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Ciaffaglione V, Modica MN, Pittalà V, Romeo G, Salerno L, Intagliata S. Mutual Prodrugs of 5-Fluorouracil: From a Classic Chemotherapeutic Agent to Novel Potential Anticancer Drugs. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3496-3512. [PMID: 34415107 PMCID: PMC9290623 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of potent antitumor agents with a low toxicological profile against healthy cells is still one of the greatest challenges facing medicinal chemistry. In this context, the “mutual prodrug” approach has emerged as a potential tool to overcome undesirable physicochemical features and mitigate the side effects of approved drugs. Among broad‐spectrum chemotherapeutics available for clinical use today, 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) is one of the most representative, also included in the World Health Organization model list of essential medicines. Unfortunately, severe side effects and drug resistance phenomena are still the primary limits and drawbacks in its clinical use. This review describes the progress made over the last ten years in developing 5‐FU‐based mutual prodrugs to improve the therapeutic profile and achieve targeted delivery to cancer tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Ciaffaglione
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria N Modica
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Pittalà
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Romeo
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Loredana Salerno
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Intagliata
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
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Zhuang XC, Zhang YL, Chen GL, Liu Y, Hu XL, Li N, Wu JL, Guo MQ. Identification of Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Proliferative Neolignanamides from Warburgia ugandensis Employing Multi-Target Affinity Ultrafiltration and LC-MS. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14040313. [PMID: 33915848 PMCID: PMC8065987 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous reports have illustrated that the incidence and mortality of cancer are increasing year by year worldwide. In addition, the occurrence, development, recurrence and metastasis of cancer are closely related to inflammation, which is a kind of defensive response of human body to various stimuli. As an important medicinal plant in Africa, Warburgia ugandensis has been reported to have certain anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities, but its specific components and mechanisms of action remain elusive. To tackle this challenge, affinity ultrafiltration with drug targets of interest coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (AUF-HPLC-MS/MS) could be utilized to quickly screen out bioactive constituents as ligands against target enzymes from complex extracts of this plant. AUF-HPLC-MS/MS with four drug targets, i.e., cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), topoisomerase I (Top I) and topoisomerase II (Top II) were used to rapidly screen and characterize the anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative natural ligands from W. ugandensis, and the resulting potential active compounds as ligands with specific binding affinity to COX-2, 5-LOX, Top I and Top II, were isolated with modern separation and purification techniques and identified with spectroscopic method like NMR, and then their antiinflammatory and anti-proliferative activities were tested to verify the screening results from AUF-HPLC-MS/MS. Compounds 1 and 2, which screened out and identified from W. ugandensis showed remarkable binding affinity to COX-2, 5-LOX, Top I and Top II with AUF-HPLC-MS/MS. In addition, 1 new compound (compound 3), together with 5 known compounds were also isolated and identified from W. ugandensis. The structure of compound 3 was elucidated by extensive 1D, 2D NMR data and UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. Furthermore, compounds 1 and 2 were further proved to possess both anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities which are in good agreement with the screening results using AUF-HPLC-MS/MS. This work showcased an efficient method for quickly screening out bioactive components with anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activity from complex medicinal plant extracts using AUF-HPLC-MS/MS with target enzymes of interest, and also demonstrated that neolignanamides (compounds 1 and 2) from W. ugandensis would be the active components responsible for its anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activity with the potential to treat cancer and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Cui Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (X.-C.Z.); (Y.-L.Z.); (G.-L.C.); (Y.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Chemical Biology and Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi 653100, China
| | - Yong-Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (X.-C.Z.); (Y.-L.Z.); (G.-L.C.); (Y.L.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Gui-Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (X.-C.Z.); (Y.-L.Z.); (G.-L.C.); (Y.L.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (X.-C.Z.); (Y.-L.Z.); (G.-L.C.); (Y.L.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau SAR, China; (X.-L.H.); (N.L.); (J.-L.W.)
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau SAR, China; (X.-L.H.); (N.L.); (J.-L.W.)
| | - Jian-Lin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau SAR, China; (X.-L.H.); (N.L.); (J.-L.W.)
| | - Ming-Quan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (X.-C.Z.); (Y.-L.Z.); (G.-L.C.); (Y.L.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-027-87700850
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Saha S, Giri TK. Breaking the Barrier of Cancer through Papaya Extract and their Formulation. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:1577-1587. [PMID: 31418665 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190722160955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background:
In the last decade, many new avenues of cancer treatment have opened up but the costs
of treatment have sky-rocketed too. Hence, screening of indigenously available plant and animal resources for
anti-carcinogenic potential is an important branch of anticancer research. The effort has been made through
this comprehensive review to highlight the recent developments of anticancer therapies using different parts of
papaya plant extract.
Methods:
In search of the naturally existing animals and plants for anticarcinogenic potential, papaya plant has
been exploited by the scientist working in this research field. A widespread literature search was performed for
writing this review.
Results:
Different constituents of Carica papaya responsible for anticancer activities have been discussed.
Papaya extract for the treatment of breast, liver, blood, pancreas, skin, prostate, and colon cancer have also been
reported. Finally, the various formulation approach using Carica papaya extract have been highlighted.
Conclusion:
The information provided in this review might be useful for researchers in designing of novel formulation
of Carica papaya extract for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumana Saha
- NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata Group of Institutions, 124 BL Saha Road, Kolkata-700053, West Bengal, India
| | - Tapan Kumar Giri
- NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata Group of Institutions, 124 BL Saha Road, Kolkata-700053, West Bengal, India
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Zi CT, Yang L, Dong FW, Kong QH, Ding ZT, Zhou J, Jiang ZH, Hu JM. Synthesis and antitumor activity of camptothecin- 4β-triazolopodophyllotoxin conjugates. Nat Prod Res 2019; 34:2301-2309. [PMID: 30636439 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1538223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ting Zi
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Nature Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Fa-Wu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Qing-Hua Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Zhong-Tao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Nature Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Zi-Hua Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Jiang-Miao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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Chiang CJ, Lin LJ, Wu CP, Chen CJ, Chao YP. Development of Nanoscale Oil Bodies for Targeted Treatment of Lung Cancer. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:9438-9445. [PMID: 30122032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most widespread disease and is frequently associated with a high level of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). This study was thus conducted to provide a proof-of-concept approach for targeted therapy of lung cancer by development of nanoscale oil bodies (NOBs). This was carried out by fusion of anti-EGFR affibody (ZEGFR2) with oleosin (Ole), a structure protein of plant seed oils. The fusion protein (Ole-ZEGFR2) was produced in Escherichia coli. NOBs were spontaneously assembled from plant oil, phospholipids, and Ole-ZEGFR2. Consequently, Ole-ZEGFR2-based NOBs were selectively internalized by EGFR-positive lung cancer cells with an efficiency exceeding 90%. Furthermore, the hydrophobic anticancer drug, camptothecin (CPT), was encapsulated into Ole-ZEGFR2-based NOBs. The administration of the CPT formulation based on NOBs resulted in a strong antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yun-Peng Chao
- Department of Medical Research , China Medical University Hospital , Taichung 40447 , Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Feng Chia University , 100 Wenhwa Road , Taichung 40724 , Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology , Asia University , Taichung 41354 , Taiwan
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Srinivas B, Krupadanam GLD. Synthesis of novel 2H-chromene-3-carboxylate isoxazole/isoxazoline derivatives via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction (NOAC). RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363217020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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A facile and efficient synthesis of polycyclic spiropyrrolidine oxindoles bearing mesityl oxide unit via a three-component 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Liu XL, Jing DH, Yao Z, Zhang WH, Liu XW, Yang ZJ, Zhao Z, Zhou Y, Li XN. DABCO-catalyzed sp3 C–H activation: rapid access to isoxazole or coumarin-fused 3-quaternary carbon oxindoles and isoxazole-fused pyrrolidinones. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Martinez DM, Barcellos AM, Casaril AM, Savegnago L, Perin G, Schiesser CH, Callaghan KL, Lenardão EJ. Twice acting antioxidants: synthesis and antioxidant properties of selenium and sulfur-containing zingerone derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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10
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Novel DNA topoisomerase IIα inhibitors from combined ligand- and structure-based virtual screening. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114904. [PMID: 25489853 PMCID: PMC4260913 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA topoisomerases are enzymes responsible for the relaxation of DNA torsional strain, as well as for the untangling of DNA duplexes after replication, and are important cancer drug targets. One class of topoisomerase inhibitors, “poisons”, binds to the transient enzyme-DNA complex which occurs during the mechanism of action, and inhibits the religation of DNA. This ultimately leads to the accumulation of DNA double strand breaks and cell death. Different types of topoisomerases occur in human cells and several poisons of topoisomerase I and II are widely used clinically. However, their use is compromised by a variety of side effects. Recent studies confirm that the inhibition of the α-isoform of topoisomerase II is responsible for the cytotoxic effect, whereas the inhibition of the β-isoform leads to development of adverse drug reactions. Thus, the discovery of agents selective for topoisomerase IIα is an important strategy for the development of topoisomerase II poisons with improved clinical profiles. Here, we present a computer-aided drug design study leading to the identification of structurally novel topoisomerase IIα poisons. The study combines ligand- and structure-based drug design methods including pharmacophore models, homology modelling, docking, and virtual screening of the National Cancer Institute compound database. From the 8 compounds identified from the computational work, 6 were tested for their capacity to poison topoisomerase II in vitro: 4 showed selective inhibitory activity for the α- over the β-isoform and 3 of these exhibited cytotoxic activity. Thus, our study confirms the applicability of computer-aided methods for the discovery of novel topoisomerase II poisons, and presents compounds which could be investigated further as selective topoisomerase IIα inhibitors.
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Changes in phytochemical synthesis, chalcone synthase activity and pharmaceutical qualities of sabah snake grass (Clinacanthus nutans L.) in relation to plant age. Molecules 2014; 19:17632-48. [PMID: 25361426 PMCID: PMC6271923 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191117632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, changes in secondary metabolite synthesis and the pharmaceutical quality of sabah snake grass leaves and buds were considered in relation to plant age (1 month, 6 months, and 1 year old). The activity of the enzyme chalcone synthase (CHS, EC 2.3.1.74) was measured, as it is a key enzyme for flavonoid production. Significant differences in total flavonoid (TF) production were observed between the three plant growth periods and the different plant parts. The highest contents of TF (6.32 mg/g dry weight [DW]) and total phenolic (TP) (18.21 mg/g DW) were recorded in 6-month-old buds. Among the flavonoids isolated in this study the most important ones based on concentration were from high to low as follows: catechin > quercetin > kaempferol > luteolin. Production of phenolic acids increased from 1 to 6 months, but after 6 months up to 1 year of age, they decreased significantly. The highest contents of caffeic acid (0.307 mg/g DW) and gallic acid (5.96 mg/g DW) were recorded in 1-year and 6-month-old buds, respectively. The lowest and highest activity of CHS was recorded in 1-month and 6-month-old buds with values of 3.6 and 9.5 nkat/mg protein, respectively. These results indicate that the increment in flavonoids and phenolic acids in 6-month-old buds can be attributed to an increase in CHS activity. The highest 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity was observed in the extract of 1-year-old buds followed by 6-month-old buds, with 50% of free radical scavenging (IC50) values of 64.6 and 73.5 µg/mL, respectively. Interestingly, a ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay showed a higher activity in 6-month-old buds (488 μM of Fe(II)/g) than in 1-year-old buds (453 μM of Fe(II)/g), in contrast to the DPPH result. Significant correlations (p < 0.05) were observed between CHS enzyme activity and FRAP activity, TF, catechin, and kaempferol content. Extracts of 6-month-old bud exhibited a significant in vitro anticancer activity against HeLa cancer cells with IC50 value of 56.8 µg/mL. These results indicate that early harvesting of snake grass (6-month-old) may yield increased concentrations of secondary metabolites, which are potent antioxidant compounds.
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12
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Lignopurines: A new family of hybrids between cyclolignans and purines. Synthesis and biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 58:377-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Ye D, Shi Q, Leung CH, Kim SW, Park SY, Gullen EA, Jiang ZL, Zhu H, Morris-Natschke SL, Cheng YC, Lee KH. Antitumor agents 294. Novel E-ring-modified camptothecin-4β-anilino-4'-O-demethyl-epipodophyllotoxin conjugates as DNA topoisomerase I inhibitors and cytotoxic agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:4489-94. [PMID: 22698783 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Two conjugates (1 and 2) of camptothecin (CPT) and 4β-anilino-4'-O-demethylepipodophyllotoxin were previously shown to exert antitumor activity through inhibition of topoisomerase I (topo I). In this current study, two novel conjugates (1E and 2E) with an open E-ring in the CPT moiety were first synthesized and evaluated for biological activity in comparison with their intact E-ring congeners. This novel class of CPT-derivatives exhibits its antitumor effect against CPT-sensitive and -resistant cells, in part, by inhibiting topo I-linked DNA (TLD) religation. An intact E-ring was not essential for the inhibition of TLD religation, although conjugates with an open E-ring were less potent than the closed ring analogs. This lower religation potency resulted in decreased formation of protein-linked DNA breaks (PLDBs), and hence, less cell growth inhibition. In addition to their impact on topo I, conjugates 1E, 2, and 2E exhibited a minor inhibitory effect on topo II-induced DNA cleavage. The novel structures of 1E and 2E may present scaffolds for further development of dual function topo I and II inhibitors with improved pharmacological profiles and physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyong Ye
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7568, USA
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of conjugates of deoxypodophyllotoxin and 5-FU as inducer of caspase-3 and -7. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 49:48-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Zhu L, Cheng P, Lei N, Yao J, Sheng C, Zhuang C, Guo W, Liu W, Zhang Y, Dong G, Wang S, Miao Z, Zhang W. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Homocamptothecins Conjugating with Dihydropyrimidine Derivatives as Potent Topoisomerase I Inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2011; 344:726-34. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201000402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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16
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Shiri M, Zolfigol MA, Kruger HG, Tanbakouchian Z. Friedländer Annulation in the Synthesis of Azaheterocyclic Compounds. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385464-3.00002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Tang YJ, Xu XL, Zhong JJ. A novel biotransformation process of 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin to 4'-demethylepipodophyllic acid by Bacillus fusiformis CICC 20463, Part II: process optimization. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2009; 33:237-46. [PMID: 19396467 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-009-0317-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2008] [Accepted: 03/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This work optimized the novel biotransformation process of 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin (DMEP) into 4'-demethylepipodophyllic acid (DMEPA) by Bacillus fusiformis CICC 20463. Firstly, the biotransformation process was significantly affected by medium composition. 5 g/L of yeast extract and 10 g/L of peptone were optimal for DMEPA production (i.e., 2.81 + or - 0.21 mg/L), while not beneficial for the cell growth of B. fusiformis. This indicated that the biosynthesis of DMEPA was not corresponded well to the cell growth of B. fusiformis. 40 g/L of sucrose was optimal for DMEPA production (i.e., 2.94 + or - 0.17 mg/L), and 3 g/L of NaCl was the best for DMEPA production (i.e., 4.10 + or - 0.18 mg/L). Secondly, the production of DMEPA was significantly enhanced by the control of substrate concentration and culture pH. 100 mg/L of substrate was optimal for DMEPA production (i.e., 6.47 + or - 0.35 mg/L), and DMEPA concentration was enhanced to 38.78 mg/L by controlling culture pH at 9.0 in the stirred-tank bioreactors. The fundamental information obtained in this study provides a simple and efficient way to produce DMEPA by biotransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jie Tang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Bioengineering, Hubei University of Technology, 430068 Wuhan, China.
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Nakagawa-Goto K, Yamada K, Nakamura S, Chen TH, Chiang PC, Bastow KF, Wang SC, Spohn B, Hung MC, Lee FY, Lee FC, Lee KH. Antitumor agents. 258. Syntheses and evaluation of dietary antioxidant--taxoid conjugates as novel cytotoxic agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:5204-9. [PMID: 17643301 PMCID: PMC2329582 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2007] [Revised: 06/21/2007] [Accepted: 06/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Various dietary antioxidants, including vitamins, flavonoids, curcumin, and a coumarin, were conjugated with paclitaxel (1) through an ester linkage. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against several human tumor cell lines as well as the corresponding normal cell lines. Interestingly, most tested conjugates selectively inhibited the growth of 1A9 (ovarian) and KB (nasopharyngeal) tumor cells without activity against other cell lines. Particularly, conjugates 16 and 20 were highly active against 1A9 (ED(50) value of 0.005 microg/mL) as well as KB (ED(50) values of 0.005 and 0.14 microg/mL, respectively) cells. Compound 22b, the glycinate ester salt of vitamin E conjugated with 1, appears to be a promising lead for further development as a clinical trial candidate as it exhibited strong inhibitory activity against Panc-1 (pancreatic cancer) with less effect on the related E6E7 (normal) cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Nakagawa-Goto
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Tatsuzaki J, Taniguchi M, Bastow KF, Nakagawa-Goto K, Morris-Natschke SL, Itokawa H, Baba K, Lee KH. Anti-tumor agents 255: novel glycyrrhetinic acid-dehydrozingerone conjugates as cytotoxic agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:6193-9. [PMID: 17591444 PMCID: PMC2034305 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2007] [Revised: 05/31/2007] [Accepted: 06/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Esterification of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) with dehydrozingerone (DZ) resulted in a novel cytotoxic GA-DZ conjugate. Based on this exciting finding, we conjugated eleven different DZ analogs with GA or other triterpenoids, including oleanoic acid (OA) or ursolic acid (UA). In an in vitro anti-cancer assay using nine different human tumor cell lines, most of the GA-DZ conjugates showed significant potency. Particularly, compounds 5, 29, and 30 showed significant cytotoxic effects against LN-Cap, 1A9, and KB cells with ED(50) values of 0.6, 0.8, and 0.9 microM, respectively. Similar conjugates between DZ and OA or UA were inactive suggesting that the GA component is critical for activity. Notably, although GA-DZ conjugates showed potent cytotoxic activity, the individual components (GA and DZ analogs) were inactive. Thus, GA-DZ conjugates are new chemical entities and represent interesting hits for anti-cancer drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Tatsuzaki
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7360, USA
| | - Masahiko Taniguchi
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7360, USA
| | - Kenneth F. Bastow
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7360, USA
| | - Kyoko Nakagawa-Goto
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7360, USA
| | - Susan L. Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7360, USA
| | - Hideji Itokawa
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7360, USA
| | - Kimiye Baba
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7360, USA
- *Corresponding author: Tel.: 919-962-0066; fax: 919-966-3893;
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Zhang Y, Zhuo RX. Synthesis and in vitro drug release behavior of amphiphilic triblock copolymer nanoparticles based on poly (ethylene glycol) and polycaprolactone. Biomaterials 2005; 26:6736-42. [PMID: 15935469 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2004] [Accepted: 03/31/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Novel BAB type amphiphilic triblock copolymers consisting of poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) (B) as hydrophilic segment and poly (epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) (A) as hydrophobic block were prepared by coupling reaction using L-lysine methyl ester diisocyanate (LDI) as the chain extender. The triblock copolymers obtained were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, GPC, and DSC. Core-shell type nanoparticles were prepared by nanoprecipitation method and below 100 nm nanoparticles were obtained due to their specific structure. Transmission electron microscopy image demonstrated that these nanoparticles were spherical in shape. Stability of the nanoparticles in biological media was evaluated. Poorly water-soluble anticancer drug 4'-demethyl-epipodophyllotoxin (DMEP) was chosen for controlled drug release because it was easily encapsulated into polymeric nanoparticles via hydrophobic interaction. In vitro release behavior of DMEP from polymeric nanoparticles was investigated, the results showed that the drug release rate can be modulated by the variation of the copolymer composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
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Thomas CJ, Rahier NJ, Hecht SM. Camptothecin: current perspectives. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:1585-604. [PMID: 15028252 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2003.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2003] [Accepted: 11/28/2003] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a detailed discussion of recent advances in the medicinal chemistry of camptothecin, a potent antitumor antibiotic. Two camptothecin analogues are presently approved for use in the clinic as antitumor agents and several others are in clinical trials. Camptothecin possesses a novel mechanism of action involving the inhibition of DNA relaxation by DNA topoisomerase I, and more specifically the stabilization of a covalent binary complex formed between topoisomerase I and DNA. This review summarizes the current status of studies of the mechanism of action of camptothecin, including topoisomerase I inhibition and additional cellular responses. Modern synthetic approaches to camptothecin and several of the semi-synthetic methods are also discussed. Finally, a systematic evaluation of novel and important analogues of camptothecin and their contribution to the current structure-activity profile are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig J Thomas
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901, USA
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