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Oyagbemi A, Omobowale T, Adejumobi O, Ugbor F, Asenuga E, Ajibade T, Afolabi J, Ogunpolu B, Falayi O, Gbadamos I, Ola-Davies O, Saba A, Ashafa A, Yakubu M, Adedapo A, Oguntibeju O. Antihypertensive effect of methanol leaf extract of Azadirachta indica is mediated through suppression of renal caspase 3 expressions on Nω-Nitro-l-arginine methyl ester induced hypertension. Pharmacognosy Res 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pr.pr_10_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Franchi C, Bianchi E, Pupillo E, Poloni M, Nobili A, Fortino I, Bortolotti A, Merlino L, Beghi E. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and motor neuron disease: An unconfirmed association. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2016; 17:385-8. [PMID: 26913547 DOI: 10.3109/21678421.2016.1143515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin II receptors blockers (ARBs) and motor neuron disease (MND). METHODS This is a population-based nested case-control study. Data were obtained from a population registry and the administrative database of the Lombardy Region (Northern Italy) from 2000 through 2010. Included were 1,200 patients with newly diagnosed MND/ALS and 120,000 controls, randomly selected from the same population and matched for gender, age and area of residence. Exposure to ACEIs or ARBs was quantified using defined daily doses (DDDs). Cumulative DDD (cDDD) was estimated as the sum of dispensed DDDs in the preceding 5 years, excluding 1 year before the MND/ALS diagnosis. Overall exposure, levels of exposure, and individual drugs were all assessed. Subgroup analyses were performed according to age, sex, ALS and ACEI-ARB association. RESULTS There was no significant association between MND/ALS and antecedent use of ACEIs or ARBs. Data were confirmed in multivariable models and in subgroups. CONCLUSIONS A protective role of ACEIs and ARBs in MND was not confirmed. Differences with a previous report (showing an inverse association between ACEIs and ALS) can be explained by different genetic background, dietary habits and susceptibility to environmental exposures, including drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Franchi
- a Department of Neuroscience , IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" , Milan , Italy and
| | - Elisa Bianchi
- a Department of Neuroscience , IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" , Milan , Italy and
| | - Elisabetta Pupillo
- a Department of Neuroscience , IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" , Milan , Italy and
| | - Marco Poloni
- a Department of Neuroscience , IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" , Milan , Italy and
| | - Alessandro Nobili
- a Department of Neuroscience , IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" , Milan , Italy and
| | - Ida Fortino
- b Regional Health Ministry, Lombardy Region , Milan , Italy
| | | | - Luca Merlino
- b Regional Health Ministry, Lombardy Region , Milan , Italy
| | - Ettore Beghi
- a Department of Neuroscience , IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" , Milan , Italy and
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Lemmo W. Potential interactions of prescription and over‐the‐counter medications having antioxidant capabilities with radiation and chemotherapy. Int J Cancer 2014; 137:2525-33. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Lemmo
- LEMMO Integrated Cancer Care Inc.Vancouver Canada
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Effect of the antihypertensive drug enalapril on oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzymes in kidney of spontaneously hypertensive rat. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:608512. [PMID: 25254079 PMCID: PMC4164806 DOI: 10.1155/2014/608512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been suggested to play a role in hypertension and hypertension induced organ damage. This study examined the effect of enalapril, an antihypertensive drug, on oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzymes in kidney of spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and Nω -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) administered SHR. Male rats were divided into four groups (SHR, SHR+enalapril, SHR+L-NAME, and SHR+enalapril+L-NAME). Enalapril (30 mg kg−1 day−1) was administered from week 4 to week 28 and L-NAME (25 mg kg−1 day−1) was administered from week 16 to week 28 in drinking water. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured during the experimental period. At the end of experimental periods, rats were sacrificed; urine, blood, and kidneys were collected for the assessment of creatinine clearance, total protein, total antioxidant status (TAS), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), as well as histopathological examination. Enalapril treatment significantly enhanced the renal TAS level (P < 0.001) and SOD activity (P < 0.001), reduced the TBARS levels (P < 0.001), and also prevented the renal dysfunction and histopathological changes. The results indicate that, besides its hypotensive and renoprotective effects, enalapril treatment also diminishes oxidative stress in the kidneys of both the SHR and SHR+L-NAME groups.
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Abstract
The cellular metabolism of oxygen generates potentially deleterious reactive oxygen species, including superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical. Under normal physiologic conditions, the rate and magnitude of oxidant formation is balanced by the rate of oxidant elimination. However, an imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants results in oxidative stress, which is the pathogenic outcome of the overproduction of oxidants that overwhelms the cellular antioxidant capacity. There is growing evidence that increased oxidative stress and associated oxidative damage are mediators of vascular injury in cardiovascular pathologies, including hypertension, atherosclerosis and ischemia-reperfusion. This development has evoked considerable interest because of the possibilities that therapies targeted against reactive oxygen intermediates by decreasing the generation of reactive oxygen species and/or by increasing availability of antioxidants may be useful in minimizing vascular injury. This review focuses on the vascular actions of reactive oxygen species, the role of oxidative stress in vascular damage in hypertension and the therapeutic potential of modulating oxygen radical bioavailability in hypertension. In particular, the following topics will be highlighted: chemistry and sources of reactive oxygen species, antioxidant defense mechanisms, signaling events mediated by reactive oxygen species, role of reactive oxygen species in hypertension and the putative therapeutic role of antioxidants in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhian M Touyz
- Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Pytel E, Duchnowicz P, Jackowska P, Wojdan K, Koter-Michalak M, Broncel M. Disorders of erythrocyte structure and function in hypertensive patients. Med Sci Monit 2012; 18:BR331-336. [PMID: 22847194 PMCID: PMC3560691 DOI: 10.12659/msm.883265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of hypertension is growing at an alarming rate. Increasing attention is being focussed on the oxidative stress accompanying this disease. In this study we examined the impact of this disease on some parameters of erythrocytes and human blood plasma. Material/Methods We examined the impact of hypertension on some parameters of erythrocytes and human plasma. The study involved 13 patients with hypertension and 19 healthy subjects. We determined lipid peroxidation, SH groups concentration, antioxidants enzymes activity, ATPase activity, total antioxidant capacity, total cholesterol level and erythrocyte membrane fluidity. Results We found an increased level of lipid peroxidation and the concentration of SH groups in membrane proteins in patients with hypertension, and a decrease in the activity of catalase and superoxide dysmutase. No changes were observed in glutathione peroxidase and ATPase activity, level of total antioxidant capacity, total cholesterol level and fluidity of erythrocyte membranes. Conclusions These results suggest the existence of an impaired oxidative balance in hypertensive human erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Pytel
- Department of Environment Pollution Biophysics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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Mahajan AS, Babbar R, Kansal N, Agarwal SK, Ray PC. Antihypertensive and antioxidant action of amlodipine and vitamin C in patients of essential hypertension. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2011; 40:141-7. [PMID: 18188416 PMCID: PMC2127225 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.40.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2006] [Accepted: 10/20/2006] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of essential hypertension includes increased oxidative stress. The role of antihypertensive drug amlodipine as an antioxidant and the benefit of addition of vitamin C, an antioxidant to antihypertensive therapy were studied. Forty male patients of essential hypertension were randomly divided into two groups and treated with 5 mg amlodipine. In addition one group also received 1000 mg vitamin C (as two 500 mg tablets) once daily for three months. Although blood pressure decreased in both groups, the systolic blood pressure in patients given vitamin C was less (126.4 ± 7.47) compared to the other group (130.9 ± 7.27). A decrease in malondialdehyde, an increase in erythrocyte sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na+ K+ ATPase) and an increase in the superoxide dismutase levels were observed in both groups. The increase in SOD was statistically more in the patients given vitamin C in addition to amlodipine (0.1717 ± 0.0150 compared to 0.152 ± 0.0219 units/100 ml assay). In spite of the known antihypertensive, antioxidant activity, similarity in correcting endothelial dysfunction independently, giving the two drugs together and early introduction of vitamin C perhaps decreases oxidative stress and augments the antioxidant status. This may prevent further vascular damage due to oxidative stress, leading to a better prognosis in essential hypertension patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti S Mahajan
- Department of Physiology, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak, Hospital, New Delhi 110002, India
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Erejuwa OO, Sulaiman SA, Wahab MSA, Sirajudeen KNS, Salleh MSM, Gurtu S. Differential responses to blood pressure and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar-Kyoto rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats: effects of antioxidant (honey) treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:1888-907. [PMID: 21673929 PMCID: PMC3111640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12031888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2010] [Revised: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis and/or complications of hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus. A combination of these disorders increases the risk of developing cardiovascular events. This study investigated the effects of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg; ip)-induced diabetes on blood pressure, oxidative stress and effects of honey on these parameters in the kidneys of streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Diabetic WKY and SHR were randomized into four groups and received distilled water (0.5 mL) and honey (1.0 g/kg) orally once daily for three weeks. Control SHR had reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased systolic blood pressure (SBP), catalase (CAT) activity, and total antioxidant status (TAS). SBP, activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) were elevated while TAS was reduced in diabetic WKY. In contrast, SBP, TAS, activities of GPx and GR were reduced in diabetic SHR. Antioxidant (honey) treatment further reduced SBP in diabetic SHR but not in diabetic WKY. It also increased TAS, GSH, reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio, activities of GPx and GR in diabetic SHR. These data suggest that differences in types, severity, and complications of diseases as well as strains may influence responses to blood pressure and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omotayo O. Erejuwa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia; E-Mails: (S.A.S.); (M.S.A.W.)
| | - Siti A. Sulaiman
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia; E-Mails: (S.A.S.); (M.S.A.W.)
| | - Mohd Suhaimi Ab Wahab
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia; E-Mails: (S.A.S.); (M.S.A.W.)
| | - Kuttulebbai N. S. Sirajudeen
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia; E-Mail:
| | - Md Salzihan Md Salleh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia; E-Mail:
| | - Sunil Gurtu
- Monash University Sunway Campus, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 46150, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia; E-Mail:
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Sobolev A, Franssen M, Duburs G, Groot AD. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of enantiopure 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420400009939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Peroxynitrite is Involved in the dysfunction of vasorelaxation in SHR/NDmcr-cp rats, spontaneously hypertensive obese rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2008; 50:677-85. [PMID: 18091585 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3181583d80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
SHR/NDmcr-cp (SHR-cp) rats display typical symptoms and features of the metabolic syndrome. We previously reported that endothelium-dependent relaxation decreases in the thoracic aortas of SHR-cp rats, despite increased nitric oxide (NO) production from the endothelium. In the present study, to search for the reasons for this contradiction, we investigated whether vascular abnormality could be reduced by treatment of SHR-cp rats with antihypertensive drugs; a calcium channel blocker (amlodipine), an alpha 2 and imidazoline receptor agonist (moxonidine), and an angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonist (telmisartan). Telmisartan but not amlodipine and moxonidine ameliorated the impairment of relaxation in response to acetylcholine and the increased protein expression of endothelium NO synthase in thoracic aortas. All three drugs significantly lowered the blood pressure. Telmisartan decreased the serum levels of lipid peroxide and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, oxidative stress markers, and also the aortic levels of the protein expression of gp91, a component of NADPH oxidase, and 3-nitrotyrosine, a biomarker of peroxynitrite. These findings suggest that NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide, probably produced due to stimulation of AT1 receptors, reacts with NO to form peroxynitrite, and consequently decreases active NO, leading to attenuation of endothelium-dependent relaxation. Angiotensin receptor antagonists may be effective for preventing endothelial dysfunction in metabolic syndrome.
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El-Demerdash E, Salam OMA, El-Batran SA, Abdallah HMI, Shaffie NM. Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system attenuates the development of liver fibrosis and oxidative stress in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2007; 35:159-67. [PMID: 17900296 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04797.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
1. The present study was designed to investigate the potential antifibrotic and anti-oxidant effects of lisinopril, fosinopril and losartan in an experimental rat model of liver injury using carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)). 2. First, the potential hepatoprotective dose of each drug was screened against CCl(4)-induced acute hepatotoxicity. Then, we chose the minimum hepatoprotective dose of each drug to further investigate the mechanisms involved in the hepatoprotection using a chronic model of hepatotoxicity induced by CCl(4). 3. Liver function was assessed in addition to histopathological examination. Furthermore, oxidative stress markers (reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxides levels) and markers of fibrosis (hydroxyproline content and liver fibrosis area) were assessed. 4. It was found that treatment of animals with different drugs concomitantly with CCl(4) significantly counteracted the changes in liver function induced by CCl(4) (except fosinopril). In addition, the drugs ameliorated the histopathological changes induced by CCl(4). All drugs significantly counteracted lipid peroxidation and GSH depletion (except fosinopril) compared with the CCl(4)-intoxicated group. Moreover, the drugs studied significantly reduced liver hydroxyproline levels and the area of fibrosis compared with the CCl(4)-intoxicated group. 5. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence for the hepatoprotective effect of lisinopril, fosinopril and losartan. Both lisinopril and losartan was found to have better hepatoprotective potential than fosinopril against CCl(4)-induced hepatotoxicity. These hepatoprotective effects can be explained on the basis of anti-oxidant and antifibrotic mechanisms, mainly enhancement of GSH and reduction of lipid peroxidation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtehal El-Demerdash
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Ryabokon NI, Goncharova RI, Duburs G, Rzeszowska-Wolny J. A 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative reduces DNA damage and stimulates DNA repair in human cells in vitro. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2005; 587:52-8. [PMID: 16202640 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2005.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2005] [Revised: 07/18/2005] [Accepted: 07/30/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Compounds of the 1,4-dihydropyridine (1,4-DHP) series have been shown to reduce spontaneous, alkylation- and radiation-induced mutation rates in animal test systems. Here we report studies using AV-153, the 1,4-DHP derivative that showed the highest antimutagenic activity in those tests, to examine if it modulates DNA repair in human peripheral blood lymphocytes and in two human lymphoblastoid cell lines, Raji and HL-60. AV-153 caused a 50% inhibition of growth (IC50) of Raji and HL-60 cells at 14.9+/-1.2 and 10.3+/-0.8mM, respectively, but did not show a cytotoxic effect at concentrations <100 microM. Alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assays showed that AV-153 reduced the number of DNA strand breaks in untreated cells and also in cells exposed to 2 Gy of gamma-radiation, 100 microM ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS), or 100 microM H2O2. DNA damage was reduced by up to 87% at AV-153 concentrations between 1 and 10nM, and a positive dose-effect relationship was seen between 0.01 and 1 nM. Comparison of the kinetics of DNA strand-break rejoining in the presence and absence of AV-153 revealed a considerable influence on the rate of repair. In view of the resemblance of this compound's structure to that of dihydronicotinamide, a substrate for poly(ADP-rybose)polymerase, the modulation of DNA repair by AV-153 could involve an influence on poly(ADP)ribosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda I Ryabokon
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Radiobiology, Centre of Oncology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Institute, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland
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Touyz RM, Schiffrin EL. Reactive oxygen species in vascular biology: implications in hypertension. Histochem Cell Biol 2004; 122:339-52. [PMID: 15338229 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-004-0696-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 442] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2004] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide (*O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl anion (OH-), and reactive nitrogen species, such as nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-), are biologically important O2 derivatives that are increasingly recognized to be important in vascular biology through their oxidation/reduction (redox) potential. All vascular cell types (endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and adventitial fibroblasts) produce ROS, primarily via cell membrane-associated NAD(P)H oxidase. Reactive oxygen species regulate vascular function by modulating cell growth, apoptosis/anoikis, migration, inflammation, secretion, and extracellular matrix protein production. An imbalance in redox state where pro-oxidants overwhelm anti-oxidant capacity results in oxidative stress. Oxidative stress and associated oxidative damage are mediators of vascular injury and inflammation in many cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. Increased generation of ROS has been demonstrated in experimental and human hypertension. Anti-oxidants and agents that interrupt NAD(P)H oxidase-driven *O2- production regress vascular remodeling, improve endothelial function, reduce inflammation, and decrease blood pressure in hypertensive models. This experimental evidence has evoked considerable interest because of the possibilities that therapies targeted against reactive oxygen intermediates, by decreasing generation of ROS and/or by increasing availability of antioxidants, may be useful in minimizing vascular injury and hypertensive end organ damage. The present chapter focuses on the importance of ROS in vascular biology and discusses the role of oxidative stress in vascular damage in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Touyz
- Multidisciplinary Research Group on Hypertension, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, University of Montreal, 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec, H2W 1R7, Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Bartosz
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, University of Lódź, Lódź, Poland
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