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Jiang Y, Mi L, Xu X, Hii ARK, Wu Z, Qi X. Urease catalyzed high-density sodium alginate microspheres enable high oral bioavailability of macromolecular drugs. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:1515-1528. [PMID: 38284628 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01715j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Destruction of insulin caused by the gastric microenvironment and rapid deactivation pose inevitable barriers to oral macromolecular absorption, especially for most peptide and protein drugs. In this study, we developed high-density sodium alginate microspheres composed of magnesium oxide and urease to address these challenges. These microspheres aim to anchor the gastric mucus layer and induce microenvironmental liquefaction, thereby enhancing gastric retention and the protection of insulin. The sedimentation test confirmed the capability of the Ins/Ur/MgO@SA microsphere to rapidly traverse the gastric juice under the influence of gravity. Additionally, the urease immobilized on the Ins/Ur/MgO@SA microspheres catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea in the gastric mucus and promotes the liquefaction of mucus, which is beneficial for microsphere retention. The inclusion of MgO particles and urease, acting as pHM modifiers, helps in adjusting the local pH to avoid gastric acid-induced damage. Subsequently, an in vivo pharmacokinetic experiment verified that the relative bioavailability of the p.o. Ins/Ur/MgO@SA treated group was 15-fold higher than that of the p.o.insulin treated group. Meanwhile, satisfactory blood glucose level (BGL) reduction was observed in diabetic animals. In conclusion, Ins/Ur/MgO@SA microspheres demonstrate high biocompatibility as insulin carriers with prolonged drug release time and increased gastric retention properties, showing a far-reaching strategy for oral macromolecular drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Li Mi
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Xiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
- King's College London, Institution of Pharmaceutical Science, Franklin Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford St, London SE1 9NH, England, UK
| | - Adric Ru Khiing Hii
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Zhenghong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
- Industrial Technology Innovation Platform, Zhejiang Center for Safety Study of Drug Substances, Hangzhou 310018, China
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2
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Ruiz-González N, Esporrín-Ubieto D, Hortelao AC, Fraire JC, Bakenecker AC, Guri-Canals M, Cugat R, Carrillo JM, Garcia-Batlletbó M, Laiz P, Patiño T, Sánchez S. Swarms of Enzyme-Powered Nanomotors Enhance the Diffusion of Macromolecules in Viscous Media. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309387. [PMID: 38200672 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decades, the development of nanoparticles (NPs) to increase the efficiency of clinical treatments has been subject of intense research. Yet, most NPs have been reported to possess low efficacy as their actuation is hindered by biological barriers. For instance, synovial fluid (SF) present in the joints is mainly composed of hyaluronic acid (HA). These viscous media pose a challenge for many applications in nanomedicine, as passive NPs tend to become trapped in complex networks, which reduces their ability to reach the target location. This problem can be addressed by using active NPs (nanomotors, NMs) that are self-propelled by enzymatic reactions, although the development of enzyme-powered NMs, capable of navigating these viscous environments, remains a considerable challenge. Here, the synergistic effects of two NMs troops, namely hyaluronidase NMs (HyaNMs, Troop 1) and urease NMs (UrNMs, Troop 2) are demonstrated. Troop 1 interacts with the SF by reducing its viscosity, thus allowing Troop 2 to swim more easily through the SF. Through their collective motion, Troop 2 increases the diffusion of macromolecules. These results pave the way for more widespread use of enzyme-powered NMs, e.g., for treating joint injuries and improving therapeutic effectiveness compared with traditional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Ruiz-González
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - David Esporrín-Ubieto
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Ana C Hortelao
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Juan C Fraire
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Anna C Bakenecker
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Marta Guri-Canals
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Ramón Cugat
- Mutualidad de Futbolistas - Delegación Catalana, Federación Española de Fútbol, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
- Instituto Cugat, Hospital Quironsalud Barcelona, Spain, Fundación García Cugat, Barcelona, 08023, Spain
| | - José María Carrillo
- Bioregenerative Medicine and Applied Surgery Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, CEU Cardenal Herrera University, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain. García Cugat Foundation CEU-UCH Chair of Medicine and Regenerative Surgery, CEU Cardenal Herrera University, CEU Universities, Valencia, 46115, Spain
| | | | - Patricia Laiz
- Instituto Cugat, Hospital Quironsalud Barcelona, Spain, Fundación García Cugat, Barcelona, 08023, Spain
| | - Tania Patiño
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Samuel Sánchez
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudies Avancats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
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3
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Kavishvar D, Ramachandran A. The yielding behaviour of human mucus. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 322:103049. [PMID: 38039907 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.103049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Mucus is a viscoelastic material with non-linear rheological properties such as a yield stress of the order of a few hundreds of millipascals to a few tens of pascals, due to a complex network of mucins in water along with non-mucin proteins, DNA and cell debris. In this review, we discuss the origin of the yield stress in human mucus, the changes in the rheology of mucus with the occurrence of diseases, and possible clinical applications in disease detection as well as cure. We delve into the domain of mucus rheology, examining both macro- and microrheology. Macrorheology involves investigations conducted at larger length scales (∼ a few hundreds of μm or higher) using traditional rheometers, which probe properties on a bulk scale. It is significant in elucidating various mucosal functions within the human body. This includes rejecting unwanted irritants out of lungs through mucociliary and cough clearance, protecting the stomach wall from the acidic environment as well as biological entities, safeguarding cervical canal from infections and providing a swimming medium for sperms. Additionally, we explore microrheology, which encompasses studies performed at length scales ranging from a few tens of nm to a μm. These microscale studies find various applications, including the context of drug delivery. Finally, we employ scaling analysis to elucidate a few examples in lung, cervical, and gastric mucus, including settling of irritants in lung mucus, yielding of lung mucus in cough clearance and cilial beating, spreading of exogenous surfactants over yielding mucus, swimming of Helicobacter pylori through gastric mucus, and lining of protective mucus in the stomach. The scaling analyses employed on the applications mentioned above provide us with a deeper understanding of the link between the rheology and the physiology of mucus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durgesh Kavishvar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Arun Ramachandran
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Kokkinakis J, Schuett BS, Millar TJ. Effects on the Human Tear Film of Applying Skin Lipids to the Ocular Surface. Cornea 2023; 42:1562-1571. [PMID: 37506368 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000003345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The effect of skin lipids on the formation and stability of the human tear film was investigated. METHODS Skin swab substances (SSSs) were applied to the eyes of volunteers and studied using fluorescein or with TearView, which records infrared emissivity showing tear film integrity in real time. Results were compared with similar experiments using castor oil, freshly collected meibum, or acetic acid, which simulated the low pH of the skin. RESULTS Fluorescein and TearView results were comparable. TearView showed the natural unaltered tear film over the whole eye, instant changes to the tear film, and meibomian gland activity. Minimal amounts of SSS destroyed the integrity of the film and caused pain. Corneal epithelial damage could be detected. TearView showed that SSS stimulated meibomian gland secretion if applied directly to the posterior eyelid margin. Excess meibum had no effect on the tear film spread or integrity. Castor oil formed floating lenses on the tear film which were spread by a blink but then condensed back toward themselves. There was no pain or surface damage with these oils. CONCLUSIONS SSS contamination of the ocular surface disrupts the tear film, causes stinging, and fluorescein staining of the corneal epithelial cells after a blink. SSS stimulates meibomian gland activity. It is possible that various ocular conditions associated with dry eye, such as blepharitis and ocular rosacea, may compromise a meibomian lipid barrier of the eye lid margin. Skin lipids would then have access to the ocular surface and cause dry eye symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Kokkinakis
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Eye Practice, Sydney, NSW, Australia; and
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Vasquez PA, Walker B, Bloom K, Kolbin D, Caughman N, Freeman R, Lysy M, Hult C, Newhall KA, Papanikolas M, Edelmaier C, Forest MG. The power of weak, transient interactions across biology: A paradigm of emergent behavior. PHYSICA D. NONLINEAR PHENOMENA 2023; 454:133866. [PMID: 38274029 PMCID: PMC10806540 DOI: 10.1016/j.physd.2023.133866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
A growing list of diverse biological systems and their equally diverse functionalities provides realizations of a paradigm of emergent behavior. In each of these biological systems, pervasive ensembles of weak, short-lived, spatially local interactions act autonomously to convey functionalities at larger spatial and temporal scales. In this article, a range of diverse systems and functionalities are presented in a cursory manner with literature citations for further details. Then two systems and their properties are discussed in more detail: yeast chromosome biology and human respiratory mucus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula A. Vasquez
- Department of Mathematics, University of South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ben Walker
- Department of Mathematics, University of California at Irvine, United States of America
| | - Kerry Bloom
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Daniel Kolbin
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Neall Caughman
- Department of Mathematics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Ronit Freeman
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Martin Lysy
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Canada
| | - Caitlin Hult
- Department of Mathematics, Gettysburg College, United States of America
| | - Katherine A. Newhall
- Department of Mathematics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Micah Papanikolas
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Christopher Edelmaier
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, United States of America
| | - M. Gregory Forest
- Department of Mathematics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
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Asfour MH, Salama AAA. Coating with tripolyphosphate-crosslinked chitosan as a novel approach for enhanced stability of emulsomes following oral administration: Rutin as a model drug with improved anti-hyperlipidemic effect in rats. Int J Pharm 2023; 644:123314. [PMID: 37579826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study is to preserve the emulsomal vesicles against the harsh condition of gastrointestinal tract (GIT), after oral administration, employing tripolyphosphate (TPP)-crosslinked chitosan as a protective coating layer. Rutin was used as a model drug with evaluation of anti-hyperlipidemic activity in rats. The rutin loaded unmodified emulsomes were prepared using tripalmitin and soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC), by thin film method. Drug loading for the prepared formulations ranged between 6.80 and 15.50 %. The selected formulation (RT-Emuls-6) comprised tripalmitin and SPC, molar ratio 1:1, and exhibited particle size (PS) and zeta potential (ZP) of 150.40 nm and -35.35 mV, respectively. RT-Emuls-6 was then modified by coating with either solely chitosan (RT-Emuls-6-Ch) or TPP-crosslinked chitosan (RT-Emuls-6-Ch-TPP-1). The latter exhibited PS and ZP values of 269.60 nm and 37.17 mV, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy of RT-Emuls-6-Ch-TPP-1 showed a dense pale greyish layer of a coating layer of chitosan crosslinked with TPP surrounding SPC bilayers. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis along with X-ray powder diffraction confirmed cross-linking between chitosan and TPP. Stability study in the simulated GIT fluids revealed that the order of rutin retained percentage was RT-Emuls-6-Ch-TPP-1 > RT-Emuls-6-Ch > RT-Emuls-6 (80.02, 50.66 and 44.41 %, respectively for simulated gastric fluid and 63.50, 55.66 and 24.00 %, respectively for simulated intestinal fluid, after 2 h incubation). Anti-hyperlipidemic activity of rutin loaded emulsomes was evaluated, after oral administration, in a high fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia in rats. The order of activity was as follows: RT-Emuls-6-Ch-TPP-1 > RT-Emuls-6-Ch > RT-Emuls-6 > free rutin. These findings revealed the potential of TPP-crosslinked chitosan as a protective coating layer for enhancing the stability of emulsomes against the harsh condition of GIT. RT-Emuls-6-Ch-TPP-1 had a potent anti-hyperlipidemic activity via regulation of lipids, oxidative stress, irisin and uncoupling protein 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Hasanein Asfour
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
| | - Abeer A A Salama
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
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7
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Bustos NA, Ribbeck K, Wagner CE. The role of mucosal barriers in disease progression and transmission. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 200:115008. [PMID: 37442240 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Mucus is a biological hydrogel that coats and protects all non-keratinized wet epithelial surfaces. Mucins, the primary structural components of mucus, are critical components of the gel layer that protect against invading pathogens. For communicable diseases, pathogen-mucin interactions contribute to the pathogen's fate and the potential for disease progression in-host, as well as the potential for onward transmission. We begin by reviewing in-host mucus filtering mechanisms, including size filtering and interaction filtering, which regulate the permeability of mucus barriers to all molecules including pathogens. Next, we discuss the role of mucins in communicable diseases at the point of transmission (i.e. how the encapsulation of pathogens in emitted mucosal droplets externally to hosts may modulate pathogen infectivity and viability). Overall, mucosal barriers modulate both host susceptibility as well as the dynamics of population-level disease transmission. The study of mucins and their use in models and experimental systems are therefore crucial for understanding the mechanistic biophysical principles underlying disease transmission and the early stages of host infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Bustos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Katharina Ribbeck
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Caroline E Wagner
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Ma Y, Guo Y, Liu S, Hu Y, Yang C, Cheng G, Xue C, Zuo YY, Sun B. pH-Mediated Mucus Penetration of Zwitterionic Polydopamine-Modified Silica Nanoparticles. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:7552-7560. [PMID: 37494635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Zwitterionic polymers have emerged as promising trans-mucus nanocarriers due to their superior antifouling properties. However, for pH-sensitive zwitterionic polymers, the effect of the pH microenvironment on their trans-mucus fate remains unclear. In this work, we prepared a library of zwitterionic polydopamine-modified silica nanoparticles (SiNPs-PDA) with an isoelectric point of 5.6. Multiple-particle tracking showed that diffusion of SiNPs-PDA in mucus with a pH value of 5.6 was 3 times faster than that in mucus with pH value 3.0 or 7.0. Biophysical analysis found that the trans-mucus behavior of SiNPs-PDA was mediated by hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding between mucin and the particles. Furthermore, the particle distribution in the stomach, intestine, and lung demonstrated the pH-mediated mucus penetration behavior of the SiNPs-PDA. This study reveals the pH-mediated mucus penetration behavior of zwitterionic nanomaterials, which provides rational design strategies for zwitterionic polymers as nanocarriers in various mucus microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yiyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shan Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Yu Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Changying Xue
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Yi Y Zuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Bingbing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Ferreira LMB, Cardoso VMO, Dos Santos Pedriz I, Souza MPC, Ferreira NN, Chorilli M, Gremião MPD, Zucolotto V. Understanding mucus modulation behavior of chitosan oligomers and dextran sulfate combining light scattering and calorimetric observations. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 306:120613. [PMID: 36746564 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the fundamental understanding of mucus-modulatory strategies combining charged biopolymers with distinct molecular weights and surface charges. Here, key biophysical evidence supports that low-molecular-weight (Mw) polycation chitosan oligosaccharides (COSs) and high-Mw polyanion dextran sulfate (DS) exhibit distinct thermodynamic signatures upon interaction with mucin (MUC), the main protein of mucus. While the COS → MUC microcalorimetric titrations released ~14 kcal/mol and ~60 kcal/mol, the DS → MUC titrations released ~1200 and ~1450 kcal/mol at pH of 4.5 and 6.8, respectively. The MPT-2 titrations of COS → MUC and DS → MUC indicated a greater zeta potential variation at pH = 4.5 (relative variation = 815 % and 351 %, respectively) than at pH = 6.8 (relative variation = 282 % and 136 %, respectively). Further, the resultant binary (COS-MUC) and ternary (COS-DS-MUC) complexes showed opposite behavior (aggregation and charge inversion events) according to the pH environment. Most importantly, the results indicate that electrostatics could not be the driving force that governs COS-MUC interactions. To account for this finding, we proposed a two-level abstraction model. Macro features emerge collectively from individual interactions occurring at the molecular level. Therefore, to understand the outcomes of mucus modulatory strategy based on charged biopolymers it is necessary to integrate both visions into the same picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo M B Ferreira
- Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology Group, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), 13566-590 São Carlos, Brazil.
| | - Valéria M O Cardoso
- Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology Group, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), 13566-590 São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Igor Dos Santos Pedriz
- Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology Group, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), 13566-590 São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Maurício P C Souza
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Natália N Ferreira
- Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology Group, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), 13566-590 São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria P D Gremião
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Valtencir Zucolotto
- Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology Group, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), 13566-590 São Carlos, Brazil
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10
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Kumari K, Kumar A, Manjur AT, Rakshit S. Bioactives Promiscuity of Mucin: Insight from Multi-Spectroscopic, Thermodynamic, and Molecular Dynamic Simulation Analyses. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:4589-4600. [PMID: 36917549 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c03268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal drug delivery plays an increasing role in the clinical setting owing to mucin's advantageous biochemical and pharmacological properties. However, how this transport system recognizes different substrates remains unclear. In this study, we explore the mechanism of bioactive (quercetin and berberine) promiscuity of mucin using various spectroscopic techniques and molecular dynamics simulations. The UV-visible spectroscopy results and the decreased fluorescence intensity of mucin in the presence of the bioactive compounds via a static quenching mechanism confirmed ground-state complex formation between the bioactives and mucin. The binding constants (Kb) were evaluated at different temperatures to afford Kb values of ∼104 Lmol-1, demonstrating the moderate and reasonable affinity of the bioactives for mucin, yielding greater diffusion into the tissues. Thermodynamic analysis and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations demonstrate that mucin-bioactive complex formation occurs primarily because of electrostatic/ionic interactions, while hydrophobic interactions were also crucial in stabilizing the complex. Far-UV circular dichroism spectroscopy showed that bioactive binding induced secondary structural changes in mucin. Sitemap and MD simulation indicated the principal binding site of mucin for the bioactives. This study also provides insight into the bioactives promiscuity of mucin in the presence of a crowded environment, which is relevant to the biological activity of mucin in vivo. An in vitro drug release study revealed that crowding assisted drug release in an enhanced burst manner compared with that in a dilute buffer system. This work thus provides fresh insight into drug absorption and distribution in the native cellular environment and helps direct new drug design and use in pharmaceutical and pharmacological fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MAHE, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Ahamad Tamanna Manjur
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Surajit Rakshit
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
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11
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Nazari F, Shoele K, Mohammadigoushki H. Helical Locomotion in Yield Stress Fluids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:114002. [PMID: 37001094 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.114002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We report three stages for locomotion of a helical swimmer in yield stress fluids. In the first stage, the swimmer must overcome the material's yield strain to generate rotational motion. However, exceeding the first threshold is not sufficient for locomotion. Only when the viscous forces are sufficiently strong to plastically deform the material to a finite distance away from the swimmer will net locomotion occur. Once locomotion is underway in the third stage, the yield stress retards swimming at small pitch angles. Conversely, at large pitch angles, yield stress dominates the flow by enhancing swimming speed. Flow visualizations reveal a highly localized flow near the swimmer in yield stress fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Nazari
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - Kourosh Shoele
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - Hadi Mohammadigoushki
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
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Effect of mucin on β-lactoglobulin and lactose interaction. J DAIRY RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022029923000092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Functions of mucin, as the major macromolecular component in saliva or gastric fluids, are drawing increasing attention in the context of understanding the oral processing or digestion of dairy foods at the molecular level. This study was designed to investigate the interactions between β-lactoglobulin (BLG)-lactose, mucin-lactose and BLG-lactose-mucin at the molecular level under different temperature and pH conditions using fluorescence spectroscopy in combination with scanning electron microscopes (sem). It is the first study of its kind. There was no lactose-dependent quenching on BLG fluorophore in the range of 0–10 mM lactose concentration. On the contrary, there was a continuous increase in the fluorescence intensity of the BLG protein when the lactose concentration increased, especially at 25°C. BLG-lactose complex became thermally unstable at 37 and 45°C. Moreover, BLG exhibited a pH dependent conformational change and had higher fluorescence intensity at pH 3 than pH 6.8. The fluorescence result was in correspondence with sem images where we observed lactose crystals gathering around and on the BLG molecule, but lactose molecules could not be seen in the presence of mucin. It was anticipated that mucin molecules interacted with BLG-lactose complex via electrostatic attraction and formed an extra protective layer around the BLG molecules to avoid solvent exposure.
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13
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Guo Y, Ma Y, Chen X, Li M, Ma X, Cheng G, Xue C, Zuo YY, Sun B. Mucus Penetration of Surface-Engineered Nanoparticles in Various pH Microenvironments. ACS NANO 2023; 17:2813-2828. [PMID: 36719858 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The penetration behavior of nanoparticles in mucous depends on physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles and the mucus microenvironment, due to particle-mucin interactions and the presence of the mucin mesh space filtration effect. To date, it is still unclear how the surface properties of nanoparticles influence their mucus penetration behaviors in various physiological and pathophysiological conditions. In this study, we have prepared a comprehensive library of amine-, carboxyl-, and PEG-modified silica nanoparticles (SNPs) with controlled surface ligand densities. Using multiple particle tracking, we have studied the mechanism responsible for the mucus penetration behaviors of these SNPs. It was found that PEG- and amine-modified SNPs exhibited pH-independent immobilization under iso-density conditions, while carboxyl-modified SNPs exhibited enhanced movement only in weakly alkaline mucus. Biophysical characterizations demonstrated that amine- and carboxyl-modified SNPs were trapped in mucus due to electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding with mucin. In contrast, high-density PEGylated surface formed a brush conformation that shields particle-mucin interactions. We have further investigated the surface property-dependent mucus penetration behavior using a murine airway distribution model. This study provides insights for designing efficient transmucosal nanocarriers for prevention and treatment of pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Yubin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Xuehu Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois60607, United States
| | - Changying Xue
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Yi Y Zuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii96822, United States
| | - Bingbing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
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14
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Serebrova S, Kurguzova D, Krasnykh L, Vasilenko G, Drozdov V, Lazareva N, Shikh E, Zhuravleva M, Rykova S, Eremenko N, Kareva E, Mirzaev K, Sychev D, Prokofiev A. Potential factors of Helicobacter pylori resistance to clarithromycin. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2022; 37:383-391. [PMID: 36027921 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2021-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A comparative dissolution kinetics test (CDKT) and bioequivalence studies of generic proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) do not model pharmacological acid suppression (PAS) and pathological duodenogastric reflux (PDGR). This study aimed to model them in CDKT to assess drugs stability and potential pantoprazole-clarithromycin interactions. METHODS In CDKT, PDGR (dissolution medium pH 7.00 ± 0.05, preexposure at pH 1.20 ± 0.05) and PAS (pH 4.00 ± 0.05) were modelled for original pantoprazole (OP) and its generics (GP1-4). In CDKT with high-performance liquid chromatography, dissolution gastric medium in adequate (pH 4.00 ± 0.05) and inadequate (pH 1.20 ± 0.05) PAS were modelled for original clarithromycin (OC) and its generics (GC1-4). RESULTS After exposure in pH 7.00 ± 0.05, pantoprazole was released from GP1 within 10 min in the amount of 68.8%. In рН 4.00 ± 0.05, 83.0% and 81.5% of pantoprazole were released from GP1 and GP4. When OP, GP2 and GP3 were placed in pH 7.00 ± 0.05, pantoprazole was released in amount: 99.4%, 88.0% and 98.2%. Clarithromycin releasing from OC, GC1, GC2, GC3, GC4 in pH 4.00 ± 0.05 was 93.5%, 91.6%, 92.9%, 79.4% and 83.0%. In pH 1.20 ± 0.05: 9.7%, 6.7%, 8.5%, 33.3%, 28.8%. CONCLUSIONS Destruction of enteric coats of some local pantoprazole generics in CDKT-models might be a potential factor for inadequate therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Serebrova
- Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products, Moscow, Russian Federation.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Daria Kurguzova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Lyudmila Krasnykh
- Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Galina Vasilenko
- Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Drozdov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia Lazareva
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Eugenia Shikh
- Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products, Moscow, Russian Federation.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Marina Zhuravleva
- Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products, Moscow, Russian Federation.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana Rykova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia Eremenko
- Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products, Moscow, Russian Federation.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Kareva
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Karin Mirzaev
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education "Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education" of The Ministry of Healthcare of The Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitriy Sychev
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education "Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education" of The Ministry of Healthcare of The Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Prokofiev
- Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products, Moscow, Russian Federation.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
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15
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Nudelman R, Alhmoud H, Delalat B, Kaur I, Vitkin A, Bourgeois L, Goldfarb I, Cifuentes-Rius A, Voelcker NH, Richter S. From nanoparticles to crystals: one-pot programmable biosynthesis of photothermal gold structures and their use for biomedical applications. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:482. [PMID: 36384747 PMCID: PMC9670439 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01680-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inspired by nature, green chemistry uses various biomolecules, such as proteins, as reducing agents to synthesize metallic nanostructures. This methodology provides an alternative route to conventional harsh synthetic processes, which include polluting chemicals. Tuning the resulting nanostructure properties, such as their size and shape, is challenging as the exact mechanism involved in their formation is still not well understood. This work reports a well-controlled method to program gold nanostructures' shape, size, and aggregation state using only one protein type, mucin, as a reduction and capping material in a one-pot bio-assisted reaction. Using mucin as a gold reduction template while varying its tertiary structure via the pH of the synthesis, we demonstrate that spherical, coral-shaped, and hexagonal gold crystals can be obtained and that the size can be tuned over three orders of magnitude. This is achieved by leveraging the protein's intrinsic reducing properties and pH-induced conformational changes. The systematic study of the reaction kinetics and growth steps developed here provides an understanding of the mechanism behind this phenomenon. We further show that the prepared gold nanostructures exhibit tunable photothermal properties that can be optimized for various hyperthermia-induced antibacterial applications.
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16
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Liu W, Liu J, Wu T, Smyth H, Cui Y. The effect of mucin on supersaturation of poorly water-soluble drugs with different crystallization behavior and in vitro-in vivo correlation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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Oral Nanomedicines for siRNA Delivery to Treat Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091969. [PMID: 36145716 PMCID: PMC9503894 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) therapies have significant potential for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Although administering small interfering RNA (siRNA) via an oral route is desirable, various hurdles including physicochemical, mucus, and cellular uptake barriers of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) impede both the delivery of siRNA to the target site and the action of siRNA drugs at the target site. In this review, we first discuss various physicochemical and biological barriers in the GI tract. Furthermore, we present recent strategies and the progress of oral siRNA delivery strategies to treat IBD. Finally, we consider the challenges faced in the use of these strategies and future directions of oral siRNA delivery strategies.
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18
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Marczynski M, Rickert CA, Fuhrmann T, Lieleg O. An improved, filtration-based process to purify functional mucins from mucosal tissues with high yields. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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19
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Models using native tracheobronchial mucus in the context of pulmonary drug delivery research: Composition, structure and barrier properties. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 183:114141. [PMID: 35149123 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Mucus covers all wet epithelia and acts as a protective barrier. In the airways of the lungs, the viscoelastic mucus meshwork entraps and clears inhaled materials and efficiently removes them by mucociliary escalation. In addition to physical and chemical interaction mechanisms, the role of macromolecular glycoproteins (mucins) and antimicrobial constituents in innate immune defense are receiving increasing attention. Collectively, mucus displays a major barrier for inhaled aerosols, also including therapeutics. This review discusses the origin and composition of tracheobronchial mucus in relation to its (barrier) function, as well as some pathophysiological changes in the context of pulmonary diseases. Mucus models that contemplate key features such as elastic-dominant rheology, composition, filtering mechanisms and microbial interactions are critically reviewed in the context of health and disease considering different collection methods of native human pulmonary mucus. Finally, the prerequisites towards a standardization of mucus models in a regulatory context and their role in drug delivery research are addressed.
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20
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Factors Affecting the Intraluminal Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Infection. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020415. [PMID: 35208870 PMCID: PMC8876938 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) can be eradicated immediately while conducting an endoscopic examination. The eradication rate of intraluminal therapy for H. pylori infection (ILTHPI) is 53.7% (51/95) via local application of single-dose medicament containing amoxicillin, metronidazole, and clarithromycin. We aimed to evaluate factors affecting ILTHPI and to assess the efficacy among single antibiotics, and compared our results with combined antibiotics. We enrolled H. pylori-infected treatment-naïve symptomatic patients; 95 completed triple-antibiotic ILTHPI were evaluated for risk factors, along with 60 completed mono-antibiotic ILTHPI containing amoxicillin, clarithromycin, or metronidazole in each of the 20 patients. Univariate analysis revealed the significant influence of BMI (OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.03–1.27, p = 0.011) and gastric juice pH (OR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.16–1.58, p = 0.0001). Logistic regression analysis also showed significant influence of gastric juice pH (OR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.10–1.54, p = 0.002). The eradication rate of mono-antibiotic ILTHPI is significantly lower than triple-antibiotic ILTHPI (11.7% vs. 53.7%; p < 0.0001; α = 0.05, power = 1.0). The efficacy was 20% (4/20) for metronidazole, 10% (2/20) for amoxicillin, and 5% (1/20) for clarithromycin. In conclusion, the level of gastric juice pH is a crucial factor affecting the ILTHPI. The detection of gastric juice pH and selection of optimal intraluminal medicaments are important. Further studies with combined antibiotics for ILTHPI, perhaps metronidazole-containing medicaments, are recommended.
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21
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Brand JS, Forster L, Böck T, Stahlhut P, Teßmar J, Groll J, Albrecht K. Covalently Crosslinked Pig Gastric Mucin Hydrogels Prepared by Radical-based Chain-Growth and Thiol-ene Mechanisms. Macromol Biosci 2021; 22:e2100274. [PMID: 34951511 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mucin, a high molecular mass hydrophilic glycoprotein, is the main component of mucus that coats every wet epithelium in animals. It is thus intrinsically biocompatible, and with its protein backbone and the o-glycosidic bound oligosaccharides, it contains a plethora of functional groups which can be used for further chemical modifications. In this study we introduce and compare chain-growth and step-growth (thiol-ene) free-radical crosslinked hydrogels prepared from commercially available pig gastric mucin (PGM) as cost-efficient and easily accessible alternative to the more broadly applied bovine submaxillary gland mucin (BSM). For this, PGM was functionalized with photoreactive acrylate groups or allylether-moieties, respectively. Whereas homopolymerization of acrylate functionalized polymers was performed, for thiol-ene crosslinking, the allylether functionalized PGM was cross-linked with thiol-functionalized hyaluronic acid (HA). Morphology, mechanical properties, and cell compatibility of both kinds of PGM hydrogels are characterized and compared. Furthermore, the biocompatibility of these hydrogels could be evaluated in cell culture experiments. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Brand
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry at the Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication, and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, Würzburg, D-97070, Germany
| | - Leonard Forster
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry at the Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication, and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, Würzburg, D-97070, Germany
| | - Thomas Böck
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry at the Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication, and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, Würzburg, D-97070, Germany
| | - Philipp Stahlhut
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry at the Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication, and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, Würzburg, D-97070, Germany
| | - Jörg Teßmar
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry at the Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication, and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, Würzburg, D-97070, Germany
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry at the Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication, and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, Würzburg, D-97070, Germany
| | - Krystyna Albrecht
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry at the Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication, and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, Würzburg, D-97070, Germany
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22
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Choi H, Jeong SH, Kim TY, Yi J, Hahn SK. Bioinspired urease-powered micromotor as an active oral drug delivery carrier in stomach. Bioact Mater 2021; 9:54-62. [PMID: 34820555 PMCID: PMC8586715 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-propelling micro- and nano-motors (MNMs) have been extensively investigated as an emerging oral drug delivery carrier for gastrointestinal (GI) tract diseases. However, the propulsion of current MNMs reported so far is mostly based on the redox reaction of metals (such as Zn and Mg) with severe propulsion gas generation, remaining non-degradable residue in the GI tract. Here, we develop a bioinspired enzyme-powered biopolymer micromotor mimicking the mucin penetrating behavior of Helicobacter pylori in the stomach. It converts urea to ammonia and the subsequent increase of pH induces local gel-sol transition of the mucin layer facilitating the penetration into the stomach tissue layer. The successful fabrication of micromotors is confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering analysis, zeta-potential analysis. In acidic condition, the immobilized urease can efficiently converted urea to ammonia, comparable with that of neutral condition because of the increase of surrounding pH during propulsion. After administration into the stomach, the micromotors show enhanced penetration and prolonged retention in the stomach for 24 h. Furthermore, histological analysis shows that the micromotors are cleared within 3 days without causing any toxicity in the GI tract. The enhanced penetration and retention of the micromotors as an active oral delivery carrier in the stomach would be successfully harnessed for the treatment of various GI tract diseases. Polydopamine (PDA) hollow microcapsules are biocompatible, biodegradable, and muco-adhesive. Urease-powered PDA micromotors are propelled by the decomposition of urea to ammonia and carbon dioxide. Micromotors increase the local pH to induce the gel-sol transition of the mucus layer. Micromotors result in enhanced penetration and prolonged retention in the stomach. Micromotors can be effectively used for oral drug delivery with complete clearance from the GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsik Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, South Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, South Korea
| | - Tae Yeon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, South Korea
| | - Jeeyoon Yi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, South Korea
| | - Sei Kwang Hahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, South Korea
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23
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Interactions of β-Lactoglobulin with Bovine Submaxillary Mucin vs. Porcine Gastric Mucin: The Role of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Residues as Studied by Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226799. [PMID: 34833889 PMCID: PMC8623809 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate binding interactions between β-lactoglobulin (BLG) and two different mucins, bovine submaxillary mucins (BSM) and porcine gastric mucin (PGM), using intrinsic and extrinsic fluorescence spectroscopies. Intrinsic fluorescence spectra showed an enhanced decrease of fluorescence intensity of BLG at all pH conditions when BLG was mixed with PGM rather than with BSM. We propose that, unlike BSM, the tertiary structure of PGM changes and the hydrophobic regions are exposed at pH 3 due to protonation of negatively charged residues. Results suggest that PGM also facilitated the structural unfolding of BLG and its binding with PGM by a hydrophobic interaction, especially at acidic pH, which was further supported by extrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy. Hydrophobic interaction is suggested as the dominant interaction mechanism between BLG and PGM at pH 3, whereas electrostatic interaction is the dominant one between BLG and BSM.
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24
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Ford AG, Cao XZ, Papanikolas MJ, Kato T, Boucher RC, Markovetz MR, Hill DB, Freeman R, Forest MG. Molecular Dynamics Simulations to Explore the Structure and Rheological Properties of Normal and Hyperconcentrated Airway Mucus. STUDIES IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2021; 147:1369-1387. [PMID: 35221375 PMCID: PMC8871504 DOI: 10.1111/sapm.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We develop the first molecular dynamics model of airway mucus based on the detailed physical properties and chemical structure of the predominant gel-forming mucin MUC5B. Our airway mucus model leverages the LAMMPS open-source code [https://lammps.sandia.gov], based on the statistical physics of polymers, from single molecules to networks. On top of the LAMMPS platform, the chemical structure of MUC5B is used to superimpose proximity-based, non-covalent, transient interactions within and between the specific domains of MUC5B polymers. We explore feasible ranges of hydrophobic and electrostatic interaction strengths between MUC5B domains with 9 nanometer spatial and 1 nanosecond temporal resolution. Our goal here is to propose and test a mechanistic hypothesis for a striking clinical observation with respect to airway mucus: a 10-fold increase in non-swellable, dense structures called flakes during progression of cystic fibrosis disease. Among the myriad possible effects that might promote self-organization of MUC5B networks into flake structures, we hypothesize and confirm that the clinically confirmed increase in mucin concentration, from 1.5 to 5 mg/mL, alone is sufficient to drive the structure changes observed with scanning electron microscopy images from experimental samples. We post-process the LAMMPS simulated datasets at 1.5 and 5 mg/mL, both to image the structure transition and compare with scanning electron micrographs and to show that the 3.33-fold increase in concentration induces closer proximity of interacting electrostatic and hydrophobic domains, thereby amplifying the proximity-based strength of the interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Ford
- Dept. of Mathematics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | | | - Micah J Papanikolas
- Dept. of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Takafumi Kato
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | | | | | - David B Hill
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Ronit Freeman
- Dept. of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - M Gregory Forest
- Dept. of Mathematics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Dept. of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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25
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Marczynski M, Kimna C, Lieleg O. Purified mucins in drug delivery research. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113845. [PMID: 34166760 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
One of the main challenges in the field of drug delivery remains the development of strategies to efficiently transport pharmaceuticals across mucus barriers, which regulate the passage and retention of molecules and particles in all luminal spaces of the body. A thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms, which govern such selective permeability, is key for achieving efficient translocation of drugs and drug carriers. For this purpose, model systems based on purified mucins can contribute valuable information. In this review, we summarize advances that were made in the field of drug delivery research with such mucin-based model systems: First, we give an overview of mucin purification procedures and discuss the suitability of model systems reconstituted from purified mucins to mimic native mucus. Then, we summarize techniques to study mucin binding. Finally, we highlight approaches that made use of mucins as building blocks for drug delivery platforms or employ mucins as active compounds.
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26
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Zhao BR, Li B, Shi X. Molecular simulation of the diffusion mechanism of nanorods in cross-linked networks. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:17404-17416. [PMID: 34647122 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05368j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We study the diffusion of rod-shaped nanocarriers with different rigidities and aspect ratios in cross-linked networks using coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) simulations. The diffusivity of the nanorods increases with a reduction in the rigidities of the nanorods and network, as well as with an increasing aspect ratio with respect to the same volume fraction of the nanorods. The nanorods show an anisotropic diffusion pathway through translocating along their major axes at short time scales, and the anisotropy of diffusion decreases at long time scales. Meanwhile, the diffusion of the nanorods shows a sub-diffusion regime that deviates from Brownian motion in most cases due to the trapping of the nanorods in a cage composed of the network. The nanorod could hop when it escapes from the cage and the hopping behavior depends on the rigidities of both the nanorod and network, as well as the local network density. The rotational motion of the trapped nanorod also enhances the probability of hopping. Our results may help in the understanding of the microscopic mechanism for the diffusion of rod-shaped and other relevant nanocarriers, in a cross-linked network environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Ran Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China.
| | - Bin Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China.
| | - Xinghua Shi
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
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27
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Lin YL, Li Y. The Biological Synthesis and the Function of Mucin 2 in Pseudomyxoma Peritonei. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:7909-7917. [PMID: 34703312 PMCID: PMC8527350 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s324982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive mucus secretion is the most prominent feature of pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP), which often leads to significant increase in abdominal circumference, intractable abdominal pain, progressive intestinal obstruction, abdominal organ adhesions, and cachexia. Excessive mucus secretion is also the main cause of death. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is the recommended treatment for PMP. However, recurrence is frequently observed even after CRS and HIPEC, presenting similar clinical manifestations. Mucin 2 (MUC2) is the main type of mucin in PMP and plays a key role in the progressive sclerosis of mucus. To comprehensively demonstrate the biosynthetic process and molecular features of MUC2 and to provide new directions for the development of PMP mucolytic strategies, this review systematically summarizes the molecular biology of MUC2, including MUC2 gene structure, transcription, translation, post-translational modification, tertiary structure, and factors regulating mucus viscoelasticity. The results show that MUC2 is a highly glycosylated protein, with glycan accounts for 80% to 90% of the dry weight. The assembly pattern of MUC2 is highly complicated, presenting a bead-like filament. Salt concentration, pH, mucin concentration and trefoil factor family may contribute to the increase in mucus viscoelasticity and sclerosis, which could be used to develop drugs to soften or even dissolve mucus in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lin Lin
- Department of Peritoneal Cancer Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University (Beijing Technical Training Base of Tumor Deep Hyperthermia and Whole-Body Hyperthermia), Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Peritoneal Cancer Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University (Beijing Technical Training Base of Tumor Deep Hyperthermia and Whole-Body Hyperthermia), Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China
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28
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Watchorn J, Burns D, Stuart S, Gu FX. Investigating the Molecular Mechanism of Protein-Polymer Binding with Direct Saturation Compensated Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Biomacromolecules 2021; 23:67-76. [PMID: 34647719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a new technique, direct saturation compensated transfer (DISCO) NMR, to characterize protein-macromolecule interactions. DISCO enables the direct observation of intermolecular interactions and is used to investigate mucoadhesion, a type of polymer-protein interaction that is widely implemented in drug delivery but remains poorly understood. In a model system of bovine submaxillary mucin and poly(acrylic acid), DISCO identifies selective backbone interactions that facilitate mucoadhesion through chain interpenetration. DISCO demonstrated distinct patterns of molecular selectivity between mucoadhesive polymers when applied to hydroxypropyl cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose and that functionalizing adhesive polymers with strongly interacting moieties may be detrimental to the overall adhesive interaction. Additionally, DISCO was used to estimate polymer-protein dissociation constants using individual proton signals as reporters. Overall, DISCO can be used as a label-free screening tool to generate polymer-specific binding fingerprints to map and quantify interactions between macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Watchorn
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Darcy Burns
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Samantha Stuart
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Frank X Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
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29
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Sharma A, Thongrom B, Bhatia S, von Lospichl B, Addante A, Graeber SY, Lauster D, Mall MA, Gradzielski M, Haag R. Polyglycerol-Based Mucus-Inspired Hydrogels. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100303. [PMID: 34418212 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The mucus layer is a hydrogel network that covers mucosal surfaces of the human body. Mucus has important protective properties that are related to its unique rheological properties, which are based on mucins being the main glycoprotein constituents. Mucin macromolecules entangle with one another and form a physical network that is instrumental for many important defense functions. Mucus derived from various human or animal sources is poorly defined and thus not suitable for many application purposes. Herein, a synthetic route is fabricated to afford a library of compositionally defined mucus-inspired hydrogels (MIHs). MIHs are synthesized by thiol oxidation to render disulfide bonds between the crosslinker ethoxylated trimethylolpropane tri(3-mercaptopropionate) (THIOCURE ETTMP 1300) and the linear precursors, dithiolated linear polyglycerol (LPG(SH)2 ) or polyethylene glycol (PEG(SH)2 ) of different molecular weights. The mixing ratio of linear polymers versus crosslinker and the length of the linear polymer are varied, thus delivering a library of compositionally defined mucin-inspired constructs. Their viscoelastic properties are determined by frequency sweeps at 25 and 37 °C and compared to the corresponding behavior of native human mucus. Here, MIHs composed of a 10:1 ratio of LPG(SH)2 and ETTMP 1300 are proved to be the best comparable to human airway mucus rheology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antara Sharma
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Boonya Thongrom
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Sumati Bhatia
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Benjamin von Lospichl
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, Berlin, 10623, Germany
| | - Annalisa Addante
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13353, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 10178, Germany.,associated partner site, Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung e. V., Aulweg 130, Gießen, 35392, Germany
| | - Simon Y Graeber
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13353, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 10178, Germany.,associated partner site, Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung e. V., Aulweg 130, Gießen, 35392, Germany
| | - Daniel Lauster
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13353, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 10178, Germany.,associated partner site, Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung e. V., Aulweg 130, Gießen, 35392, Germany
| | - Michael Gradzielski
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, Berlin, 10623, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
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30
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Asfour MH, Salama AAA, Mohsen AM. Fabrication of All-Trans Retinoic Acid loaded Chitosan/Tripolyphosphate Lipid Hybrid Nanoparticles as a Novel Oral Delivery Approach for Management of Diabetic Nephropathy in Rats. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:3208-3220. [PMID: 34015278 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to formulate all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) loaded chitosan/tripolyphosphate lipid hybrid nanoparticles (CTLHNs) for enhancing its solubility and oral delivery. This is to improve ATRA therapeutic effect on diabetic nephropathy (DN). CTLHNs were prepared by o/w homogenization, employing stearic acid, to form lipid nanoparticles coated with chitosan that is stabilized against acidic pH via sodium tripolyphosphate crosslinking. Chitosan coated (F7) and naked lipid nanoparticles (F6) were also prepared for comparison with CTLHNs. In vitro characterization for the prepared formulations was performed comprising entrapment efficiency, particle size, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction. Stability of chitosan coat in GI fluid revealed that CTLHNs were more stable than F7. In vitro release indicated an enhanced release of ATRA from the developed formulations. In vitro mucoadhesion study proved a notable mucoadhesive property for CTLHNs. In DN rat model, serum levels of creatinine and urea were elevated, over expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were observed. In addition, adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) and liver kinase B1 (LKB1) expressions were decreased in DN rats. Treatment with free ATRA and the selected formulations led to a significant amelioration of DN by reducing of creatinine, urea, TNF-α, ICAM-1, GM-CSF, VEGF levels as well as elevating AMPK and LKB1 levels. The order of activity was: CTLHNs > F7 > F6 > free ATRA, as proved by histopathological examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Hasanein Asfour
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
| | - Abeer A A Salama
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Amira Mohamed Mohsen
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
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31
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Huang Z, Kłodzińska SN, Wan F, Nielsen HM. Nanoparticle-mediated pulmonary drug delivery: state of the art towards efficient treatment of recalcitrant respiratory tract bacterial infections. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:1634-1654. [PMID: 33694082 PMCID: PMC7945609 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00954-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recalcitrant respiratory tract infections caused by bacteria have emerged as one of the greatest health challenges worldwide. Aerosolized antimicrobial therapy is becoming increasingly attractive to combat such infections, as it allows targeted delivery of high drug concentrations to the infected organ while limiting systemic exposure. However, successful aerosolized antimicrobial therapy is still challenged by the diverse biological barriers in infected lungs. Nanoparticle-mediated pulmonary drug delivery is gaining increasing attention as a means to overcome the biological barriers and accomplish site-specific drug delivery by controlling release of the loaded drug(s) at the target site. With the aim to summarize emerging efforts in combating respiratory tract infections by using nanoparticle-mediated pulmonary delivery strategies, this review provides a brief introduction to the bacterial infection-related pulmonary diseases and the biological barriers for effective treatment of recalcitrant respiratory tract infections. This is followed by a summary of recent advances in design of inhalable nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems that overcome the biological barriers and increase drug bioavailability. Finally, challenges for the translation from exploratory laboratory research to clinical application are also discussed and potential solutions proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Huang
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Sylvia Natalie Kłodzińska
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Feng Wan
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Hanne Mørck Nielsen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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32
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A comprehensive review of the strategies to improve oral drug absorption with special emphasis on the cellular and molecular mechanisms. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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33
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Ingenious aspartic acid-functionalized gold nanoparticles by one-pot protocol for the sensitive detection of chromium (III) ions. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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34
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Lacroix G, Gouyer V, Gottrand F, Desseyn JL. The Cervicovaginal Mucus Barrier. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218266. [PMID: 33158227 PMCID: PMC7663572 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm births are a global health priority that affects 15 million babies every year worldwide. There are no effective prognostic and therapeutic strategies relating to preterm delivery, but uterine infections appear to be a major cause. The vaginal epithelium is covered by the cervicovaginal mucus, which is essential to health because of its direct involvement in reproduction and functions as a selective barrier by sheltering the beneficial lactobacilli while helping to clear pathogens. During pregnancy, the cervical canal is sealed with a cervical mucus plug that prevents the vaginal flora from ascending toward the uterine compartment, which protects the fetus from pathogens. Abnormalities of the cervical mucus plug and bacterial vaginosis are associated with a higher risk of preterm delivery. This review addresses the current understanding of the cervicovaginal mucus and the cervical mucus plug and their interactions with the microbial communities in both the physiological state and bacterial vaginosis, with a focus on gel-forming mucins. We also review the current state of knowledge of gel-forming mucins contained in mouse cervicovaginal mucus and the mouse models used to study bacterial vaginosis.
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35
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Zhang M, Wu C. The relationship between intestinal goblet cells and the immune response. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR20201471. [PMID: 33017020 PMCID: PMC7569202 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20201471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Goblet cells (GCs) are single-cell glands that produce and secrete mucin. Mucin forms a mucus layer, which can separate the materials in cavities from the intestinal epithelium and prevent the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms in various ways. GCs can also participate in the immune response through nonspecific endocytosis and goblet cell-associated antigen passages (GAPs). GCs endocytose soluble substances from the lumen and transmit antigens to the underlying antigen-presenting cells (APCs). A variety of immuno-regulatory factors can promote the differentiation, maturation of GCs, and the secretion of mucin. The mucin secreted by GCs forms a mucus layer, which plays an important role in resisting the invasion of foreign bacteria and intestinal inherent microorganisms, regulating the immune performance of the body. Therefore, the present study mainly reviews the barrier function of the mucus layer, the mucus secreted by goblet cells, the protective effect against pathogenic bacteria, the delivery of luminal substances through GAPs and the relationship between GCs and the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhang
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenchen Wu
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
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36
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Xie Y, Lu L, Tang XX, Moninger TO, Huang TJ, Stoltz DA, Welsh MJ. Acidic Submucosal Gland pH and Elevated Protein Concentration Produce Abnormal Cystic Fibrosis Mucus. Dev Cell 2020; 54:488-500.e5. [PMID: 32730755 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In response to respiratory insults, airway submucosal glands secrete copious mucus strands to increase mucociliary clearance and protect the lung. However, in cystic fibrosis, stimulating submucosal glands has the opposite effect, disrupting mucociliary transport. In cystic fibrosis (CF) pigs, loss of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) anion channels produced submucosal gland mucus that was abnormally acidic with an increased protein concentration. To test whether these variables alter mucus, we produced a microfluidic model of submucosal glands using mucus vesicles from banana slugs. Acidic pH and increased protein concentration decreased mucus gel volume and increased mucus strand elasticity and tensile strength. However, once mucus strands were formed, changing pH or protein concentration largely failed to alter the biophysical properties. Likewise, raising pH or apical perfusion did not improve clearance of mucus strands from CF airways. These findings reveal mechanisms responsible for impaired mucociliary transport in CF and have important implications for potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Xie
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Xiao Xiao Tang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Thomas O Moninger
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - David A Stoltz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Michael J Welsh
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Characterisation of the Interaction among Oil-In-Water Nanocapsules and Mucin. Biomimetics (Basel) 2020; 5:biomimetics5030036. [PMID: 32731584 PMCID: PMC7559021 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics5030036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucins are glycoproteins present in all mucosal surfaces and in secretions such as saliva. Mucins are involved in the mucoadhesion of nanodevices carrying bioactive molecules to their target sites in vivo. Oil-in-water nanocapsules (NCs) have been synthesised for carrying N,N'-(di-m-methylphenyl)urea (DMTU), a quorum-sensing inhibitor, to the oral cavity. DMTU-loaded NCs constitute an alternative for the treatment of plaque (bacterial biofilm). In this work, the stability of the NCs after their interaction with mucin is analysed. Mucin type III from Sigma-Aldrich has been used as the mucin model. Mucin and NCs were characterised by the multi-detection asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation technique (AF4). Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and ζ-potential analyses were carried out to characterise the interaction between mucin and NCs. According to the results, loading DMTU changes the conformation of the NC. It was also found that the synergistic interaction between mucin and NCs was favoured within a specific range of the mucin:NC ratio within the first 24 h. Studies on the release of DMTU in vitro and the microbial activity of such NCs are ongoing in our lab.
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Falavigna M, Pattacini M, Wibel R, Sonvico F, Škalko-Basnet N, Flaten GE. The Vaginal-PVPA: A Vaginal Mucosa-Mimicking In Vitro Permeation Tool for Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Formulations. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12060568. [PMID: 32575388 PMCID: PMC7355897 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug administration to the vaginal site has gained increasing attention in past decades, highlighting the need for reliable in vitro methods to assess the performance of novel formulations. To optimize formulations destined for the vaginal site, it is important to evaluate the drug retention within the vagina as well as its permeation across the mucosa, particularly in the presence of vaginal fluids. Herewith, the vaginal-PVPA (Phospholipid Vesicle-based Permeation Assay) in vitro permeability model was validated as a tool to evaluate the permeation of the anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen from liposomal formulations (i.e., plain and chitosan-coated liposomes). Drug permeation was assessed in the presence and absence of mucus and simulated vaginal fluid (SVF) at pH conditions mimicking both the healthy vaginal premenopausal conditions and vaginal infection/pre-puberty/post-menopause state. The permeation of ibuprofen proved to depend on the type of formulation (i.e., chitosan-coated liposomes exhibited lower drug permeation), the mucoadhesive formulation properties and pH condition. This study highlights both the importance of mucus and SVF in the vaginal model to better understand and predict the in vivo performance of formulations destined for vaginal administration, and the suitability of the vaginal-PVPA model for such investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Falavigna
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsvegen 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (M.P.); (R.W.); (N.Š.-B.)
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (G.E.F.)
| | - Martina Pattacini
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsvegen 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (M.P.); (R.W.); (N.Š.-B.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy;
| | - Richard Wibel
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsvegen 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (M.P.); (R.W.); (N.Š.-B.)
| | - Fabio Sonvico
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy;
| | - Natasa Škalko-Basnet
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsvegen 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (M.P.); (R.W.); (N.Š.-B.)
| | - Gøril Eide Flaten
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsvegen 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (M.P.); (R.W.); (N.Š.-B.)
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (G.E.F.)
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39
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Wang YC, Chen YP, Ho CY, Liu TW, Chu CH, Wang HY, Liou TC. The Impact of Gastric Juice pH on the Intraluminal Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Infection. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061852. [PMID: 32545856 PMCID: PMC7356802 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) can be topically eradicated in stomach lumen on endoscopic examination. The procedures of intraluminal therapy for H. pylori infection (ILTHPI) include the control of intragastric pH, mucolytic irrigation of the gastric mucosal surface, and a single-dose medicament containing antimicrobial agents. Aims: To detect gastric juice pH and evaluate its impact on the success rate of ILTHPI. Methods: We enrolled 324 patients with upper abdominal discomfort for endoscopic examinations. Among them, 13C-urea breath test was positive in 218 patients, where 100 underwent ILTHPI, and negative in 106. All patients had their gastric juice pH detected and set into three ranges, including normal acidity (pH < 4.0), low-level hypoacidity (pH 4.0–5.5), and high-level hypoacidity (pH ≥ 6.0). The impact of gastric juice pH on the success rate of ILTHPI was evaluated. Results: Distribution of pH level showed no significant difference between two groups of H. pylori-infected patients (p = 0.942). The eradication rate of ILTHPI is significantly lower in patients with gastric juice pH below 4 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Detection of gastric juice pH in ILTHPI is extremely important. Rapid control of stomach pH at or above 4 for patients prior to ILTHPI is strongly recommended. (NCT03124420).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chio Wang
- Department of General Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; (Y.-C.W.); (T.-W.L.); (C.-H.C.)
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan; (Y.-P.C.); (C.-Y.H.); (H.-Y.W.)
| | - Yen-Po Chen
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan; (Y.-P.C.); (C.-Y.H.); (H.-Y.W.)
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 25173, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Ho
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan; (Y.-P.C.); (C.-Y.H.); (H.-Y.W.)
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 25173, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wen Liu
- Department of General Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; (Y.-C.W.); (T.-W.L.); (C.-H.C.)
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan; (Y.-P.C.); (C.-Y.H.); (H.-Y.W.)
| | - Cheng-Hsin Chu
- Department of General Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; (Y.-C.W.); (T.-W.L.); (C.-H.C.)
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan; (Y.-P.C.); (C.-Y.H.); (H.-Y.W.)
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Yuan Wang
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan; (Y.-P.C.); (C.-Y.H.); (H.-Y.W.)
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Cherng Liou
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan; (Y.-P.C.); (C.-Y.H.); (H.-Y.W.)
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 25173, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +88-62-2543-3535 (ext. 3993)
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Curnutt A, Smith K, Darrow E, Walters KB. Chemical and Microstructural Characterization of pH and [Ca 2+] Dependent Sol-Gel Transitions in Mucin Biopolymer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8760. [PMID: 32472040 PMCID: PMC7260187 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65392-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucus is responsible for controlling transport and barrier function in biological systems, and its properties can be significantly affected by compositional and environmental changes. In this study, the impacts of pH and CaCl2 were examined on the solution-to-gel transition of mucin, the primary structural component of mucus. Microscale structural changes were correlated with macroscale viscoelastic behavior as a function of pH and calcium addition using rheology, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, surface tension, and FTIR spectroscopic characterization. Mucin solutions transitioned from solution to gel behavior between pH 4–5 and correspondingly displayed a more than ten-fold increase in viscoelastic moduli. Addition of CaCl2 increased the sol-gel transition pH value to ca. 6, with a twofold increase in loss moduli at low frequencies and ten-fold increase in storage modulus. Changing the ionic conditions—specifically [H+] and [Ca2+] —modulated the sol-gel transition pH, isoelectric point, and viscoelastic properties due to reversible conformational changes with mucin forming a network structure via non-covalent cross-links between mucin chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Curnutt
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Kaylee Smith
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Emily Darrow
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Keisha B Walters
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA.
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Sharma A, Kwak JG, Kolewe KW, Schiffman JD, Forbes NS, Lee J. In Vitro Reconstitution of an Intestinal Mucus Layer Shows That Cations and pH Control the Pore Structure That Regulates Its Permeability and Barrier Function. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:2897-2909. [PMID: 34322659 PMCID: PMC8315583 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the intestinal mucus barrier causes disorders such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The function of this essential barrier may be affected by the periodically changing luminal environment. We hypothesized that the pH and ion concentration in mucus control its porosity, molecular permeability, and the penetration of microbes. To test this hypothesis, we developed a scalable method to extract porcine small intestinal mucus (PSIM). The aggregation and porosity of PSIM were determined using rheometry, spectrophotometry, and microscopy. Aggregation of PSIM at low pH increased both the elastic (G') and viscous (G″) moduli, and it slowed the transmigration of pathogenic Salmonella. Molecular transport was dependent on ion concentration. At moderate concentrations, many microscopic aggregates (2-5 μm in diameter) impeded diffusion. At higher concentrations, PSIM formed aggregate islands, increasing both porosity and diffusion. This in vitro model could lead to a better understanding of mucus barrier functions and improve the treatment of intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Jun-Goo Kwak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Kristopher W Kolewe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Jessica D Schiffman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Neil S Forbes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, and Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Jungwoo Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, and Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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42
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Smart drug delivery against Helicobacter pylori: pectin-coated, mucoadhesive liposomes with antiadhesive activity and antibiotic cargo. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:5943-5957. [PMID: 32399588 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10647-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The first step in the development of Helicobacter pylori pathogenicity is the receptor-mediated adhesion to the gastric epithelium. Inhibition of outer membrane proteins of H. pylori (e.g. BabA) by antiadhesive drugs will contribute to reduced recolonization and infection. Pectin from apple inhibits the BabA and LPS-mediated adhesion of H. pylori to human stomach cells. Pectin-coated liposomes with encapsulated amoxicillin were characterized for polydispersity, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, stability, and amoxicillin release. Coated liposomes did not influence the viability of AGS and HT29-MTX cells up to 100 μg/mL but exert cytotoxicity against H. pylori at 10 μg/mL. Pectin-coating of liposomes provoked direct interaction and subsequent binding of the particles to surface structures of H. pylori, and interaction with mucus from porcine stomach and mucus secreted by HT29-MTX cells. Laser scanning microscopy of H. pylori and AGS cells together with liposomes indicated co-aggregation. The mucoadhesive effect seems interesting as stomach cells are covered by a mucus layer. H. pylori is able to penetrate and cross the mucin rapidly to reach pH-neutral epithelium to escape the acidic environment, followed by interaction with epithelial cells. In summary, all experimental evidence is consistent with a specific interaction of pectin-coated liposomes with mucins and surface structures of H. pylori. As the coated liposomes show mucoadhesion to the negatively charged mucins, docking to stomach mucin, mucus penetration, and recognition of and adhesion to H. pylori, they can be considered a novel type of multifunctional drug carriers for local antibiotic therapy against H. pylori. KEY POINTS: • Smart, multifunctional mucoadhesive liposomes • Specific targeting against BabA/LPS of Helicobacter pylori • Inhibition of bacterial adhesion of H. pylori to human host cells • Release of antibiotic cargo.
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43
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Wan F, Herzberg M, Huang Z, Hassenkam T, Nielsen HM. A free-floating mucin layer to investigate the effect of the local microenvironment in lungs on mucin-nanoparticle interactions. Acta Biomater 2020; 104:115-123. [PMID: 31945503 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory tract mucus represents an important barrier for pulmonary drug delivery. Understanding of mucin-nanoparticle interactions is a prerequisite for rational design of inhalable nanoparticles. In the present study, in order to establish a reliable quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) approach to reveal the effect of the lung microenvironment on the mucin-nanoparticle interactions, we investigated the intrinsic features of the mucin layers immobilized onto sensors via chemical conjugation or physical adsorption by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and QCM-D. Our results demonstrated that the covalently-grafted mucin layer responded more sensitively than the physically-adsorbed mucin layer to the local microenvironment shifting from PBS (pH 7.35 and ionic strength 30 mM) to PBS (pH 6.25 and ionic strength 150 mM) and resulted in a softer mucin layer with more hydrophobic areas exposed. Furthermore, using the QCM-D approach with the covalently-grafted mucin layer, we demonstrated the significant influence of the local microenvironment on the interaction of mucin with poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)-based nanoparticles with different surface hydrophilicity. The present work underlines the QCM-D approach with a covalently-grafted mucin layer as a potent tool to elucidate the potential influence of local microenvironment on mucin-nanoparticle interactions. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Studying interactions between nanoengineered materials and biological systems plays a vital role in development of biomedical applications of nanoengineered materials. In this work, by employing a more biologically relevant, 'free-floating' mucin layer model, we demonstrate the significant impact of the lung microenvironment on the nature and the extent of the interaction between the mucin and the nanoparticles with different surface hydrophilicity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work describing the nanoscale properties of immobilized mucin layers and investigating the mucin-nanoparticle interactions with emphasis on the impact of local microenvironment in lungs. Thus, it is expected to have important consequences in rational design of inhalable nanoparticle delivery systems.
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44
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Liu D, Dhital S, Wu P, Chen XD, Gidley MJ. In Vitro Digestion of Apple Tissue Using a Dynamic Stomach Model: Grinding and Crushing Effects on Polyphenol Bioaccessibility. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:574-583. [PMID: 31820633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Food structure is a key determinant for the release of phenolic compounds during gastric and intestinal digestion. We evaluated the bioaccessibility of polyphenols from apple tissue during gastric digestion in vitro from bio-mechanical perspectives including the effects of gastric juice and mucin on the apple tissue matrix under simulated stomach peristalsis. The gastric model system was effective in releasing polyphenols because of simultaneous compression and extrusion, with 3 times higher release from coarse than from fine particles. However, bioaccessibility of polyphenols was reduced up to 44% in the presence of both cell walls and gastric mucin. Most individual phenolic molecules were gradually released and were stable in the gastric environment, except for procyanidin B2. The study suggests that the bioaccessibility of polyphenols from apples in the upper digestive tract is dependent on mechanical disintegration and the residual matrix present in the swallowed bolus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Walls & Plant Resistance, Molecular Analysis & Genetic Improvement Center, South China Botanical Garden , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510650 , China
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation , The University of Queensland , St Lucia , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Sushil Dhital
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation , The University of Queensland , St Lucia , Queensland 4072 , Australia
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | - Peng Wu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Xiao-Dong Chen
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Michael J Gidley
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation , The University of Queensland , St Lucia , Queensland 4072 , Australia
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Joyner K, Song D, Hawkins RF, Silcott RD, Duncan GA. A rational approach to form disulfide linked mucin hydrogels. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:9632-9639. [PMID: 31651920 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01715a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the design of a mucin hydrogel created using a thiol-based cross-linking strategy. By using a cross-linking reagent capable of forming hydrogen bonds and disulfide linkages within the gel network, we were able to produce mucin-based hydrogels with viscoelastic properties similar to natural mucus as measured by bulk rheology. We confirmed disulfide cross-links strongly contribute to gel formation in our system using chemical treatments to block and reduce cysteines where we found mucin hydrogel network formation was inhibited and disrupted, respectively. Particle tracking microrheology was used to investigate the kinetics and evolution of microstructure and viscoelasticity within the hydrogel as it formed. We found that the rate of gel formation could be tuned by varying the mucin to crosslinker ratio, producing network pore sizes in the range measured previously in human mucus. The results of this work provide a new, simple method for creating mucin hydrogels with physiologically relevant properties using readily available reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Joyner
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in people with CF. Abnormal mucociliary transport has been the leading hypothesis for the underlying pathogenesis of CF airway disease. However, this has been difficult to investigate at very early time points. A porcine CF model, which recapitulates many features of CF disease in humans, enables studies to be performed in non-CF and CF pigs on the day that they are born. In newborn CF pigs, we found that under basal conditions, mucociliary transport rates in non-CF and CF pigs are similar. However, after cholinergic stimulation, which stimulates submucosal gland secretion, particles become stuck in the CF airways owing to a failure of mucus strands to release from submucosal glands. In this review, we summarize these recent discoveries and also discuss the morphology, composition, and function of mucins in the porcine lung.
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47
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Demouveaux B, Gouyer V, Robbe-Masselot C, Gottrand F, Narita T, Desseyn JL. Mucin CYS domain stiffens the mucus gel hindering bacteria and spermatozoa. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16993. [PMID: 31740753 PMCID: PMC6861317 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53547-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucus is the first biological barrier encountered by particles and pathogenic bacteria at the surface of secretory epithelia. The viscoelasticity of mucus is governed in part by low energy interactions that are difficult to assess. The CYS domain is a good candidate to support low energy interactions between GFMs and/or mucus constituents. Our aim was to stiffen the mucus from HT29-MTX cell cocultures and the colon of mice through the delivery of a recombinant protein made of hydrophobic CYS domains and found in multiple copies in polymeric mucins. The ability of the delivery of a poly-CYS molecule to stiffen mucus gels was assessed by probing cellular motility and particle diffusion. We demonstrated that poly-CYS enrichment decreases mucus permeability and hinders displacement of pathogenic flagellated bacteria and spermatozoa. Particle tracking microrheology showed a decrease of mucus diffusivity. The empirical obstruction scaling model evidenced a decrease of mesh size for mouse mucus enriched with poly-CYS molecules. Our data bring evidence that enrichment with a protein made of CYS domains stiffens the mucin network to provide a more impermeable and protective mucus barrier than mucus without such enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valérie Gouyer
- Inserm, Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, LIRIC UMR 995, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Catherine Robbe-Masselot
- CNRS, Univ. Lille, UMR 8576, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF), F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Frédéric Gottrand
- Inserm, Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, LIRIC UMR 995, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Tetsuharu Narita
- CNRS, PSL Research University, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, ESPCI Paris, UMR 7615, Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231, Paris, Cedex 05, France.,Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jean-Luc Desseyn
- Inserm, Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, LIRIC UMR 995, F-59000, Lille, France.
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Łysik D, Mystkowska J, Markiewicz G, Deptuła P, Bucki R. The Influence of Mucin-Based Artificial Saliva on Properties of Polycaprolactone and Polylactide. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1880. [PMID: 31739431 PMCID: PMC6918373 DOI: 10.3390/polym11111880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycaprolactone (PCL) and polylactide (PLA) are the two most common biodegradable polymers with potential use in oral applications. Both polymers undergo mainly slow hydrolytic degradation in the human body. However, specific conditions of the oral cavity, like elevated temperature, low pH, and presence of saliva affect the rate of hydrolysis. The study examined the properties of solid samples of PCL and PLA subjected to degradation in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and artificial saliva (AS) at temperatures of 37 or 42 °C, and pH values 2 or 7.4. A number of tests were performed, including measurement of the degree of swelling, weight loss, molecular weight, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetry of polymers, as well as hardness and tensile strength. Additionally, topography and stiffness of surfaces using atomic force microscopy are presented. It has been noticed that in the artificial saliva, the processes of polymer degradation occur slightly more slowly, and the effects of temperature and pH are less pronounced. We believe that a layer of porcine gastric mucin from artificial saliva that adsorbed on the surface of polymers may have a key role in the observed differences; this layer resembles protective mucin coating tissues in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Łysik
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Joanna Mystkowska
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Markiewicz
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Piotr Deptuła
- Department of Microbiological and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (P.D.); (R.B.)
| | - Robert Bucki
- Department of Microbiological and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (P.D.); (R.B.)
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Saha B, Chatterjee A, Reja A, Das D. Condensates of short peptides and ATP for the temporal regulation of cytochrome c activity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14194-14197. [PMID: 31702760 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07358b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the generation of simple condensates of short peptides with ATP, which are spatiotemporally formed under dissipative conditions created in presence of ATP-ase. These coacervates could imbibe cytochrome c and temporally modulate a redox reaction catalyzed by the entrapped protein, thus mimicking the advanced functional machinery of transient intercellular membraneless condensates of large proteins and RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baishakhi Saha
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, India.
| | - Ayan Chatterjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, India.
| | - Antara Reja
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, India.
| | - Dibyendu Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, India.
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50
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Study of mucin interaction with model phospholipid membrane at the air–water interface. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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