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Tordjman S. Aggressive behavior: A language to be understood. Encephale 2022; 48 Suppl 1:S4-S13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sagar-Ouriaghli I, Lievesley K, Santosh PJ. Propranolol for treating emotional, behavioural, autonomic dysregulation in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. J Psychopharmacol 2018; 32:641-653. [PMID: 29484909 DOI: 10.1177/0269881118756245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To date, there is no single medication prescribed to alleviate all the core symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD; National Institute of Health and Care Excellence, 2016). Both serotonin reuptake inhibitors and drugs for psychosis possess therapeutic drawbacks when managing anxiety and aggression in ASD. This review sought to appraise the use of propranolol as a pharmacological alternative when managing emotional, behavioural and autonomic dysregulation (EBAD) and other symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixteen reports examined the administration of propranolol in the context of ASD. RESULTS Sixteen reports broadly covered cognitive domains, neural correlates, and behavioural domains. From the eight single-dose clinical trials, propranolol led to significant improvements in cognitive performance - verbal problem solving, social skills, mouth fixation, and conversation reciprocity; and changes in neural correlates - improvement in semantic networks and functional connectivity. The remaining eight case series and single case reports showed improvements in EBAD, anxiety, aggressive, self-injurious and hypersexual behaviours. Additionally, propranolol significantly improved similar behavioural domains (aggression and self-injury) for those with acquired brain injury. CONCLUSION This review indicates that propranolol holds promise for EBAD and cognitive performance in ASD. Given the lack of good quality clinical trials, randomised controlled trials are warranted to explore the efficacy of propranolol in managing EBAD in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kate Lievesley
- 1 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, UK.,3 HealthTracker Ltd., Gillingham, UK
| | - Paramala J Santosh
- 1 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, UK.,2 Centre for Interventional Paediatric Psychopharmacology and Rare Diseases, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK.,3 HealthTracker Ltd., Gillingham, UK
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3
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Mehta S, McIntyre A, Janzen S, Iruthayarajah J, Bateman A, Teasell R. Pharmacological management of agitation among individuals with moderate to severe acquired brain injury: A systematic review. Brain Inj 2018; 32:287-296. [DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2017.1419377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Swati Mehta
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Parkwood Institute Research, Parkwood Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Amanda McIntyre
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Parkwood Institute Research, Parkwood Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Shannon Janzen
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Parkwood Institute Research, Parkwood Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jerome Iruthayarajah
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Parkwood Institute Research, Parkwood Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ali Bateman
- Parkwood Institute Research, Parkwood Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Teasell
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Kim JI, Shin MS, Lee Y, Lee H, Yoo HJ, Kim SY, Kim H, Kim SJ, Kim BN. Reliability and Validity of a New Comprehensive Tool for Assessing Challenging Behaviors in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Psychiatry Investig 2018; 15:54-61. [PMID: 29422926 PMCID: PMC5795031 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2018.15.1.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Korean Comprehensive Scale for the Assessment of Challenging Behavior in Developmental Disorders (K-CSCB). METHODS In total, the parents of 189 patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 168 controls completed the K-CSCB, the Behavior Problems Inventory (BPI) and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). The reliability and validity of the K-CSCB was investigated. RESULTS The K-CSCB was found to be a reliable instrument (Cronbach's α=0.97). There was a significant difference between the ASD and control groups in all subscale scores. Scores on the K-CSCB subscales were significantly correlated with those on the BPI and CBCL. The diagnostic validity was 97.7%, and the cut-off score with the highest sensitivity and specificity was 12.5 points. CONCLUSION The K-CSCB is the first tool in Korean to assess problematic behavior in individuals with ASD, and this study shows that it is a valid and reliable instrument. We expect the K-CSCB to be widely used in clinical and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Inhyang Kim
- Department of Public Health Medical Services, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sup Shin
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsun Lee
- Department of Education, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojung Lee
- Department of Education, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jeong Yoo
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Yeon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Kim
- Seoultop Psychiatric Clinic, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Frye RE, Wynne R, Rose S, Slattery J, Delhey L, Tippett M, Kahler SG, Bennuri SC, Melnyk S, Sequeira JM, Quadros EV. Thyroid dysfunction in children with autism spectrum disorder is associated with folate receptor α autoimmune disorder. J Neuroendocrinol 2017; 29. [PMID: 28199771 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Folate receptor α (FRα) autoantibodies (FRAAs) are prevalent in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). FRAAs disrupt folate transport across the blood-brain barrier by binding to the FRα. Thyroid dysfunction is frequently found in children with ASD. We measured blocking and binding FRAAs and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (T4) (FT4), total triiodothyronine (T3) (TT3), reverse T3 (rT3), thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH) and other metabolites in 87 children with ASD, 84 of whom also underwent behaviour and cognition testing and in 42 of whom FRAAs, TSH and FT4 were measured at two time points. To better understand the significance of the FRα in relation to thyroid development, we examined FRα expression on prenatal and postnatal thyroid. TSH, TT3 and rT3 were above the normal range in 7%, 33% and 51% of the participants and TRH was below the normal range in 13% of the participants. FT4 was rarely outside the normal range. TSH concentration was positively and the FT4/TSH, TT3/TSH and rT3/TSH ratios were inversely related to blocking FRAA titres. On repeated measurements, changes in TSH and FT4/TSH ratio were found to correspond to changes in blocking FRAA titres. TSH and the FT4/TSH, TT3/TSH and rT3/TSH ratios were related to irritability on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist and several scales of the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), whereas TT3 was associated with SRS subscales and TRH was related to Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale subscales. The thyroid showed significant FRα expression during the early prenatal period, although expression decreased significantly in later gestation and postnatal thyroid tissue. The results of the present study suggest that thyroid dysfunction in ASD may be related to blocking FRAA. The high expression of FRα in the early foetal thyroid suggests that foetal and neonatal exposure to maternal FRAAs could affect the development of the thyroid and may contribute to the pathology in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Frye
- Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - R Wynne
- Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - S Rose
- Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - J Slattery
- Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - L Delhey
- Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - M Tippett
- Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - S G Kahler
- Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - S C Bennuri
- Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - S Melnyk
- Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - J M Sequeira
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York - Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - E V Quadros
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York - Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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Matson JL, Jang J. Treating aggression in persons with autism spectrum disorders: a review. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2014; 35:3386-3391. [PMID: 25194514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Aggression is one of the most frequent and debilitating problems observed among persons with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). It is common and can be more problematic than many core symptoms of ASD. Thus, treating the behavior is a high priority. A surprisingly limited number of studies have addressed treatment when taken in the context of the vast ASD literature. This paper reviews many of these papers and describes the types of interventions that have been used and the characteristics of the people who have been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jina Jang
- Louisiana State University, United States.
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Horovitz M, Matson JL, Rieske RD, Kozlowski AM, Sipes M. The relationship between race and challenging behaviours in infants and toddlers with autistic disorder and pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified. Dev Neurorehabil 2011; 14:208-14. [PMID: 21732805 DOI: 10.3109/17518423.2011.566596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the contributions of race and diagnostic category to endorsement rates of challenging behaviours in infants and toddlers with autism, PDD-NOS and atypical development without ASD, using the Baby and Infant Screen for Children with aUtIsm Traits, Part-3 (BISCUIT Part-3). DESIGN Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) on each sub-scale of the BISCUIT Part-3. Follow-up univariate analyses and post-hoc tests as needed. METHODS Scores on the BISCUIT Part-3 were compared for 453 Caucasian and 409 African-American infants and toddlers, grouped by race and diagnosis. RESULTS Significant differences between races were found on five out of 10 aggressive behaviours, while no significant differences were found on self-injurious or stereotypic behaviours. Significant differences between diagnostic groups were found on all behaviours. CONCLUSION Cultural factors should be taken into account when examining challenging behaviours in infants and toddlers with ASD.
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Robb AS. Managing irritability and aggression in autism spectrum disorders in children and adolescents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 16:258-64. [PMID: 20981764 DOI: 10.1002/ddrr.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Children with autism and autism spectrum disorders have a high rate of irritability and aggressive symptoms. In one study up to 20% of children with autism have symptoms of irritability and aggression including aggression, severe tantrums, and deliberate self injurious behavior (Lecavalier [2006] J. Autism Dev. Disord. 36:1101-1114.). These symptoms can lead to impairment and distress in both home and school settings. Medications to treat the irritability will be discussed across categories of antipsychotics, antidepressants, antihypertensive agents, and others. Emphasis will be placed on medications with the most safety and efficacy and FDA approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaide S Robb
- Department of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, George Washington University Medical Center, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
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Bronsard G, Botbol M, Tordjman S. Aggression in low functioning children and adolescents with autistic disorder. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14358. [PMID: 21200441 PMCID: PMC3006199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents, caregivers and mental health professionals have often reported violence and aggression in children or adolescents with autistic disorder. However, most of these observations derived from anecdotal reports, and studies on frequency and characterization of aggression in autism remain limited. Our objective was to better characterize and understand the different types of aggressive behaviors displayed by a large group of individuals with autism in different observational situations. METHODOLOGY/FINDINGS The study was conducted on 74 children and adolescents with autism and 115 typically developing control individuals matched for sex, age and pubertal stage. Other-Injurious Behaviors (OIB) were assessed in three observational situations (parents at home, two caregivers at day-care, a nurse and a child psychiatrist during blood drawing) using validated scales. The frequency of OIB was significantly higher in individuals with autism compared to typically developing control individuals during the blood drawing (23% vs. 0%, P<0 .01). The parents observed significantly less OIB in their children than caregivers (34% vs. 58%, P<0.05). In addition, the most frequent concurrent behaviors occurring just before the appearance of OIB in individuals with autism were anxiety-related behaviors and excitation according to the parental as well as the caregiver observation. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The results suggest that in a stressful situation, such as the blood drawing, individuals with autism release their stress through behaviors such as OIB, whereas typically developing individuals regulate and express their stress through cognitive skills such as mental coping strategies, symbolization skills with representation and anticipation of the stressful situation, social interaction and verbal or non-verbal communication. The findings underline also the key role of the environment in assessing OIB and developing therapeutic perspectives, with an individual who modulates his/her behavior according to the environment, and an environment that perceives this behavior and reacts to it with different tolerance thresholds according to the observers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Bronsard
- Maison Départementale de l'Adolescent et Centre Médico-Psycho-Pédagogique (Conseil Général des Bouches-du-Rhône), Laboratoire de Santé Publique (EA3279) de la Faculté de Médecine de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Botbol
- Ecole des Psychologues Praticiens, Paris Catholic University, Société Psychanalytique de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Tordjman
- Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception, UMR 8158 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, and Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, France
- * E-mail:
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Matson JL, Neal D, Fodstad JC, Hess JA. The relation of social behaviours and challenging behaviours in infants and toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Dev Neurorehabil 2010; 13:164-9. [PMID: 20450465 DOI: 10.3109/17518420903270683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Challenging behaviours are a commonly co-occuring problem in children with ASD and are often present during the toddler years. The relationship that these challenging behaviours have with core features of ASD, specifically social behaviours, was examined in this study. METHOD This study analysed the relationship between socialization and challenging behaviours among 153 toddlers with autism spectrum disorder. Social behaviour was evaluated using the Battelle Developmental Inventory, 2nd Edition and challenging behaviours were assessed using Baby and Infant Screen for Children with aUtIsm Traits, Part 3. RESULT Lower levels of adult interaction and peer interaction were associated with higher levels of stereotypic behaviour, aggressive/destructive behaviour and to a lesser extent self-injury. CONCLUSIONS The nature of the relationships between socialization and challenging behaviours likely interact in several ways. A better understanding of these relationships is essential to early identification and treatment of children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny L Matson
- Psychology, Louisiana State University, Psychology, Baton Rouge, 70816, USA.
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Matson JL, Nebel-Schwalm M. Assessing challenging behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorders: a review. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2007; 28:567-79. [PMID: 16973329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2006.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2005] [Revised: 10/05/2005] [Accepted: 08/01/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A common covarying group of behaviors with ASD are self-injury, aggression, noncompliance, and stereotypies. These problems and related challenging behaviors are problematic in that they are physically dangerous and can impede learning and access to normal activities. Additionally, they require a considerable amount of resources, and compound the difficulty in treating core ASD symptoms. Despite the high profile challenging behaviors present in this population, there has not been a great deal of research regarding assessment, identification, and monitoring of such difficulties. This review covers available empirical based methods for assessing these behaviors. A discussion is provided of potential avenues for future research and clinical practice which is urgently needed for ASD children at this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny L Matson
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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Baron CA, Liu SY, Hicks C, Gregg JP. Utilization of Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines as a System for the Molecular Modeling of Autism. J Autism Dev Disord 2006; 36:973-82. [PMID: 16845580 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-006-0134-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In order to provide an alternative approach for understanding the biology and genetics of autism, we performed statistical analysis of gene expression profiles of lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from children with autism and their families. The goal was to assess the feasibility of using this model in identifying autism-associated genes. Replicate microarray experiments demonstrated that expression data from the cell lines were consistent and highly reproducible. Further analyses identified differentially expressed genes between cell lines derived from children with autism and those derived from their normally developing siblings. These genes were then used to identify biochemical pathways potentially involved in autism. This study suggests that lymphoblastoid cell lines may be a viable tool for identifying genes associated with autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin A Baron
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and MIND Institute, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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