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Kianmehr E, Gholamhosseyni M. Visible-Light-Promoted Copper-Catalyzed Regioselective Benzylation of Pyridine N
-Oxides versus Thermal Acylation Reaction with Toluene Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Kianmehr
- School of Chemistry; College of Science; University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
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2
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Al-Alshaikh MA, Mary Y S, Panicker CY, Attia MI, El-Emam AA, Alsenoy CV. Spectroscopic investigations and molecular docking study of 3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-phenylpropan-1-one, a potential precursor to bioactive agents. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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3
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Kianmehr E, Faghih N, Khan KM. Palladium-Catalyzed Regioselective Benzylation–Annulation of Pyridine N-Oxides with Toluene Derivatives via Multiple C–H Bond Activations: Benzylation versus Arylation. Org Lett 2015; 17:414-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol503238a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Kianmehr
- School
of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Nasser Faghih
- School
of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H.
E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical
and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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4
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Design and Antimicrobial Evaluation of 1-Methylimidazole Derivatives as New Antifungal and Antibacterial Agents. Pharm Chem J 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-014-1140-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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5
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Design, Synthesis, and Molecular Docking of 1-(1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethylidene)-2-phenylhydrazine as Potent Nonazole Anticandidal Agent. J CHEM-NY 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/154357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
1-(1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethylidene)-2-phenylhydrazine (13) was designed and synthesized as potential nonazole anticandidal agent and precisely characterized by IR,1H NMR,13C NMR, and ESI-MS. The anti-Candidaactivity of13was evaluated against fourCandidaspecies (C. albicans, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, andC. glabrata). Compound13displayed good anticandidal activities (MIC=0.39, 0.195, 0.39, and 1.56 μmol/mL, resp.) in comparison with that of the standard drug fluconazole (MIC=0.195, inactive, 1.56, and 1.56 μmol/mL, resp.) againstC. albicans, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, andC. glabrata, respectively. A molecular modeling of the newly synthesized compound13was built in order to investigate its mode of action towards the prospective target cytochrome P450-dependent enzyme lanosterol 14α-demethylase (PDB-code: 1EA1). The docking results showed a similar binding interaction of13and fluconazole at the active site of CYT P450 14α-sterol demethylase. Furthermore, compound13showed no cytotoxicity against normal human breast cell line MCF10A.
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6
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Homology modeling of lanosterol 14α-demethylase of Candida albicans and insights into azole binding. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0769-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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7
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Sheng C, Che X, Wang W, Wang S, Cao Y, Yao J, Miao Z, Zhang W. Design and synthesis of antifungal benzoheterocyclic derivatives by scaffold hopping. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:1706-12. [PMID: 21411192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of invasive fungal infections and associated mortality is increasing dramatically. Although azoles are first-line antifungal agents, cross-resistance and hepatic toxicity are their two major limitations. The discovery of novel non-azole lead compounds will be helpful to overcome these problems. On the basis of our previously reported benzopyran non-azole CYP51 inhibitor, scaffold hopping was used to design structurally diverse new compounds and expand the structure-activity relationships of the lead structure. Five kinds of scaffolds, namely benzimidazole, benzoxazole, benzothiazole, quinazolin-4-one and carboline, were chosen for synthesis. In vitro antifungal activity data and results from molecular docking revealed that the scaffold was important for the antifungal activity. Several compounds showed potent activity against both standard and clinically resistant fungal pathogens, suggesting that they can serve as a good starting point for the discovery of novel antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunquan Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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8
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Synthesis and in vitro antifungal activities of new 3-substituted benzopyrone derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:7106-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2010] [Revised: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Roy K, Roy PP. Exploring QSARs for Binding Affinity of Azoles with CYP2B and CYP3A Enzymes Using GFA and G/PLS Techniques. Chem Biol Drug Des 2008; 71:464-473. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2008.00658.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Gemma S, Campiani G, Butini S, Kukreja G, Coccone SS, Joshi BP, Persico M, Nacci V, Fiorini I, Novellino E, Fattorusso E, Taglialatela-Scafati O, Savini L, Taramelli D, Basilico N, Parapini S, Morace G, Yardley V, Croft S, Coletta M, Marini S, Fattorusso C. Clotrimazole scaffold as an innovative pharmacophore towards potent antimalarial agents: design, synthesis, and biological and structure-activity relationship studies. J Med Chem 2008; 51:1278-94. [PMID: 18278860 DOI: 10.1021/jm701247k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe herein the design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of an innovative class of antimalarial agents based on a polyaromatic pharmacophore structurally related to clotrimazole and easy to synthesize by low-cost synthetic procedures. SAR studies delineated a number of structural features able to modulate the in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity. A selected set of antimalarials was further biologically investigated and displayed low in vitro toxicity on a panel of human and murine cell lines. In vitro, the novel compounds proved to be selective for free heme, as demonstrated in the beta-hematin inhibitory activity assay, and did not show inhibitory activity against 14-alpha-lanosterol demethylase (a fungal P450 cytochrome). Compounds 2, 4e, and 4n exhibited in vivo activity against P. chabaudi after oral administration and thus represent promising antimalarial agents for further preclinical development.
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Yao B, Ji H, Cao Y, Zhou Y, Zhu J, Lü J, Li Y, Chen J, Zheng C, Jiang Y, Liang R, Tang H. Synthesis and antifungal activities of novel 2-aminotetralin derivatives. J Med Chem 2007; 50:5293-300. [PMID: 17900179 DOI: 10.1021/jm0701167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Novel 2-aminotetralin derivatives were synthesized as antifungal agents. The 2-aminotetralin scaffold was chemically designed to mimic the tetrahydroisoquinoline ring of the lead molecule described before. Their antifungal activities were evaluated in vitro by measuring the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Compounds 10a, 12a, 12c, 13b, and 13d are more potent than fluconazole against seven testing human fungal pathogens. Compound 10b exhibits much higher antifungal activities against all of the four fluconazole-resistant clinic Candida albicans strains than the control drugs including amphotericin B, terbinafine, ketoconazole, and itraconazole. The mode of action of some compounds to the potential receptor lanosterol 14alpha-demethylase (CYP51) was investigated by molecular docking. The studies presented here provide a new structural type for the development of novel antifungal compounds. Furthermore, 10b was evaluated in vivo by a rat vaginal candidiasis model, and it was found that 10b significantly decreases the number of fungal colony counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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12
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Zhu J, Lu J, Zhou Y, Li Y, Cheng J, Zheng C. Design, synthesis, and antifungal activities in vitro of novel tetrahydroisoquinoline compounds based on the structure of lanosterol 14alpha-demethylase (CYP51) of fungi. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:5285-9. [PMID: 16905318 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2006] [Revised: 07/16/2006] [Accepted: 08/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Novel tetrahydroisoquinoline compounds were designed by coupling structure-based de novo design based on the structure of lanosterol 14alpha-demethylase (CYP51). The chemical synthesis and the antifungal activities in vitro of them were reported. The results exhibited that all of the lead compounds showed potent antifungal activities, in which compounds 6 and 7 had equal or stronger antifungal activities against five test fungi than that of fluconazole. The studies presented here provided the antifungal lead compounds. The affinity of the lead molecules for CYP51 was mainly attributed to their non-bonding interaction with the apoprotein, which was different from the azole antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Zhu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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13
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Vasanthanathan P, Lakshmi M, Arockia Babu M, Kaskhedikar SG. Influence of thermodynamic parameter in Lanosterol 14alpha-demethylase inhibitory activity as antifungal agents: a QSAR approach. Biol Pharm Bull 2006; 29:1262-6. [PMID: 16755030 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.29.1262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A quantitative structure activity relationship, Hansch approach was applied on twenty compounds of chromene derivatives as Lanosterol 14alpha-demethylase inhibitory activity against eight fungal organisms. Various physicochemical descriptors and reported minimum inhibitory concentration values of different fungal organisms were used as independent variables and dependent variable respectively. The best models for eight different fungal organisms were first validated by leave-one-out cross validation procedure. It was revealed that thermodynamic parameters were found to have overall significant correlationship with anti fungal activity and these studies provide an insight to design new molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poongavanam Vasanthanathan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das National Institute of Technology and Management, Chinhut, Lucknow, India.
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14
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Vasanthanathan P, Lakshmi M, Arockia Babu M, Gupta AK, Kaskhedikar SG. QSAR Study of 3-Phenyl-5-acyloxymethyl-2H,5H-furan-2-ones as Antifungal Agents: The Dominant Role of Electronic Parameter. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2006; 54:583-7. [PMID: 16595972 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.54.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To explore physicochemical properties of 3-phenyl-5-acyloxymethyl-2H,5H-furan-2-ones derivatives responsible for their antifungal activity, a quantitative structure activity relationship, Hansch approach was applied on sixteen compounds of above mentioned derivatives. Various physicochemical descriptors and reported minimum inhibitory concentration values of different fungal organisms were used as independent variables and dependent variable respectively. The best models for twelve different fungal organisms were first validated by leave-one-out cross validation procedure. Further, bootstrapping method was adopted to assess the robustness of the models. It was revealed that electronic parameters were found to have overall significant correlation with antifungal activity and these studies provide an insight to design new molecules.
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15
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Ruge E, Korting HC, Borelli C. Current state of three-dimensional characterisation of antifungal targets and its use for molecular modelling in drug design. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2005; 26:427-41. [PMID: 16289513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2005.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The alarming rise in life-threatening systemic fungal infections due to the emergence of drug-resistant fungal strains had produced an increased demand for new antimycotics, especially those targeting novel antifungal structures. Drug discovery has developed from screening natural products and chemical synthesis to a modern approach, namely structure-based drug design. Whilst many antifungal agents currently in use were discovered more than 30 years ago, characterisation of various drug targets has only been achieved recently, contributing immensely to understanding the structure-activity relationships of antifungals and their targets. Three-dimensional characterisation has become a well established tool for modern antifungal drug research and should play an important role in investigations for new antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ruge
- Department of Dermatology, University of Munich, Frauenlobstr. 9-11, 80337 Munich, Germany.
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16
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Bachmann K, He Y, Sarver JG, Peng N. Characterization of the cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the in vitro metabolism of ethosuximide by human hepatic microsomal enzymes. Xenobiotica 2003; 33:265-76. [PMID: 12637244 DOI: 10.1080/0049825021000061606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
1. The relative roles of human hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) subfamilies participating in ethosuximide metabolism have been studied in vitro using humanized heterologous CYP microsomal systems expressing either CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 or CYP3A4. 2. Ethosuximide was incubated with each expression system at 37 degrees C, and its hydroxylated metabolite was quantified by HPLC assay. 3. K(m) and V(max) values for metabolite formation were estimated for CYP3A4 and CYP2E1. The K(m) values for the metabolite formed were 1.40 and 0.24 mM for CYP3A4 and CYP2E1, respectively. The V(max) values were 0.65 and 0.14 nmol mg-1 protein min(-1) for CYP3A4 and CYP2E1, respectively. 4. These parameters could not be measured for other enzymes, since metabolite concentrations formed were below the HPLC detection limits. 5. Immuno-inhibition studies using specific antibodies against CYP3A4 or CYP2E1 revealed that ethosuximide metabolite levels decreased when the amount of added CYP3A4 or CYP2E1 antibody increased, with anti-CYP3A4 antibodies yielding a greater inhibitory effect. 6. Simulations of scaled-up in vivo ethosuximide CL(hepatic) mediated by CYP3A4 and CYP2E1 based on the in vitro CL'(int) values, which were calculated from the foregoing respective V(max) and K(m) values, project that well over 90% of in vivo CL(hepatic) is due to CYP3A4. These results support an important role for CYP3A in human ethosuximide metabolism, and a minor role for CYP2E1.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bachmann
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, OH 43606, USA.
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Ji H, Zhang W, Zhang M, Kudo M, Aoyama Y, Yoshida Y, Sheng C, Song Y, Yang S, Zhou Y, Lü J, Zhu J. Structure-based de novo design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of non-azole inhibitors specific for lanosterol 14alpha-demethylase of fungi. J Med Chem 2003; 46:474-85. [PMID: 12570370 DOI: 10.1021/jm020362c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The active site of lanosterol 14alpha-demethylase (CYP51) was investigated via MCSS functional group mapping and LUDI calculations. Several non-azole lead molecules were obtained by coupling structure-based de novo design with chemical synthesis and biological evaluation. All of the lead molecules exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on CYP51 of Candida albicans. They occupy the substrate-binding site and interfere with the binding of azole antifungal agents in a competitive manner. The mode of action of the lead molecules was validated by spectrophotomeric analysis and SAR studies. This is the first successful example reported for the inhibitor design of the cytochrome P450 superfamily using the de novo design strategy. Because the affinity of the lead molecules for CYP51 was mainly attributed to their nonbonding interaction with the apoprotein, the studies presented here afford the opportunity to develop novel antifungal agents that specifically interact with the residues in the active site and avoid the serious toxicity arising from coordination binding with the heme of mammalian P450s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Ji
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Microbiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Kobayashi Y, Suzuki M, Ohshiro N, Sunagawa T, Sasaki T, Tokuyama S, Yamamoto T, Yoshida T. Climbazole is a new potent inducer of rat hepatic cytochrome P450. J Toxicol Sci 2001; 26:141-50. [PMID: 11552297 DOI: 10.2131/jts.26.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We examined the effect of climbazole on the induction of rat hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450 (P450), and compared the induction potency with other N-substituted azole drugs such as clorimazole. We found that climbazole is found to be a potent inducer of rat hepatic microsomal P450 as clorimazole. Induced level of P450 by climbazole was almost similar in extent to clorimazole when compared with other imidazole drugs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Parallel to the increase in P450, climbazole increased aminopyrine and erythromycin N-demethylase, ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase, and androstenedione 16 beta- and 15 alpha/6 beta hydroxylase activities; however, clorimazole did not induce aminopyrine N-demethylase activity irrespective of its marked increase in P450 content. Immunoblot analyses revealed that climbazole induced CYP2B1, 3A2 and 4A1. The present findings indicate that climbazole is a new potent inducer of hepatic microsomal P450 and drug-metabolizing enzymes like clorimazole, but it may have some differential mechanism(s) for these enzymes' induction in rat liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kobayashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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Wulff H, Miller MJ, Hansel W, Grissmer S, Cahalan MD, Chandy KG. Design of a potent and selective inhibitor of the intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel, IKCa1: a potential immunosuppressant. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:8151-6. [PMID: 10884437 PMCID: PMC16685 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.14.8151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 488] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimycotic clotrimazole, a potent inhibitor of the intermediate-conductance calcium-activated K(+) channel, IKCa1, is in clinical trials for the treatment of sickle cell disease and diarrhea and is effective in ameliorating the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. However, inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes by clotrimazole limits its therapeutic value. We have used a rational design strategy to develop a clotrimazole analog that selectively inhibits IKCa1 without blocking cytochrome P450 enzymes. A screen of 83 triarylmethanes revealed the pharmacophore for channel block to be different from that required for cytochrome P450 inhibition. The "IKCa1-pharmacophore" consists of a (2-halogenophenyl)diphenylmethane moiety substituted by an unsubstituted polar pi-electron-rich heterocycle (pyrazole or tetrazole) or a -CN group, whereas cytochrome P450 inhibition absolutely requires the imidazole ring. A series of pyrazoles, acetonitriles, and tetrazoles were synthesized and found to selectively block IKCa1. TRAM-34 (1-[(2-chlorophenyl)diphenylmethyl]-1H-pyrazole) inhibits the cloned and the native IKCa1 channel in human T lymphocytes with a K(d) of 20-25 nM and is 200- to 1,500-fold selective over other ion channels. Using TRAM-34, we show that blocking IKCa1 in human lymphocytes, in the absence of P450-inhibition, results in suppression of mitogen-stimulated [(3)H]thymidine incorporation of preactivated lymphocytes with EC(50)-values of 100 nM-1 microM depending on the donor. Combinations of TRAM-34 and cyclosporin A are more effective in suppressing lymphocyte mitogenesis than either compound alone. Our studies suggest that TRAM-34 and related compounds may hold therapeutic promise as immunosuppressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wulff
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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