer in order to unambiguously establish their membrane binding mode and relate the orientational freedom to the sterol-dependent tightness of lipid packing. Our results strongly indicate that the membrane insertion of AmB proceeds virtually to completion independent of membrane type, and hence the higher toxicity against fungal membranes may rather result from differences in subsequent oligomerization in the membrane and assembly of monomers into functional transmembrane pores. In particular, the latter could be facilitated by sterol-induced ordering of AmB molecules along the membrane normal, revealed by our free energy profiles. Moreover--in contrast to certain claims--we find no stable binding mode corresponding to the horizontal adsorption of AmB on the membrane surface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joanna Zielinska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk, Poland
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Evaluation of an anti-parasitic compound extracted from Streptomyces sp. HL-2-14 against fish parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. Parasitology 2015; 142:910-6. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182015000116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYThe present study was conducted to evaluate the anti-parasitic activity of a pure compound from Streptomyces sp. HL-2-14 against fish parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, and elucidate its chemical structure. By electron ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (1H NMR and 13C NMR), the compound was identified as amphotericin B (AmB). The in vitro trials revealed that AmB can effectively kill the theronts and tomonts of I. multifiliis with the median lethal concentration (LC50) of 0·8 mg L−1 at 30 min for the theronts and 4·3 mg L−1 at 2 h for the tomonts, respectively. AmB at 5 mg L−1 significantly reduced I. multifiliis infectivity prevalence and intensity on grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), and consequently decreased fish mortality, from 100% in control group to 30% in treated group. The 72 h acute toxicity (LC50) of AmB on grass carp was 20·6 mg L−1, but fish mortality was occurred when exposure to 13·0 mg L−1. These results indicated that AmB was effective in the therapy of I. multifiliis infection, but the safety concentration margin is relatively narrow. Further efforts aiming to decrease the toxicity and improve the therapeutic profile remain to be needed.
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The effect of sterols on amphotericin B self-aggregation in a lipid bilayer as revealed by free energy simulations. Biophys J 2013; 104:1485-94. [PMID: 23561525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphotericin B (AmB) is an effective but toxic antifungal drug, known to increase the permeability of the cell membrane, presumably by assembling into transmembrane pores in a sterol-dependent manner. The aggregation of AmB molecules in a phospholipid bilayer is, thus, crucial for the drug's activity. To provide an insight into the molecular nature of this process, here, we report an atomistic molecular dynamics simulation study of AmB head-to-head dimerization in a phospholipid bilayer, a possible early stage of aggregation. To compare the effect of sterols on the thermodynamics of aggregation and the architecture of the resulting AmB-AmB complexes, free energy profiles for the dimerization in ergosterol- or cholesterol-containing and sterol-free membranes are derived from the simulations. These profiles demonstrate that although AmB dimers are formed in all the systems studied, they are significantly less favorable in the bilayer with ergosterol than in the cholesterol-containing or sterol-free ones. We investigate the structural and energetic determinants of this difference and discuss its consequences for the AmB mechanism of action.
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Neumann A, Baginski M, Czub J. How Do Sterols Determine the Antifungal Activity of Amphotericin B? Free Energy of Binding between the Drug and Its Membrane Targets. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:18266-72. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1074344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Neumann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Maciej Baginski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jacek Czub
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
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Matsumori N, Tahara K, Yamamoto H, Morooka A, Doi M, Oishi T, Murata M. Direct interaction between amphotericin B and ergosterol in lipid bilayers as revealed by 2H NMR spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:11855-60. [PMID: 19645473 DOI: 10.1021/ja9033473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although amphotericin B (AmB) is thought to exert its antifungal activity by forming transmembrane ion-permeable self-assemblies together with ergosterol, no previous study has directly proven AmB-ergosterol interaction. To establish the interaction, we measured (2)H NMR using deuterium-labeled sterols and AmB. The (2)H NMR spectra of deuterated ergosterol in palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC) bilayers showed that fast axial diffusion of erogosterol was almost completely inhibited by the coexistence of AmB. Conversely, cholesterol mobility in POPC membrane was essentially unchanged with or without AmB. These results unequivocally demonstrate that ergosterol has significant interaction with AmB in POPC bilayers. In addition, we examined the mobility of AmB using deuterium-labeled AmB, and found that, although AmB is almost immobilized in sterol-free and cholesterol-containing POPC membranes, a certain ratio of AmB molecules acquires mobility in the presence of ergosterol. The similar mobility of AmB and ergosterol in POPC bilayers confirmed the idea of the direct intermolecular interaction between ergosterol and AmB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Matsumori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
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Gibbons WJ, Karp ES, Cellar NA, Minto RE, Lorigan GA. Solid-state NMR studies of a diverged microsomal amino-proximate delta12 desaturase peptide reveal causes of stability in bilayer: tyrosine anchoring and arginine snorkeling. Biophys J 2005; 90:1249-59. [PMID: 16326900 PMCID: PMC1367276 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.105.067884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports the solid-state NMR spectroscopic characterization of the amino-proximate transmembrane domain (TM-A) of a diverged microsomal delta12-desaturase (CREP-1) in a phospholipid bilayer. A series of TM-A peptides were synthesized with 2H-labeled side chains (Ala-53, -56, and -63, Leu-62, Val-50), and their dynamic properties were studied in 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) bilayers at various temperatures. At 6 mol % peptide to lipid, 31P NMR spectra indicated that the peptides did not significantly disrupt the phospholipid bilayer in the L(alpha) phase. The 2H NMR spectra from Ala-53 and Ala-56 samples revealed broad Pake patterns with quadrupolar splittings of 16.9 kHz and 13.3 kHz, respectively, indicating restricted motion confined within the hydrocarbon core of the phospholipid bilayer. Conversely, the deuterated Ala-63 sample revealed a peak centered at 0 kHz with a linewidth of 1.9 kHz, indicating increased side-chain motion and solvent exposure relative to the spectra of the other Ala residues. Val-50 and Leu-62 showed Pake patterns, with quadrupolar splittings of 3.5 kHz and 3.7 kHz, respectively, intermediate to Ala-53/Ala-56 and Ala-63. This indicates partial motional averaging and supports a model with the Val and Leu residues embedded inside the lipid bilayer. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy performed on the 2H-labeled Ala-56 TM-A peptide incorporated into magnetically aligned phospholipid bilayers indicated that the peptide is tilted 8 degrees with respect to the membrane normal of the lipid bilayer. Snorkeling and anchoring interactions of Arg-44 and Tyr-60, respectively, with the polar region or polar hydrophobic interface of the lipid bilayer are suggested as control elements for insertional depth and orientation of the helix in the lipid matrix. Thus, this study defines the location of key residues in TM-A with respect to the lipid bilayer, describes the conformation of TM-A in a biomembrane mimic, presents a peptide-bilayer model useful in the consideration of local protein folding in the microsomal desaturases, and presents a model of arginine and tyrosine control of transmembrane protein stability and insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Gibbons
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, USA
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Tyteca D, Schanck A, Dufrêne YF, Deleu M, Courtoy PJ, Tulkens PM, Mingeot-Leclercq MP. The macrolide antibiotic azithromycin interacts with lipids and affects membrane organization and fluidity: studies on Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers, liposomes and J774 macrophages. J Membr Biol 2003; 192:203-15. [PMID: 12820665 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-002-1076-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The macrolide antibiotic azithromycin was shown to markedly inhibit endocytosis. Here we investigate the interaction of azithromycin with biomembranes and its effects on membrane biophysics in relation to endocytosis. Equilibrium dialysis and 31P NMR revealed that azithromycin binds to lipidic model membranes and decreases the mobility of phospholipid phosphate heads. In contrast, azithromycin had no effect deeper in the bilayer, based on fluorescence polarization of TMA-DPH and DPH, compounds that, respectively, explore the interfacial and hydrophobic domains of bilayers, and it did not induce membrane fusion, a key event of vesicular trafficking. Atomic force microscopy showed that azithromycin perturbed lateral phase separation in Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers, indicating a perturbation of membrane organization in lateral domains. The consequence of azithromycin/ phospholipid interaction on membrane endocytosis was next evaluated in J774 macrophages by using three tracers with different insertion preferences inside the biological membranes and intracellular trafficking: C6-NBD-SM, TMA-DPH and N-Rh-PE. Azithromycin differentially altered their insertion into the plasma membrane, slowed down membrane trafficking towards lysosomes, as evaluated by the rate of N-Rh-PE self-quenching relief, but did not affect bulk membrane internalization of C6-NBD-SM and TMA-DPH. Azithromycin also decreased plasma membrane fluidity, as shown by TMA-DPH fluorescence polarization and confocal microscopy after labeling by fluorescent concanavalin A. We conclude that azithromycin directly interacts with phospholipids, modifies biophysical properties of membrane and affects membrane dynamics in living cells. This antibiotic may therefore help to elucidate the physico-chemical properties underlying endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Tyteca
- Unité de Pharmacologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Lopes S, Castanho MARB. Revealing the Orientation of Nystatin and Amphotericin B in Lipidic Multilayers by UV−Vis Linear Dichroism. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp020160s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Lopes
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, and Departamento de Química e Bioquímica da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Ed. C8, 1749−016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M. A. R. B. Castanho
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, and Departamento de Química e Bioquímica da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Ed. C8, 1749−016 Lisboa, Portugal
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Tycko R. Biomolecular solid state NMR: advances in structural methodology and applications to peptide and protein fibrils. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2001; 52:575-606. [PMID: 11326075 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.physchem.52.1.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods can provide atomic-level structural constraints on peptides and proteins in forms that are not amenable to characterization by other high-resolution structural techniques, owing to insolubility, high molecular weight, noncrystallinity, or other characteristics. Important examples include peptide and protein fibrils and membrane-bound peptides and proteins. Recent advances in solid state NMR methodology aimed at structural problems in biological systems are reviewed. The power of these methods is illustrated by experimental results on amyloid fibrils and other protein fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tycko
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0520, USA.
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