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Ghosh S, Pawar R, Kangralkar V, Mallya AD, Dhere RM, Bolgiano B, Ravenscroft N. Acid hydrolysis conditions for quantification of meningococcal X polysaccharide in a pentavalent vaccine using HPAEC-PAD/ESI-MS. Anal Biochem 2023; 683:115363. [PMID: 37866526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
A selective and sensitive method was evaluated for quantitation of meningococcal X (Men X) polysaccharide in pentavalent meningococcal A, C, W, Y and X conjugate vaccine using different acid hydrolysis conditions like HCl, TFA, HF, HF-TFA, and HF-HCl. High-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) using CarboPac PA10 column was used to identify the hydrolyzed products based on retention time and its comparison with monosaccharide standards. Complete release of glucosamine (GlcN) from Men X in monovalent bulk and pentavalent vaccine samples was achieved using HF hydrolysis at 80 °C for 2 h. The Men X HF-hydrolyzed polysaccharide to glucosamine along with the reference standard was identified using collision-induced dissociation (CID) electrospray mass spectroscopy and the MS/MS fragments of m/z 162, m/z 144 and m/z 84. Meningococcal polysaccharide concentration was determined with a correlation coefficient r2 >0.99 using polysaccharide reference standard. The serogroups A, W, and Y were converted to their monosaccharides units and quantified using this method however, milder acid hydrolysis 0.1 M HCl 80 °C 2 h for release of sialic acid for Men C polysaccharide was found to be more suitable. These methods will provide necessary tools and prove to be beneficial to laboratories developing new saccharide-based vaccine combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Ghosh
- Serum Institute of India Pvt Ltd, Serum Biopharma Park, 212/2, Hadapsar, Pune, 411 028, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rakesh Pawar
- Serum Institute of India Pvt Ltd, Serum Biopharma Park, 212/2, Hadapsar, Pune, 411 028, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vivek Kangralkar
- Serum Institute of India Pvt Ltd, Serum Biopharma Park, 212/2, Hadapsar, Pune, 411 028, Maharashtra, India
| | - Asha D Mallya
- Serum Institute of India Pvt Ltd, Serum Biopharma Park, 212/2, Hadapsar, Pune, 411 028, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Rajeev M Dhere
- Serum Institute of India Pvt Ltd, Serum Biopharma Park, 212/2, Hadapsar, Pune, 411 028, Maharashtra, India
| | - Barbara Bolgiano
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, South Mimms, AL3 6DP, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Ravenscroft
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
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2
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Mekasha S, Toupalová H, Linggadjaja E, Tolani HA, Anděra L, Arntzen MØ, Vaaje-Kolstad G, Eijsink VGH, Agger JW. A novel analytical method for d-glucosamine quantification and its application in the analysis of chitosan degradation by a minimal enzyme cocktail. Carbohydr Res 2016; 433:18-24. [PMID: 27423879 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic depolymerization of chitosan, a β-(1,4)-linked polycationic polysaccharide composed of d-glucosamine (GlcN) and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) provides a possible route to the exploitation of chitin-rich biomass. Complete conversion of chitosan to mono-sugars requires the synergistic action of endo- and exo- chitosanases. In the present study we have developed an efficient and cost-effective chitosan-degrading enzyme cocktail containing only two enzymes, an endo-attacking bacterial chitosanase, ScCsn46A, from Streptomyces coelicolor, and an exo-attacking glucosamine specific β-glucosaminidase, Tk-Glm, from the archaeon Thermococcus kodakarensis KOD1. Moreover, we developed a fast, reliable quantitative method for analysis of GlcN using high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). The sensitivity of this method is high and less than 50 pmol was easily detected, which is about 1000-fold better than the sensitivity of more commonly used detection methods based on refractive index. We also obtained qualitative insight into product development during the enzymatic degradation reaction by means of ElectroSpray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophanit Mekasha
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Hana Toupalová
- Apronex s.r.o., Nad Safinou II/365, Vestec, 252 42 Jesenice u Prahy, Czech Republic
| | - Eka Linggadjaja
- PT Biotech Surindo, Komp. Pelabuhan Perikanan Kejawanan Jl. Pelabuhan Perikanan No. 1, Cirebon, West Java 45113, Indonesia
| | - Harish A Tolani
- PT Biotech Surindo, Komp. Pelabuhan Perikanan Kejawanan Jl. Pelabuhan Perikanan No. 1, Cirebon, West Java 45113, Indonesia
| | - Ladislav Anděra
- Apronex s.r.o., Nad Safinou II/365, Vestec, 252 42 Jesenice u Prahy, Czech Republic
| | - Magnus Ø Arntzen
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Gustav Vaaje-Kolstad
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Vincent G H Eijsink
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Jane W Agger
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway; Center for Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
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3
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Adamo R, Micoli F, Proietti D, Berti F. Efficient Synthesis of Meningococcal X Polysaccharide Repeating Unit (N-Acetylglucosamine-4-phosphate) as Analytical Standard for Polysaccharide Determination. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2013.853189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Adamo
- a Research Center , Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics , Siena , Italy
| | - Francesca Micoli
- b Research Center , Novartis Vaccines Institute for Global Health , Siena , Italy
| | - Daniela Proietti
- a Research Center , Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics , Siena , Italy
| | - Francesco Berti
- a Research Center , Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics , Siena , Italy
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4
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Micoli F, Adamo R, Proietti D, Gavini M, Romano MR, MacLennan CA, Costantino P, Berti F. Meningococcal X polysaccharide quantification by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography using synthetic N-acetylglucosamine-4-phosphate as standard. Anal Biochem 2013; 442:259-61. [PMID: 23938776 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A method for meningococcal X (MenX) polysaccharide quantification by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) is described. The polysaccharide is hydrolyzed by strong acidic treatment, and the peak of glucosamine-4-phosphate (4P-GlcN) is detected and measured after chromatography. In the selected conditions of hydrolysis, 4P-GlcN is the prevalent species formed, with GlcN detected for less than 5% in moles. As standard for the analysis, the monomeric unit of MenX polysaccharide, N-acetylglucosamine-4-phosphate (4P-GlcNAc), was used. This method for MenX quantification is highly selective and sensitive, and it constitutes an important analytical tool for the development of a conjugate vaccine against MenX.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Micoli
- Novartis Vaccines Institute for Global Health, Via Fiorentina 1, I-53100 Siena, Italy
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5
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Sanches-Silva A, Ribeiro T, Albuquerque TG, Paseiro P, Sendón R, de Quirós AB, López-Cervantes J, Sánchez-Machado DI, Valdez HS, Angulo I, Aurrekoetxea GP, Costa HS. Ultra-high pressure LC determination of glucosamine in shrimp by-products and migration tests of chitosan films. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:633-40. [PMID: 22517638 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan, a multiple applications molecule, was isolated from shrimp by-products by fermentation. The amount of chitosan in the solid fraction of the fermented extract was measured after its conversion in the respective glucosamine units. The procedure includes an acid hydrolysis (110 °C, 4 h with HCl 8 M) and a derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (Fmoc-Cl). Ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography method was developed and optimized. Excellent peaks resolution was achieved in just 10 min. The method was evaluated in what concerns to validation parameters such as linearity, repeatability, quantification limit, and recovery. Migration tests of films prepared with chitosan were carried out in two simulants: ultrapure water and ethanol 95% (v/v).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sanches-Silva
- Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal.
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6
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Xie O, Bolgiano B, Gao F, Lockyer K, Swann C, Jones C, Delrieu I, Njanpop-Lafourcade BM, Tamekloe TA, Pollard AJ, Norheim G. Characterization of size, structure and purity of serogroup X Neisseria meningitidis polysaccharide, and development of an assay for quantification of human antibodies. Vaccine 2012; 30:5812-23. [PMID: 22835740 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 06/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Serogroup X Neisseria meningitidis (MenX) has recently emerged as a cause of localized disease outbreaks in sub-Saharan Africa. In order to prepare for vaccine development, MenX polysaccharide (MenX PS) was purified by standard methods and analyzed for identity and structure by NMR spectroscopy. This study presents the first full assignment of the structure of the MenX PS using (13)C, (1)H and (31)P NMR spectroscopy and total correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY) and (1)H-(13)C heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC). Molecular size distribution analysis using HPLC-SEC with multi-angle laser light scattering (MALLS) found the single peak of MenX PS to have a weight-average molar mass of 247,000g/mol, slightly higher than a reference preparation of purified serogroup C meningococcal polysaccharide. MenX PS tended to be more thermostable than serogroup A PS. A method for the quantification of MenX PS was developed by use of high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). A novel and specific ELISA assay for quantification of human anti-MenX PS IgG based on covalent linkage of the MenX PS to functionally modified microtitre plates was developed and found valid for the assessment of the specific antibody concentrations produced in response to MenX vaccination or natural infection. The current work thus provides the necessary background for the development of a MenX PS-based vaccine to prevent meningococcal infection caused by bacteria bearing this capsule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouli Xie
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX3 7TU, UK
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7
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Huang TM, Deng CH, Chen NZ, Liu Z, Duan GL. High performance liquid chromatography for the determination of glucosamine sulfate in human plasma after derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate. J Sep Sci 2007; 29:2296-302. [PMID: 17120813 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a simple, rapid, sensitive, and reliable method for the determination of glucosamine sulfate in human plasma, which was based on derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOC-Cl) followed by reverse-phase HPLC-FLD. For the first time, FMOC-Cl was introduced into derivatization of glucosamine sulfate in human plasma. The amino groups of glucosamine sulfate and vertilmicin sulfate (the internal standard) were trapped with FMOC-Cl to form glucosamine-FMOC-Cl and vertilmicin-FMOC-Cl adducts, which can be very suitable for HPLC-FLD. Precipitation of plasma proteins by acetonitrile was followed by vortex mixing and centrifugation. Chromatographic separation was performed on a C18 column (DIAMONSIL 150 x 4 mm id, 5 microm) with a mobile phase gradient consisting of acetonitrile and water at a flow-rate of 1 mL/min. The retention times of glucosamine-FMOC-Cl and vertilmicin-FMOC-Cl adducts were 8.9 and 21.2 min, respectively. This method was shown to be selective and sensitive for glucosamine sulfate. The limit of detection was 15 ng/mL for glucosamine sulfate in plasma and the linear range was 0.1-10 mg/mL in plasma with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9999. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of intra-day and inter-day assays were 5.2-8.1% and 6.1- 8.5%, respectively. Extraction recoveries of glucosamine sulfate in plasma were greater than 90%. The validated method was successfully applied to the determination of glucosamine sulfate in human plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao-min Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
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Zhu X, Cai J, Yang J, Su Q. Determination of glucosamine in impure chitin samples by high-performance liquid chromatography. Carbohydr Res 2005; 340:1732-8. [PMID: 15936737 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2005.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2004] [Accepted: 01/30/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid, selective, and specific high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed to quantitate glucosamine, and its application for estimating purity of chitin was investigated. The chromatographic separation was achieved using a reversed-phase C8 column, pre-column derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl chloride (Fmoc-Cl) and ultraviolet detection (lambda=254 nm). The mobile phase consisted of CH3CN and H2O. The optimum conditions of acid hydrolysis of chitin (concentration of HCl, temperature, and heating time) was obtained by performing the orthogonal array design (OAD) procedure and the released glucosamine was determined by the above HPLC method. The accuracy of the method was checked by the standard addition technique. The method was found to be specific with good linearity, accuracy, precision, and well suited for quantitation of glucosamine and determination of the purity of chitin in biological materials and food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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