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Yusof MR, Mohd Sharin MF, Aizat Sabri I, Jagwani AV, Lee FY, Ahmad Zaidi AI, Saiful Azli MZ, Rk Rishitra RR, Fahmey O, Lee CK, Khairul-Asri MG. [Iatrogenic hypospadias a preventable rare complication with two-stage repair with buccal mucosa graft: a case presen- tation]. Urologiia 2023:115-117. [PMID: 37401715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Urethral catheterization is a common procedure, but it is associated with a number of complications. Iatrogenic hypospadias can rarely occur. There is a limited literature dedicated to this condition. We report a young patient with COVID-19 with iatrogenic hypospadias of grade 3. He was undergone to a two-stage procedure with acceptable outcome. Surgical repair should be offered and performed for young patients to ensure good function with acceptable penile appearance. A surgical treatment will improve psychological, sexual and social outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Yusof
- Department of Urology, Hospital Serdang, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Hospital Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah UPM, Malaysia
- Plastic and Reconstructive Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah UPM, Malaysia
| | - M F Mohd Sharin
- Department of Urology, Hospital Serdang, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Hospital Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah UPM, Malaysia
- Plastic and Reconstructive Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah UPM, Malaysia
| | - I Aizat Sabri
- Department of Urology, Hospital Serdang, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Hospital Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah UPM, Malaysia
- Plastic and Reconstructive Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah UPM, Malaysia
| | - A V Jagwani
- Department of Urology, Hospital Serdang, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Hospital Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah UPM, Malaysia
- Plastic and Reconstructive Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah UPM, Malaysia
| | - F Y Lee
- Department of Urology, Hospital Serdang, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Hospital Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah UPM, Malaysia
- Plastic and Reconstructive Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah UPM, Malaysia
| | - A I Ahmad Zaidi
- Department of Urology, Hospital Serdang, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Hospital Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah UPM, Malaysia
- Plastic and Reconstructive Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah UPM, Malaysia
| | - M Z Saiful Azli
- Department of Urology, Hospital Serdang, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Hospital Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah UPM, Malaysia
- Plastic and Reconstructive Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah UPM, Malaysia
| | - Rk Rishitra Rk Rishitra
- Department of Urology, Hospital Serdang, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Hospital Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah UPM, Malaysia
- Plastic and Reconstructive Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah UPM, Malaysia
| | - O Fahmey
- Department of Urology, Hospital Serdang, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Hospital Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah UPM, Malaysia
- Plastic and Reconstructive Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah UPM, Malaysia
| | - C K Lee
- Department of Urology, Hospital Serdang, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Hospital Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah UPM, Malaysia
- Plastic and Reconstructive Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah UPM, Malaysia
| | - M G Khairul-Asri
- Department of Urology, Hospital Serdang, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Hospital Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah UPM, Malaysia
- Plastic and Reconstructive Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah UPM, Malaysia
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Shiah HS, Lee CJ, Lee FY, Tseng SH, Chen SH, Wang CC. Chemopreventive effects of Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang on paclitaxel-induced leucopenia and neuropathy in animals. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1106030. [PMID: 36969850 PMCID: PMC10032344 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1106030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel frequently induces peripheral neuropathy and myelosuppression during cancer treatment. According to the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan, traditional Chinese medicine doctors widely use Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang (XSLJZT) to treat breast cancer patients who have received paclitaxel. We explored the combined therapeutic effects of XSLZJT with paclitaxel. XSLJZT did not exhibit significant cytotoxic effects on P388-D1 cells; however, the combination of XSLJZT (100 and 500 mg/kg) with paclitaxel prolonged the survival rate in P388–D1 tumor-bearing mice compared to paclitaxel-only. In addition, XSLJZT was found to enhance white blood cells (WBC) counts and promote leukocyte rebound in paclitaxel-induced leukopenia in mice. XSLJZT also reduced paclitaxel-induced mechanical pain and inhibited c-Fos protein expression in the L4-6 spinal cords of Wistar rats. Moreover, paclitaxel-induced shortening of the nerve fibers of dorsal root ganglion cells was ameliorated by pre-treatment with XSLJZT. Therefore, we suggest that XSLJZT could be used as an adjunct for cancer patients, as the formula could decrease paclitaxel-induced neuropathy and myelosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Her-Shyong Shiah
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Lee
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Lee
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Hui Tseng
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Han Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chiung Wang
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Ching-Chiung Wang,
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Liu WT, Huang HT, Hung HY, Lin SY, Hsu WH, Lee FY, Kuan YC, Lin YT, Hsu CR, Stettler M, Yang CM, Wang J, Duh PJ, Lee KY, Wu D, Lee HC, Kang JH, Lee SS, Wong HJ, Tsai CY, Majumdar A. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Reduces Plasma Neurochemical Levels in Patients with OSA: A Pilot Study. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030613. [PMID: 36983769 PMCID: PMC10059911 DOI: 10.3390/life13030613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. This study determined whether continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), which can alleviate OSA symptoms, can reduce neurochemical biomarker levels. Thirty patients with OSA and normal cognitive function were recruited and divided into the control (n = 10) and CPAP (n = 20) groups. Next, we examined their in-lab sleep data (polysomnography and CPAP titration), sleep-related questionnaire outcomes, and neurochemical biomarker levels at baseline and the 3-month follow-up. The paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to examine changes. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed to increase the robustness of outcomes. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores were significantly decreased in the CPAP group. The mean levels of total tau (T−Tau), amyloid-beta-42 (Aβ42), and the product of the two (Aβ42 × T−Tau) increased considerably in the control group (ΔT−Tau: 2.31 pg/mL; ΔAβ42: 0.58 pg/mL; ΔAβ42 × T−Tau: 48.73 pg2/mL2), whereas the mean levels of T−Tau and the product of T−Tau and Aβ42 decreased considerably in the CPAP group (ΔT−Tau: −2.22 pg/mL; ΔAβ42 × T−Tau: −44.35 pg2/mL2). The results of ANCOVA with adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, baseline measurements, and apnea–hypopnea index demonstrated significant differences in neurochemical biomarker levels between the CPAP and control groups. The findings indicate that CPAP may reduce neurochemical biomarker levels by alleviating OSA symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Te Liu
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Sleep Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan
- Research Center of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Tyng Huang
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Hsin-Yi Hung
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Shang-Yang Lin
- Sleep Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hua Hsu
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Lee
- Sleep Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Kuan
- Sleep Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Dementia Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Tzu Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Rung Hsu
- Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan
| | - Marc Stettler
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Chien-Ming Yang
- Department of Psychology, National Chengchi University, Taipei 11605, Taiwan
| | - Jieni Wang
- Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Ping-Jung Duh
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Psychology and Language Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Kang-Yun Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan
| | - Dean Wu
- Sleep Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Dementia Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chien Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Horng Kang
- Research Center of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Medical University Hospital, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Szu Lee
- Sleep Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Jui Wong
- Sleep Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Tsai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Arnab Majumdar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.T.); (A.M.)
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Jagwani AV, Mugialan P, Lee CKS, Fairuz M, Lee FY, Yusof MR, Mohd Ghani KA. Scrotal centesis: a broader role beyond the confines of the scrotum. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2022; 104:e164-e167. [PMID: 34846183 PMCID: PMC9158074 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2021.0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An elderly man was treated for severe acute scrotum pain with centesis. We report the diagnosis, underlying causes and management, and discuss the procedure. Centesis is performed rarely, but could be undertaken more often given the added benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- AV Jagwani
- University Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - P Mugialan
- University Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - CKS Lee
- University Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M Fairuz
- University Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - FY Lee
- University Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - MR Yusof
- University Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Kapelemera AM, Uang YS, Wang LH, Wu TY, Lee FY, Tai L, Wang CC, Lee CJ. Pharmacokinetic Herb-Drug Interactions of Xiang-Sha-Liu-Jun-Zi-Tang and Paclitaxel in Male Sprague Dawley Rats and Its Influence on Enzyme Kinetics in Human Liver Microsomes. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:858007. [PMID: 35450043 PMCID: PMC9016196 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.858007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel is a prescribed anticancer drug used to treat various cancers. It is a substrate of cytochrome P-450 (CYP-450) enzymes. Despite its efficacy, paclitaxel has severe side effects. Herbal medicines are commonly used to treat the side effects of chemotherapy. They can be administered before, during, and after chemotherapy. Xiang-Sha-Liu-Jun-Zi Tang (XSLJZT) is a herbal formula commonly used in breast cancer patients. The main purpose of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetic (PK) influence of XSLJZT on paclitaxel PK parameters, determine its effect on CYP-450 enzyme expression, and evaluate its effect on enzyme activity. Sprague Dawley rats were classified into pretreatment and co-treatment groups, where XSLJZT was pre-administered for 3, 5, and 7 days and co-administered 2 h before paclitaxel administration. The rat liver tissues and Hep-G2 cells were used to determine the effects of XSLJZT on CYP3A1/2 and CYP3A4 enzymes respectively. Western blot analysis was used to detect changes in the CYP3A1/2 and CYP3A4 enzymes expression. The influence of XSLJZT on enzyme activity was evaluated using human liver microsomes, and a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric system was developed to monitor paclitaxel levels in rat plasma. Results demonstrated that XSLJZT increased the area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC) for paclitaxel in pretreatment groups by 2-, 3-, and 4-fold after 3, 5, and 7 days, respectively. In contrast, no significant change in the AUC was observed in the co-treatment group. However, the half-life was prolonged in all groups from 17.11 min to a maximum of 37.56 min. XSLJZT inhibited CYP3A1/2 expression in the rat liver tissues and CYP3A4 enzymes in Hep-G2 cells in a time-dependent manner, with the highest inhibition observed after 7 days of pretreatment in rat liver tissues. In the enzyme kinetics study, XSLJZT inhibited enzyme activity in a competitive dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, there is a potential interaction between XSLJZT and paclitaxel at different co-treatment and pretreatment time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alinafe Magret Kapelemera
- PhD Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yow-Shieng Uang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Rosetta Pharmamate Co., Ltd, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Yuan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Lee
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li Tai
- Rosetta Pharmamate Co., Ltd, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chiung Wang
- PhD Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Lee
- PhD Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Yusof MR, Fairuz MS, Lee FY, Arvind VJ, Fahmy O, Lee CK, Saiful Azli MZ, Arunasalam AP, Khairul-Asri MG. [The tale of two stones in an obstructed partial duplex kidney: case presentation]. Urologiia 2022:78-80. [PMID: 35274865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Duplex renal systems is a common anomalies. Incidence rate of 0.8% in healthy adult population and 2-4% in patients investigated for urinary tract symptoms. Urolithiasis management for patients with anomalies is complex and require proper imaging and planning. We have a patient with a partial duplex collecting system presented with a right renal calculus in a non-functioning lower moiety and multiple distal ureteric calculi. Preoperative planning done and surgery performed with good outcome without any early and late complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Yusof
- Department of Urology, Hospital Pengajar Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Hospital Serdang
- Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M S Fairuz
- Department of Urology, Hospital Pengajar Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Hospital Serdang
- Selangor, Malaysia
| | - F Y Lee
- Department of Urology, Hospital Pengajar Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Hospital Serdang
- Selangor, Malaysia
| | - V J Arvind
- Department of Urology, Hospital Pengajar Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Hospital Serdang
- Selangor, Malaysia
| | - O Fahmy
- Department of Urology, Hospital Pengajar Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Hospital Serdang
- Selangor, Malaysia
| | - C K Lee
- Department of Urology, Hospital Pengajar Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Hospital Serdang
- Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M Z Saiful Azli
- Department of Urology, Hospital Pengajar Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Hospital Serdang
- Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A P Arunasalam
- Department of Urology, Hospital Pengajar Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Hospital Serdang
- Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M G Khairul-Asri
- Department of Urology, Hospital Pengajar Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Hospital Serdang
- Selangor, Malaysia
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Li YC, Lee FY, Chua S, Yip HK. P5746Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy effectively reduced brain infarct volume and preserved neurological function in rat after acute intracranial hemorrhage. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.0686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) causes 10%-20% of all strokes and results in higher morbidity compared to other subtypes of cerebral stroke. Although early surgical intervention can clear the expanding hematoma, clinical outcomes following ICH have not significantly improved over the decades. Since ICH elicits neuroinflammation to exacerbate brain edema, damage the blood-brain barrier (BBB), lead to secondary neuronal injury, anti-inflammation may be a critical therapeutic strategy. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy processes anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and tissue regenerative properties, suggesting that MSC therapy could be an effective therapy for ICH. Therefore, this study tested the hypothesis that human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cell (iPSC-MSC) therapy could effectively reduce brain-infract volume (BIV) and improve neurological function in rat after acute ICH induced by a weight-drop device. Adult-male SD rats (n=40) were equally divided into group 1 (sham-operated control), group 2 (ICH), group 3 (ICH + hyaluronic acid (HA)/intracranial injection/3h after ICH), group 4 [ICH + HA + iPSC-MSC (1.2x106 cells/intracranial injection/3h after ICH)] and euthanized by day 28 after ICH procedure. In vitro study showed that hemorrhagic-brain tissue augmented protein expressions of inflammation (HMGB1/MyD88/TLR-4/TLR-2/NF-κB/TNF-α/iNOS/IL-1β) in cultured neurons that were significantly inhibited by iPSC-MSC treatment (all p<0.001). By days 7/14 after ICH procedure, circulating inflammatory levels of TNF-α/IL-6/MPO expressed were lowest in group 1, highest in group 2 and significantly lower in group 4 than in group 3 (all p<0.0001). By day 14 after ICH procedure, neurological function and BIV expressed an opposite pattern, whereas protein expressions of inflammation (HMGB1/MyD88/TLR-4/TLR-2/NF-κB/I-kB/TNF-α/iNOS/IL-1β/MMP-9), oxidative stress (NOX-1/NOX-2/oxidized protein) and apoptosis (mitochondrial-Bax/cleaved-caspase-2/PARP) in brain exhibited an identical pattern to circulating inflammation among the four groups (all p<0.001). Microscopy demonstrated that the number of vascular remodeling/GFAP+/53BP1+/γ-H2AX+ cells displayed an identical pattern of inflammation, whereas the NeuN+ cells displayed an opposite pattern of inflammation among the four groups (all p<0.001). In conclusion, iPSC-MSC therapy markedly reduced BIV and preserved neurological function mainly by inhibiting inflammatory/oxidative-stress generation.
Acknowledgement/Funding
Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan Society of Stem Cell Research
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Li
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Kaohsiung, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - F Y Lee
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Kaohsiung, Division of thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - S Chua
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Kaohsiung, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - H K Yip
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Kaohsiung, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Li YC, Lee FY, Chua S, Yip HK. P4712Hyperbaric oxygen therapy enhanced circulating levels of endothelial progenitor cells and angiogenesis biomarkers, blood flow in ischemic area in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Arterial atherosclerotic occlusive syndrome remains the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) is a manifestation of atherosclerosis in the lower extremities. In our previous preclinical study, hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy improved ischemic PAOD mainly through an increase of vascular wall permeability and recruiting endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) to enhance the angiogenesis and blood flow in the ischemic area.
Purpose
This study tested the hypothesis that hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy enhanced the circulating levels of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), soluble angiogenesis factors and blood flow in ischemic area in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD).
Methods
57 consecutive patients with PAOD undergoing the HBO therapy (3 atm for 2h/each time) were prospectively enrolled into the present study. The venous blood sampling was drawn for assessing the circulating levels of EPCs and soluble angiogenesis factors prior to and during five times of HBO therapy. Additionally, skin perfusion pressure (SPP), an indicator of blood flow at ischemic area, was measured by moorVMS-PRES.
Results
The results demonstrated that the circulating levels of EPCs (CD34+/CD133+/CD45dim, CD31+/CD133+/CD45dim, CD34+) and soluble angiogenesis factors (VEGF/SDF-1α/HGF/FGF) were significantly increased in post-HBO therapy than in pre-HBO therapy (all p<0.01). Additionally, Matrigel assay exhibited that the angiogenesis was significantly increased in post-HBO therapy than prior to the therapy (p<0.001). Furthermore, the SPP was significantly increased in ischemic area (i.e., plantar foot and mean SPP of the ischemic foot) in post-HBO therapy than in pre-HBO therapy (all p<0.01). Importantly, the HBO therapy did not show any complication and all the patients were uneventfully discharged without amputation.
Conclusions
HBO therapy augmented circulating levels of EPCs and angiogenesis factors as well as improved the blood flow in the ischemic area.
Acknowledgement/Funding
Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan Society of Stem Cell Research
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Li
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Kaohsiung, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - F Y Lee
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Kaohsiung, Division of thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - S Chua
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Kaohsiung, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - H K Yip
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Kaohsiung, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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9
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Wu CC, Hwang TL, Liao CH, Kuo SC, Lee FY, Lee CY, Teng CM. Selective Inhibition of Protease-activated Receptor 4-dependent Platelet Activation by YD-3. Thromb Haemost 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1613128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
SummaryIn the present study, the antiplatelet effect and its mechanism of a new synthetic compound YD-3 [1-benzyl-3-(ethoxycarbonylphenyl)-indazole] were examined. YD-3 inhibited the aggregation of washed human platelets caused by protease-activated receptor (PAR) 4 agonist peptide GYPGKF (IC50 = 0.13 ± 0.02 µM), but had no or little effect on that by thrombin, PAR1 agonist peptide SFLLRN, collagen or U46619. YD-3 produced a parallel, rightward shift of the concentration-response curve for GYPGKF without decreasing of the maximum platelet aggregation, indicating a competitive antagonism. In contrast to human platelets, both thrombin- and GYPGKF-induced mouse platelet shape change and aggregation were completely inhibited by YD-3. YD-3 also selectively prevented GYPGKF-induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization in human platelets. Furthermore, in the PAR1-desensitized human platelets, thrombin induced a relatively slow rise and decay of calcium mobilization that was significantly inhibited by YD-3. In addition, the synergistic effect of SFLLRN and GYPGKF on platelet activation was prevented by YD-3. YD-3 also inhibits both fMLP-stimulated neutrophil- and purified cathepsin G-induced platelet aggregation, which has been demonstrated to be PAR4-dependent. Taken together, our results suggest that YD-3 selectively inhibits PAR4-dependent platelet activation through blockade of PAR4. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first non-peptide PAR4 antagonist.
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10
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Peng CY, Pan SL, Guh JH, Liu YN, Chang YL, Kuo SC, Lee FY, Teng CM. The indazole derivative YD-3 inhibits thrombin-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and attenuates intimal thickening after balloon injury. Thromb Haemost 2017; 92:1232-9. [PMID: 15583728 DOI: 10.1160/th04-04-0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryProliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is postulated to be one of the key events in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and restenosis. We investigated whether YD-3, a lowmolecular weight, non-peptide compound, could modulate proliferation of VSMCs in vitro and restenosis after balloon angioplasty in vivo. We examined the effect of YD-3 on thrombininduced VSMC proliferation by [3H]thymidine incorporation assay. The data demonstrated that YD-3 inhibited VSMC proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. To define the mechanisms of YD-3 action, we found that YD-3 showed a profound inhibition on thrombin-induced Ras and ERK1/2 activities by using Western blotting analysis. Furthermore, oral administration of YD-3 exhibited a marked reduction in neointimal thickness using the carotid injury model in rats. Using immunochemical detection, our experiments also revealed that YD-3 significantly suppressed expression of the PAR-1 receptor, and markedly inhibited PAR-1-activating peptide (SFLLRN)-induced VSMC proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that YD-3 inhibits thrombin-induced VSMC growth via the Rasand ERK1/2-mediated signaling pathway. Moreover, YD-3 also shows a developmental potential in the treatment of atherosclerosis and restenosis after vascular injury.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Arteriosclerosis/pathology
- Blotting, Western
- Catheterization/adverse effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Coronary Restenosis/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Flavonoids/pharmacology
- Immunohistochemistry
- Indazoles/pharmacology
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism
- Models, Chemical
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Peptides/chemistry
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, PAR-1/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Thrombin/metabolism
- Thymidine/metabolism
- ras Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Yu Peng
- Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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11
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van Liempd SM, Cabrera D, Lee FY, González E, Dell'Angelica EC, Ghiani CA, Falcon-Perez JM. BLOC-1 deficiency causes alterations in amino acid profile and in phospholipid and adenosine metabolism in the postnatal mouse hippocampus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5231. [PMID: 28701731 PMCID: PMC5507893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05465-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-1 (BLOC-1) is a protein complex involved in the formation of endosomal tubular structures that mediates the sorting of protein cargoes to specialised compartments. In this study, we present insights into the metabolic consequences caused by BLOC-1 deficiency in pallid mice, which carry a null mutation in the Bloc1s6 gene encoding an essential component of this complex. The metabolome of the hippocampus of pallid mice was analysed using an untargeted, liquid chromatography-coupled mass spectrometric approach. After data pre-treatment, statistical analysis and pathway enrichment, we have identified 28 metabolites that showed statistically significant changes between pallid and wild-type control. These metabolites included amino acids, nucleobase-containing compounds and lysophospholipids. Interestingly, pallid mice displayed increased hippocampal levels of the neurotransmitters glutamate and N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamic acid (NAAG) and their precursor glutamine. Expression of the sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 (SNAT1), which transports glutamine into neurons, was also upregulated. Conversely, levels of the neurotransmitter precursors phenylalanine and tryptophan were decreased. Interestingly, many of these changes could be mapped to overlapping metabolic pathways. The observed metabolic alterations are likely to affect neurotransmission and neuronal homeostasis and in turn could mediate the memory and behavioural impairments observed in BLOC-1-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M van Liempd
- Metabolomics Platform. CIC bioGUNE, CIBER, Derio, 48260, Spain.
| | - D Cabrera
- Metabolomics Platform. CIC bioGUNE, CIBER, Derio, 48260, Spain
| | - F Y Lee
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - E González
- Metabolomics Platform. CIC bioGUNE, CIBER, Derio, 48260, Spain
| | - E C Dell'Angelica
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - C A Ghiani
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - J M Falcon-Perez
- Metabolomics Platform. CIC bioGUNE, CIBER, Derio, 48260, Spain. .,IKERBASQUE Research Foundation, Bilbao, Spain.
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12
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Lee MR, Lin C, Lu CC, Kuo SC, Tsao JW, Juan YN, Chiu HY, Lee FY, Yang JS, Tsai FJ. YC-1 induces G 0/G 1 phase arrest and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in cisplatin-resistant human oral cancer CAR cells. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2017; 7:12. [PMID: 28612710 PMCID: PMC5479426 DOI: 10.1051/bmdcn/2017070205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is a serious and fatal disease. Cisplatin is the first line of chemotherapeutic agent for oral cancer therapy. However, the development of drug resistance and severe side effects cause tremendous problems clinically. In this study, we investigated the pharmacologic mechanisms of YC-1 on cisplatin-resistant human oral cancer cell line, CAR. Our results indicated that YC-1 induced a concentration-dependent and time-dependent decrease in viability of CAR cells analyzed by MTT assay. Real-time image analysis of CAR cells by IncuCyte™ Kinetic Live Cell Imaging System demonstrated that YC-1 inhibited cell proliferation and reduced cell confluence in a time-dependent manner. Results from flow cytometric analysis revealed that YC-1 promoted G0/G1 phase arrest and provoked apoptosis in CAR cells. The effects of cell cycle arrest by YC-1 were further supported by up-regulation of p21 and down-regulation of cyclin A, D, E and CDK2 protein levels. TUNEL staining showed that YC-1 caused DNA fragmentation, a late stage feature of apoptosis. In addition, YC-1 increased the activities of caspase-9 and caspase-3, disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential (AYm) and stimulated ROS production in CAR cells. The protein levels of cytochrome c, Bax and Bak were elevated while Bcl-2 protein expression was attenuated in YC-1-treated CAR cells. In summary, YC-1 suppressed the viability of cisplatin-resistant CAR cells through inhibiting cell proliferation, arresting cell cycle at G0/G1 phase and triggering mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Our results provide evidences to support the potentially therapeutic application of YC-1 on fighting against drug resistant oral cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miau-Rong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chingju Lin
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Lu
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan - Department of Pharmacy, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chu Kuo
- Chinese Medicinal Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan - School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Je-Wei Tsao
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ning Juan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Yi Chiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Lee
- Yung-Shin Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., Tachia, Taichung 437, Taiwan
| | - Jai-Sing Yang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan - School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan - Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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13
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Lee FY, Limi L, Gee T. Gastrointestinal bleeding caused by epitheloid sarcoma: A case report. Med J Malaysia 2016; 71:215-216. [PMID: 27770126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Epithelioid sarcoma (ES) of the small bowel is a rare gastrointestinal tumour. We report a case of gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to small bowel ES in a 55-year-old gentleman. After gastroscopy and colonoscopy failed to identify the source of bleeding, we proceeded with computed tomography angiogram of the mesentery, which revealed intraluminal blood clot in the distal jejunum with features of obstruction. This is a rare cause of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding and emphasises the need for additional evaluation in the presence of negative endoscopic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Y Lee
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Department of General Surgery, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - L Limi
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Department of General Surgery, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - T Gee
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Department of General Surgery, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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14
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Chang LC, Lin HY, Tsai MT, Chou RH, Lee FY, Teng CM, Hsieh MT, Hung HY, Huang LJ, Yu YL, Kuo SC. YC-1 inhibits proliferation of breast cancer cells by down-regulating EZH2 expression via activation of c-Cbl and ERK. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:4010-25. [PMID: 24697523 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE YC-1 exhibits potent anticancer activity via numerous actions in many cancer cell lines. Hence, we investigated the in vivo antitumour efficacy of YC-1 in an MDA-MB-468 xenograft model and elucidated the mechanism of down-regulation of enhancer of zeste homology 2 (EZH2) by YC-1 in breast cancer cells. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In YC-1-treated breast cancer cells and tumour specimens from YC-1-treated MDA-MB-468 xenografts, EZH2 expression was analysed by Western blotting. Pharmacological inhibitors and short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown were applied to identify possible signalling pathways involved in EZH2 down-regulation by YC-1. KEY RESULTS YC-1 reduced the viability of breast cancer cells and tumour growth in MDA-MB-468 xenografts. In breast cancer cells, YC-1 down-regulated EZH2 expression in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Depletion of EZH2 reduced the proliferation and susceptibility of breast cancer cells to YC-1-induced apoptosis. EZH2 expression was suppressed in tumour specimens from YC-1-treated MDA-MB-468 xenograft mice. YC-1 enhanced both the degradation rate and ubiquitination of EZH2. The down-regulation of EZH2 by YC-1 was associated with activation of PKA and Src-Raf-ERK-mediated signalling pathways. Furthermore, depletion of Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (c-Cbl), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, abolished YC-1-induced apoptosis and suppression of EZH2. YC-1 rapidly activated c-Cbl to induce signalling associated with ERK and EZH2. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS We discovered that YC-1 induces apoptosis and inhibits tumour growth of breast cancer cells via down-regulation of EZH2 by activating c-Cbl and ERK. These data suggest that YC-1 is a potential anticancer drug candidate for triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Chu Chang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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15
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Cho YT, Lee FY, Chu CY, Wang LF. First-line combination therapy with rituximab and corticosteroids is effective and safe for pemphigus. Acta Derm Venereol 2014; 94:472-3. [PMID: 24217821 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-1746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Tsu Cho
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 15 F, No.7, Chung-Shan S. Rd., Taipei 10002, Taiwan
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16
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Kosik RO, Tran DT, Fan APC, Mandell GA, Tarng DC, Hsu HS, Chen YS, Su TP, Wang SJ, Chiu AW, Lee CH, Hou MC, Lee FY, Chen WS, Chen Q. Physician Scientist Training in the United States: A Survey of the Current Literature. Eval Health Prof 2014; 39:3-20. [PMID: 24686746 DOI: 10.1177/0163278714527290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The declining number of physician scientists is an alarming issue. A systematic review of all existing programs described in the literature was performed, so as to highlight which programs may serve as the best models for the training of successful physician scientists. Multiple databases were searched, and 1,294 articles related to physician scientist training were identified. Preference was given to studies that looked at number of confirmed publications and/or research grants as primary outcomes. Thirteen programs were identified in nine studies. Eighty-three percent of Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP) graduates, 77% of Clinician Investigator Training Program (CI) graduates, and only 16% of Medical Fellows Program graduates entered a career in academics. Seventy-eight percent of MSTP graduates succeeded in obtaining National Institute of Health (NIH) grants, while only 15% of Mayo Clinic National Research Service Award-T32 graduates obtained NIH grants. MSTP physician scientists who graduated in 1990 had 13.5 ± 12.5 publications, while MSTP physician scientists who graduated in 1975 had 51.2 ± 38.3 publications. Additionally, graduates from the Mayo Clinic's MD-PhD Program, the CI Program, and the NSRA Program had 18.2 ± 20.1, 26.5 ± 24.5, and 17.9 ± 26.3 publications, respectively. MSTP is a successful model for the training of physician scientists in the United States, but training at the postgraduate level also shows promising outcomes. An increase in the number of positions available for training at the postgraduate level should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- R O Kosik
- Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - D T Tran
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Children's Hospital 2, HoChiMinh City, Vietnam
| | | | - G A Mandell
- Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - D C Tarng
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H S Hsu
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y S Chen
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - T P Su
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S J Wang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - A W Chiu
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C H Lee
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M C Hou
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - F Y Lee
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - W S Chen
- Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Q Chen
- School of Medicine, Nanjin Medical University, Nanjin, China
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17
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Lee JC, Chou LC, Lien JC, Wu JC, Huang CH, Chung CH, Lee FY, Huang LJ, Kuo SC, Way TD. CLC604 preferentially inhibits the growth of HER2-overexpressing cancer cells and sensitizes these cells to the inhibitory effect of Taxol in vitro and in vivo. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:1762-72. [PMID: 23900492 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
HER2 has become a solicitous therapeutic target in metastatic and clinical drug-resistant cancer. Here, we evaluated whether or not 1-benzyl-3-(5-hydroxymethyl-2-furyl)indazole (YC-1) and its furopyrazole and thienopyrazole analogues repress the expression of the HER2 protein. Among the test compounds, (1-benzyl-3-(p-hydroxymethylphenyl)-5-methylfuro[3,2-c]pyrazol) (CLC604), an isosteric analogue of YC-1, significantly suppressed the expression of HER2, and preferentially inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in HER2-overexpressing cancer cells. Our results revealed that CLC604 reduced HER2 expression through a post-transcriptional mechanism and involvement of proteasomal activity. CLC604 disrupted the association of 90-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp90) with HER2 resulting from the inhibition of Hsp90 ATPase activity. Moreover, we found that CLC604 significantly enhanced the antitumor efficacy of clinical drugs against HER2-overexpressing tumors and efficiently reduced HER2-induced drug resistance in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggest that CLC604 should be developed further as a novel antitumor drug candidate for the treatment of drug-resistant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Chang Lee
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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18
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Amorosa LF, Lee CH, Aydemir AB, Nizami S, Hsu A, Patel NR, Gardner TR, Navalgund A, Kim DG, Park SH, Mao JJ, Lee FY. Physiologic load-bearing characteristics of autografts, allografts, and polymer-based scaffolds in a critical sized segmental defect of long bone: an experimental study. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:1637-43. [PMID: 23637532 PMCID: PMC3639117 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s42855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To address the challenge of treating critical sized intercalary defects, we hypothesized that under physiologic cyclic loading, autografts, allografts, and scaffolds loaded with and without human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) would have different biomechanical characteristics. Methods Using a rat femoral defect model, 46 rats were assigned to four groups, ie, autograft (n = 12), allograft (n = 10), scaffold (n = 13), and scaffold with hMSCs (n = 11). The scaffold groups used a 5 mm segment of scaffold composed of 80% poly-ε-caprolactone and 20% hydroxyapatite. Rats were sacrificed 4 months postoperatively, and the repairs were assessed radiographically and biomechanically. Results Autograft and allograft groups exhibited the most bridging callus, while the scaffold/hMSCs group had more callus than the scaffold repairs. Although signs of radiographic healing did not accurately reflect restoration of mechanical properties, addition of hMSCs on the scaffold enhanced bone formation. The scaffold alone group had significantly lower elastic and viscous stiffness and higher phase angles than other repairs and the contralateral controls. Addition of hMSCs increased the elastic and viscous stiffness of the repair, while decreasing the phase angle. Conclusion Further comparative analysis is needed to optimize clinical use of scaffolds and hMSCs for critical sized defect repairs. However, our results suggest that addition of hMSCs to scaffolds enhances mechanical simulation of native host bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Amorosa
- Center for Orthopaedic Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Mustjoki S, Auvinen K, Kreutzman A, Rousselot P, Hernesniemi S, Melo T, Lahesmaa-Korpinen AM, Hautaniemi S, Bouchet S, Molimard M, Smykla R, Lee FY, Vakkila J, Jalkanen S, Salmi M, Porkka K. Rapid mobilization of cytotoxic lymphocytes induced by dasatinib therapy. Leukemia 2012. [PMID: 23192016 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have potent effects on malignant cells, and they also target kinases in normal cells, which may have therapeutic implications. Using a collection of 55 leukemia patients treated with TKI therapy (chronic myeloid leukemia, n=47; acute lymphoblastic leukemia, n=8), we found that dasatinib, a second-generation broad-spectrum TKI, induced a rapid, dose-dependent and substantial mobilization of non-leukemic lymphocytes and monocytes in blood peaking 1-2 h after an oral intake and the blood counts closely mirrored drug plasma concentration. A preferential mobilization was observed for natural killer (NK), NK T, B and γδ+ T cells. Mobilization was coupled with a more effective transmigration of leukocytes through an endothelial cell layer and improved cytotoxicity of NK cells. Platelet numbers decreased markedly after the drug intake in a proportion of patients. Similar effects on blood cell dynamics and function were not observed with any other TKI (imatinib, nilotinib and bosutinib). Thus, dasatinib induces a unique, rapid mobilization and activation of cytotoxic, extravasation-competent lymphocytes, which may not only enhance antileukemia immune responses but can also be causally related to the side-effect profile of the drug (pleural effusions, thrombocytopenia).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mustjoki
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital (HUCH), Helsinki, Finland
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20
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Lee FY, Chiu HY, Chiu HC. Treatment of acquired reactive perforating collagenosis with allopurinol incidentally improves scleredema diabeticorum. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011; 65:e115-e117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Fan AP, Lee FY, Hou MC, Chen CH, Lee CH, Kosik RO, Tang W, Chen Q. Teaching faculty to teach: a new approach to global awareness. Med Teach 2011; 33:425-426. [PMID: 21671506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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22
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Fan AP, Kosik RO, Su TP, Lee FY, Hou MC, Chen YA, Chen CH, Lee CH. Factors associated with suicidal ideation in Taiwanese medical students. Med Teach 2011; 33:256-257. [PMID: 21452403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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23
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Yang YY, Lin HC, Lee WP, Chu CJ, Lin MW, Lee FY, Hou MC, Jap JS, Lee SD. Association of the G-protein and α2-adrenergic receptor gene and plasma norepinephrine level with clonidine improvement of the effects of diuretics in patients with cirrhosis with refractory ascites: a randomised clinical trial. Gut 2010; 59:1545-53. [PMID: 20833658 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2010.210732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clonidine is an α(2)-adrenoceptor agonist which, by coupling with G-protein, has been proposed as an alternative treatment for refractory ascites of patients with cirrhosis for several years. Genetic polymorphisms of β-adrenoceptor and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers have been reported to affect drug response in patients with cirrhosis. This study evaluated the clonidine-diuretic response rate, favourable predictors and genetic components of the clonidine-diuretic response in patients with cirrhosis with refractory ascites. METHODS 270 patients with cirrhosis with refractory ascites were randomised equally into two treatment groups to receive diuretics alone or the clonidine-diuretics association. The primary end point was clonidine-diuretic response rate. Secondary end points were mean daily dose of diuretics, times of paracentesis, ascites-related readmission and 1-year survival rate. RESULTS Good clonidine responders had better natriuresis and diuresis as well as a significant decrease in abdominal circumference, plasma renin, aldosterone and norepinephrine levels. The overall clonidine-diuretics response rate was 55-60%. In patients with cirrhosis, the prevalence of ARDA(2)C WD/DD and GNB3 CT/TT genotypes was 71% and 77%, respectively. Among the responders, 71% of patients with cirrhosis had the ARDA(2)C WD/DD genotype and 67% has the GNB3 CT/TT genotype. Besides higher baseline norepinephrine levels, the presence of both ARDA(2)C WD/DD and GNB3 CT/TT genotypes showed a positive predictive value of 82% and a negative predictive value of 79% for good clonidine response. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that neurohormonal and genetic testing may be used as predictive factors for the additive effects of clonidine on the diuresis and natriuresis effects of diuretics in patients with cirrhosis with refractory ascites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Yang
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan.
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Lee FY, Lien JC, Huang LJ, Huang TM, Tsai SC, Teng CM, Wu CC, Cheng FC, Kuo SC. ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1-Benzyl-3-(5′-hydroxymethyl-2′-furyl)indazole Analogues as Novel Antiplatelet Agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/chin.200210113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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25
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Chou LC, Huang LJ, Hsu MH, Fang MC, Yang JS, Zhuang SH, Lin HY, Lee FY, Teng CM, Kuo SC. Synthesis of 1-benzyl-3-(5-hydroxymethyl-2-furyl)selenolo[3,2-c]pyrazole derivatives as new anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:1395-402. [PMID: 20097456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2009] [Revised: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 12/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As part of our continuing search for potential anticancer drug candidates among YC-1 analogs, 1, 3-disubstituted selenolo[3,2-c]pyrazole derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxicity against NCI-H226 non-small cell lung cancer and A-498 renal cancer cell lines. Significant cytotoxicity was observed in 3-(5-hydroxymethyl-2-furyl) derivatives (2, 33, 36 and 37). Among them, compound 2 was found to have the most potent activity. The mode of action of compound 2 seems to differ from those of the 175 anticancer agents listed in NCI's standard database and resembles that of YC-1. Thus, we recommend that compound 2 should be developed further as new drug candidate for treatment of non-small cell lung cancer and renal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chen Chou
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical University, 91 Shueh Shih Road, North Section, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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Wu SY, Pan SL, Chen TH, Liao CH, Huang DY, Guh JH, Chang YL, Kuo SC, Lee FY, Teng CM. YC-1 induces apoptosis of human renal carcinoma A498 cells in vitro and in vivo through activation of the JNK pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 155:505-13. [PMID: 18641674 DOI: 10.1038/bjp.2008.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of YC-1{3-(5'-hydroxy methyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole}-induced human renal carcinoma cells apoptosis and to evaluate the potency of YC-1 in models of tumour growth in mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH YC-1-mediated apoptosis was assessed by analysis of MTT, SRB, DAPI staining and flow cytometry analysis. Knockdown of JNK protein was achieved by transient transfection using siRNA. The mechanisms of action of YC-1 on different signalling pathways involved were studied using western blot. Fas clustering was analysed by confocal microscopy and in vivo efficacy was examined in a A498 xenograft model. KEY RESULTS YC-1 displayed cytotoxicity in renal carcinoma cells at 10(-7)-10(-8) M. Increased condensation of chromatin was observed and an increase in the cell population in subG1 phase. Moreover, YC-1 triggered mitochondria-mediated and caspase-dependent pathways. YC-1 significantly induced Fas ligand expression, but did not modify either the protein levels of death receptors or ligands. In addition, Fas clustering in cells responsive to YC-1 was observed, suggesting involvement of a Fas-mediated pathway. Furthermore, YC-1 markedly induced phosphorylation of JNK and a JNK inhibitor, SP600125, and siRNA JNK1/2 significantly reversed YC-1-induced cytotoxicity and protein expression. We suggest that YC-1 induced JNK phosphorylation, the upregulation of FasL and Fas receptor clustering to promote the activation of caspases 8 and 3, resulting in apoptosis. Finally, we demonstrated the antitumour effect of YC-1 in vivo. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These data suggest that YC-1 is a good candidate for development as an anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pharmacological Institute, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Yang C, Lu P, Lee FY, Chadburn A, Barrientos JC, Leonard JP, Ye F, Zhang D, Knowles DM, Wang YL. Tyrosine kinase inhibition in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: molecular basis for antitumor activity and drug resistance of dasatinib. Leukemia 2008; 22:1755-66. [PMID: 18596745 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2008.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Although some patients can be cured by current therapies, novel agents are needed to further improve outcomes. We hypothesized that Src tyrosine kinase inhibition by dasatinib may have antilymphoma effects. Here, we demonstrate that dasatinib inhibits cell growth through G(1)-S blockage in five of seven DLBCL cell lines at clinically achievable concentrations. Compared to resting B cells, DLBCL has increased tyrosine phosphorylation activities. As expected, dasatinib inhibits phosphorylation of several Src family kinase members. However, this inhibition occurs in all cell lines regardless of their proliferative response to the drug. In contrast, the activity of two downstream signaling molecules, Syk and phospholipase Cgamma2 (PLCgamma2), are well correlated with cell line sensitivity to dasatinib, suggesting that these molecules are crucial in mediating the proliferation of activated lymphoma cells. Furthermore, dasatinib inhibits B-cell receptor signaling in primary lymphoma cells. Together, our findings not only show dasatinib as a potentially useful therapy for DLBCL but also provide insights into the pathogenesis of the lymphoma. The results further suggest the possibility of using Syk and PLCgamma2 as biomarkers to predict dasatinib therapeutic response in prospective clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Wong PM, Lees AN, Louw J, Lee FY, French N, Gain K, Murray CP, Wilson A, Chambers DC. Emphysema in young adult survivors of moderate-to-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Eur Respir J 2008; 32:321-8. [PMID: 18385172 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00127107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Improved survival following extreme preterm birth complicated by bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is resulting in an increasing number of affected infants surviving to adulthood. The aim of the present pilot study was to describe the functional and structural pulmonary sequelae of moderate and severe BPD in a population of adult survivors. All babies were cared for at one institution (King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, Australia). Subjects born between 1980 and 1987 with birthweight <1,500 g and requiring supplementary oxygen at 36 weeks post-menstrual age were identified from a complete neonatal database and recruited prospectively. Local physicians were concurrently asked to refer suitable patients. Demographics, respiratory symptoms and examination results, pulmonary function tests and computed tomography images were acquired. In total, 21 subjects were studied. Of these, 12 were female, the median (range) age was 19 (17-33) yrs and 15 (71%) had persistent respiratory symptoms. The median (range) forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)) z-score was -0.77 (-8.20-1.37), the forced expiratory flow at 25-75% of forced vital capacity was -1.81 (-6.00-0.75) and the diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide was -5.04 (-13.17- -1.24). Computed tomography was carried out on 19 subjects and all had abnormal findings, with emphysema being the most common, present in 84% of subjects. The extent of radiological emphysema was inversely related to the FEV(1) z-score. Young adult survivors of moderate and severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia may be left with residual functional and characteristic structural pulmonary abnormalities, most notably emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Wong
- Advanced Lung Disease Program, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia
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29
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Chen HS, Kuo SC, Teng CM, Lee FY, Wang JP, Lee YC, Kuo CW, Huang CC, Wu CC, Huang LJ. Synthesis and antiplatelet activity of ethyl 4-(1-benzyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)benzoate (YD-3) derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 16:1262-78. [PMID: 17988878 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2007] [Revised: 10/19/2007] [Accepted: 10/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Previously, ethyl 4-(1-benzyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)benzoate (YD-3) was identified by us as the first non-peptide protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR4) antagonist. To continue on our development of novel anti-PAR4 agents, YD-3 was used as a lead compound and a series of its derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their selective anti-PAR4 activity. Through structure-activity relationship (SAR) study, we identified the important functional groups contributing to anti-PAR4 activity, and these functional groups were kept intact during subsequent structural modification. Several new compounds with anti-PAR4 activity comparable to YD-3 were identified. Among them, ethyl 4-[1-(3-chlorobenzyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl]benzoate (33) showed the most potent inhibitory effect on PAR4-mediated platelet aggregation, ATP release, and P-selectin expression. On the other hand, ethyl 4-(1-phenyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)benzoate (83) exhibited dual inhibitory effects on PAR4 and thromboxane formation from arachidonic acid. The above findings can be used as guidelines for development of novel antiplatelet drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Sin Chen
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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30
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Chung JG, Yang JS, Huang LJ, Lee FY, Teng CM, Tsai SC, Lin KL, Wang SF, Kuo SC. Proteomic approach to studying the cytotoxicity of YC-1 on U937 leukemia cells and antileukemia activity in orthotopic model of leukemia mice. Proteomics 2007; 7:3305-17. [PMID: 17849408 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200700200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of YC-1 on leukemia cell lines, PI incorporation was used to determine cell viability. YC-1 induced a dose- and time-dependent decrease in viability and apoptosis in YC-1-treated U937 cells. YC-1-induced apoptosis is a cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-independent pathway. Proteomic analysis showed that the altered proteins include the significant regulation of HSP70, chaperonin, ATP synthase beta chains, and Chain F. Western blotting and immuno-cytochemistry stain showed that YC-1 treatment caused a time-dependent increase in cytosolic Cytochrome c, pro-caspase-9, Apaf-1, and the activation of caspase-9 and -3. Importantly, the in vivo antileukemia effects of YC-1 were evaluated in BALB/c mice inoculated with WEHI-3B orthotopic model. YC-1 enhanced survival rate and prevented the body weight loss in leukemia mice. The enlargement of spleen and lymph nodes were reduced in YC-1 treated than that in leukemia mice. H-E stain of spleen sections revealed that infiltration of immature myeloblastic cells into red pulp was reduced in YC-1-treated group. The apoptotic cells of splenocyte were significantly increased in YC-1 treated than that in leukemia mice by Tdt-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Taken together, we conclude that YC-1 acted against U937 cells in vitro via a mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis pathway, and in orthotopic leukemia model, YC-1 administered antileukemia activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Gung Chung
- Departments of Microbiology, School of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Chen CJ, Hsu MH, Huang LJ, Yamori T, Chung JG, Lee FY, Teng CM, Kuo SC. Anticancer mechanisms of YC-1 in human lung cancer cell line, NCI-H226. Biochem Pharmacol 2007; 75:360-8. [PMID: 17880926 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2007] [Revised: 08/09/2007] [Accepted: 08/10/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As part of a continuing search for potential anticancer drug candidates, 1-benzyl-3-(5-hydroxymethyl-2-furyl)indazole (YC-1) was evaluated in the Japanese Cancer Institute's (JCI) in vitro disease-oriented anticancer screen. The results indicated that YC-1 showed impressive selective toxicity against the NCI-H226 cell line. Therefore, the molecular mechanism by which YC-1 affects NCI-H226 cell growth was studied. YC-1 inhibited NCI-H226 cell growth in a time- and a concentration-dependent manner. YC-1 suppressed the protein levels of cyclin D1, CDK2 and cdc25A, up-regulated p16, p21 and p53, increased the number of NCI-H226 cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Long exposure to YC-1 induced apoptosis by mitochondrial-dependent pathway. In addition, YC-1 inhibited MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein activities to abolish tumor cells metastasis. These findings suggest a mechanism of cytotoxic action of YC-1 and indicate that YC-1 may be a promising chemotherapy agent against lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Jen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40421, Taiwan, ROC
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Nakagawa-Goto K, Yamada K, Nakamura S, Chen TH, Chiang PC, Bastow KF, Wang SC, Spohn B, Hung MC, Lee FY, Lee FC, Lee KH. Antitumor agents. 258. Syntheses and evaluation of dietary antioxidant--taxoid conjugates as novel cytotoxic agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:5204-9. [PMID: 17643301 PMCID: PMC2329582 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2007] [Revised: 06/21/2007] [Accepted: 06/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Various dietary antioxidants, including vitamins, flavonoids, curcumin, and a coumarin, were conjugated with paclitaxel (1) through an ester linkage. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against several human tumor cell lines as well as the corresponding normal cell lines. Interestingly, most tested conjugates selectively inhibited the growth of 1A9 (ovarian) and KB (nasopharyngeal) tumor cells without activity against other cell lines. Particularly, conjugates 16 and 20 were highly active against 1A9 (ED(50) value of 0.005 microg/mL) as well as KB (ED(50) values of 0.005 and 0.14 microg/mL, respectively) cells. Compound 22b, the glycinate ester salt of vitamin E conjugated with 1, appears to be a promising lead for further development as a clinical trial candidate as it exhibited strong inhibitory activity against Panc-1 (pancreatic cancer) with less effect on the related E6E7 (normal) cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Nakagawa-Goto
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Nakagawa-Goto K, Nakamura S, Bastow KF, Nyarko A, Peng CY, Lee FY, Lee FC, Lee KH. Antitumor agents. 256. Conjugation of paclitaxel with other antitumor agents: evaluation of novel conjugates as cytotoxic agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:2894-8. [PMID: 17350834 PMCID: PMC1955431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2007] [Accepted: 02/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Sixteen different taxoid conjugates were prepared by linking various anticancer compounds, including camptothecin (CPT), epipodophyllotoxin (EP), colchicine (COL), and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), at the 2'- or 7-position on paclitaxel (TXL, 1) through an ester, imine, amine, or amide bond. Newly synthesized conjugates were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against replication of several human tumor cell lines. Among them, TXL-CPT conjugates, 8-10, were more potent than TXL itself against the human prostate carcinoma cell line PC-3 (ED(50)=14.8, 3.1, 19.4nM compared with 55.5nM), and conjugate 10 was also 8-fold more active than TXL against the LN-CAP prostate cancer cell line. These compounds also possessed anti-angiogenesis ability as well as lower inhibitory effects against a normal cell line (MRC-5). Thus, conjugates 8-10 are possible antitumor drug candidates, particularly for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Nakagawa-Goto
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Seikou Nakamura
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Kenneth F. Bastow
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Alexander Nyarko
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Chieh-Yu Peng
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Fang-Yu Lee
- Yung-Shin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Ta-Chia, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Chen Lee
- Yung-Shin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Ta-Chia, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- *Corresponding author. Tel.: 919-962-0066; fax: 919-966-3893; e-mail address:
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Chou LC, Huang LJ, Yang JS, Lee FY, Teng CM, Kuo SC. Synthesis of furopyrazole analogs of 1-benzyl-3-(5-hydroxymethyl-2-furyl)indazole (YC-1) as novel anti-leukemia agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:1732-40. [PMID: 17189698 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2006] [Revised: 12/01/2006] [Accepted: 12/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As part of our continuing search for potential anticancer drug candidates in YC-1 analogs, several 1-benzyl-3-(substituted aryl)-5-methylfuro[3,2-c]pyrazoles were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxicity against HL-60 cell line. Among these compounds, 1-benzyl-3-(5-hydroxymethyl-2-furyl)-5-methylfuro[3,2-c]pyrazole (1) showed more potency than YC-1. Through investigation of action mechanism, it was found that compound 1 induced terminal differentiation of HL-60 cells toward granulocyte lineage and promoted HL-60 cell differentiation by regulation of Bcl-2 and c-Myc proteins. Meanwhile, compound 1 also demonstrated apoptosis inducing effect. Such anti-leukemia mechanism of action is apparently different from that of YC-1 which mainly works by inducing apoptosis, but not cell differentiation. Therefore, compound 1 is identified here as a new lead compound of cell differentiating agent and apoptosis inducer for further development of new anti-leukemia agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chen Chou
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Fuh Wong F, Kuo SC, Chen HS, Huang LJ, Lee FY, Teng CM. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of N-2-Benzyl-3-(4-ethoxycarbonylphenyl)indazole Derivatives. HETEROCYCLES 2007. [DOI: 10.3987/com-07-11169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Huang LJ, Shih ML, Chen HS, Pan SL, Teng CM, Lee FY, Kuo SC. Synthesis of N2-(substituted benzyl)-3-(4-methylphenyl)indazoles as novel anti-angiogenic agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:528-36. [PMID: 16202611 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2005] [Revised: 08/16/2005] [Accepted: 08/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To search for novel compounds with potent anti-angiogenic activity, a series of N(1)-(substituted benzyl)-3-(4-methylphenyl)-1H-indazoles (16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32) and N(2)-(substituted benzyl)-3-(4-methylphenyl)-2H-indazoles (17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, and 33) were synthesized. The structures of these regioisomers were established by IR, UV, and NMR spectral data. 3-(4-Methylphenyl)-1H-indazole (6) and the N(2)-substituted derivatives (17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 29, 31, 33) were evaluated for their anti-angiogenic activity. Most of them showed more prominent activity than ethyl 4-(1-benzyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)benzoate (YD-3). Among these tested compounds, 2-(4-chlorobenzyl)-3-(4-methylphenyl)-2H-indazole (19), 2-(4-methylbenzyl)-3-(4-methylphenyl)-2H-indazole (25), and 2-(4-methoxybenzyl)-3-(4-methylphenyl)-2H-indazole (31) showed significant anti-angiogenic activity and are worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jiau Huang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Huang YT, Pan SL, Guh JH, Chang YL, Lee FY, Kuo SC, Teng CM. YC-1 suppresses constitutive nuclear factor-κB activation and induces apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2005; 4:1628-35. [PMID: 16227413 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-05-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the indazole compound, YC-1, is reported to exert anticancer activities in several cancer cell types, its target and mechanism of action have not been well explored. The objectives of this study were to ascertain whether YC-1 directly induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells and to explore the mechanism(s) whereby YC-1 causes cell death. Hormone-refractory metastatic human prostate cancer PC-3 cells were selected for this study. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay indicated that YC-1 suppresses growth of PC-3 cells in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner. Apoptosis was determined using 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, and cell cycle progression was examined by FACScan flow cytometry. YC-1 treatment showed chromatin condensation and increased the percentage of PC-3 cells in the hypodiploid sub-G0-G1 phase, indicative of apoptosis. Additionally, exposure to YC-1 was found to induce activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Translocation and activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) were determined by immunofluorescent staining and ELISA, respectively. The results showed that YC-1 abolished constitutive nuclear translocation and activation of NF-kappaB/p65. Furthermore, inhibition of inhibitor of kappaBalpha (IkappaBalpha) phosphorylation and accumulation of IkappaBalpha were observed. The antitumor effects of YC-1 were evaluated by measuring the growth of tumor xenografts in YC-1-treated severe combined immunodeficient mice. The volumes of PC-3 tumors produced in severe combined immunodeficient mice were observed to decline significantly after treatment with YC-1 compared with vehicle controls. We concluded that the antitumor effects of YC-1 in PC-3 cells include the induction of apoptosis and the suppression of NF-kappaB activation. Given these unique actions, further investigations of the effects of YC-1 against hormone-refractory prostate cancer are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Ting Huang
- Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
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Liu YN, Pan SL, Peng CY, Guh JH, Huang DM, Chang YL, Lin CH, Pai HC, Kuo SC, Lee FY, Teng CM. YC-1 [3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzyl indazole] inhibits neointima formation in balloon-injured rat carotid through suppression of expressions and activities of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 316:35-41. [PMID: 16183705 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.105.090563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), particularly MMP-2 and MMP-9, and postrevascularization production of vascular smooth muscle cells may play key roles in development of arterial restenosis. We investigated the inhibitory effect of 3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzyl indazole (YC-1), a benzyl indazole compound, on MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity in a balloon-injury rat carotid artery model. Injury was induced by inserting a balloon catheter through the common carotid artery; after 14 days, histopathological analysis using immunostaining and Western blotting revealed significant restenosis with neointimal formation that was associated with enhanced protein expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. However, these effects were dose-dependently reduced by orally administered YC-1 (1-10 mg/kg). In addition, gelatin zymography demonstrated that increased MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity was diminished by YC-1 treatment. On the other hand, YC-1 inhibited hydrolysis of the fluorogenic quenching substrate Mca-Pro-Leu-Gly-Leu-Dpa-Ala-Arg-NH(2) by recombinant MMP-2 and MMP-9 with IC(50) values = 2.07 and 8.20 muM, respectively. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA revealed that YC-1 significantly inhibited mRNA levels of MMPs. Finally, for the YC-1 treatment group, we did not observe elevation of cGMP levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, suggesting that YC-1 inhibition of neointimal formation is not through a cGMP-elevating pathway. These data show YC-1 suppression of neointimal formation is dependent on its influence on MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein, mRNA expression, and activity, but not through a cGMP-elevating effect. YC-1 shows therapeutic potential for treatment of restenosis after angioplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Nan Liu
- Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1 Jen-Ai Road, Sect. 1, Taipei, Taiwan
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Pan SL, Guh JH, Peng CY, Chang YL, Cheng FC, Chang JH, Kuo SC, Lee FY, Teng CM. A potential role of YC-1 on the inhibition of cytokine release in peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes and endotoxemic mouse models. Thromb Haemost 2005; 93:940-8. [PMID: 15886813 DOI: 10.1160/th04-03-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the anti-sepsis potential of YC-1, we have examined the effect of YC-1 on the regulation of cytokine production in human leukocytes and endotoxemic mice. The data demonstrated that YC-1 showed a preferential inhibition on proinflammatory cytokine production without inhibition of cell growth or induction of cytotoxicity in human leukocytes. On the other hand, in the septic mouse model, treatment with an intraperitoneal application of LPS caused a cumulative death within 27 hours. The post-treatment administration of YC-1 significantly increased the survival rate in endotoxemic mice. Furthermore, several mediators were detected and the data showed that YC-1 profoundly blocked LPS-induced NO as well as TNF-alpha production, and prevented lung damage by histological examination. Samples from the animal model showed that LPS-induced NF-kappaB/DNA binding activity and consequent up-regulation of iNOS expression in tissues were abolished by post-administration of YC-1. Furthermore, YC-1, by itself, did not modify cGMP content while significantly inhibit LPS-induced cGMP formation, suggesting that YC-1-mediated effect was not through a cGMP-elevating pathway. Taken together, it is evident that the post-treatment administration of YC-1 after LPS application significantly inhibits NF-kappaB activation, iNOS expression, NO over-production, and cytokine release reaction resulting in an improved survival rate in endotoxemic mice. It is suggested that YC-1 may be a potential agent for the therapeutic treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiow-Lin Pan
- Pharmacological Institutes, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei
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Luo FR, Yang Z, Dong H, Camuso A, McGlinchey K, Fager K, Flefleh C, Kan D, Inigo I, Castaneda S, Rose WC, Kramer RA, Wild R, Lee FY. Correlation of pharmacokinetics with the antitumor activity of Cetuximab in nude mice bearing the GEO human colon carcinoma xenograft. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2005; 56:455-64. [PMID: 15947929 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-005-1022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2004] [Accepted: 01/06/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a protein tyrosine kinase expressed in many types of human cancers including colon and breast, has been strongly associated with tumor progression. Cetuximab, an IgG1 anti-EGFR chimeric mouse/human monoclonal antibody, has been proven to be effective in the treatment of advanced colon cancer. To date, there has not been a study to systematically evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of Cetuximab in a preclinical model and to further explore any correlation of drug exposure between animal models and cancer patients. In the present study, we characterized the PK of Cetuximab in nude mice at efficacious dose levels and further compared the preclinical optimal dose and active plasma drug concentration with those determined in clinical studies. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The antitumor activity of Cetuximab was evaluated using the GEO human colon carcinoma xenografts implanted subcutaneously in nude mice. The drug was administered ip every 3 days for five total injections (inj) (q3dx5) at dose levels ranging from 1 mg/inj to 0.04 mg/inj. The plasma PK of Cetuximab was determined at dose levels of 1.0, 0.25, and 0.04 mg/inj with a single bolus iv or ip administration in nude mice. The tumoral PK of Cetuximab was determined at dose levels of 0.25, and 0.04 mg/inj with a single bolus ip administration in nude mice bearing GEO tumor xenografts. The plasma and tumoral levels of Cetuximab were quantitated by an ELISA assay. RESULTS Cetuximab demonstrated a dose-dependent antitumor activity at dose levels of 0.25, 0.1, and 0.04 mg/inj, with a statistically significant tumor growth delay (in reaching a tumor target size of 1 gm) of 18 days (P < 0.001), 12.3 days (P < 0.01), and 10 days (P < 0.01) for 0.25, 0.1, and 0.04 mg/inj, respectively. A separate study employing the same treatment schedule showed that Cetuximab was equally active at dose levels ranging from 0.25 mg/inj to 1 mg/inj. Therefore, dose levels of Cetuximab from 1 mg/inj to 0.04 mg/inj can be considered to be within the efficacious range, while dose levels of 0.25 mg/inj or higher appeared to be optimal for the antitumor activity of Cetuximab in the GEO tumor model. When Cetuximab was given iv to mice, the elimination half life (t(1/2)) was 39.6, 37.8, and 42.2 h for doses of 1.0, 0.25, and 0.04 mg/inj, respectively, suggesting a similar disposition kinetics of Cetuximab within this dose range. The volume of distribution (V(d)) ranged from 0.062 l/kg to 0.070 l/kg, suggesting that Cetuximab is primarily confined to the plasma compartment with limited peripheral tissue distribution. Clearance (CL) was similar and no apparent PK saturation was observed across the dose ranging from 0.04 mg/inj to 1.0 mg/inj. When mice were administered with a single bolus ip administration at doses of 1, 0.25, and 0.04 mg/inj, the maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) was 407.6, 66.4, and 16.5 microg/ml. The area under the curve of plasma drug concentration (AUC) was 19212.4, 3182.4, and 534.5 microg/ml h, for 1.0, 0.25, and 0.04 mg/inj, respectively. The average steady state plasma concentration (C(ss avg)) for the multiple dosing schedule was estimated to be 73.1 microg/ml at 0.25 mg/inj and was considered as an active plasma drug concentration. The maximum tumoral concentration of Cetuximab was 2.6 and 0.53 ng/mg-tumor while the tumoral drug exposure was 112.6 and 18.3 ng/mg h for 0.25 and 0.04 mg/inj, respectively. The EGFR was estimated to be nearly completely occupied by Cetuximab at the optimal dose of 0.25 mg/inj. CONCLUSION In the present study, we compared the preclinical optimal dose and the corresponding active plasma concentration determined in mice with those being observed in cancer patients, i.e. 65-100 microg/ml. The preclinical optimal dose of 0.25 mg/inj was significantly lower than the current clinical dose. However, the active plasma concentration at 0.25 mg/inj is within the range of the active drug concentrations in cancer patients treated with Cetuximab under the current optimal dosing regimen. It appears that the active plasma drug concentration determined in preclinical model predicts better than the optimal preclinical dose for the clinical development of antibody drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R Luo
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Oncology Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA.
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Pan SL, Guh JH, Peng CY, Wang SW, Chang YL, Cheng FC, Chang JH, Kuo SC, Lee FY, Teng CM. YC-1 [3-(5′-Hydroxymethyl-2′-furyl)-1-benzyl Indazole] Inhibits Endothelial Cell Functions Induced by Angiogenic Factors in Vitro and Angiogenesis in Vivo Models. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 314:35-42. [PMID: 15784655 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.105.085126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a process that involves endothelial cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tube formation, and inhibition of these processes has implications for angiogenesis-mediated disorders. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antiangiogenic efficacy of YC-1 [3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzyl indazole] in well characterized in vitro and in vivo systems. YC-1 inhibited the ability of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in a dose-dependent manner to induce proliferation, migration, and tube formation in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells; these outcomes were evaluated using [3H]thymidine incorporation, transwell chamber, and Matrigel-coated slide assays, respectively. YC-1 inhibited VEGF- and bFGF-induced p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt phosphorylation as well as protein kinase C alpha translocation using Western blot analysis. The effect of YC-1 on angiogenesis in vivo was evaluated using the mouse Matrigel implant model. YC-1 administered orally in doses of 1 to 100 mg/kg/day inhibited VEGF- and bFGF-induced neovascularization in a dose-dependent manner over 7 days. These results indicate that YC-1 has antiangiogenic activity at very low doses. Moreover, in transplantable murine tumor models, YC-1 administered orally displayed a high degree of antitumor activity (treatment-to-control life span ratio > 175%) without cytotoxicity. YC-1 may be useful for treating angiogenesis-dependent human diseases such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiow-Lin Pan
- Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1 Jen-Ai Road, Section 1, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
Memory is one of the most fundamental mental processes, and various approaches have been used to understand the mechanisms underlying this process. Nitric oxide (NO), cGMP and protein kinase G (PKG) are involved in the modulation of synaptic plasticity in various brain regions. YC-1, which is a benzylindazole derivative, greatly potentiated the response of soluble guanylate cyclase to NO (up to several hundreds fold). We have previously shown that YC-1 markedly enhances long-term potentiation in hippocampal and amygdala slices via NO-cGMP-PKG-dependent pathway. We here further investigated whether YC-1 promotes learning behaviour in Morris water maze and avoidance tests. It was found that YC-1 shortened the escape latency in the task of water maze, increased and decreased the retention scores in passive and active avoidance task, respectively. Administration of YC-1 30 min after foot-shock stimulation did not significantly affect retention scores in response to passive avoidance test. Administration of scopolamine, a muscarinic antagonist, markedly impaired the memory acquisition. Pretreatment of YC-1 inhibited the scopolamine-induced learning deficit. The enhancement of learning behaviour by YC-1 was antagonized by intracerebroventricular injection of NOS inhibitor L-NAME and PKG inhibitors of KT5823 and Rp-8-Br-PET-cGMPS, indicating that NO-cGMP-PKG pathway is also involved in the learning enhancement action of YC-1. YC-1 is thus a good drug candidate for the improvement of learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lin Chien
- Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wang SW, Pan SL, Guh JH, Chen HL, Huang DM, Chang YL, Kuo SC, Lee FY, Teng CM. YC-1 [3-(5'-Hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzyl Indazole] exhibits a novel antiproliferative effect and arrests the cell cycle in G0-G1 in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2004; 312:917-25. [PMID: 15525795 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.104.077230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study delineates the antiproliferative activities and in vivo efficacy of YC-1 [3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzyl indazole] in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. YC-1 inhibited the growth of HA22T and Hep3B cells in a concentration-dependent manner without significant cytotoxicity. YC-1 induced G(1) phase arrest in the cell cycle, as detected by an increase in the proportion of cells in the G(1) phase using FAC-Scan flow cytometric analysis. It was further shown that cGMP, p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase, or AKT kinase-mediated signaling pathways did not contribute to the YC-1-induced effect. Of note, YC-1 induced a dramatic increase in the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-inhibitory protein, p21(CIP1/WAP1), and a modest increase in p27(KIP1). The association of p21(CIP1/WAP1) with CDK2 was markedly increased in cells responsive to YC-1. YC-1 did not modify the expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E, CDK2, or CDK4. In a corollary in vivo study, YC-1 induced dose-dependent inhibition of tumor growth in mice inoculated with HA22T cells. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed an inverse relationship between the staining of p21(CIP1/WAF) and the staining of Ki-67, a cell proliferation marker. Based on the results reported herein, we suggest that YC-1 induces cell cycle arrest and inhibits tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo via the up-regulation of p21(CIP1/WAP1) expression in HA22T cells. Because of this, YC-1 is a potential antitumor agent worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Wei Wang
- Pharmacological Institutes, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1 Jen-Ai Road, Sect. 1, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
There are two protease-activated receptors (PARs), PAR1 and PAR4, in human platelets. It has been suggested that PAR1 mediates platelet responses to low concentrations of thrombin, whereas PAR4 mediates signaling only at high concentrations. In the present study, we used a selective PAR4 blocker, YD-3, to investigate the role of PAR4 in thrombin-induced thromboxane formation in human platelets. YD-3 completely prevented thromboxane production by either a low concentration of thrombin (0.1 U/ml) or the PAR4 agonist peptide GYPGKF. In contrast, YD-3 did not affect thromboxane production caused by the PAR1 agonist peptide SFLLRN, collagen or arachidonic acid. YD-3 also decreased [(3) H]arachidonic acid release from thrombin-stimulated platelets. Moreover, desensitization of platelets with GYPGKF prevented low thrombin-induced thromboxane formation. The decreased thromboxane production by YD-3 is linked to inhibition of calcium influx in thrombin-stimulated platelets. These results suggest that PAR4 plays an important role in the regulation of thromboxane formation in platelets responding to thrombin through prolonged elevation of [Ca(2+)](i) and activation of phospholipase A(2). These data also indicate that PAR4 can be activated by relatively low concentrations of thrombin in human platelets. The selective inhibition of thrombin-induced thromboxane production by YD-3 may be of therapeutic benefit for thrombotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chung Wu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
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Chien WL, Liang KC, Teng CM, Kuo SC, Lee FY, Fu WM. Enhancement of long-term potentiation by a potent nitric oxide-guanylyl cyclase activator, 3-(5-hydroxymethyl-2-furyl)-1-benzyl-indazole. Mol Pharmacol 2003; 63:1322-8. [PMID: 12761342 DOI: 10.1124/mol.63.6.1322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is known to affect synaptic plasticity in various regions of the brain via the cGMP-cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) pathway. We found that a novel compound 3-(5-hydroxymethyl-2-furyl)-1-benzyl-indazole (YC-1), a drug known to modulate the response of soluble guanylyl cyclase to NO, greatly potentiates long-term potentiation (LTP). This compound markedly enhanced the induction of LTP in rat hippocampal and amygdala slices by weak tetanic stimulation. The potentiation of LTP by YC-1 was greatly reduced by NO synthase inhibitor Ng-nitro-l-arginine-methylester, guanylyl cyclase inhibitor 1 H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazolo(4,3-a)-quinoxalin-1-one, and PKG inhibitor (9S,10R,12R)-2,3,9,10,11,12, hexahydro-10-methoxy-2,9-dimethyl-1-ox0-9.12-epoxy-1H-diindolo[1,2,3-fg:3',2',1'-kl]pyrrolo[3,4-I][1,6]benzodiazocine-10-carboxylic acid methyl ester (KT5823). In addition, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor 2'-amino-3'-methoxyflavone (PD98059) also markedly inhibited LTP potentiating action of YC-1. Intracellular increase of Ca2+ concentration derived from N-methyl-d-aspartate and glutamate metabotropic receptors contributes to the potentiating action of YC-1. Concurrent perfusion of YC-1 and NO donor sodium nitroprusside for a short time period resulted in the induction of LTP by stimuli at a frequency as low as 0.02 Hz. Incubation of unstimulated hippocampal slices with YC-1 plus nitroprusside increased the immunofluorescence of phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phospho-cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). Furthermore, the Western blot shows that the phosphorylation of ERKs 1 and 2 and CREB of unstimulated hippocampal slices was increased by YC-1 plus nitroprusside, which was inhibited by KT5823. The NO-cGMP-PKG-ERK signaling pathway thus plays important role in the potentiation of LTP by YC-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lin Chien
- Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ohtsu H, Nakanishi Y, Bastow KF, Lee FY, Lee KH. Antitumor agents 216. Synthesis and evaluation of paclitaxel-camptothecin conjugates as novel cytotoxic agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:1851-7. [PMID: 12659771 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(03)00040-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Five conjugates (16-20) composed of a paclitaxel and a camptothecin derivative joined by an imine linkage were synthesized and evaluated as cytotoxic agents and as inhibitors of DNA topoisomerase I. All of the conjugates were potent inhibitors of tumor cell replication with improved activity relative to camptothecin. Significantly, compounds 16-18 were more active than paclitaxel and camptothecin against HCT-8 (colon adenocarcinoma) cell replication, and the spectrum of activity was different from a simple mixture of paclitaxel and camptothecin. All of the conjugates were significantly less potent than camptothecin as inhibitors of human topoisomerase I in vitro with 16, 18, and 19 showing only marginal activity at 50 microM. Based on activity against drug-resistant cell line replication, one could conclude that the conjugates are simply acting as 'weak taxanes', but the spectrum of activity, particularly against MCF-7 and HCT-8, strongly suggests that a novel mechanism of action has been achieved through conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Ohtsu
- Natural Products Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Lien JC, Lee FY, Huang LJ, Pan SL, Guh JH, Teng CM, Kuo SC. 1-Benzyl-3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)indazole (YC-1) derivatives as novel inhibitors against sodium nitroprusside-induced apoptosis. J Med Chem 2002; 45:4947-9. [PMID: 12408703 DOI: 10.1021/jm020070b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Antiapoptotic agents based on 1-benzyl-3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)indazole (22, YC-1) derivatives were explored for effective treatment of sepsis and septic shock. We found that compound 22, 1-benzyl-3-(5'-methoxymethyl-2'-furyl)indazole (27), and 1-phenyl-3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)indazole (23) were the most effective inhibitors of sodium nitroprusside-induced vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis. These three compounds are proposed as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Cherng Lien
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical College, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Wu CC, Hwang TL, Liao CH, Kuo SC, Lee FY, Lee CY, Teng CM. Selective inhibition of protease-activated receptor 4-dependent platelet activation by YD-3. Thromb Haemost 2002; 87:1026-33. [PMID: 12083482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the antiplatelet effect and its mechanism of a new synthetic compound YD-3 [1-benzyl-3-(ethoxycarbonylphenyl)-indazole] were examined. YD-3 inhibited the aggregation of washed human platelets caused by protease-activated receptor (PAR) 4 agonist peptide GYPGKF (IC50 = 0.13 +/- 0.02 microM), but had no or little effect on that by thrombin, PAR1 agonist peptide SFLLRN, collagen or U46619. YD-3 produced a parallel, rightward shift of the concentration-response curve for GYPGKF without decreasing of the maximum platelet aggregation, indicating a competitive antagonism. In contrast to human platelets, both thrombin- and GYPGKF-induced mouse platelet shape change and aggregation were completely inhibited by YD-3. YD-3 also selectively prevented GYPGKF-induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization in human platelets. Furthermore, in the PAR1-desensitized human platelets, thrombin induced a relatively slow rise and decay of calcium mobilization that was significantly inhibited by YD-3. In addition, the synergistic effect of SFLLRN and GYPGKF on platelet activation was prevented by YD-3. YD-3 also inhibits both fMLP-stimulated neutrophil- and purified cathepsin G-induced platelet aggregation, which has been demonstrated to be PAR4-dependent. Taken together, our results suggest that YD-3 selectively inhibits PAR4-dependent platelet activation through blockade of PAR4. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first non-peptide PAR4 antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chung Wu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
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Lin HC, Yang YY, Hou MC, Huang YT, Lee WC, Lee FY, Chang FY, Lee SD. Hemodynamic effects of a combination of octreotide and terlipressin in patients with viral hepatitis related cirrhosis. Scand J Gastroenterol 2002; 37:482-7. [PMID: 11989841 DOI: 10.1080/003655202317316132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Terlipressin or octreotide given alone has been used as the first-line pharmacological treatment for acute variceal bleeding. In portal hypertensive animals, pre-infusion of octreotide followed by the addition of terlipressin has an additive or complementary effect on splanchnic hemodynamics. The current study was aimed at evaluating such a combination treatment in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. METHODS Patients were randomly assigned to receive either a placebo (n = 11) or an intravenous infusion of octreotide 100 microg/h after an initial bolus of 100 microg (n = 13). Thereafter, each patient received an intravenous injection of terlipressin 2 mg. Hemodynamic values were measured basally, 30 min after octreotide or placebo, and 60 min after terlipressin. RESULTS Placebo administration did not affect any of the hemodynamic values. Terlipressin administration resulted in expected changes in hepatic venous pressure gradient, hepatic blood flow and systemic hemodynamics. In contrast, octreotide administration significantly decreased hepatic blood flow but did not affect other hemodynamic values. After terlipressin administration, significant hemodynamic changes were observed that were similar to the hemodynamic changes with terlipressin alone. The magnitude of changes in hepatic venous pressure gradient, cardiac index and systemic vascular resistance were no different between the two groups of patients. The heart rate was significantly lower in patients receiving octreotide plus terlipressin than those receiving terlipressin alone. CONCLUSION The current study showed that a combination of octreotide and terlipressin did not exert an additive effect in reducing hepatic venous pressure gradient in patients with cirrhosis. In addition, the systemic hemodynamic changes were comparable between the two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Lin
- Dept. of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and School of Medicine and Tih-Wu Liver Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan.
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Altstadt TJ, Fairchild CR, Golik J, Johnston KA, Kadow JF, Lee FY, Long BH, Rose WC, Vyas DM, Wong H, Wu MJ, Wittman MD. Synthesis and antitumor activity of novel C-7 paclitaxel ethers: discovery of BMS-184476. J Med Chem 2001; 44:4577-83. [PMID: 11741476 DOI: 10.1021/jm0102607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of C-7 paclitaxel ethers is described. Various substituted ethers were prepared via activation of the corresponding methylthiomethyl ether followed by alcohol addition. Variation of the C-7 ether group as well the 3' side chain position led to the discovery of a novel taxane, BMS-184476 (4), with preclinical antitumor activity superior to paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Altstadt
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 5 Research Parkway, P.O. Box 5100, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660, USA
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