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Pedrini B, Menzel A, Guzenko VA, David C, Abela R, Gutt C. Model-independent particle species disentanglement by X-ray cross-correlation scattering. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45618. [PMID: 28374754 PMCID: PMC5379484 DOI: 10.1038/srep45618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixtures of different particle species are often investigated using the angular averages of the scattered X-ray intensity. The number of species is deduced by singular value decomposition methods. The full disentanglement of the data into per-species contributions requires additional knowledge about the system under investigation. We propose to exploit higher-order angular X-ray intensity correlations with a new computational protocol, which we apply to synchrotron data from two-species mixtures of two-dimensional static test nanoparticles. Without any other information besides the correlations, we demonstrate the assessment of particle species concentrations in the measured data sets, as well as the full ab initio reconstruction of both particle structures. The concept extends straightforwardly to more species and to the three-dimensional case, whereby the practical application will require the measurements to be performed at an X-ray free electron laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pedrini
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - A Menzel
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - V A Guzenko
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - C David
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - R Abela
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - C Gutt
- Department Physik, Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Fakultät, Universität Siegen, 57068, Siegen, Germany
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Pedrini B, Menzel A, Guizar-Sicairos M, Guzenko VA, Gorelick S, David C, Patterson BD, Abela R. Two-dimensional structure from random multiparticle X-ray scattering images using cross-correlations. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1647. [PMID: 23552062 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the structure of biological macromolecules, especially in their native environment, is crucial because of the close structure-function relationship. X-ray small-angle scattering is used to determine the shape of particles in solution, but the achievable resolution is limited owing to averaging over particle orientations. In 1977, Kam proposed to obtain additional structural information from the cross-correlation of the scattering intensities. Here we develop the method in two dimensions, and give a procedure by which the single-particle diffraction pattern is extracted in a model-independent way from the correlations. We demonstrate its application to a large set of synchrotron X-ray scattering images on ensembles of identical, randomly oriented particles of 350 or 200 nm in size. The obtained 15 nm resolution in the reconstructed shape is independent of the number of scatterers. The results are discussed in view of proposed 'snapshot' scattering by molecules in the liquid phase at X-ray free-electron lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pedrini
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
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Petrov EP, Schwille P. State of the Art and Novel Trends in Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy. SPRINGER SERIES ON FLUORESCENCE 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/4243_2008_032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Hwang LC, Wohland T. Recent Advances in Fluorescence Cross-correlation Spectroscopy. Cell Biochem Biophys 2007; 49:1-13. [PMID: 17873335 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-007-0042-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2006] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 05/21/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCCS) is a method that measures the temporal fluorescence fluctuations coming from two differently labeled molecules diffusing through a small sample volume. Cross-correlation analysis of the fluorescence signals from separate detection channels extracts information of the dynamics of the dual-labeled molecules. FCCS has become an essential tool for the characterization of diffusion coefficients, binding constants, kinetic rates of binding, and determining molecular interactions in solutions and cells. By cross-correlating between two focal spots, flow properties could also be measured. Recent developments in FCCS have been targeted at using different experimental schemes to improve on the sensitivity and address their limitations such as cross-talk and alignment issues. This review presents an overview of the different excitation and detection methodologies used in FCCS and their biological applications. This is followed by a description of the fluorescent probes currently available for the different methods. This will introduce biological readers to FCCS and its related techniques and provide a starting point to selecting which experimental scheme is suitable for their type of biological study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chin Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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Hwang LC, Gösch M, Lasser T, Wohland T. Simultaneous multicolor fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy to detect higher order molecular interactions using single wavelength laser excitation. Biophys J 2006; 91:715-27. [PMID: 16632502 PMCID: PMC1483109 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.105.074120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2005] [Accepted: 04/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy is a powerful method for the study of molecular interactions and dynamics in solution and even in living cells. Usually, in the optical setup, either two laser beams have to be superimposed in their respective confocal volumes or two-photon excitation is used for a dual-color detection system. It has been shown recently that fluorescence cross correlation can be achieved with spectrally similar fluorophores using single wavelength excitation fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (SW-FCCS). In this study, we show that SW-FCCS allows the simultaneous excitation of up to three fluorophores in which the cross correlation of their fluctuation signals is detected separately in three detection channels. The experimental and theoretical model to describe triple pairwise cross correlations incorporating cross talk and possible changes in emission characteristics such as quenching upon binding are outlined. The effectiveness of SW-FCCS to detect binding of three interacting partners is experimentally verified with a standard ligand-receptor model, biotin-streptavidin, where differently labeled biotin ligands and their binding to a third-color labeled streptavidin are studied. The cross-correlation amplitudes and their changes with stoichiometric binding are analyzed and the upper limits of dissociation constants are determined. Performed with appropriate negative controls, SW-FCCS can determine interaction patterns between ligands and receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chin Hwang
- National University of Singapore, Department of Chemistry, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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Harn NR, Jeng YN, Kostelc JG, Middaugh CR. Spectroscopic Analysis of Highly Concentrated Suspensions of Bovine Somatotropin in Sesame Oil. J Pharm Sci 2005; 94:2487-95. [PMID: 16200543 DOI: 10.1002/jps.20464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Spectroscopy was employed to analyze the structural and thermal stability of highly concentrated oil suspensions of bovine somatotropin (bST). These methods were then compared with more dilute aqueous solutions (1 and 10 mg/mL). All oil suspensions were opaque, viscous, and highly concentrated in bST (>300 mg/mL) and thus provided unique analytical challenges. Using front surface fluorescence and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, protein structure and stability could be directly monitored in this environment. Differences were detected in structure between concentrated oil and dilute aqueous formulations. Fluorescence spectroscopy found that bST was highly thermally stabile within oil suspensions, since minimal changes in emission peak maxima and emission intensity were observed with increasing temperature when compared to dilute solutions. It was also observed that the amount of aggregate in a sample had some effect on the fluorescence spectra. As the amount of aggregated protein increased, the emission peak maximum and emission intensity changed. Employing ATR-FTIR, the secondary structure was examined with increasing temperature. The secondary structure of bST was also found to be very thermally stabile since no change in relative amount of helix/random structure is observed up to 70 degrees C while significant losses are observed in aqueous solution. This study demonstrates that conformational stability can be directly analyzed within highly concentrated, opaque environments using slight modifications of conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Harn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
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Schwille P, Meyer-Almes FJ, Rigler R. Dual-color fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy for multicomponent diffusional analysis in solution. Biophys J 1997; 72:1878-86. [PMID: 9083691 PMCID: PMC1184381 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(97)78833-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 565] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present paper describes a new experimental scheme for following diffusion and chemical reaction systems of fluorescently labeled molecules in the nanomolar concentration range by fluorescence correlation analysis. In the dual-color fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy provided here, the concentration and diffusion characteristics of two fluorescent species in solution as well as their reaction product can be followed in parallel. By using two differently labeled reaction partners, the selectivity to investigate the temporal evolution of reaction product is significantly increased compared to ordinary one-color fluorescence autocorrelation systems. Here we develop the theoretical and experimental basis for carrying out measurements in a confocal dual-beam fluorescence correlation spectroscopy setup and discuss conditions that are favorable for cross-correlation analysis. The measurement principle is explained for carrying out DNA-DNA renaturation kinetics with two differently labeled complementary strands. The concentration of the reaction product can be directly determined from the cross-correlation amplitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schwille
- Department of Biochemical Kinetics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.
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Berlin YA, Drobnitsky DO, Goldanskii VI, Kuz'min VV. Correlated fluctuations in multielement systems: The stochastic-branching-process model. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1992; 45:3547-3552. [PMID: 9907402 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.45.3547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Griffin WG, Griffin MC. Fourth order correlations in dynamic light scattering from flexible polymer chains: agreement of scaling laws with numerical predictions. POLYMER 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(90)90343-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Clark NA. Direct measurement of orientation correlations in a two-dimensional liquid-crystal system. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, GENERAL PHYSICS 1988; 38:1573-1589. [PMID: 9900536 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.38.1573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Brown RG. Dynamic light scattering using monomode optical fibers. APPLIED OPTICS 1987; 26:4846-4851. [PMID: 20523458 DOI: 10.1364/ao.26.004846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We describe the use of monomode optical fibers in dynamic light scattering, i.e., photon correlation spectroscopy or quasi-elastic light scattering.
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Rarity JG. Measurement of the radii of low axial ratio ellipsoids using cross correlation spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 1986. [DOI: 10.1063/1.451280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ackerson BJ, Taylor TW, Clark NA. Characterization of the local structure of fluids by apertured cross-correlation functions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, GENERAL PHYSICS 1985; 31:3183-3193. [PMID: 9895872 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.31.3183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Tough RJA, Pusey PN, Ackerson BJ. Time dependence of the fourth‐order correlation function in colloidal and polymer solutions. J Chem Phys 1984. [DOI: 10.1063/1.447995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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