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Niu Z, Yang Z, Sun S, Zeng Z, Han Q, Wu L, Bai J, Li H, Xia H. Clinical analysis of the efficacy of radiation therapy for primary high-grade gliomas guided by biological rhythms. Transl Oncol 2024; 45:101973. [PMID: 38705052 PMCID: PMC11089398 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High-grade glioma (HGG) patients frequently encounter treatment resistance and relapse, despite numerous interventions seeking enhanced survival outcomes yielding limited success. Consequently, this study, rooted in our prior research, aimed to ascertain whether leveraging circadian rhythm phase attributes could optimize radiotherapy results. METHODS In this retrospective analysis, we meticulously selected 121 HGG cases with synchronized rhythms through Cosinor analysis. Post-surgery, all subjects underwent standard radiotherapy alongside Temozolomide chemotherapy. Random allocation ensued, dividing patients into morning (N = 69) and afternoon (N = 52) radiotherapy cohorts, enabling a comparison of survival and toxicity disparities. RESULTS The afternoon radiotherapy group exhibited improved overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) relative to the morning cohort. Notably, median OS extended to 25.6 months versus 18.5 months, with P = 0.014, with median PFS at 20.6 months versus 13.3 months, with P = 0.022, post-standardized radiotherapy. Additionally, lymphocyte expression levels in the afternoon radiation group 32.90(26.10, 39.10) significantly exceeded those in the morning group 31.30(26.50, 39.20), with P = 0.032. CONCLUSIONS This study underscores the markedly prolonged average survival within the afternoon radiotherapy group. Moreover, lymphocyte proportion demonstrated a notable elevation in the afternoon group. Timely and strategic adjustments of therapeutic interventions show the potential to improve therapeutic efficacy, while maintaining vigilant systemic immune surveillance. A comprehensive grasp of physiological rhythms governing both the human body and tumor microenvironment can refine treatment efficacy, concurrently curtailing immune-related damage-a crucial facet of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanfeng Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, PR China
| | - Zhihua Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, PR China
| | - Shengyu Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, PR China
| | - Zhong Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, PR China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, PR China
| | - Qian Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, PR China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, PR China
| | - Liang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, PR China
| | - Jinbo Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, PR China
| | - Hailiang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, PR China
| | - Hechun Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, PR China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, PR China.
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2
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Xu X, Zhang J, Wang T, Li J, Rong Y, Wang Y, Bai C, Yan Q, Ran X, Wang Y, Zhang T, Sun J, Jiang Q. Emerging non-antibody‒drug conjugates (non-ADCs) therapeutics of toxins for cancer treatment. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1542-1559. [PMID: 38572098 PMCID: PMC10985036 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The non-selective cytotoxicity of toxins limits the clinical relevance of the toxins. In recent years, toxins have been widely used as warheads for antibody‒drug conjugates (ADCs) due to their efficient killing activity against various cancer cells. Although ADCs confer certain targeting properties to the toxins, low drug loading capacity, possible immunogenicity, and other drawbacks also limit the potential application of ADCs. Recently, non-ADC delivery strategies for toxins have been extensively investigated. To further understand the application of toxins in anti-tumor, this paper provided an overview of prodrugs, nanodrug delivery systems, and biomimetic drug delivery systems. In addition, toxins and their combination strategies with other therapies were discussed. Finally, the prospect and challenge of toxins in cancer treatment were also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Xu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jing Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yukang Rong
- School of Education, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Yanfang Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chenxia Bai
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qing Yan
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaohua Ran
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yingli Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qikun Jiang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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3
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Natangelo S, Trapani D, Koukoutzeli C, Boscolo Bielo L, Marvaso G, Jereczek-Fossa BA, Curigliano G. Radiation therapy, tissue radiosensitization, and potential synergism in the era of novel antibody-drug conjugates. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 195:104270. [PMID: 38272150 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a therapeutic class of agents designed to selectively deliver cytotoxic payloads to cancer cells. With the increasingly positioning of ADCs in the clinical practice, combinations with other treatment modalities, including radiation therapy (RT), will open new opportunities but also challenges. This review evaluates ADC-RT interactions, examining therapeutic synergies and potential caveats. ADC payloads can be radiosensitizing, enhancing cytotoxicity when used in combination with RT. Antigens targeted by ADCs can have various tissue expressions, resulting in possible off-target toxicities by tissue radiosensitization. Notably, the HER-2-directed ADC trastuzumab emtansine has appeared to increase the risk of radionecrosis when used concomitantly with brain RT, as glial cells can express HER2, too. Other possible organ-specific effects are discussed, such as pulmonary and cardiac toxicities. The lack of robust clinical data on the ADC-RT combination raises concerns regarding specific side effects and the ultimate trade-off of toxicity and safety of some combined approaches. Clinical studies are needed to assess ADC-RT combination safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Natangelo
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology (DIPO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Trapani
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology (DIPO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chrysanthi Koukoutzeli
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Boscolo Bielo
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology (DIPO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Marvaso
- Division of Radiation Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Alicja Jereczek-Fossa
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology (DIPO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Division of Radiation Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology (DIPO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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4
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Tallman MM, Zalenski AA, Stabl I, Schrock MS, Kollin L, de Jong E, De K, Grubb TM, Summers MK, Venere M. Improving Localized Radiotherapy for Glioblastoma via Small Molecule Inhibition of KIF11. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3173. [PMID: 37370783 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, IDH-wild type (GBM) is the most common and lethal malignant primary brain tumor. Standard of care includes surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy with the DNA alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ). Despite these intensive efforts, current GBM therapy remains mainly palliative with only modest improvement achieved in overall survival. With regards to radiotherapy, GBM is ranked as one of the most radioresistant tumor types. In this study, we wanted to investigate if enriching cells in the most radiosensitive cell cycle phase, mitosis, could improve localized radiotherapy for GBM. To achieve cell cycle arrest in mitosis we used ispinesib, a small molecule inhibitor to the mitotic kinesin, KIF11. Cell culture studies validated that ispinesib radiosensitized patient-derived GBM cells. In vivo, we validated that ispinesib increased the fraction of tumor cells arrested in mitosis as well as increased apoptosis. Critical for the translation of this approach, we validated that combination therapy with ispinesib and irradiation led to the greatest increase in survival over either monotherapy alone. Our data highlight KIF11 inhibition in combination with radiotherapy as a new combinatorial approach that reduces the overall radioresistance of GBM and which can readily be moved into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda M Tallman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Abigail A Zalenski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ian Stabl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Morgan S Schrock
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Luke Kollin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Eliane de Jong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kuntal De
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Treg M Grubb
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Matthew K Summers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Monica Venere
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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5
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Beddok A, Porte B, Cottu P, Fourquet A, Kirova Y. [Biological, preclinical and clinical aspects of the association between radiation therapy and CDK4/6 inhibitors]. Cancer Radiother 2023; 27:240-248. [PMID: 37080859 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Several clinical studies have shown that CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) improve survival in patients with metastatic or locally advanced HR-positive, HER-2-negative breast cancer (BC). The aim of this review was to synthesize the biological, preclinical and clinical aspects of the treatment of BC with CDK4/6i, with a focus on the combination of CDK4/6i and radiotherapy. The DNA damage induced after exposure of cells to ionizing radiation activates control pathways that inhibit cell progression in the G1 and G2 phases and induce a transient delay in progression in the S phase. These checkpoints are in particular mediated by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 4/6 activated by cyclin D1. Several preclinical studies have shown that CDK4/6i could be used as radiosensitizers in non-small cell lung cancer, medulloblastoma, brainstem glioma and breast cancer. CDK4/6 inhibition also protected against radiation-induced intestinal toxicities by inducing redistribution of quiescent intestinal progenitor cells, making them less radiosensitive. Clinical data on the combination of CDK inhibitors and radiotherapy for both locoregional and metastatic irradiation are based on retrospective data. Nevertheless, the most optimal therapeutic sequence would be radiotherapy followed by palbociclib. Pending prospective clinical trials, the concomitant combination of the two treatments should be done under close supervision.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Beddok
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, University Paris Saclay, Inserm LITO, 91898 Orsay, France; Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Radiation Oncology Department, Proton Therapy Centre, Centre Universitaire, 91898 Orsay, France.
| | - B Porte
- Service d'oncologie médicale, GHU hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - P Cottu
- Département d'oncologie médicale, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - A Fourquet
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Radiation Oncology Department, Paris, France
| | - Y Kirova
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Radiation Oncology Department, Paris, France
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6
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Tsolou A, Koparanis D, Lamprou I, Giatromanolaki A, Koukourakis MI. Increased glucose influx and glycogenesis in lung cancer cells surviving after irradiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:692-701. [PMID: 35976051 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2113837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lung cancer is considered as one of the most frequent malignancies worldwide. Radiotherapy is the main treatment modality applied for locally advanced disease, but remnant surviving cancer tissue results in disease progression in the majority of irradiated lung carcinomas. Metabolic reprogramming is regarded as a cancer hallmark and is associated with resistance to radiation therapy. Here, we explored metabolic alterations possibly related to cancer cell radioresistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS We compared the expression of metabolism-related enzymes in the parental A549 lung cancer cell line along with two new cell lines derived from A549 cells after recovery from three (A549-IR3) and six (A549-IR6) irradiation doses with 4 Gy. Differential GLUT1 and GYS1 expression on proliferation and radioresistance were also comparatively investigated. RESULTS A549-IR cells displayed increased extracellular glucose absorption, and enhanced mRNA and protein levels of the GLUT1 glucose transporter. GLUT1 inhibition with BAY-876, suppressed cell proliferation and the effect was significantly more profound on A549-IR3 cells. Protein levels of molecules associated with aerobic or anaerobic glycolysis, or the phosphate pentose pathway were similar in all three cell lines. However, glycogen synthase 1 (GYS1) was upregulated, especially in the A549-IR3 cell line, suggestive of glycogen accumulation in cells surviving post irradiation. GYS1-gene silencing repressed the proliferation capacity of A549, but this increased their radioresistance. The radio-protective effect of the suppression of proliferative activity induced by GYS1 silencing did not protect A549-IR3 cells against further irradiation. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that GYS1 activity is a critical component of the metabolism of lung cancer cells surviving after fractionated radiotherapy. Targeting the glycogen metabolic reprogramming after irradiation may be a valuable approach to pursue eradication of the post-radiotherapy remnant of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avgi Tsolou
- Department of Radiotherapy/Oncology, Democritus University of Thrace and University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Koparanis
- Department of Radiotherapy/Oncology, Democritus University of Thrace and University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Ioannis Lamprou
- Department of Radiotherapy/Oncology, Democritus University of Thrace and University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Alexandra Giatromanolaki
- Department of Pathology, Democritus University of Thrace and University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Michael I Koukourakis
- Department of Radiotherapy/Oncology, Democritus University of Thrace and University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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7
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Wu N, Zhang X, Zhu M, Fang C, Liu X, Wang Y, Li H, Liu S, Ting H, Qin C, Liao Q, Cai J, Wang J. ZNF582 promoter methylation predicts cervical cancer radiosensitivity and ZNF582 protein overexpression reduces radiosensitivity by cell cycle arrest in S phase. Epigenetics 2022; 17:1786-1799. [PMID: 35642528 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2022.2080995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between ZNF582 promoter methylation (ZNF582m) level and radiosensitivity of cervical cancer and its biological basis. This was a prospective multicenter clinical study, comprised of two independent cohorts of locally advanced cervical cancer patients. Exfoliated cervical cells were collected at 0, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 64 Gy to test ZNF582m levels. Radiotherapy response evaluated according to RECIST Version. RT-PCR, WT were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels; MTT, flow cytometry were used to detect the cell viability and cell cycle, respectively. While clone formation and subcutaneous tumorigenesis in nude mice were used to detect the growth of HeLa cells with/without ZNF582 overexpression. In the first cohort, 22 cases achieved complete remission (CR) or partial response (PR), and the other 28 cases exhibited stable disease (SD). Radiotherapy reduced ZNF582m levels among all patients. Initial lever of ZNF582m was significantly higher in the Responder (CR + PR) group than in SD group. Also, patients with higher initial lever ZNF582m were more sensitive toward radiotherapy than ZNF582m-low patients. The second cohort confirmed above results. The amplitude of ZNF582m levels were related to radiotherapeutic response; some patients of ZNF582m-low showed a transient increase in ZNF582m, and present greater radiosensitivity than other ZNF582m-low patients. In vitro, ZNF582 protein overexpression promoted cell cycle arrest in S phase. These results suggested that higher ZNF582m levels predicted greater radiosensitivity in clinical cervical cancer cases. Overexpressed ZNF582 conferred radioresistance by cell cycle arrest in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayiyuan Wu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The second people's hospital of Yueyang City, Hunan, China
| | - Miaochen Zhu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Hunan Cancer Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Chao Fang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | | | - Ying Wang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - He Li
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siye Liu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Ting
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chongzhen Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - JingTing Cai
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Prasanna PG, Citrin DE, Hildesheim J, Ahmed MM, Venkatachalam S, Riscuta G, Xi D, Zheng G, van Deursen J, Goronzy J, Kron SJ, Anscher MS, Sharpless NE, Campisi J, Brown SL, Niedernhofer LJ, O’Loghlen A, Georgakilas AG, Paris F, Gius D, Gewirtz DA, Schmitt CA, Abazeed ME, Kirkland JL, Richmond A, Romesser PB, Lowe SW, Gil J, Mendonca MS, Burma S, Zhou D, Coleman CN. Therapy-Induced Senescence: Opportunities to Improve Anticancer Therapy. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021; 113:1285-1298. [PMID: 33792717 PMCID: PMC8486333 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is an essential tumor suppressive mechanism that prevents the propagation of oncogenically activated, genetically unstable, and/or damaged cells. Induction of tumor cell senescence is also one of the underlying mechanisms by which cancer therapies exert antitumor activity. However, an increasing body of evidence from preclinical studies demonstrates that radiation and chemotherapy cause accumulation of senescent cells (SnCs) both in tumor and normal tissue. SnCs in tumors can, paradoxically, promote tumor relapse, metastasis, and resistance to therapy, in part, through expression of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. In addition, SnCs in normal tissue can contribute to certain radiation- and chemotherapy-induced side effects. Because of its multiple roles, cellular senescence could serve as an important target in the fight against cancer. This commentary provides a summary of the discussion at the National Cancer Institute Workshop on Radiation, Senescence, and Cancer (August 10-11, 2020, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD) regarding the current status of senescence research, heterogeneity of therapy-induced senescence, current status of senotherapeutics and molecular biomarkers, a concept of "one-two punch" cancer therapy (consisting of therapeutics to induce tumor cell senescence followed by selective clearance of SnCs), and its integration with personalized adaptive tumor therapy. It also identifies key knowledge gaps and outlines future directions in this emerging field to improve treatment outcomes for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dan Xi
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Guangrong Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Jorg Goronzy
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ana O’Loghlen
- Epigenetics & Cellular Senescence Group; Blizard Institute; Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Zografou, 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Francois Paris
- Universite de Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, CRCINA, Nantes, France
| | - David Gius
- University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Mohamed E Abazeed
- Johannes Kepler University, 4020, Linz, Austria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James L Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ann Richmond
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Veterans Affairs, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Paul B Romesser
- Translational Research Division, Department of Radiation Oncology and Early Drug Development Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Hospital, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott W Lowe
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jesus Gil
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), and Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 ONN, UK
| | - Marc S Mendonca
- Departments of Radiation Oncology & Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, IUPUI, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sandeep Burma
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Biochemistry & Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Daohong Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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9
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In silico simulation of the effect of hypoxia on MCF-7 cell cycle kinetics under fractionated radiotherapy. J Biol Phys 2021; 47:301-321. [PMID: 34533654 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-021-09580-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment outcome of a given fractionated radiotherapy scheme is affected by oxygen tension and cell cycle kinetics of the tumor population. Numerous experimental studies have supported the variability of radiosensitivity with cell cycle phase. Oxygen modulates the radiosensitivity through hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) stabilization and oxygen fixation hypothesis (OFH) mechanism. In this study, an existing mathematical model describing cell cycle kinetics was modified to include the oxygen-dependent G1/S transition rate and radiation inactivation rate. The radiation inactivation rate used was derived from the linear-quadratic (LQ) model with dependence on oxygen enhancement ratio (OER), while the oxygen-dependent correction for the G1/S phase transition was obtained from numerically solving the ODE system of cyclin D-HIF dynamics at different oxygen tensions. The corresponding cell cycle phase fractions of aerated MCF-7 tumor population, and the resulting growth curve obtained from numerically solving the developed mathematical model were found to be comparable to experimental data. Two breast radiotherapy fractionation schemes were investigated using the mathematical model. Results show that hypoxia causes the tumor to be more predominated by the tumor subpopulation in the G1 phase and decrease the fractional contribution of the more radioresistant tumor cells in the S phase. However, the advantage provided by hypoxia in terms of cell cycle phase distribution is largely offset by the radioresistance developed through OFH. The delayed proliferation caused by severe hypoxia slightly improves the radiotherapy efficacy compared to that with mild hypoxia for a high overall treatment duration as demonstrated in the 40-Gy fractionation scheme.
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10
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Guo XX, Guo ZH, Lu JS, Xie WS, Zhong QZ, Sun XD, Wang XM, Wang JY, Liu M, Zhao LY. All-purpose nanostrategy based on dose deposition enhancement, cell cycle arrest, DNA damage, and ROS production as prostate cancer radiosensitizer for potential clinical translation. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:14525-14537. [PMID: 34473816 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03869a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the main treatments for men with prostate cancer (PCa). To date, numerous sophisticated nano-formulations as radiosensitizers have been synthesized with inspiring therapeutic effects both in vitro and in vivo; however, almost all the attention has been paid on the enhanced dose deposition effect by secondary electrons of nanomaterials with high atomic numbers (Z); despite this, cell-cycle arrest, DNA damage, and also reactive oxygen species (ROS) production are critical working mechanisms that account for radiosensitization. Herein, an 'all-purpose' nanostrategy based on dose deposition enhancement, cell cycle arrest, and ROS production as prostate cancer radiosensitizer for potential clinical translation was proposed. The rather simple structure of docetaxel-loaded Au nanoparticles (NPs) with prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligand conjugation have been successfully synthesized. Enhanced cellular uptake achieved via the selective internalization of the NPs by PCa cells with positive PSMA expression could guarantee enhanced dose deposition. Moreover, the as-synthesized nanosystem could effectively arrest the cell cycle at G2/M phases, which would reduce the ability of DNA damage repair for more irradiation sensitive of the PCa cells. Moreover, the G2/M phase arrest would further promote cascade retention and the enrichment of NPs within the cells. Furthermore, ROS generation and double strand breaks greatly promoted by NPs under irradiation (IR) could also provide an underlying basis for effective radiosensitizers. In vitro and in vivo investigations confirmed the as-synthesized NPs as an effective nano-radiosensitizer with ideal safety. More importantly, all moieties within the present nanosystem have been approved by FDA for the purpose of PCa treatment, thus making it highly attractive for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Guo
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhen-Hu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jing-Song Lu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wen-Sheng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qiu-Zi Zhong
- Department of Radiotherapy, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jian-Ye Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ling-Yun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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11
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Xu B, Chen H, Xu Z, Yao X, Sun X, Cheng H. CDCA2 promotes tumorigenesis and induces radioresistance in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:530. [PMID: 34036376 PMCID: PMC8170267 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell division cycle‑associated 2 (CDCA2) overexpression has been demonstrated to serve a significant role in tumorigenesis in certain types of cancer. Nevertheless, its role in tumour proliferation and radioresistance in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains to be elucidated. Thus, the present study aimed to elucidate these roles. Data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to compare the gene expression profiles. The expression of CDCA2 was higher in ESCC tissues compared with normal tissues. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed based on the ESCC cohorts in TCGA database. This demonstrated that higher expression of CDCA2 was significantly associated with the expression of related components of the cell cycle phase transition and G2/M phase transition pathways. Collectively, the results revealed that CDCA2 could serve as an underlying target to regulate tumour growth and radioresistance among patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xijuan Yao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xinchen Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Cheng
- Department of Synthetic Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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12
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Zhang X, Bobeica M, Unger M, Bednarz A, Gerold B, Patties I, Melzer A, Landgraf L. Focused ultrasound radiosensitizes human cancer cells by enhancement of DNA damage. Strahlenther Onkol 2021; 197:730-743. [PMID: 33885910 PMCID: PMC8292237 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-021-01774-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU/FUS) has expanded as a noninvasive quantifiable option for hyperthermia (HT). HT in a temperature range of 40–47 °C (thermal dose CEM43 ≥ 25) could work as a sensitizer to radiation therapy (RT). Here, we attempted to understand the tumor radiosensitization effect at the cellular level after a combination treatment of FUS+RT. Methods An in vitro FUS system was developed to induce HT at frequencies of 1.147 and 1.467 MHz. Human head and neck cancer (FaDU), glioblastoma (T98G), and prostate cancer (PC-3) cells were exposed to FUS in ultrasound-penetrable 96-well plates followed by single-dose X‑ray irradiation (10 Gy). Radiosensitizing effects of FUS were investigated by cell metabolic activity (WST‑1 assay), apoptosis (annexin V assay, sub-G1 assay), cell cycle phases (propidium iodide staining), and DNA double-strand breaks (γH2A.X assay). Results The FUS intensities of 213 (1.147 MHz) and 225 W/cm2 (1.467 MHz) induced HT for 30 min at mean temperatures of 45.20 ± 2.29 °C (CEM43 = 436 ± 88) and 45.59 ± 1.65 °C (CEM43 = 447 ± 79), respectively. FUS improves the effect of RT significantly by reducing metabolic activity in T98G cells 48 h (RT: 96.47 ± 8.29%; FUS+RT: 79.38 ± 14.93%; p = 0.012) and in PC-3 cells 72 h (54.20 ± 10.85%; 41.01 ± 11.17%; p = 0.016) after therapy, but not in FaDu cells. Mechanistically, FUS+RT leads to increased apoptosis and enhancement of DNA double-strand breaks compared to RT alone in T98G and PC-3 cells. Conclusion Our in vitro findings demonstrate that FUS has good potential to sensitize glioblastoma and prostate cancer cells to RT by mainly enhancing DNA damage. Supplementary Information The online version of this article (10.1007/s00066-021-01774-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Zhang
- Innovation Center Computer Assisted Surgery (ICCAS), University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstr. 14, Haus 14, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.
| | - Mariana Bobeica
- Institute for Medical Science and Technology (IMSaT), University of Dundee, Wilson House, 1 Wurzburg Loan, Dundee MediPark, Dundee, DD2 1FD, UK.,Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics ELI-NP, "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Street, Bucharest-Magurele, 077125, Romania
| | - Michael Unger
- Innovation Center Computer Assisted Surgery (ICCAS), University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstr. 14, Haus 14, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Anastasia Bednarz
- Innovation Center Computer Assisted Surgery (ICCAS), University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstr. 14, Haus 14, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Bjoern Gerold
- Institute for Medical Science and Technology (IMSaT), University of Dundee, Wilson House, 1 Wurzburg Loan, Dundee MediPark, Dundee, DD2 1FD, UK.,Theraclion, 102 Rue Etienne Dolet, Malakoff, 92240, France
| | - Ina Patties
- Innovation Center Computer Assisted Surgery (ICCAS), University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstr. 14, Haus 14, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Leipzig, Stephanstr. 9a, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Andreas Melzer
- Innovation Center Computer Assisted Surgery (ICCAS), University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstr. 14, Haus 14, Leipzig, 04103, Germany. .,Institute for Medical Science and Technology (IMSaT), University of Dundee, Wilson House, 1 Wurzburg Loan, Dundee MediPark, Dundee, DD2 1FD, UK.
| | - Lisa Landgraf
- Innovation Center Computer Assisted Surgery (ICCAS), University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstr. 14, Haus 14, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
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13
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Wei J, Montalvo-Ortiz W, Yu L, Krasco A, Ebstein S, Cortez C, Lowy I, Murphy AJ, Sleeman MA, Skokos D. Sequence of αPD-1 relative to local tumor irradiation determines the induction of abscopal antitumor immune responses. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:6/58/eabg0117. [PMID: 33837124 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abg0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although radiotherapy has been used for over a century to locally control tumor growth, alone it rarely induces an abscopal response or systemic antitumor immunity capable of inhibiting distal tumors outside of the irradiation field. Results from recent studies suggest that combining immune checkpoint blockades to radiotherapy may enhance abscopal activity. However, the treatment conditions and underlying immune mechanisms that consistently drive an abscopal response during radiation therapy combinations remain unknown. Here, we analyzed the antitumor responses at primary and distal tumor sites, demonstrating that the timing of αPD-1 antibody administration relative to radiotherapy determined the potency of the induced abscopal response. Blockade of the PD-1 pathway after local tumor irradiation resulted in the expansion of polyfunctional intratumoral CD8+ T cells, a decrease in intratumoral dysfunctional CD8+ T cells, expansion of reprogrammable CD8+ T cells, and induction of potent abscopal responses. However, administration of αPD-1 before irradiation almost completely abrogated systemic immunity, which associated with increased radiosensitivity and death of CD8+ T cells. The subsequent reduction of polyfunctional effector CD8+ T cells at the irradiated tumor site generated a suboptimal systemic antitumor response and the loss of abscopal responses. Therefore, this report maximizes the potential synergy between radiotherapy and αPD-1 immunotherapy, information that will benefit clinical combinations of radiotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Wei
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Welby Montalvo-Ortiz
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Lola Yu
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Amanda Krasco
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Sarah Ebstein
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Czrina Cortez
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Israel Lowy
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Matthew A Sleeman
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Dimitris Skokos
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA.
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14
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Peng S, Song R, Lin Q, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Luo M, Zhong Z, Xu X, Lu L, Yao S, Zhang F. A Robust Oxygen Microbubble Radiosensitizer for Iodine-125 Brachytherapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2002567. [PMID: 33854878 PMCID: PMC8025033 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Iodine-125 (125I) brachytherapy, a promising form of radiotherapy, is increasingly applied in the clinical treatment of a wide range of solid tumors. However, the extremely hypoxic microenvironment in solid tumors can cause hypoxia-induced radioresistance to 125I brachytherapy, resulting in therapeutic inefficacy. In this study, the aim is to sensitize hypoxic areas in solid tumors using ultrasound-activated oxygen microbubbles for 125I brachytherapy. A modified emulsion freeze-drying method is developed to prepare microbubbles that can be lyophilized for storage and easily reconstituted in situ before administration. The filling gas of the microbubbles is modified by the addition of sulfur hexafluoride to oxygen such that the obtained O2/SF6 microbubbles (OS MBs) achieve a much longer half-life (>3×) than that of oxygen microbubbles. The OS MBs are tested in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (CNE2) tumor-bearing mice and oxygen delivery by the OS MBs induced by ultrasound irradiation relieve hypoxia instantly. The post-treatment results of brachytherapy combined with the ultrasound-triggered OS MBs show a greatly improved therapeutic efficacy compared with brachytherapy alone, illustrating ultrasound-mediated oxygen delivery with the developed OS MBs as a promising strategy to improve the therapeutic outcome of 125I brachytherapy in hypoxic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Peng
- Department of UltrasoundSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhou510060P. R. China
| | - Ruyuan Song
- Bioengineering Graduate ProgramDepartment of Chemical and Biological EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong999077P. R. China
| | - Qingguang Lin
- Department of UltrasoundSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhou510060P. R. China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Department of Imaging and Interventional RadiologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhou510060P. R. China
| | - Yuanzhong Yang
- Department of PathologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhou510060P. R. China
| | - Ma Luo
- Department of Imaging and Interventional RadiologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhou510060P. R. China
| | - Zhihui Zhong
- Department of Imaging and Interventional RadiologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhou510060P. R. China
| | - Xiaonan Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong999077P. R. China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical CenterZhuhai Precision Medical CenterZhuhai People's HospitalZhuhai Hospital of Jinan UniversityZhuhai519000P. R. China
| | - Shuhuai Yao
- Bioengineering Graduate ProgramDepartment of Chemical and Biological EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong999077P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong999077P. R. China
| | - Fujun Zhang
- Department of Imaging and Interventional RadiologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhou510060P. R. China
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15
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Sapienza LG, Nasra K, Berry R, Danesh L, Little T, Abu-Isa E. Clinical effects of morning and afternoon radiotherapy on high-grade gliomas. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:732-741. [PMID: 33557650 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1880426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Initial clinical reports comparing the delivery of radiotherapy (RT) at distinct times of the day suggest that this strategy might affect toxicity and oncologic outcomes of radiation for multiple human tissues, but the clinical effects on high-grade gliomas (HGG) are unknown. The present study addresses the hypothesis that radiotherapy treatment time of the day (RT-TTD) influences outcome and/or toxic events in HGG. Patients treated between 2009-2018 were reviewed (n = 109). Outcomes were local control (LC), distant CNS control (DCNSC), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). RT-TTD was classified as morning if ≥50% of fractions were delivered before 12:00 h (n = 70) or as afternoon (n = 39) if after 12:00 h. The average age was 62.6 years (range: 14.5-86.9) and 80% were glioblastoma. The median follow-up was 10.9 months (range: 0.4-57.2). The 1y/3y LC, DCNSC, and PFS were: 61.3%/28.1%, 86.8%/65.2%, and 39.7%/10.2%, respectively. Equivalent PFS was found between morning and afternoon groups (HR 1.27; p = .3). The median OS was 16.5 months. Patients treated in the afternoon had worse survival in the univariate analysis (HR 1.72; p = .05), not confirmed after multivariate analysis (HR 0.92, p = .76). Patients with worse baseline performance status and treatment interruptions showed worse PFS and OS. The proportion of patients that developed grade 3 acute toxicity, pseudo progression, and definitive treatment interruptions were 10.1%, 9.2%, and 7.3%, respectively, and were not affected by RT-TTD. In conclusion, for patients with HGG, there was no difference in PFS and OS between patients treated in the morning or afternoon. Of note, definitive treatment interruptions adversely affected outcomes and should be avoided, especially in patients with low performance status. Based on these clinical findings, high-grade glioma cells may not be the best initial model to be irradiated in order to study the effects of chronotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Gomes Sapienza
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Karim Nasra
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine/Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, Michigan, USA
| | - Ryan Berry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Leana Danesh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Tania Little
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, MI, USA
| | - Eyad Abu-Isa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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16
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Fluctuation in radioresponse of HeLa cells during the cell cycle evaluated based on micronucleus frequency. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20873. [PMID: 33257719 PMCID: PMC7705701 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77969-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the fluctuation in radioresponse of HeLa cells during the cell cycle. For this purpose, we used HeLa cells expressing two types of fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicators (Fucci), HeLa-Fucci (CA)2 and HeLa-Fucci (SA), and combined this approach with the micronucleus (MN) assay to assess radioresponse. The Fucci system distinguishes cell cycle phases based on the colour of fluorescence and cell morphology under live conditions. Time-lapse imaging allowed us to further identify sub-positions within the G1 and S phases at the time of irradiation by two independent means, and to quantitate the number of MNs by following each cell through M phase until the next G1 phase. Notably, we found that radioresponse was low in late G1 phase, but rapidly increased in early S phase. It then decreased until late S phase and increased in G2 phase. For the first time, we demonstrated the unique fluctuation of radioresponse by the MN assay during the cell cycle in HeLa cells. We discuss the difference between previous clonogenic experiments using M phase-synchronised cell populations and ours, as well as the clinical implications of the present findings.
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17
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Yao T, Weng X, Yao Y, Huang C, Li J, Peng Y, Lin R, Lin Z. ALDH-1-positive cells exhibited a radioresistant phenotype that was enhanced with hypoxia in cervical cancer. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:891. [PMID: 32942996 PMCID: PMC7499852 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously found there was a small subpopulation of cells with cancer stem cell-like phenotype ALDH-1 in cervical cancer. Radiotherapy has been applied in most of the cervical cancer. However,the mechanisms underlying radioresistance still remained elusive. Our study is to explore whether ALDH+ cell promotes radioresistance by hypoxia. METHODS Cells were respectively cultured in hypoxia and normoxia environment and analyzed for marker stability, and cell cycle distribution. RESULTS Cell growth, apoptosis, cell cycle, sphere formation were affected by hypoxia. ALDH-1 and CHK2 were upregulated after hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS Here we show that ALDH-1 positive cells contribute to cervical carcinoma radioresistance through preferential activation of the DNA damage checkpoint response and an increase in DNA repair capacity. The fraction of these cells is enriched after radiation in cervical carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yao
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yan Jiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of malignant tumor gene regulation and target therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueling Weng
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yan Jiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Yao
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, 510520, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunxian Huang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yan Jiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yan Jiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongpai Peng
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yan Jiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongchun Lin
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yan Jiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhongqiu Lin
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yan Jiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Furukawa S, Nagamatsu A, Nenoi M, Fujimori A, Kakinuma S, Katsube T, Wang B, Tsuruoka C, Shirai T, Nakamura AJ, Sakaue-Sawano A, Miyawaki A, Harada H, Kobayashi M, Kobayashi J, Kunieda T, Funayama T, Suzuki M, Miyamoto T, Hidema J, Yoshida Y, Takahashi A. Space Radiation Biology for "Living in Space". BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4703286. [PMID: 32337251 PMCID: PMC7168699 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4703286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Space travel has advanced significantly over the last six decades with astronauts spending up to 6 months at the International Space Station. Nonetheless, the living environment while in outer space is extremely challenging to astronauts. In particular, exposure to space radiation represents a serious potential long-term threat to the health of astronauts because the amount of radiation exposure accumulates during their time in space. Therefore, health risks associated with exposure to space radiation are an important topic in space travel, and characterizing space radiation in detail is essential for improving the safety of space missions. In the first part of this review, we provide an overview of the space radiation environment and briefly present current and future endeavors that monitor different space radiation environments. We then present research evaluating adverse biological effects caused by exposure to various space radiation environments and how these can be reduced. We especially consider the deleterious effects on cellular DNA and how cells activate DNA repair mechanisms. The latest technologies being developed, e.g., a fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator, to measure real-time cell cycle progression and DNA damage caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation are presented. Progress in examining the combined effects of microgravity and radiation to animals and plants are summarized, and our current understanding of the relationship between psychological stress and radiation is presented. Finally, we provide details about protective agents and the study of organisms that are highly resistant to radiation and how their biological mechanisms may aid developing novel technologies that alleviate biological damage caused by radiation. Future research that furthers our understanding of the effects of space radiation on human health will facilitate risk-mitigating strategies to enable long-term space and planetary exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Furukawa
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
| | - Aiko Nagamatsu
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Nenoi
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Akira Fujimori
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kakinuma
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Takanori Katsube
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Bing Wang
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Chizuru Tsuruoka
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shirai
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Asako J. Nakamura
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1, Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
| | - Asako Sakaue-Sawano
- Lab for Cell Function and Dynamics, CBS, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyawaki
- Lab for Cell Function and Dynamics, CBS, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Harada
- Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Minoru Kobayashi
- Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Junya Kobayashi
- Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takekazu Kunieda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tomoo Funayama
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, QST, 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Michiyo Suzuki
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, QST, 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Miyamoto
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Jun Hidema
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
- Division for the Establishment of Frontier Sciences of the Organization for Advanced Studies, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yukari Yoshida
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Akihisa Takahashi
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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19
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Annede P, Cosset JM, Van Limbergen E, Deutsch E, Haie-Meder C, Chargari C. Radiobiology: Foundation and New Insights in Modeling Brachytherapy Effects. Semin Radiat Oncol 2020; 30:4-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Ulmer W. Aspects of linear energy transfer (LET) and relative biological effectiveness (RBE) in radiation therapy with positively charged particles and the role of electron capture. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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Krenning L, van den Berg J, Medema RH. Life or Death after a Break: What Determines the Choice? Mol Cell 2019; 76:346-358. [PMID: 31561953 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) pose a constant threat to genomic integrity. Such DSBs need to be repaired to preserve homeostasis at both the cellular and organismal levels. Hence, the DNA damage response (DDR) has evolved to repair these lesions and limit their toxicity. The initiation of DNA repair depends on the activation of the DDR, and we know that the strength of DDR signaling may differentially affect cellular viability. However, we do not fully understand what determines the cytotoxicity of a DSB. Recent work has identified genomic location, (in)correct DNA repair pathway usage, and cell-cycle position as contributors to DSB-induced cytotoxicity. In this review, we discuss how these determinants affect cytotoxicity, highlight recent discoveries, and identify open questions that could help to improve our understanding about cell fate decisions after a DNA DSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenno Krenning
- Division of Cell Biology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van den Berg
- Division of Cell Biology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - René H Medema
- Division of Cell Biology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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22
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Jung SY, Nam KY, Park JI, Song KH, Ahn J, Park JK, Um HD, Hwang SG, Choi SU, Song JY. Radiosensitizing Effect of Novel Phenylpyrimidine Derivatives on Human Lung Cancer Cells via Cell Cycle Perturbation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 370:514-527. [PMID: 31253693 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.257717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the most common treatments for cancer, but radioresistance and injury to normal tissue are considered major obstacles to successful radiotherapy. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop radiosensitizers to improve the therapeutic outcomes of radiotherapy in cancer patients. Our previous efforts to identify novel radiosensitizers, using high-throughput screening targeting p53 and Nrf2 revealed a promising N-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine (PPA) lead compound. In the present study, 17 derivatives of this lead compound were examined, and it was found that 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-(4-nitrophenyl)-6-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine (PPA5), 4-((4-(4-fluorophenyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)-3-methoxy-N-methyl -benzamide (PPA13), 4-((4-(4-fluorophenyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)benzenesulfonamide (PPA14), 4-((4-(2-chlorophenyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)benzenesulfonamide (PPA15), and 4-((4-(2-chlorophenyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)-N-methylbenzamide (PPA17) inhibited cell viability by more than 50%, with a marked increase in the proportion of cells arrested at the G2/M phase of cell cycle. Among these compounds, PPA15 markedly increased the sub-G1 cell population and increased the levels of cyclin B1 and the phosphorylation levels of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 1. Combined treatment with radiation and PPA14 or PPA15 significantly decreased clonogenic survival. An in vitro kinase assay revealed that PPA15 inhibited multiple CDKs involved in cell cycle regulation. Compared with drug or radiation treatment alone, combined treatment with PPA15 and radiation resulted in the suppression of A549 tumor growth in mice by 59.5% and 52.7%, respectively. Treatment with PPA15 alone directly inhibited tumor growth by 25.7%. These findings suggest that the novel pan CDK inhibitor, PPA15, may be a promising treatment to improve the effectiveness of radiotherapy for the treatment of cancer. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Several inhibitors of CDK have been successfully evaluated in combination with other chemotherapeutics in clinical trials, but negative side effects have partially restricted their clinical use. In this study, we identified a novel pan-CDK inhibitor to increase radiosensitivity, and we hope this work will encourage the development of promising small-molecule radiosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Youn Jung
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-Y.J., J.-I.P., K.-H.S., J.A., J.K.P., H.-D.U., S.-G.H., J.-Y.S.); Research Center, Pharos I&BT Co., Ltd., Anyang, Republic of Korea (K.-Y.N.); Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.-H.S.); and Bio and Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (S.U.C.)
| | - Ky-Youb Nam
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-Y.J., J.-I.P., K.-H.S., J.A., J.K.P., H.-D.U., S.-G.H., J.-Y.S.); Research Center, Pharos I&BT Co., Ltd., Anyang, Republic of Korea (K.-Y.N.); Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.-H.S.); and Bio and Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (S.U.C.)
| | - Jeong-In Park
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-Y.J., J.-I.P., K.-H.S., J.A., J.K.P., H.-D.U., S.-G.H., J.-Y.S.); Research Center, Pharos I&BT Co., Ltd., Anyang, Republic of Korea (K.-Y.N.); Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.-H.S.); and Bio and Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (S.U.C.)
| | - Kyung-Hee Song
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-Y.J., J.-I.P., K.-H.S., J.A., J.K.P., H.-D.U., S.-G.H., J.-Y.S.); Research Center, Pharos I&BT Co., Ltd., Anyang, Republic of Korea (K.-Y.N.); Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.-H.S.); and Bio and Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (S.U.C.)
| | - Jiyeon Ahn
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-Y.J., J.-I.P., K.-H.S., J.A., J.K.P., H.-D.U., S.-G.H., J.-Y.S.); Research Center, Pharos I&BT Co., Ltd., Anyang, Republic of Korea (K.-Y.N.); Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.-H.S.); and Bio and Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (S.U.C.)
| | - Jong Kuk Park
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-Y.J., J.-I.P., K.-H.S., J.A., J.K.P., H.-D.U., S.-G.H., J.-Y.S.); Research Center, Pharos I&BT Co., Ltd., Anyang, Republic of Korea (K.-Y.N.); Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.-H.S.); and Bio and Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (S.U.C.)
| | - Hong-Duck Um
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-Y.J., J.-I.P., K.-H.S., J.A., J.K.P., H.-D.U., S.-G.H., J.-Y.S.); Research Center, Pharos I&BT Co., Ltd., Anyang, Republic of Korea (K.-Y.N.); Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.-H.S.); and Bio and Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (S.U.C.)
| | - Sang-Gu Hwang
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-Y.J., J.-I.P., K.-H.S., J.A., J.K.P., H.-D.U., S.-G.H., J.-Y.S.); Research Center, Pharos I&BT Co., Ltd., Anyang, Republic of Korea (K.-Y.N.); Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.-H.S.); and Bio and Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (S.U.C.)
| | - Sang Un Choi
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-Y.J., J.-I.P., K.-H.S., J.A., J.K.P., H.-D.U., S.-G.H., J.-Y.S.); Research Center, Pharos I&BT Co., Ltd., Anyang, Republic of Korea (K.-Y.N.); Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.-H.S.); and Bio and Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (S.U.C.)
| | - Jie-Young Song
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-Y.J., J.-I.P., K.-H.S., J.A., J.K.P., H.-D.U., S.-G.H., J.-Y.S.); Research Center, Pharos I&BT Co., Ltd., Anyang, Republic of Korea (K.-Y.N.); Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.-H.S.); and Bio and Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (S.U.C.)
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23
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Salinas-Asensio MM, Ríos-Arrabal S, Artacho-Cordón F, Olivares-Urbano MA, Calvente I, León J, Núñez MI. Exploring the radiosensitizing potential of magnetotherapy: a pilot study in breast cancer cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:1337-1345. [PMID: 31140889 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1619951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To explore the influence of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on the cell cycle progression of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines and to evaluate the radiosensitizing effect of magnetotherapy during therapeutic co-exposure to EMFs and radiotherapy. Material and methods: Cells were exposed to EMFs (25, 50 and 100 Hz; 8 and 10 mT). In the co-treatment, cells were first exposed to EMFs (50 Hz/10 mT) for 30 min and then to ionizing radiation (IR) (2 Gy) 4 h later. Cell cycle progression and free radical production were evaluated by flow cytometry, while radiosensitivity was explored by colony formation assay. Results: Generalized G1-phase arrest was found in both cell lines several hours after EMF exposure. Interestingly, a marked G1-phase delay was observed at 4 h after exposure to 50 Hz/10 mT EMFs. No cell cycle perturbation was observed after repeated exposure to EMFs. IR-derived ROS production was enhanced in EMF-exposed MCF-7 cells at 24 h post-exposure. EMF-exposed cells were more radiosensitive in comparison to sham-exposed cells. Conclusions: These results highlight the potential benefits of concomitant treatment with magnetotherapy before radiotherapy sessions to enhance the effectiveness of breast cancer therapy. Further studies are warranted to identify the subset(s) of patients who would benefit from this multimodal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Ríos-Arrabal
- Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, University of Granada , Granada , Spain.,Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada ibs.GRANADA , Granada , Spain
| | - F Artacho-Cordón
- Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, University of Granada , Granada , Spain.,Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada ibs.GRANADA , Granada , Spain
| | - M A Olivares-Urbano
- Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, University of Granada , Granada , Spain.,Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada ibs.GRANADA , Granada , Spain
| | - I Calvente
- Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, University of Granada , Granada , Spain.,Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada ibs.GRANADA , Granada , Spain
| | - J León
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada ibs.GRANADA , Granada , Spain.,Digestive Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital , Granada , Spain.,CIBER of Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD) , Madrid , Spain
| | - M I Núñez
- Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, University of Granada , Granada , Spain.,Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada ibs.GRANADA , Granada , Spain.,CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP) , Madrid , Spain.,Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER) , University of Granada, Granada , Spain
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24
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Bourillon L, Bourgier C, Gaborit N, Garambois V, Llès E, Zampieri A, Ogier C, Jarlier M, Radosevic-Robin N, Orsetti B, Delpech H, Theillet C, Colombo PE, Azria D, Pèlegrin A, Larbouret C, Chardès T. An auristatin-based antibody-drug conjugate targeting HER3 enhances the radiation response in pancreatic cancer. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:1838-1851. [PMID: 30882895 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive cancer characterized by poor response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy due to the lack of efficient therapeutic tools and early diagnostic markers. We previously generated the nonligand competing anti-HER3 antibody 9F7-F11 that binds to pancreatic tumor cells and induces tumor regression in vivo in experimental models. Here, we asked whether coupling 9F7-F11 with a radiosensitizer, such as monomethylauristatin E (MMAE), by using the antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) technology could improve radiation therapy efficacy in PDAC. We found that the MMAE-based HER3 antibody-drug conjugate (HER3-ADC) was efficiently internalized in tumor cells, increased the fraction of cells arrested in G2/M, which is the most radiosensitive phase of the cell cycle, and promoted programmed cell death of irradiated HER3-positive pancreatic cancer cells (BxPC3 and HPAC cell lines). HER3-ADC decreased the clonogenic survival of irradiated cells by increasing DNA double-strand break formation (based on γH2AX level), and by modulating DNA damage repair. Tumor radiosensitization with HER3-ADC favored the inhibition of the AKT-induced survival pathway, together with more efficient caspase 3/PARP-mediated apoptosis. Incubation with HER3-ADC before irradiation synergistically reduced the phosphorylation of STAT3, which is involved in chemoradiation resistance. In vivo, the combination of HER3-ADC with radiation therapy increased the overall survival of mice harboring BxPC3, HPAC cell xenografts or patient-derived xenografts, and reduced proliferation (KI67-positive cells). Combining auristatin radiosensitizer delivery via an HER3-ADC with radiotherapy is a new promising therapeutic strategy in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bourillon
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Bourgier
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298, Montpellier, France.,Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Nadège Gaborit
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Véronique Garambois
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Eva Llès
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandre Zampieri
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Charline Ogier
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Marta Jarlier
- Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Nina Radosevic-Robin
- Department of Biopathology, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Center and INSERM/UCA UMR 1240, 63011, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Béatrice Orsetti
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Hélène Delpech
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Charles Theillet
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Colombo
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298, Montpellier, France.,Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - David Azria
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298, Montpellier, France.,Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - André Pèlegrin
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Christel Larbouret
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Chardès
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298, Montpellier, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
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25
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Metsälä O, Kreutzer J, Högel H, Miikkulainen P, Kallio P, Jaakkola PM. Transportable system enabling multiple irradiation studies under simultaneous hypoxia in vitro. Radiat Oncol 2018; 13:220. [PMID: 30424810 PMCID: PMC6234660 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-018-1169-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cells in solid tumours are variably hypoxic and hence resistant to radiotherapy - the essential role of oxygen in the efficiency of irradiation has been acknowledged for decades. However, the currently available methods for performing hypoxic experiments in vitro have several limitations, such as a limited amount of parallel experiments, incapability of keeping stable growth conditions and dependence on CO2 incubator or a hypoxia workstation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usability of a novel portable system (Minihypoxy) in performing in vitro irradiation studies under hypoxia, and present supporting biological data. Materials and methods This study was conducted on cancer cell cultures in vitro. The cells were cultured in normoxic (~ 21% O2) or in hypoxic (1% O2) conditions either in conventional hypoxia workstation or in the Minihypoxy system and irradiated at dose rate 1.28 Gy/min ± 2.9%. The control samples were sham irradiated. To study the effects of hypoxia and irradiation on cell viability and DNA damage, western blotting, immunostainings and clonogenic assay were used. The oxygen level, pH, evaporation rate and osmolarity of the culturing media on cell cultures in different conditions were followed. Results The oxygen concentration in interest (5, 1 or 0% O2) was maintained inside the individual culturing chambers of the Minihypoxy system also during the irradiation. The radiosensitivity of the cells cultured in Minihypoxy chambers was declined measured as lower phosphorylation rate of H2A.X and increased clonogenic capacity compared to controls (OER~ 3). Conclusions The Minihypoxy system allows continuous control of hypoxic environment in multiple wells and is transportable. Furthermore, the system maintains the low oxygen environment inside the individual culturing chambers during the transportation and irradiation in experiments which are typically conducted in separate facilities. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13014-018-1169-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olli Metsälä
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, FIN-20520, Turku, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FIN-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Joose Kreutzer
- BioMediTech, Institute and Faculty of Biosciences and Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, FIN-33720, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heidi Högel
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, FIN-20520, Turku, Finland. .,Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FIN-20521, Turku, Finland.
| | - Petra Miikkulainen
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, FIN-20520, Turku, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FIN-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Pasi Kallio
- BioMediTech, Institute and Faculty of Biosciences and Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, FIN-33720, Tampere, Finland
| | - Panu M Jaakkola
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, FIN-20520, Turku, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FIN-20520, Turku, Finland.,Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 4, FIN-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
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26
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Borran AA, Aghanejad A, Farajollahi A, Barar J, Omidi Y. Gold nanoparticles for radiosensitizing and imaging of cancer cells. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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27
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Tachon G, Cortes U, Guichet PO, Rivet P, Balbous A, Masliantsev K, Berger A, Boissonnade O, Wager M, Karayan-Tapon L. Cell Cycle Changes after Glioblastoma Stem Cell Irradiation: The Major Role of RAD51. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103018. [PMID: 30282933 PMCID: PMC6213228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
“Glioma Stem Cells” (GSCs) are known to play a role in glioblastoma (GBM) recurrence. Homologous recombination (HR) defects and cell cycle checkpoint abnormalities can contribute concurrently to the radioresistance of GSCs. DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51) is a crucial protein for HR and its inhibition has been shown to sensitize GSCs to irradiation. The aim of this study was to examine the consequences of ionizing radiation (IR) for cell cycle progression in GSCs. In addition, we intended to assess the potential effect of RAD51 inhibition on cell cycle progression. Five radiosensitive GSC lines and five GSC lines that were previously characterized as radioresistant were exposed to 4Gy IR, and cell cycle analysis was done by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h with or without RAD51 inhibitor. Following 4Gy IR, all GSC lines presented a significant increase in G2 phase at 24 h, which was maintained over 72 h. In the presence of RAD51 inhibitor, radioresistant GSCs showed delayed G2 arrest post-irradiation for up to 48 h. This study demonstrates that all GSCs can promote G2 arrest in response to radiation-induced DNA damage. However, following RAD51 inhibition, the cell cycle checkpoint response differed. This study contributes to the characterization of the radioresistance mechanisms of GSCs, thereby supporting the rationale of targeting RAD51-dependent repair pathways in view of radiosensitizing GSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaelle Tachon
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques (LNEC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1084, Université de Poitiers, F-86073 Poitiers, France.
- Département de Cancérologie Biologique, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Poitiers, F-86021 Poitiers, France.
- Faculté de Médecine-Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, F-86021 Poitiers, France.
| | - Ulrich Cortes
- Département de Cancérologie Biologique, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Poitiers, F-86021 Poitiers, France.
| | - Pierre-Olivier Guichet
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques (LNEC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1084, Université de Poitiers, F-86073 Poitiers, France.
- Département de Cancérologie Biologique, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Poitiers, F-86021 Poitiers, France.
| | - Pierre Rivet
- Département de Cancérologie Biologique, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Poitiers, F-86021 Poitiers, France.
| | - Anais Balbous
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques (LNEC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1084, Université de Poitiers, F-86073 Poitiers, France.
- Département de Cancérologie Biologique, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Poitiers, F-86021 Poitiers, France.
| | - Konstantin Masliantsev
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques (LNEC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1084, Université de Poitiers, F-86073 Poitiers, France.
- Département de Cancérologie Biologique, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Poitiers, F-86021 Poitiers, France.
- Faculté de Médecine-Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, F-86021 Poitiers, France.
| | - Antoine Berger
- Département d'Oncologie Radiothérapie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Poitiers, F-86021 Poitiers, France.
| | - Odile Boissonnade
- Département d'Oncologie Radiothérapie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Poitiers, F-86021 Poitiers, France.
| | - Michel Wager
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques (LNEC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1084, Université de Poitiers, F-86073 Poitiers, France.
- Faculté de Médecine-Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, F-86021 Poitiers, France.
- Département de Neurochirurgie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Poitiers, F-86021 Poitiers, France.
| | - Lucie Karayan-Tapon
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques (LNEC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1084, Université de Poitiers, F-86073 Poitiers, France.
- Département de Cancérologie Biologique, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Poitiers, F-86021 Poitiers, France.
- Faculté de Médecine-Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, F-86021 Poitiers, France.
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Szymonowicz K, Oeck S, Malewicz NM, Jendrossek V. New Insights into Protein Kinase B/Akt Signaling: Role of Localized Akt Activation and Compartment-Specific Target Proteins for the Cellular Radiation Response. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10030078. [PMID: 29562639 PMCID: PMC5876653 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10030078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic alterations driving aberrant activation of the survival kinase Protein Kinase B (Akt) are observed with high frequency during malignant transformation and cancer progression. Oncogenic gene mutations coding for the upstream regulators or Akt, e.g., growth factor receptors, RAS and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), or for one of the three Akt isoforms as well as loss of the tumor suppressor Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog on Chromosome Ten (PTEN) lead to constitutive activation of Akt. By activating Akt, these genetic alterations not only promote growth, proliferation and malignant behavior of cancer cells by phosphorylation of various downstream signaling molecules and signaling nodes but can also contribute to chemo- and radioresistance in many types of tumors. Here we review current knowledge on the mechanisms dictating Akt’s activation and target selection including the involvement of miRNAs and with focus on compartmentalization of the signaling network. Moreover, we discuss recent advances in the cross-talk with DNA damage response highlighting nuclear Akt target proteins with potential involvement in the regulation of DNA double strand break repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Szymonowicz
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen Medical School, 45122 Essen, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Oeck
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen Medical School, 45122 Essen, Germany.
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Nathalie M Malewicz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen Medical School, 45122 Essen, Germany.
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Vargas A. Radiotherapy in nonmelanoma skin cancer: Radiosensitivity, radioresistance and radiocurability. In regard to Gracia-Cazaña et al. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2017; 108:492-493. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Vargas A. Radiotherapy in nonmelanoma skin cancer: Radiosensitivity, radioresistance and radiocurability. In regard to Gracia-Cazaña et al. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2016.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Does the Time of Radiotherapy Affect Treatment Outcomes? A Review of the Literature. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2017; 29:231-238. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Dorn P, Tièche CC, Peng RW, Froment L, Schmid RA, Marti TM. Schedule-dependent increased efficiency of pemetrexed-ionizing radiation combination therapy elicits a differential DNA damage response in lung cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2016; 16:66. [PMID: 27594806 PMCID: PMC5010745 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0346-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer causes the most cancer deaths worldwide, thus there is a urgent need to develop new treatment options. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy has become a common strategy for the treatment of non-resectable solid tumors including non-small cell lung cancer. Pemetrexed is a folic acid antagonist that inhibits the synthesis of precursor nucleotides, whereas ionizing radiation induces DNA damage, the repair of which is dependent on sufficiently high nucleotide levels. In the clinical setting, the pemetrexed-ionizing radiation combination therapy is administered concomitantly. We hypothesized that prolonged pretreatment with pemetrexed could be beneficial, as prior depletion of nucleotide pools could sensitize cancer cells to subsequent irradiation. METHODS Non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells were treated with 1 µM pemetrexed for 72 h. In addition, cells were exposed to five gray ionizing radiation either 1, 48 or 71 h after the initiation of the pemetrexed treatment. Cell growth, senescence induction, cell cycle distribution and DNA damage marker accumulation were analysed at different time points during the treatment and the recovery phase. RESULTS Stand-alone treatments of five gray ionizing radiation and 1 µM pemetrexed resulted in an intermediate cell growth inhibition of A549 cells and were therefore applied as the combination regimen. Prolonged pemetrexed pretreatment for 71 h resulted in a significant S-phase accumulation. Irradiation and prolonged pemetrexed pretreatment maximally delayed long term cell growth. Additionally, senescence was augmented and recovery from treatment-induced DNA damage was most prominently delayed by prolonged pemetrexed pretreatment. CONCLUSIONS Pretreatment with pemetrexed increases anticancer efficiency of pemetrexed-ionizing radiation combination therapy, which correlates with a persistence of treatment-induced DNA damage. Therefore, this study warrants further investigations to elucidate whether a similar adaptation to the standard treatment regimen could enhance the effectiveness of the non-small cell lung cancer clinical treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Dorn
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008 Bern, Switzerland ; Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Colin Charles Tièche
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008 Bern, Switzerland ; Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ren-Wang Peng
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008 Bern, Switzerland ; Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laurène Froment
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008 Bern, Switzerland ; Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Alexander Schmid
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008 Bern, Switzerland ; Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Michael Marti
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008 Bern, Switzerland ; Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Cell-cycle-controlled radiation therapy was effective for treating a murine malignant melanoma cell line in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30689. [PMID: 27480052 PMCID: PMC4969753 DOI: 10.1038/srep30689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a commonly used regimen for treating various types of intractable cancers, although the effects depend on the cell cycle of the targeted cancer cell lines, and for irradiation purposes it is therefore critical to establish a protocol for controlling the cell cycle. Here, we showed that a common murine melanoma cell line B16BL6 was more vulnerable to irradiation during the early S phase, and that synchronisation of the cell cycle greatly increased the therapeutic effects of radiotherapy. Cell-sorting experiments, according to cell-cycle phase, using B16BL6 cells demonstrated that cells in the early S phase were the most susceptible to radiotherapy. Gemcitabine, a clinically utilised anti-cancer drug, induced cell-cycle arrest during the early S phase in B16BL6 cells, and thus a synergistic therapeutic effect was observed when irradiation was administered at the right time. Human pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1 exhibited similar properties to B16BL6 in terms of its radiosensitivity during the S/G2/M phase and also demonstrated a synergistic effect of cell cycle synchronisation. These results show the importance of cell-cycle control in the application of irradiation and suggest a suitable time interval between chemotherapy and radiotherapy, as well as providing useful information for treating intractable cancer.
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Ishihara S, Yasuda M, Ishizu A, Ishikawa M, Shirato H, Haga H. Activating transcription factor 5 enhances radioresistance and malignancy in cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:4602-14. [PMID: 25682872 PMCID: PMC4467102 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is effective for treating various types of tumors. However, some cancer cells survive after irradiation and repopulate tumors with highly malignant phenotypes that correlate with poor prognosis. It is not known how cancer cells survive and generate malignant tumors after irradiation. Here, we show that activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) promotes radioresistance and malignancy in cancer cells after irradiation. In the G1-S phase of the cell cycle, cancer cells express high levels of ATF5, which promotes cell cycle progression and thereby increases radioresistance. Furthermore, ATF5 increases malignant phenotypes, such as cell growth and invasiveness, in cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. We have identified a new mechanism for the regeneration of highly malignant tumors after irradiation and shown that ATF5 plays a key role in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichiro Ishihara
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.,Research Center for Cooperative Projects, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Motoaki Yasuda
- Department of Oral Pathobiological Science, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ishizu
- Division of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Masayori Ishikawa
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shirato
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Hisashi Haga
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.,Research Center for Cooperative Projects, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
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Okuyama K, Kaida A, Hayashi Y, Hayashi Y, Harada K, Miura M. KPU-300, a Novel Benzophenone-Diketopiperazine-Type Anti-Microtubule Agent with a 2-Pyridyl Structure, Is a Potent Radiosensitizer That Synchronizes the Cell Cycle in Early M Phase. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145995. [PMID: 26716455 PMCID: PMC4696839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
KPU-300 is a novel colchicine-type anti-microtubule agent derived from plinabulin (NPI-2358). We characterized the effects of KPU-300 on cell cycle kinetics and radiosensitization using HeLa cells expressing the fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (Fucci). Cells treated with 30 nM KPU-300 for 24 h were efficiently synchronized in M phase and contained clearly detectable abnormal Fucci fluorescence. Two-dimensional flow-cytometric analysis revealed a fraction of cells distinct from the normal Fucci fluorescence pattern. Most of these cells were positive for an M phase marker, the phosphorylated form of histone H3. Cells growing in spheroids responded similarly to the drug, and the inner quiescent fraction also responded after recruitment to the growth fraction. When such drug-treated cells were irradiated in monolayer, a remarkable radiosensitization was observed. To determine whether this radiosensitization was truly due to the synchronization in M phase, we compared the radiosensitivity of cells synchronized by KPU-300 treatment and cells in early M phase isolated by a combined method that took advantage of shake-off and the properties of the Fucci system. Following normalization against the surviving fraction of cells treated with KPU-300 alone, the surviving fractions of cells irradiated in early M phase coincided. Taken together with potential vascular disrupting function in vivo, we propose a novel radiosensitizing strategy using KPU-300.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Okuyama
- Section of Oral Radiation Oncology, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113–8549, Japan
- Section of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Maxillofacial and Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113–8549, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kaida
- Section of Oral Radiation Oncology, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113–8549, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Hayashi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432–1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192–0392, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hayashi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432–1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192–0392, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Harada
- Section of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Maxillofacial and Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113–8549, Japan
| | - Masahiko Miura
- Section of Oral Radiation Oncology, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113–8549, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Hattori Y, Yokoya A, Watanabe R. Cellular automaton-based model for radiation-induced bystander effects. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2015; 9:90. [PMID: 26642882 PMCID: PMC4672575 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-015-0235-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The radiation-induced bystander effect is a biological response observed in non-irradiated cells surrounding an irradiated cell. The bystander effect is known to be induced by two intercellular signaling pathways, the medium-mediated pathway (MDP) and the gap junctional pathway (GJP). To investigate the relative contribution of each signaling pathway, we have developed a mathematical model of the cellular response through these two pathways, with a particular focus on cell-cycle modification. METHODS The model is based on a cellular automaton and consists of four components: (1) irradiation, (2) generation and diffusion of intercellular signals, (3) induction of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), and (4) cell-cycle modification or cell death. The intercellular signals are generated in and released from irradiated cells. The signals through the MDP and the GJP are modeled independently based on diffusion equations. The irradiation and both signals raise the number of DSBs, which determines transitions of cellular states, such as cell-cycle arrest or cell death. RESULTS Our model reproduced fairly well previously reported experimental data on the number of DSBs and cell survival curves. We examined how radiation dose and intercellular signaling dynamically affect the cell cycle. The analysis of model dynamics for the bystander cells revealed that the number of arrested cells did not increase linearly with dose. Arrested cells were more efficiently accumulated by the GJP than by the MDP. CONCLUSIONS We present here a mathematical model that integrates various bystander responses, such as MDP and GJP signaling, DSB induction, cell-cycle arrest, and cell death. Because it simulates spatial and temporal conditions of irradiation and cellular characteristics, our model will be a powerful tool to predict dynamical radiobiological responses of a cellular population in which irradiated and non-irradiated cells co-exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Hattori
- Research Group for Radiation Effect Analysis, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4, Shirakata Shirane, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan.
| | - Akinari Yokoya
- Research Group for Radiation and Biomolecular Science, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan.
| | - Ritsuko Watanabe
- Research Group for Radiation Effect Analysis, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4, Shirakata Shirane, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan.
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Shukla HD, Mahmood J, Vujaskovic Z. Integrated proteo-genomic approach for early diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. Cancer Lett 2015; 369:28-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Narita A, Kaminaga K, Yokoya A, Noguchi M, Kobayashi K, Usami N, Fujii K. Real-time observation of irradiated HeLa-cell modified by fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell-cycle indicator using synchrotron X-ray microbeam. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2015; 166:192-196. [PMID: 25870438 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncv156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell-cycle indicator (FUCCI) human cancer (HeLa) cells (red indicates G1; green, S/G2) were exposed to a synchrotron X-ray microbeam. Cells in either G1 or S/G2 were irradiated selectively according to their colour in the same microscopic field. Time-lapse micrographs of the irradiated cells were acquired for 24 h after irradiation. For fluorescent immunostaining, phosphorylated histone proteins (γ-H2AX) indicated the induction of DNA double-strand breaks. The cell cycle was arrested by irradiation at S/G2. In contrast, cells irradiated at G1 progressed to S/G2. The foci were induced in cells irradiated at both G1 and S/G2, suggesting that the G1-S (or S) checkpoint pathway does not function in HeLa cells due to the fact that the cells are functionally p53 deficient, even though X-ray microbeam irradiation significantly induces double-strand breaks. These results demonstrate that single FUCCI cell exposure and live cell imaging are powerful methods for studying the effects of radiation on the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Narita
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
| | - K Kaminaga
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata-Shirane, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - A Yokoya
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata-Shirane, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - M Noguchi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
| | - K Kobayashi
- Photon Factory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - N Usami
- Photon Factory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - K Fujii
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata-Shirane, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
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Biau J, Chautard E, Miroir J, Lapeyre M. [Radioresistance parameters in head and neck cancers and methods to radiosensitize]. Cancer Radiother 2015; 19:337-46; quiz 360-1, 363. [PMID: 26119219 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck cancers have been widely studied concerning their sensitivity to radiation therapy. Several parameters affect tumour response to radiation therapy. Some parameters are linked to the tumour. Large or invasive tumours, localization, such as oral cavity or adenopathy, are factors of radioresistance. Others parameters are linked to the patients themselves. Tobacco intoxication during radiotherapy and a low hemoglobin level contribute to radioresistance. More recently, a positive human papilloma virus (HPV) status has been reported to positively affect radiosensitivity. Finally, other parameters are related to tumour biology. Hypoxia, intrinsic radiosensitivity of tumour cells, tumour differentiation and repopulation (provided by Ki-67 index or EGFR level) are components of radiosensitivity. Currently, concurrent chemoradiotherapy is one of the gold standard treatments to overcome clinical outcome of locally advanced head and neck cancer. This combination increases locoregional control and survival. Taxane-based induction chemotherapy can also be an alternative. Another validated approach is the association of radiotherapy with cetuximab (EGFR targeting) but only one randomized study has been published. Fractionation modifications, especially hyperfractionation, have given positive results on both tumour control and survival. Strategies targeting hypoxia improve locoregional control but have less clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Biau
- Département de radiothérapie, centre Jean-Perrin, 58, rue Montalembert, BP 5026, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 1, France; EA7283 Cancer Resistance Exploring and Targeting (CREAT), Clermont université, université d'Auvergne, 49, boulevard François-Mitterrand, CS 60032, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 1, France; Équipe recombinaison, réparation et cancer, UMR 3347, CNRS, centre universitaire, 91405 Orsay cedex, France; Inserm U1021, centre universitaire, 91405 Orsay cedex, France; Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - E Chautard
- Département de radiothérapie, centre Jean-Perrin, 58, rue Montalembert, BP 5026, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 1, France; EA7283 Cancer Resistance Exploring and Targeting (CREAT), Clermont université, université d'Auvergne, 49, boulevard François-Mitterrand, CS 60032, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 1, France
| | - J Miroir
- Département de radiothérapie, centre Jean-Perrin, 58, rue Montalembert, BP 5026, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 1, France
| | - M Lapeyre
- Département de radiothérapie, centre Jean-Perrin, 58, rue Montalembert, BP 5026, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 1, France
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Tsuchida E, Kaida A, Pratama E, Ikeda MA, Suzuki K, Harada K, Miura M. Effect of X-Irradiation at Different Stages in the Cell Cycle on Individual Cell-Based Kinetics in an Asynchronous Cell Population. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128090. [PMID: 26086724 PMCID: PMC4472673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using an asynchronously growing cell population, we investigated how X-irradiation at different stages of the cell cycle influences individual cell–based kinetics. To visualize the cell-cycle phase, we employed the fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (Fucci). After 5 Gy irradiation, HeLa cells no longer entered M phase in an order determined by their previous stage of the cell cycle, primarily because green phase (S and G2) was less prolonged in cells irradiated during the red phase (G1) than in those irradiated during the green phase. Furthermore, prolongation of the green phase in cells irradiated during the red phase gradually increased as the irradiation timing approached late G1 phase. The results revealed that endoreduplication rarely occurs in this cell line under the conditions we studied. We next established a method for classifying the green phase into early S, mid S, late S, and G2 phases at the time of irradiation, and then attempted to estimate the duration of G2 arrest based on certain assumptions. The value was the largest when cells were irradiated in mid or late S phase and the smallest when they were irradiated in G1 phase. In this study, by closely following individual cells irradiated at different cell-cycle phases, we revealed for the first time the unique cell-cycle kinetics in HeLa cells that follow irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Tsuchida
- Section of Oral Radiation Oncology, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113–8549, Japan
- Section of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Maxillofacial and Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113–8549, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kaida
- Section of Oral Radiation Oncology, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113–8549, Japan
| | - Endrawan Pratama
- Section of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113–8549, Japan
| | - Masa-Aki Ikeda
- Section of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113–8549, Japan
| | - Keiji Suzuki
- Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852–8523, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Harada
- Section of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Maxillofacial and Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113–8549, Japan
| | - Masahiko Miura
- Section of Oral Radiation Oncology, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113–8549, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Li N, Sun M, Wang Y, Lv Y, Hu Z, Cao W, Zheng J, Jiao X. Effect of cell cycle phase on the sensitivity of SAS cells to sonodynamic therapy using low-intensity ultrasound combined with 5-aminolevulinic acid in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:3177-83. [PMID: 25955510 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) can effectively inhibit various types of tumor in vitro and in vivo. However, the association between the efficacy of SDT and the phase of the cell cycle remains to be elucidated. 5-ALA may generate different quantities of sonosensitizer, protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), in different phases of the cell cycle, which may result in differences in sensitivity to 5-ALA-induced SDT. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the cell cycle on the susceptibility of SAS cells to SDT following synchronization to different cell cycle phases. These results indicates that the rates of cell death and apoptosis of the SAS cells in the S and G2/M phases were significantly higher following SDT, compared with those in the G1-phase cells and unsynchronized cells, with a corresponding increase in PpIX in the S and G2/M cells. In addition, the expression of caspase-3 increased, while that of B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2 decreased markedly in theS and G2/M cells following SDT. Cyclin A was also expressed at higher levels in the S and G2/M cells, compared with the G1-phase cells. SDT also caused a significant upregulation of cyclin A in all phases of the cell cycle, however this was most marked in the S and G2/M cells. It was hypothesized that high expression levels of cyclin A in the S and G2/M cells may promote the induction of caspase-3 and reduce the induction of Bcl-2 by SDT and, therefore, enhance apoptosis. Taken together, these data demonstrated that cells in The S and G2/M phases generate more intracellular PpIX, have higher levels of cyclin A and are, therefore, more sensitive to SDT-induced cytotoxicity. These findings indicate the potential novel approach to preventing the onset of cancer by combining cell-cycle regulators with SDT. This sequential combination therapy may be a simple and cost-effective way of enhancing the effects of SDT in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Miao Sun
- Department of Stomatology, the Fourth Clinical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Lv
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Hu
- Laboratory of Sono‑ and Photo‑theranostic Technologies, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, P.R. China
| | - Wenwu Cao
- Laboratory of Sono‑ and Photo‑theranostic Technologies, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, P.R. China
| | - Jinhua Zheng
- Laboratory of Sono‑ and Photo‑theranostic Technologies, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Jiao
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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Abstract
AbstractA new approach is applied to correlate different phases of the HeLa cell S-3 with mean lethal ionising radiation dose (Do) along with nuclear magnetic resonance water-proton spin-lattice relaxation time (T1). This information can be used to pin-point the mitotic phase of the cells in vivo. This enables us to apply ionising radiation treatment at that particular time. This will increase the efficacy of radiation treatment in cancer patients.
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Buckel L, Savariar EN, Crisp JL, Jones KA, Hicks AM, Scanderbeg DJ, Nguyen QT, Sicklick JK, Lowy AM, Tsien RY, Advani SJ. Tumor radiosensitization by monomethyl auristatin E: mechanism of action and targeted delivery. Cancer Res 2015; 75:1376-1387. [PMID: 25681274 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsic tumor resistance to radiotherapy limits the efficacy of ionizing radiation (IR). Sensitizing cancer cells specifically to IR would improve tumor control and decrease normal tissue toxicity. The development of tumor-targeting technologies allows for developing potent radiosensitizing drugs. We hypothesized that the anti-tubulin agent monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), a component of a clinically approved antibody-directed conjugate, could function as a potent radiosensitizer and be selectively delivered to tumors using an activatable cell-penetrating peptide targeting matrix metalloproteinases and RGD-binding integrins (ACPP-cRGD-MMAE). We evaluated the ability of MMAE to radiosensitize both established cancer cells and a low-passage cultured human pancreatic tumor cell line using clonogenic and DNA damage assays. MMAE sensitized colorectal and pancreatic cancer cells to IR in a schedule- and dose-dependent manner, correlating with mitotic arrest. Radiosensitization was evidenced by decreased clonogenic survival and increased DNA double-strand breaks in irradiated cells treated with MMAE. MMAE in combination with IR resulted in increased DNA damage signaling and activation of CHK1. To test a therapeutic strategy of MMAE and IR, PANC-1 or HCT-116 murine tumor xenografts were treated with nontargeted free MMAE or tumor-targeted MMAE (ACPP-cRGD-MMAE). While free MMAE in combination with IR resulted in tumor growth delay, tumor-targeted ACPP-cRGD-MMAE with IR produced a more robust and significantly prolonged tumor regression in xenograft models. Our studies identify MMAE as a potent radiosensitizer. Importantly, MMAE radiosensitization can be localized to tumors by targeted activatable cell-penetrating peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Buckel
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences
| | | | | | | | - Angel M Hicks
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences
| | | | | | | | | | - Roger Y Tsien
- Department of Pharmacology.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Sunil J Advani
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences.,Center for Advanced Radiotherapy Technologies University of California San Diego
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Bakhoum SF, Kabeche L, Wood MD, Laucius CD, Qu D, Laughney AM, Reynolds GE, Louie RJ, Phillips J, Chan DA, Zaki BI, Murnane JP, Petritsch C, Compton DA. Numerical chromosomal instability mediates susceptibility to radiation treatment. Nat Commun 2015; 6:5990. [PMID: 25606712 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The exquisite sensitivity of mitotic cancer cells to ionizing radiation (IR) underlies an important rationale for the widely used fractionated radiation therapy. However, the mechanism for this cell cycle-dependent vulnerability is unknown. Here we show that treatment with IR leads to mitotic chromosome segregation errors in vivo and long-lasting aneuploidy in tumour-derived cell lines. These mitotic errors generate an abundance of micronuclei that predispose chromosomes to subsequent catastrophic pulverization thereby independently amplifying radiation-induced genome damage. Experimentally suppressing whole-chromosome missegregation reduces downstream chromosomal defects and significantly increases the viability of irradiated mitotic cells. Further, orthotopically transplanted human glioblastoma tumours in which chromosome missegregation rates have been reduced are rendered markedly more resistant to IR, exhibiting diminished markers of cell death in response to treatment. This work identifies a novel mitotic pathway for radiation-induced genome damage, which occurs outside of the primary nucleus and augments chromosomal breaks. This relationship between radiation treatment and whole-chromosome missegregation can be exploited to modulate therapeutic response in a clinically relevant manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel F Bakhoum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Lilian Kabeche
- 1] Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA [2] Norris-Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, USA
| | - Matthew D Wood
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Christopher D Laucius
- 1] Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA [2] Norris-Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, USA
| | - Dian Qu
- 1] Department of Neurological Surgery and the Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA [2] Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Ashley M Laughney
- Department of Radiology, Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Gloria E Reynolds
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Raymond J Louie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Joanna Phillips
- 1] Department of Neurological Surgery and the Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA [2] Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Denise A Chan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Bassem I Zaki
- Section of Radiation Oncology, Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, USA
| | - John P Murnane
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Claudia Petritsch
- 1] Department of Neurological Surgery and the Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA [2] Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Duane A Compton
- 1] Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA [2] Norris-Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, USA
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Sidler C, Li D, Wang B, Kovalchuk I, Kovalchuk O. SUV39H1 downregulation induces deheterochromatinization of satellite regions and senescence after exposure to ionizing radiation. Front Genet 2014; 5:411. [PMID: 25484892 PMCID: PMC4240170 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
While the majority of cancer patients are exposed to ionizing radiation during diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, age-dependent differences in radiation sensitivity are not yet well understood. Radiation sensitivity is characterized by the appearance of side effects to radiation therapy, such as secondary malignancies, developmental deficits, and compromised immune function. However, the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that trigger these side effects is incomplete. Here we used an in vitro system and showed that low-senescent normal human diploid fibroblasts (WI-38) senesce in response to 5 Gy IR, while highly senescent cultures do not show changes in cell cycle regulation and only a slight increase in the percentage of senescent cells. Our study shows that this is associated with changes in the expression of genes responsible for cell cycle progression, apoptosis, DNA repair, and aging, as well as transcriptional and epigenetic regulators. Furthermore, we propose a role of the downregulation of SUV39H1 expression, a histone methyltransferase that specifically trimethylates H3K9, and the corresponding reduction in H3K9me3 levels in the establishment of IR-induced senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Sidler
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Dongping Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Igor Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Olga Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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Differential S-phase progression after irradiation of p53 functional versus non-functional tumour cells. Radiol Oncol 2014; 48:354-60. [PMID: 25435848 PMCID: PMC4230555 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2014-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many pathways seem to be involved in the regulation of the intra-S-phase checkpoint after exposure to ionizing radiation, but the role of p53 has proven to be rather elusive. Here we have a closer look at the progression of irradiated cells through S-phase in dependence of their p53 status. Materials and methods. Three pairs of tumour cell lines were used, each consisting of one p53 functional and one p53 non-functional line. Cells were labelled with bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU) immediately after irradiation, they were then incubated in label-free medium, and at different times afterwards their position within the S-phase was determined by means of flow cytometry. Results While in the p53 deficient cells progression through S-phase was slowed significantly over at least a few hours, it was halted for just about an hour in the p53 proficient cells and then proceeded without further delay or even at a slightly accelerated pace. Conclusions It is clear from the experiments presented here that p53 does play a role for the progress of cells through the S-phase after X-ray exposure, but the exact mechanisms by which replicon initiation and elongation is controlled in irradiated cells remain to be elucidated.
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Boss MK, Bristow R, Dewhirst MW. Linking the history of radiation biology to the hallmarks of cancer. Radiat Res 2014; 181:561-77. [PMID: 24811865 PMCID: PMC4072211 DOI: 10.1667/rr13675.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hanahan and Weinberg recently updated their conceptual framework of the "Hallmarks of Cancer". The original article, published in 2000, is among the most highly cited reviews in the field of oncology. The goal of this review is to highlight important discoveries in radiation biology that pertain to the Hallmarks. We identified early studies that exemplified how ionizing radiation affects the hallmarks or how radiation was used experimentally to advance the understanding of key hallmarks. A literature search was performed to obtain relevant primary research, and topics were assigned to a particular hallmark to allow an organized, chronological account of the radiobiological advancements. The hallmarks are reviewed in an order that flows from cellular to microenvironmental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Keara Boss
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Robert Bristow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark W. Dewhirst
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Address for correspondence: Duke University, Radiation Oncology, Room 201 MSRB, Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710;
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Belli JA, Nagle W. Factors which Influence the Sedimentation Properties of Mammalian Cell DNA: Effect of Two-Dose X-Irradiation. Isr J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.197200127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kunos CA, Stefan T, Jacobberger JW. Cabazitaxel-induced stabilization of microtubules enhances radiosensitivity in ovarian cancer cells. Front Oncol 2013; 3:226. [PMID: 24066277 PMCID: PMC3776429 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Up to 40% of women with ovarian cancer have short disease-free intervals due to molecular mechanisms of chemotherapy resistance. New therapeutic strategies are sought. Ovarian cancers are sensitive to radiochemotherapy. The taxane cabazitaxel (XRP6258, Jevtana) promotes tubulin assembly and stabilizes microtubules against depolymerization in cells, acting similarly in mechanism to paclitaxel. Here, sequences of cabazitaxel-radiation co-administration are tested for drug-alone cytotoxicity and optimal radiosensitization. Materials and Methods: SKOV3, OVCAR3, and TOV-112D ovarian cancer cells were administered cabazitaxel 24 h before (first), 18 h before (second), together (third), or 24 h after (fourth) a single radiation dose, and then, investigated by clonogenic assay and flow cytometric assays. Radiation dose-cell survival data were fitted by two-stage multivariate analyses of variance. High-content flow cytometry partitioned cabazitaxel effects into G2-phase versus M-phase events by DNA content, cyclin A2, and phospho-S10-histone H3 (PHH3). Paclitaxel served as a comparator. Findings: Cabazitaxel cytotoxicity and radiosensitization were dose dependent. Cabazitaxel added 24 h before radiation was the most lethal schedule. DNA content measurements by flow cytometry showed that cabazitaxel-treated cells accumulated in the radiosensitive G2/M 4C DNA complement compartment. Cytometry also showed that surviving cabazitaxel-induced cell cycle arrested cells resolve the arrest by entering 4C or by 8C DNA complement cell cycles. Interpretation: The radiosensitizing effect of cabazitaxel was schedule dependent, due to cell cycle redistribution, and best when cabazitaxel was given 24 h before radiation. Clinical trials of administering both cabazitaxel and radiation should be explored in women with chemoresistant ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Kunos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland , OH , USA
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Nassim R, Mansure JJ, Chevalier S, Cury F, Kassouf W. Combining mTOR inhibition with radiation improves antitumor activity in bladder cancer cells in vitro and in vivo: a novel strategy for treatment. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65257. [PMID: 23799002 PMCID: PMC3684614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Radiation therapy for invasive bladder cancer allows for organ preservation but toxicity and local control remain problematic. As such, improving efficacy of treatment requires radiosensitization of tumor cells. The aim of study is to investigate if the mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR), a downstream kinase of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT survival pathway, may be a target for radiation sensitization. Experimental Design Clonogenic assays were performed using 6 bladder cancer cell lines (UM-UC3, UM-UC5, UM-UC6, KU7, 253J-BV, and 253-JP) in order to examine the effects of ionizing radiation (IR) alone and in combination with RAD001, an mTOR inhibitor. Cell cycle analysis was performed using flow cytometry. In vivo, athymic mice were subcutaneously injected with 2 bladder cancer cell lines. Treatment response with RAD001 (1.5 mg/kg, daily), fractionated IR (total 9Gy = 3Gy×3), and combination of RAD001 and IR was followed over 4 weeks. Tumor weight was measured at experimental endpoint. Results Clonogenic assays revealed that in all bladder cell lines tested, an additive effect was observed in the combined treatment when compared to either treatment alone. Our data indicates that this effect is due to arrest in both G1 and G2 phases of cell cycle when treatments are combined. Furthermore, our data show that this arrest is primarily regulated by changes in levels of cyclin D1, p27 and p21 following treatments. In vivo, a significant decrease in tumor weight was observed in the combined treatment compared to either treatment alone or control. Conclusions Altering cell cycle by inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway in combination with radiation have favorable outcomes and is a promising therapeutic modality for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Nassim
- McGill Urologic Oncology Research, Division of Urology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jose Joao Mansure
- McGill Urologic Oncology Research, Division of Urology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simone Chevalier
- McGill Urologic Oncology Research, Division of Urology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Fabio Cury
- Radiation Oncology, Medical Physics Unit, McGill University Health Center and Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Wassim Kassouf
- McGill Urologic Oncology Research, Division of Urology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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