1
|
Cho W, Oh H, Choi SW, Abd El-Aty AM, Yeşilyurt F, Jeong JH, Jung TW. Musclin Mitigates the Attachment of HUVECs to THP-1 Monocytes in Hyperlipidemic Conditions through PPARα/HO-1-Mediated Attenuation of Inflammation. Inflammation 2024; 47:1-12. [PMID: 37737929 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01904-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Musclin, a myokine, undergoes modulation during exercise and has demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects in cardiomyocytes and glomeruli. However, its role in atherosclerotic responses remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the impact of musclin on inflammatory responses and the interaction between endothelial cells and monocytes under hyperlipidemic conditions. The attachment levels of THP-1 monocytes on cultured HUVECs were examined. Inflammation and the expression of cell adhesion molecules were also evaluated. To explore the molecular mechanisms of musclin, PPARα or heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) siRNA transfection was performed in HUVECs. The results revealed that treatment with recombinant musclin effectively suppressed the attachment of palmitate-induced HUVECs to THP-1 cells and reduced the expression of cell adhesion proteins (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin) in HUVECs. Furthermore, musclin treatment ameliorated the expression of inflammation markers (phosphorylated NFκB and IκB) in both HUVECs and THP-1 monocytes, as well as the release of TNFα and MCP-1 from HUVECs and THP-1 monocytes. Notably, musclin treatment augmented the expression levels of PPARα and HO-1. However, when PPARα or HO-1 siRNA was employed, the beneficial effects of musclin on inflammation, cell attachment, and adhesion molecule expression were abolished. These findings indicate that musclin exerts anti-inflammatory effects via the PPARα/HO-1 pathway, thereby mitigating the interaction between endothelial cells and monocytes. This study provides evidence supporting the important role of musclin in ameliorating obesity-related arteriosclerosis and highlights its potential as a therapeutic agent for treating arteriosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wonjun Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 221, Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeseung Oh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 221, Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woo Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 221, Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Fatma Yeşilyurt
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 221, Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Woo Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 221, Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen K, Mou R, Zhu P, Xu X, Wang H, Jiang L, Hu Y, Hu X, Ma L, Xiao Q, Xu Q. The Effect of Lymphangiogenesis in Transplant Arteriosclerosis. Circulation 2023; 147:482-497. [PMID: 36515099 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.060799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transplant arteriosclerosis is a major complication in long-term survivors of heart transplantation. Increased lymph flow from donor heart to host lymph nodes has been reported to play a role in transplant arteriosclerosis, but how lymphangiogenesis affects this process is unknown. METHODS Vascular allografts were transplanted among various combinations of mice, including wild-type, Lyve1-CreERT2;R26-tdTomato, CAG-Cre-tdTomato, severe combined immune deficiency, Ccr2KO, Foxn1KO, and lghm/lghdKO mice. Whole-mount staining and 3-dimensional reconstruction identified lymphatic vessels within the grafted arteries. Lineage tracing strategies delineated the cellular origin of lymphatic endothelial cells. Adeno-associated viral vectors and a selective inhibitor were used to regulate lymphangiogenesis. RESULTS Lymphangiogenesis within allograft vessels began at the anastomotic sites and extended from preexisting lymphatic vessels in the host. Tertiary lymphatic organs were identified in transplanted arteries at the anastomotic site and lymphatic vessels expressing CCL21 (chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 21) were associated with these immune structures. Fibroblasts in the vascular allografts released VEGF-C (vascular endothelial growth factor C), which stimulated lymphangiogenesis into the grafts. Inhibition of VEGF-C signaling inhibited lymphangiogenesis, neointima formation, and adventitial fibrosis of vascular allografts. These studies identified VEGF-C released from fibroblasts as a signal stimulating lymphangiogenesis extending from the host into the vascular allografts. CONCLUSIONS Formation of lymphatic vessels plays a key role in the immune response to vascular transplantation. The inhibition of lymphangiogenesis may be a novel approach to prevent transplant arteriosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Departments of Cardiology (K.C., R.M., P.Z., X.X., L.J., Y.H., X.H., Qingbo Xu), the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong Mou
- Departments of Cardiology (K.C., R.M., P.Z., X.X., L.J., Y.H., X.H., Qingbo Xu), the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengwei Zhu
- Departments of Cardiology (K.C., R.M., P.Z., X.X., L.J., Y.H., X.H., Qingbo Xu), the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Departments of Cardiology (K.C., R.M., P.Z., X.X., L.J., Y.H., X.H., Qingbo Xu), the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Wang
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (H.W., Qingzhong Xiao)
| | - Liujun Jiang
- Departments of Cardiology (K.C., R.M., P.Z., X.X., L.J., Y.H., X.H., Qingbo Xu), the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Hu
- Departments of Cardiology (K.C., R.M., P.Z., X.X., L.J., Y.H., X.H., Qingbo Xu), the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaosheng Hu
- Departments of Cardiology (K.C., R.M., P.Z., X.X., L.J., Y.H., X.H., Qingbo Xu), the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Cardiovascular Surgery (L.M.), the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingzhong Xiao
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (H.W., Qingzhong Xiao)
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Departments of Cardiology (K.C., R.M., P.Z., X.X., L.J., Y.H., X.H., Qingbo Xu), the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Berlanga-Acosta J, Fernández-Mayola M, Mendoza-Marí Y, García-Ojalvo A, Martinez-Jimenez I, Rodriguez-Rodriguez N, Playford RJ, Reyes-Acosta O, Lopez-Marín L, Guillén-Nieto G. Intralesional Infiltrations of Arteriosclerotic Tissue Cells-Free Filtrate Reproduce Vascular Pathology in Healthy Recipient Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031511. [PMID: 35163435 PMCID: PMC8835913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower-extremity arterial disease is a major health problem with increasing prevalence, often leading to non-traumatic amputation, disability and mortality. The molecular mechanisms underpinning abnormal vascular wall remodeling are not fully understood. We hypothesized on the existence of a vascular tissue memory that may be transmitted through soluble signaling messengers, transferred from humans to healthy recipient animals, and consequently drive the recapitulation of arterial wall thickening and other vascular pathologies. We examined the effects of the intralesional infiltration for 6 days of arteriosclerotic popliteal artery-derived homogenates (100 µg of protein) into rats’ full-thickness wounds granulation tissue. Animals infiltrated with normal saline solution or healthy brachial arterial tissue homogenate obtained from traumatic amputation served as controls. The significant thickening of arteriolar walls was the constant outcome in two independent experiments for animals receiving arteriosclerotic tissue homogenates. This material induced other vascular morphological changes including an endothelial cell phenotypic reprogramming that mirrored the donor’s vascular histopathology. The immunohistochemical expression pattern of relevant vascular markers appeared to match between the human tissue and the corresponding recipient rats. These changes occurred within days of administration, and with no cross-species limitation. The identification of these “vascular disease drivers” may pave novel research avenues for atherosclerosis pathobiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Berlanga-Acosta
- Tissue Repair, Wound Healing and Cytoprotection Research Group, Biomedical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave. 31 S/N. e/158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana 10600, Cuba; (M.F.-M.); (Y.M.-M.); (A.G.-O.); (I.M.-J.); (N.R.-R.); (O.R.-A.); (G.G.-N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Maday Fernández-Mayola
- Tissue Repair, Wound Healing and Cytoprotection Research Group, Biomedical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave. 31 S/N. e/158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana 10600, Cuba; (M.F.-M.); (Y.M.-M.); (A.G.-O.); (I.M.-J.); (N.R.-R.); (O.R.-A.); (G.G.-N.)
| | - Yssel Mendoza-Marí
- Tissue Repair, Wound Healing and Cytoprotection Research Group, Biomedical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave. 31 S/N. e/158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana 10600, Cuba; (M.F.-M.); (Y.M.-M.); (A.G.-O.); (I.M.-J.); (N.R.-R.); (O.R.-A.); (G.G.-N.)
| | - Ariana García-Ojalvo
- Tissue Repair, Wound Healing and Cytoprotection Research Group, Biomedical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave. 31 S/N. e/158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana 10600, Cuba; (M.F.-M.); (Y.M.-M.); (A.G.-O.); (I.M.-J.); (N.R.-R.); (O.R.-A.); (G.G.-N.)
| | - Indira Martinez-Jimenez
- Tissue Repair, Wound Healing and Cytoprotection Research Group, Biomedical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave. 31 S/N. e/158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana 10600, Cuba; (M.F.-M.); (Y.M.-M.); (A.G.-O.); (I.M.-J.); (N.R.-R.); (O.R.-A.); (G.G.-N.)
| | - Nadia Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Tissue Repair, Wound Healing and Cytoprotection Research Group, Biomedical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave. 31 S/N. e/158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana 10600, Cuba; (M.F.-M.); (Y.M.-M.); (A.G.-O.); (I.M.-J.); (N.R.-R.); (O.R.-A.); (G.G.-N.)
| | - Raymond J. Playford
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of West London, St Marys Rd, Ealing, London W5 5RF, UK;
| | - Osvaldo Reyes-Acosta
- Tissue Repair, Wound Healing and Cytoprotection Research Group, Biomedical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave. 31 S/N. e/158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana 10600, Cuba; (M.F.-M.); (Y.M.-M.); (A.G.-O.); (I.M.-J.); (N.R.-R.); (O.R.-A.); (G.G.-N.)
| | - Laura Lopez-Marín
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Arteriosclerosis Research, Institute of Nephrology “Dr. Abelardo Buch”, Calle 26 y Línea del Ferrocarril, Vedado, Havana 10400, Cuba;
| | - Gerardo Guillén-Nieto
- Tissue Repair, Wound Healing and Cytoprotection Research Group, Biomedical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave. 31 S/N. e/158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana 10600, Cuba; (M.F.-M.); (Y.M.-M.); (A.G.-O.); (I.M.-J.); (N.R.-R.); (O.R.-A.); (G.G.-N.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zou Y, Liu H, Cheng Zhou, Wu J. Sleeve Technique is Superior to End-to-End Anastomosis and Cuff Technology in Mouse Model of Graft Vascular Disease. Ann Vasc Surg 2021; 73:438-445. [PMID: 33539949 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2021.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Graft vascular disease (GVD) is the main reason of late transplanted organ failure, which limits the long-term survival of patients. Murine aortic transplant is widely used in the field to understand the mechanisms leading to GVD. Currently, 3 major techniques, end-to-end anastomosis, sleeve suture and cuff technology, have been used to study the mechanism of GVD. However, which method is more suitable in mouse model of GVD? Herein, we compared these 3 surgical techniques in a mouse allograft arteriosclerosis model to determine the technique with the most appreciable outcomes. METHODS Male C57Bl/6 (H-2b) and BALB/c (H-2d) mice were used for aorta transplantation with these 3 techniques. These 3 techniques were compared with regard to donor artery acquisition time, artery anastomosis time, overall surgical time, the amount of bleeding of each technique and the success rate of surgery. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson staining were used to examine the pathological changes of grafted vessels. The protein expression of phospho-NF-κb P65 and PCNA were determined to validate laminar flow and proliferative capacity of neointima obtained from different surgical and control groups. RESULTS Sleeve suture had a shorter vascular anastomosis time and total operation time than end-to-end anastomosis and cuff technique. Sleeve suture and cuff technique had significantly fewer amount of bleeding from the site of vascular anastomosis than end-to-end anastomosis. Moreover, sleeve suture had the highest success rate among these 3 techniques. There was no difference in the degree of graft stenosis and collagen deposition between these 3 techniques. In addition, there was no significant difference in the expression of phospho-NF-κb P65and PCNA between the experimental group. CONCLUSIONS Sleeve suture is superior to end-to-end anastomosis and cuff technique with regard to vascular grafting in the murine model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiang Zou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
During the evolution of skeletons, terrestrial vertebrates acquired strong bones made of calcium-phosphate. By keeping the extracellular fluid in a supersaturated condition regarding calcium and phosphate ions, they created the bone when and where they wanted simply by providing a cue for precipitation. To secure this strategy, they acquired a novel endocrine system to strictly control the extracellular phosphate concentration. In response to phosphate intake, fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) is secreted from the bone and acts on the kidney through binding to its receptor Klotho to increase urinary phosphate excretion, thereby maintaining phosphate homeostasis. The FGF23-Klotho endocrine system, when disrupted in mice, results in hyperphosphatemia and vascular calcification. Besides, mice lacking Klotho or FGF23 suffer from complex aging-like phenotypes, which are alleviated by placing them on a low- phosphate diet, indicating that phosphate is primarily responsible for the accelerated aging. Phosphate acquires the ability to induce cell damage and inflammation when precipitated with calcium. In the blood, calcium-phosphate crystals are adsorbed by serum protein fetuin-A and prevented from growing into large precipitates. Consequently, nanoparticles that comprised calcium-phosphate crystals and fetuin-A, termed calciprotein particles (CPPs), are generated and dispersed as colloids. CPPs increase in the blood with an increase in serum phosphate and age. Circulating CPP levels correlate positively with vascular stiffness and chronic non-infectious inflammation, raising the possibility that CPPs may be an endogenous pro-aging factor. Terrestrial vertebrates with the bone made of calcium- phosphate may be destined to age due to calcium-phosphate in the blood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kuro-O
- Division of Anti-aging Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen Y, Zhao X, Wu H. Transcriptional Programming in Arteriosclerotic Disease: A Multifaceted Function of the Runx2 (Runt-Related Transcription Factor 2). Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:20-34. [PMID: 33115268 PMCID: PMC7770073 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.313791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite successful therapeutic strategies in the prevention and treatment of arteriosclerosis, the cardiovascular complications remain a major clinical and societal issue worldwide. Increased vascular calcification promotes arterial stiffness and accelerates cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Upregulation of the Runx2 (Runt-related transcription factor 2), an essential osteogenic transcription factor for bone formation, in the cardiovascular system has emerged as an important regulator for adverse cellular events that drive cardiovascular pathology. This review discusses the regulatory mechanisms that are critical for Runx2 expression and function and highlights the dynamic and complex cross talks of a wide variety of posttranslational modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification, in regulating Runx2 stability, cellular localization, and osteogenic transcriptional activity. How the activation of an array of signaling cascades by circulating and local microenvironmental factors upregulates Runx2 in vascular cells and promotes Runx2-mediated osteogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells and expression of inflammatory cytokines that accelerate macrophage infiltration and vascular osteoclast formation is summarized. Furthermore, the increasing appreciation of a new role of Runx2 upregulation in promoting vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switch, and Runx2 modulated by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification and Runx2-dependent repression of smooth muscle cell-specific gene expression are discussed. Further exploring the regulation of this key osteogenic transcription factor and its new perspectives in the vasculature will provide novel insights into the transcriptional regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype switch, reprograming, and vascular inflammation that promote the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yabing Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Research Department, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Xinyang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Integrative Biomedical & Diagnostic Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University School of Dentistry, Portland, Oregon 97239
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
McCully KS. Chemical Pathology of Homocysteine VIII. Effects of Tocotrienol, Geranylgeraniol, and Squalene on Thioretinaco Ozonide, Mitochondrial Permeability, and Oxidative Phosphorylation in Arteriosclerosis, Cancer, Neurodegeneration and Aging. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2020; 50:567-577. [PMID: 33067202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A century ago a fat-soluble vitamin from leafy vegetables, later named vitamin E, was discovered to enhance fertility in animals. Vitamin E consists of 8 isomers of tocopherols and tocotrienols, each containing chromanol groups that confer antioxidant properties and differ only in the 15-carbon saturated phytyl poly-isoprenoid side chain of tocopherols and the 15-carbon unsaturated farnesyl poly-isoprenoid side chain of tocotrienols. Although tocotrienol was first isolated from rubber plants in 1964, its importance in multiple disease processes was not recognized until two decades later, when the cholesterol-lowering and anti-cancer effects were first reported. Tocotrienol (T3) protects against radiation injury and mitochondrial dysfunction by preventing opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, thereby inhibiting loss of the active site for oxidative phosphorylation, thioretinaco ozonide oxygen ATP, from mitochondria by complex formation with the active site, TR2CoO3O2NAD+H2PO4 -T3. The preventive effects of tocotrienol on vascular disease, cancer, neurodegeneration and aging are attributed to its effects on cellular apoptosis and senescence. Geranylgeraniol is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of cholesterol, and cholesterol auxotrophy of lymphoma cell lines and primary tumors is attributed to loss of squalene monooxygenase and accumulation of intracellular squalene. Geranylgeraniol and tocotrienol have synergistic inhibitory effects on growth and HMG CoA reductase activity, accompanied by reduction of membrane KRAS protein of cultured human prostate carcinoma cells. Since cholesterol inhibits opening of the mPTP pore of mitochondria, inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis by these effects of tocotrienol and geranylgeraniol produces increased mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis from loss of the active site of oxidative phosphorylation from mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kilmer S McCully
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, Boston Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Z, Li L, Zhang H, Zhou HJ, Ji W, Min W. Short AIP1 (ASK1-Interacting Protein-1) Isoform Localizes to the Mitochondria and Promotes Vascular Dysfunction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:112-127. [PMID: 31619063 PMCID: PMC7204498 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) normally maintain vascular homeostasis and are regulated by proinflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species. A human genome-wide association study identified that AIP1 (ASK1 [apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1]-interacting protein-1; also identified as DAB2IP) gene variants confer susceptibility to cardiovascular disease, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Approach and Results: We detected a normal AIP1 form (named AIP1A) in the healthy aorta, but a shorter form of AIP1 (named AIP1B) was found in diseased aortae that contained atherosclerotic plaques and graft arteriosclerosis. AIP1B transcription in resting ECs was suppressed through epigenetic inhibition by RIF1 (Rap1 [ras-related protein 1]-interacting factor 1)/H3K9 (histone H3 lysine 9) methyltransferase-mediated H3K9 trimethylation, and this inhibition was released by proinflammatory cytokines. AIP1A, but not AIP1B, was downregulated by proteolytic degradation through a Smurf1 (SMAD [suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic miscellaneous] ubiquitylation regulatory factor 1)-dependent pathway in ECs under inflammation. Therefore, AIP1B was the major form present during inflammatory conditions. AIP1B, which lacks the N-terminal pleckstrin homology domain of AIP1A, localized to the mitochondria and augmented TNFα (tumor necrosis factor alpha)-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation and EC activation. AIP1B-ECTG (EC-specific AIP1B transgenic) mice exhibited augmented reactive oxygen species production, EC activation, and neointima formation in vascular remodeling models. CONCLUSIONS Our current study suggests that a shift from anti-inflammatory AIP1A to proinflammatory AIP1B during chronic inflammation plays a key role in inflammatory vascular diseases.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Apoptosis
- Arteriosclerosis/genetics
- Arteriosclerosis/metabolism
- Arteriosclerosis/pathology
- Blotting, Western
- Cells, Cultured
- DNA/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genome-Wide Association Study/methods
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Mitochondria/pathology
- Signal Transduction
- ras GTPase-Activating Proteins/biosynthesis
- ras GTPase-Activating Proteins/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Pathology and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, U.S.A
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pathology and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, U.S.A
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, U.S.A
| | - Huanjiao Jenny Zhou
- Department of Pathology and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, U.S.A
| | - Weidong Ji
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Wang Min
- Department of Pathology and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jayaraj P, Narasimhulu CA, Maiseyeu A, Durairaj R, Rao S, Rajagopalan S, Parthasarathy S, Desikan R. Methoxyphenol derivatives as reversible inhibitors of myeloperoxidase as potential antiatherosclerotic agents. Future Med Chem 2020; 12:95-110. [PMID: 31769316 PMCID: PMC7333589 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2019-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate new chemical entities, based on ferulic acid scaffolds, as reversible myeloperoxidase inhibitors (MPOI). Methodology & results:In silico docking studies are performed with MPO protein as a target for several ferulic acid analogs followed by multiple in vitro assays to validate this approach. Two lead compounds 2a and 3 are identified with optimum docking and IC50 values: -7.95 kcal/mol, 0.9 μM and -8.35 kcal/mol, 8.5 μM, respectively. These MPOIs are able to inhibit oxidation of high-density lipoprotein and further promoted functionality of high-density lipoprotein. Conclusion: Lead analogs are potent MPOIs that exert specific effects on MPO-mediated oxidation as well as inflammatory pathways. It also acts as promoters of cholesterol efflux that sheds light on pharmacological approach in atherosclerosis treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Premkumar Jayaraj
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Science, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Chandrakala A Narasimhulu
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Andrei Maiseyeu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Rekha Durairaj
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Shashidhar Rao
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08554, USA
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sampath Parthasarathy
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Rajagopal Desikan
- Carmel Biosciences, 3562 Habersham at Northlake, Building J, Suite A, Tucker, GA 30084, USA
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Science, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Peng X, Liu J, Li B, Guan G, Zhang W, Huang X, Chen Y, Zou R, Lu X, Hu J. Janus Ag/Ag 2S beads as efficient photothermal agents for the eradication of inflammation and artery stenosis. Nanoscale 2019; 11:20324-20332. [PMID: 31641707 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr04804a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Janus heterostructural materials as photothermal agents with enhanced optical conversion capability are promising for artery inflammation treatment by the hyperthermia of macrophages, a primordial part in the artery inflammation response that can deteriorate into atherosclerosis and even break the vessels. Herein, a synthesis route of Janus Ag/Ag2S beads with hydrophilic ligands has been developed with a precise control over concentration, time and surface functionalization. These Ag/Ag2S heterodimers show desirable sizes of around 90 nm in diameter, in which Ag nanocrystals have a diameter of around 25 nm, and they exhibit a photothermal conversion efficiency of up to 50.0% as well as relatively low biotoxicity and good biocompatibility. Importantly, the as-prepared Janus Ag/Ag2S beads with a high biological safety can be effectively swallowed by macrophages and have a remarkable benefit of eliminating these cells from the original state of artery inflammation through the excellent photothermal effect of this material, without causing any further damage to the arteries and major organs in vivo. This study further promotes the development of treatment for vascular inflammation by the photothermal melting of macrophage cells in intima environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Junchao Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Guoqiang Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yusheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Rujia Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Xinwu Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Junqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China. and College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Affiliation(s)
- K Bhagat
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Rayne Institute, University College London, England
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hamczyk MR, Villa-Bellosta R, Gonzalo P, Andrés-Manzano MJ, Nogales P, Bentzon JF, López-Otín C, Andrés V. Vascular Smooth Muscle-Specific Progerin Expression Accelerates Atherosclerosis and Death in a Mouse Model of Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome. Circulation 2018; 138:266-282. [PMID: 29490993 PMCID: PMC6075893 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.030856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Progerin, an aberrant protein that accumulates with age, causes the rare genetic disease Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS). Patients who have HGPS exhibit ubiquitous progerin expression, accelerated aging and atherosclerosis, and die in their early teens, mainly of myocardial infarction or stroke. The mechanisms underlying progerin-induced atherosclerosis remain unexplored, in part, because of the lack of appropriate animal models. Methods: We generated an atherosclerosis-prone model of HGPS by crossing apolipoprotein E–deficient (Apoe–/–) mice with LmnaG609G/G609G mice ubiquitously expressing progerin. To induce progerin expression specifically in macrophages or vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), we crossed Apoe–/–LmnaLCS/LCS mice with LysMCre and SM22αCre mice, respectively. Progerin expression was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence. Cardiovascular alterations were determined by immunofluorescence and histology in male mice fed normal chow or a high-fat diet. In vivo low-density lipoprotein retention was assessed by intravenous injection of fluorescently labeled human low-density lipoprotein. Cardiac electric defects were evaluated by electrocardiography. Results: Apoe–/–LmnaG609G/G609G mice with ubiquitous progerin expression exhibited a premature aging phenotype that included failure to thrive and shortened survival. In addition, high-fat diet–fed Apoe–/–LmnaG609G/G609G mice developed a severe vascular pathology, including medial VSMC loss and lipid retention, adventitial fibrosis, and accelerated atherosclerosis, thus resembling most aspects of cardiovascular disease observed in patients with HGPS. The same vascular alterations were also observed in Apoe–/–LmnaLCS/LCSSM22αCre mice expressing progerin specifically in VSMCs, but not in Apoe–/–LmnaLCS/LCSLysMCre mice with macrophage-specific progerin expression. Moreover, Apoe–/–LmnaLCS/LCSSM22αCre mice had a shortened lifespan despite the lack of any overt aging phenotype. Aortas of ubiquitously and VSMC-specific progerin-expressing mice exhibited increased retention of fluorescently labeled human low-density lipoprotein, and atheromata in both models showed vulnerable plaque features. Immunohistopathological examination indicated that Apoe–/–LmnaLCS/LCSSM22αCre mice, unlike Apoe–/–LmnaG609G/G609G mice, die of atherosclerosis-related causes. Conclusions: We have generated the first mouse model of progerin-induced atherosclerosis acceleration, and demonstrate that restricting progerin expression to VSMCs is sufficient to accelerate atherosclerosis, trigger plaque vulnerability, and reduce lifespan. Our results identify progerin-induced VSMC death as a major factor triggering atherosclerosis and premature death in HGPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magda R Hamczyk
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (M.R.H., R.V.-B., P.G., M.J.A.-M., P.N., J.F.B., V.A.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain (M.R.H., M.J.A.-M., V.A.)
| | - Ricardo Villa-Bellosta
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (M.R.H., R.V.-B., P.G., M.J.A.-M., P.N., J.F.B., V.A.)
| | - Pilar Gonzalo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (M.R.H., R.V.-B., P.G., M.J.A.-M., P.N., J.F.B., V.A.)
| | - María J Andrés-Manzano
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (M.R.H., R.V.-B., P.G., M.J.A.-M., P.N., J.F.B., V.A.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain (M.R.H., M.J.A.-M., V.A.)
| | - Paula Nogales
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (M.R.H., R.V.-B., P.G., M.J.A.-M., P.N., J.F.B., V.A.)
| | - Jacob F Bentzon
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (M.R.H., R.V.-B., P.G., M.J.A.-M., P.N., J.F.B., V.A.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark (J.F.B.)
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Spain (C.L.-O.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain (C.L.-O.). The present affiliation for Dr Villa-Bellosta is Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (FIIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Andrés
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (M.R.H., R.V.-B., P.G., M.J.A.-M., P.N., J.F.B., V.A.).
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain (M.R.H., M.J.A.-M., V.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
The relationship between iron status and atherosclerosis has long been a topic of debate in the literature. Despite more than 25 years of research, there is no consensus regarding a causal relationship. To date, the vast majority of studies have focused on iron burden with respect to a hypothesized role in the onset and progression of coronary artery disease. However, the effect of iron in the coronary arterial system may differ mechanistically and therefore clinically from its effect in the peripheral arterial system. This review will summarize the biochemical, pathologic, animal, and clinical research data with respect to iron and atherosclerosis. This background will be expanded upon to provide insights into ongoing studies and paths for future investigations into the role of iron and peripheral arterial disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Ramakrishna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jacob T, Ascher E, Vorsanger M, Hingorani A, Kallakuri S, Yorkovich W, Schuzter R. Decreased Production of Nitric Oxide by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Patients with Peripheral Vascular Disease. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2016; 39:175-81. [PMID: 15806279 DOI: 10.1177/153857440503900207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although prior studies have implicated nitric oxide (NO), a molecular messenger, in the development and progression of atherosclerosis, most of these studies have centered on atherosclerotic plaques. The current investigation determines whether a correlation exists between the presence of altered levels of NO production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and atherosclerotic disease. Venous blood was collected from 8 surgical patients having severe peripheral vascular disease and 8 healthy controls. PBMCs were separated by gradient centrifugation, diluted to 105 cells per mL, and cultured. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), at doses of 10, 25, and 50 ng/mL, was used to stimulate NO production. Total nitric oxide assay was performed to determine the levels of NO produced by PBMCs at 24 and 48 hours. When stimulated by LPS there was an increase in NO production in the PBMCs cultured from control as well as patient samples, as compared to basal NO levels. However, the data demonstrate a significant decrease in the nitric oxide production in the patients with atherosclerosis as compared to that in the control group (p<0.05). The differential production of nitric oxide by PBMCs of patients with atherosclerotic disease and healthy controls not only suggests that it has a role in the pathogenesis of this disease but also underlines its systemic nature. Blood cells circulating in the body with altered levels of NO production could have profound effects in the microvascular environment mediating molecular pathways and signaling cascades that activate and augment atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Jacob
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 10th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
Abstract
Objective: Flaxseed oil has very high content of ox-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3, omega-3 [n-3] fatty acid). Based on the usefulness of n-3 fatty acid in fish oil against cardiovascular diseases, flaxseed oil is marketed as a health food. The n-3 fatty acid in flaxseed oil is different than that of fish oil. Indirect evidence suggests that the omega-3 fatty acid in flaxseed oil is not effective in lowering serum lipids and hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis. The effects of flaxseed oil on serum lipids and hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis are not known. An investigation, therefore, was made of flaxseed oil on high-cholesterol diet-induced atherosclerosis, serum lipids (triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, risk ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), serum and aortic malondialdehyde, an index of levels of reactive oxygen species, aortic chemiluminescence (a measure of antioxidant reserve), and reactive oxygen species-producing activity of white blood cell chemiluminescence in rabbits. Methods: The rabbits were assigned to four groups: Group I, regular diet (control); Group II, 5% flaxseed oil in regular diet; Group III, 0.5% cholesterol diet; Group IV, diet containing 0.5% cholesterol and 5% flaxseed oil. Blood samples were collected before and after 4 and 8 weeks of experimental diets for measurement of serum lipids, serum malondialdehyde, and white blood cell chemiluminescence. At the end of 8 weeks of the experimental diet, aortas were removed for measurement of atherosclerotic plaques, aortic malondialdehyde, and antioxidant reserve. Results: Serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and risk ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, were elevated to a similar extent in Groups III and IV compared to Groups I and II. The extent of atherosclerosis in Groups III and IV was similar (56.74% ± 11.14% vs 58.01% ± 10.95%). Groups III and IV both had similar increases in serum and aortic malondialdehyde and antioxidant reserve. Reactive oxygen species-producing activity of white blood cells increased in Group III, and flaxseed oil prevented the cholesterol-induced increase in white blood cell chemiluminescence in Group IV. Conclusion: These results suggest that flaxseed oil does not produce an alteration in serum lipids or in the extent of hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis; however, it decreases white blood cell chemiluminescence. The ineffectiveness of flaxseed oil was associated with its ineffectiveness in altering the levels of oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Schneider DJ, Hayes M, Wadsworth M, Taatjes H, Rincón M, Taatjes DJ, Sobel BE. Attenuation of Neointimal Vascular Smooth Muscle Cellularity in Atheroma by Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1 (PAI-1). J Histochem Cytochem 2016; 52:1091-9. [PMID: 15258185 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.4a6260.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Rupture of vulnerable atheroma often underlies acute coronary syndromes. Vulnerable plaques exhibit a paucity of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in the cap. Therefore, decreased VSMC migration into the neointima may predispose to vulnerability. The balance between cell surface plasminogen activator activity and its inhibition [mediated primarily by plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1)] modulates migration of diverse types of cells. We sought to determine whether increased expression of PAI-1 would decrease migration of VSMCs in vitro and neointimal cellularity in vivo in apolipo-protein E knockout (ApoE−-/–) mice fed a high-fat diet. Increased vessel wall expression of PAI-1 in transgenic mice was induced with the SM22α promoter. VSMC migration through Matrigel in vitro was quantified with laser scanning cytometry. Expression of PAI-1 was increased threefold in the aortic wall of SM22-PAI transgene-positive mice. Neointimal cellularity of vascular lesions was decreased by 26% ( p=0.01; n=5 each) in ApoE−-/– mice with the SM22-PAI transgene compared with ApoE−-/– mice. VSMCs explanted from transgene-positive mice exhibited twofold greater expression of PAI-1 and their migration was attenuated by 27% ( p=0.03). Accordingly, increased expression of PAI-1 protein by VSMCs reduces their migration in vitro and their contribution to neointimal cellularity in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Schneider
- University of Vermont, Colchester Research Facility, 208 S. Park Drive, Colchester, VT 05446, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Siegel G, Mockenhaupt FHME, Behnke AL, Ermilov E, Winkler K, Pries AR, Malmsten M, Hetzer R, Saunders R, Lindman B. Lipoprotein binding to anionic biopolyelectrolytes and the effect of glucose on nanoplaque formation in arteriosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 232:25-35. [PMID: 26969281 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Arteriosclerosis with its clinical sequelae (cardiac infarction, stroke, peripheral arterial occlusive disease) and vascular/Alzheimer dementia not only result in far more than half of all deaths but also represent dramatic economic problems. The reason is, among others, that diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for both disorders, and the number of diabetics strongly increases worldwide. More than one-half of infants in the first 6months of life have already small collections of macrophages and macrophages filled with lipid droplets in susceptible segments of the coronary arteries. On the other hand, the authors of the Bogalusa Heart Study found a strong increase in the prevalence of obesity in childhood that is paralleled by an increase in blood pressure, blood lipid concentration, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thus, there is a clear linkage between arteriosclerosis/Alzheimer's disease on the one hand and diabetes mellitus on the other hand. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that distinct apoE isoforms on the blood lipids further both arteriosclerotic and Alzheimer nanoplaque formation and therefore impair flow-mediated vascular reactivity as well. Nanoplaque build-up seems to be the starting point for arteriosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease in their later full clinical manifestation. In earlier work, we could portray the anionic biopolyelectrolytes syndecan/perlecan as blood flow sensors and lipoprotein receptors in cell membrane and vascular matrix. We described extensively molecular composition, conformation, form and function of the macromolecule heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HS-PG). In two supplementary experimental settings (ellipsometry, myography), we utilized isolated HS-PG for in vitro nanoplaque investigations and isolated human coronary artery segments for in vivo tension measurements. With the ellipsometry-based approach, we were successful in establishing a direct connection on a molecular level between diabetes mellitus on the one side and arteriosclerosis/Alzheimer's disease on the other side. Application of glucose at a concentration representative for diabetics and leading to glycation of proteins and lipids, entailed a significant increase in arteriosclerotic and Alzheimer nanoplaque formation. IDLapoE4/E4 was by far superior to IDLapoE3/E3 in plaque build-up, both in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Recording vascular tension of flow-dependent reactivity in blood substitute solution and under application of different IDLapoE isoforms showed an impaired vasorelaxation for pooled IDL and IDLapoE4/E4, thus confirming the ellipsometric investigations. Incubation in IDLapoE0/E0 (apoE "knockout man"), however, resulted in a massive flow-mediated contraction, also complemented by strongly aggregated nanoplaques. In contrast, HDL was shown to present a powerful protection against nanoplaque formation on principle, both in the in vitro model and the in vivo scenario on the endothelial cell membrane. The competitive interplay with LDL is highlighted through the flow experiment, where flow-mediated, HDL-induced vasodilatation remains untouched by additional incubation with LDL. This is due to the four times higher affinity for the proteoglycan receptor of HDL as compared to LDL. Taken together, the studies demonstrate that while simplistic, the ellipsometry approach and the endothelial-mimicking proteoglycan-modified surfaces provide information on the initial steps of lipoprotein-related plaque formation, which correlates with findings on endothelial cells and blood vessels, and afford insight into the role of lipoprotein deposition and exchange phenomena at the onset of these pathophysiologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Siegel
- Charité - University Clinic Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; University of Uppsala Biomedical Center, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; St. George's University School of Arts & Sciences, True Blue, Grenada.
| | | | - A-L Behnke
- Charité - University Clinic Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - E Ermilov
- Charité - University Clinic Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - K Winkler
- University Clinic Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - A R Pries
- Charité - University Clinic Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Malmsten
- University of Uppsala Biomedical Center, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; Charité - University Clinic Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - R Hetzer
- German Heart Institute Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - R Saunders
- St. George's University School of Arts & Sciences, True Blue, Grenada; Charité - University Clinic Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - B Lindman
- University of Lund, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; Nanyang Technological University School of Materials Science & Engineering, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lin CP, Huang PH, Lai CF, Chen JW, Lin SJ, Chen JS. Simvastatin Attenuates Oxidative Stress, NF-κB Activation, and Artery Calcification in LDLR-/- Mice Fed with High Fat Diet via Down-regulation of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and TNF Receptor 1. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143686. [PMID: 26625143 PMCID: PMC4666466 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simvastatin (SIM) is anti-inflammatory. We used low density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLR-/-) mice and human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) as model systems to study the effect of SIM on arterial calcification and to explore the potential mechanisms contributing to this protective effect. High-fat diet (HFD) caused the LRLR -/- to develop dyslipidemia, diabetics, atherosclerosis and aortic smooth muscle calcification. SIM, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC, a ROS scavenger) and apocynin (APO, a NADPH oxidase inhibitor) did not significantly retard the development of dyslipidemia or diabetic. However, those treatments were still effective in attenuating the HFD-induced atherosclerosis and aortic smooth muscle calcification. These findings suggest that the protective effect of SIM against aortic calcification is not contributed by the cholesterol lowering effect. SIM, NAC and APO were found to attenuate the HFD induced elevation of serum TNF-α, soluble TNFR1 (sTNFR1), 3-nitro-tyrosine. We hypothesized that the pro-inflammatory cytokine, oxidative stress and TNFR1 played a role in inducing aortic calcification. We used HASMC to investigate the role of TNF-α, oxidative stress and TNFR1 in inducing aortic calcification and to elucidate the mechanism contributes the protective effect of SIM against aortic calcification. We demonstrated that treating HASMC with TNF-α induced cell Ca deposit and result in an increase in ALP, NADPH oxidase activity, NF-kB subunit p65, BMP2, MSX2, and RUNX2 expression. SIM suppressed the TNF-α induced activation of NADPH oxidase subunit p47, the above-mentioned bone markers and TNFR1 expression. Furthermore, p65, p47 and TNFR1 siRNAs inhibited the TNF-α-mediated stimulation of BMP-2, MSX2, RUNX2 expression. SIM, APO, and NAC either partially inhibit or completely block the TNF-α induced H2O2 or superoxide production. These results suggest that SIM may, independent of its cholesterol-lowering effect, suppresses the progression of vascular diseases through the inhibition of the inflammation mediators TNF-α and TNFR1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Pei Lin
- Division of Central Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine and Institute of Biotechnology in Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Jaw-Wen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Jong Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Shiong Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Xu W, Deng YY, Yang L, Zhao S, Liu J, Zhao Z, Wang L, Maharjan P, Gao S, Tian Y, Zhuo X, Zhao Y, Zhou J, Yuan Z, Wu Y. Metformin ameliorates the proinflammatory state in patients with carotid artery atherosclerosis through sirtuin 1 induction. Transl Res 2015; 166:451-8. [PMID: 26141671 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Metformin is a widely used classic antidiabetic drug. However, its clinical pharmacologic mechanism remains poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of metformin on circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) of patients with carotid artery atherosclerosis (AS). A total of 42 patients with carotid artery AS were randomly assigned to metformin (500 mg twice a day; Met; n = 21) or placebo control (Con; n = 21) groups. After 12 weeks of treatment, plasma concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) significantly decreased in the Met group compared with the Con group. In addition, treatment with metformin significantly reduced the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α at the messenger RNA level and attenuated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) DNA binding activity in MNCs. Intriguingly, metformin did not alter the expression of NF-κB p65 subunit, but markedly inhibited its acetylation. Furthermore, metformin significantly induced sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression in MNCs. Moreover, we found that metformin treatment dramatically induced SIRT1 expression, blocked p65 acetylation, and inhibited NF-κB activity and the expression of inflammatory factors in MNCs in vitro. We conclude that metformin has a novel direct protective role to ameliorate the proinflammatory response through SIRT1 induction, p65 acetylation reduction, NF-κB inactivation, and inflammatory inhibition in peripheral blood MNCs of patients with carotid artery AS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Cardiovascular Department of Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang-Yang Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Cardiovascular Department of Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sijia Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junhui Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhao Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Prabindra Maharjan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shanshan Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuling Tian
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaozhen Zhuo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zuyi Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Cardiovascular Department of Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Cardiovascular Department of Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bolli R. Editor's Preamble to the Profile of Joseph Goldstein and Michael Brown. Circ Res 2015; 117:e68. [PMID: 26450891 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.307566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
22
|
|
23
|
|
24
|
|
25
|
|
26
|
|
27
|
|
28
|
Cheng SL, Behrmann A, Shao JS, Ramachandran B, Krchma K, Bello Arredondo Y, Kovacs A, Mead M, Maxson R, Towler DA. Targeted reduction of vascular Msx1 and Msx2 mitigates arteriosclerotic calcification and aortic stiffness in LDLR-deficient mice fed diabetogenic diets. Diabetes 2014; 63:4326-37. [PMID: 25056439 PMCID: PMC4237989 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
When fed high-fat diets, male LDLR(-/-) mice develop obesity, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and arteriosclerotic calcification. An osteogenic Msx-Wnt regulatory program is concomitantly upregulated in the vasculature. To better understand the mechanisms of diabetic arteriosclerosis, we generated SM22-Cre;Msx1(fl/fl);Msx2(fl/fl);LDLR(-/-) mice, assessing the impact of Msx1+Msx2 gene deletion in vascular myofibroblast and smooth muscle cells. Aortic Msx2 and Msx1 were decreased by 95% and 34% in SM22-Cre;Msx1(fl/fl);Msx2(fl/fl);LDLR(-/-) animals versus Msx1(fl/fl);Msx2(fl/fl);LDLR(-/-) controls, respectively. Aortic calcium was reduced by 31%, and pulse wave velocity, an index of stiffness, was decreased in SM22-Cre;Msx1(fl/fl);Msx2(fl/fl);LDLR(-/-) mice vs. controls. Fasting blood glucose and lipids did not differ, yet SM22-Cre;Msx1(fl/fl);Msx2(fl/fl);LDLR(-/-) siblings became more obese. Aortic adventitial myofibroblasts from SM22-Cre;Msx1(fl/fl);Msx2(fl/fl);LDLR(-/-) mice exhibited reduced osteogenic gene expression and mineralizing potential with concomitant reduction in multiple Wnt genes. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and Sca1, markers of aortic osteogenic progenitors, were also reduced, paralleling a 78% reduction in alkaline phosphatase (TNAP)-positive adventitial myofibroblasts. RNA interference revealed that although Msx1+Msx2 supports TNAP and Wnt7b expression, Msx1 selectively maintains Shh and Msx2 sustains Wnt2, Wnt5a, and Sca1 expression in aortic adventitial myofibroblast cultures. Thus, Msx1 and Msx2 support vascular mineralization by directing the osteogenic programming of aortic progenitors in diabetic arteriosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Li Cheng
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL
| | | | | | | | - Karen Krchma
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL
| | | | | | - Megan Mead
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL
| | - Robert Maxson
- Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Dwight A Towler
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, FL
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Dorweiler B, Grechowa I, Wallrath A, Vahl CF, Horke S. Activation of the proapoptotic unfolded protein response in plaques of the human carotid artery. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2014; 48:248-57. [PMID: 25060744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2014.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze expression of keystone markers of apoptosis and the proapoptotic signaling pathway "unfolded protein response" (UPR) in rupture-prone plaques of the human carotid artery. METHODS Plaque specimens were obtained during endarterectomy for high-grade carotid stenosis, and were formalin-fixed. Ten specimens were identified that exhibited criteria of advanced rupture-prone atherosclerotic plaques, and histological and immunohistological analysis of markers of apoptosis (cleaved Caspase-3, TUNEL) and UPR (KDEL, ATF3, CHOP, CHAC-1) was performed. In addition, co-localization of apoptosis and UPR-activation was assessed by double-immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The mean size of the necrotic core was 44 ± 7% and the mean minimum/representative thicknesses of the fibrous cap were 129 ± 39 μm/280 ± 60 μm, respectively. Each specimen fulfilled at least two of the criteria for rupture-prone plaques. Semi-quantitative analysis of immunohistochemistry showed a significant increase in cleaved Caspase-3-positive (1923 ± 93 cells/mm(2)) and TUNEL-positive cells (1387 ± 66 cells/mm(2)) when compared with control tissue. Furthermore, expression of UPR-markers KDEL, AFT3 and CHOP was significantly increased (1175 ± 40 cells/mm(2), 1971 ± 69 cells/mm(2) and 2173 ± 120 cells/mm(2), respectively). Co-localization of UPR-activation with apoptosis was confirmed by double-immunohistochemistry, and lesional macrophages were identified as the primary cell-type involved. CONCLUSION For the first time, activation of the proapoptotic signaling pathway UPR has been identified in advanced rupture-prone plaques of the human carotid artery. This provides additional evidence for adding UPR to the potential targets for controlling plaque apoptosis and thereby preventing plaque progression/rupture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Dorweiler
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - I Grechowa
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - A Wallrath
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - C F Vahl
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - S Horke
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Prüfer J, Schuchardt M, Tölle M, Prüfer N, Höhne M, Zidek W, van der Giet M. Harmful effects of the azathioprine metabolite 6-mercaptopurine in vascular cells: induction of mineralization. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101709. [PMID: 25029363 PMCID: PMC4100760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular mineralization contributes to the high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients who suffer from chronic kidney disease and in individuals who have undergone solid organ transplantation. The immunosuppressive regimen used to treat these patients appears to have an impact on vascular alterations. The effect of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) on vascular calcification has not yet been determined. This study investigates the effect of 6-MP on vascular mineralization by the induction of trans-differentiation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro. 6-MP not only induces the expression of osteo-chondrocyte-like transcription factors and proteins but also activates alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity and produces calcium deposition in in vitro and ex vivo models. These processes are dependent on 6-MP-induced production of reactive oxygen species, intracellular activation of mitogen-activated kinases and phosphorylation of the transcription factor Cbfa1. Furthermore, the metabolic products of 6-MP, 6-thioguanine nucleotides and 6-methyl-thio-inosine monophosphate have major impacts on cellular calcification. These data provide evidence for a possible harmful effect of the immunosuppressive drug 6-MP in vascular diseases, such as arteriosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Prüfer
- Charité – Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Charité Centrum 13, Department of Nephrology Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universitaet Berlin, Fachbereich Biochemie, Chemie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mirjam Schuchardt
- Charité – Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Charité Centrum 13, Department of Nephrology Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Tölle
- Charité – Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Charité Centrum 13, Department of Nephrology Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicole Prüfer
- Charité – Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Charité Centrum 13, Department of Nephrology Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- Universitaet Potsdam, Department of Nutrition Science, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Walter Zidek
- Charité – Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Charité Centrum 13, Department of Nephrology Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus van der Giet
- Charité – Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Charité Centrum 13, Department of Nephrology Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hatipoğlu A, Kanbağli O, Balkan J, Küçük M, Cevikbaş U, Aykaç-Toker G, Berkkan H, Uysal M. Hazelnut Oil Administration Reduces Aortic Cholesterol Accumulation and Lipid Peroxides in the Plasma, Liver, and Aorta of Rabbits Fed a High-cholesterol Diet. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 68:2050-7. [PMID: 15502349 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.68.2050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hazelnut oil (HO) is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants. We wanted to investigate the effect of HO on lipid levels and prooxidant-antioxidant status in rabbits fed a high-cholesterol (HC) diet. An HC diet caused significant increases in lipids and lipid peroxide levels in the plasma, liver, and aorta together with histopathological atherosclerotic changes in the aorta. Glutathione levels, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione transferase activities decreased significantly, but superoxide dismutase activity and vitamin E and C levels remained unchanged in the livers of rabbits following HC diet. HO supplementation reduced plasma, liver, and aorta lipid peroxide levels and aorta cholesterol levels together with amelioration in atherosclerotic lesions in the aortas of rabbits fed an HC diet, without any decreasing effect on cholesterol levels in the plasma or liver. HO did not alter the antioxidant system in the liver in the HC group. Our findings indicate that HO reduced oxidative stress and cholesterol accumulation in the aortas of rabbits fed an HC diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aydan Hatipoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, University of Istanbul, 34093 Capa-Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Balkan J, Oztezcan S, Hatipoglu A, Cevikbas U, Aykac-Toker G, Uysal M. Effect of a Taurine Treatment on the Regression of Existing Atherosclerotic Lesions in Rabbits Fed on a High-cholesterol Diet. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 68:1035-9. [PMID: 15170106 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.68.1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We studied whether taurine has any regressive effect on existing atherosclerotic lesions and lipid peroxidation in rabbits fed on a high-cholesterol (HC) diet. The cholesterol, triglyceride, malondialdehyde (MDA) and diene conjugate (DC) levels, as well as the aortic histopathological findings were examined in rabbits that had been fed on a cholesterol-containing diet for 8 months [0.5% cholesterol (w/w) for 3 months and subsequently 0.25% cholesterol (w/w) for 5 months], and then for a further 4 months on a normal diet with or without taurine treatment [1% (w/v) in the drinking water]. High levels of lipid and lipid peroxide induced by the HC diet were observed to decline in the plasma, liver and aorta of atherosclerotic rabbits, as well as a slight retardation in aortic atherosclerotic lesions during the regression period. Although no significant differences in the lipid and lipid peroxide levels in the plasma and aorta were found between the regressed groups with or without the taurine treatment, the extent of atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta was less in the taurine-treated regressed group than in the non-treated regressed group. However, the liver MDA and DC levels were lower in the regressed rabbits with the taurine treatment in the non-treated group. These results indicate that the taurine treatment may accelerate the regression of cholesterol-induced atherosclerotic lesions in rabbits without having any effect on the plasma and aorta lipid and lipid peroxide levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jale Balkan
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa-Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhong H, Lu J, Xia L, Zhu M, Yin H. Formation of electrophilic oxidation products from mitochondrial cardiolipin in vitro and in vivo in the context of apoptosis and atherosclerosis. Redox Biol 2014; 2:878-83. [PMID: 25061570 PMCID: PMC4099507 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that mitochondrial cardiolipins (CL) are prone to free radical oxidation and this process appears to be intimately associated with multiple biological functions of mitochondria. Our previous work demonstrated that a significant amount of potent lipid electrophiles including 4-hydroxy-nonenal (4-HNE) was generated from CL oxidation through a novel chemical mechanism. Here we provide further evidence that a characteristic class of CL oxidation products, epoxyalcohol-aldehyde-CL (EAA-CL), is formed through this novel mechanism in isolated mice liver mitochondria when treated with the pro-apoptotic protein t-Bid to induce cyt c release. Generation of these oxidation products are dose-dependently attenuated by a peroxidase inhibitor acetaminophen (ApAP). Using a mouse model of atherosclerosis, we detected significant amount of these CL oxidation products in liver tissue of low density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLR −/−) mice after Western diet feeding. Our studies highlight the importance of lipid electrophiles formation from CL oxidation in the settings of apoptosis and atherosclerosis as inhibition of CL oxidation and lipid electrophiles formation may have potential therapeutic value in diseases linked to oxidant stress and mitochondrial dysfunctions. 4-HNE and other electrophilic lipids are formed from mitochondrial cardiolipin. Novel electrophilic oxidation products EAA-CL were identified in vitro and in vivo. Level of EAA-CL in liver tissue of LDLR −/− mice is higher with Western diet feeding. ApAP dose-dependently inhibits EAA-CL formation during t-Bid induced cyt c release. CL electrophilic lipid formation is important in apoptosis and atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Key Words
- 4-HNE, 4-hydroxy-nonena
- 4-ONE, 4-oxo-2-nonenal
- 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE)
- ALDH2, aldehyde dehydrogenase-2
- ApAP, acetaminophen
- Apoptosis
- Atherosclerosis
- BHT, butylate hydroxytoluene
- CL, cardiolipin cyt c cytochrome c
- Cardiolipin
- EAA-CL, epoxyalcohol-aldehyde-CL
- ESI, electrospray
- ETC, electron transport chain
- Epoxyalcohol-aldehyde-CL (EAA-CL)
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- HODE, hydroxyoctadienoic acid
- HpODE, hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid
- KODE, keto-octadecadienoic acid
- L3OCL, trilinoleoyl oleoyl cardiolipin
- L4CL, tetralinoleoyl cardiolipin
- LA, linoleic acid
- LC–MS, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
- LDLR −/−, low density lipoprotein receptor knockout
- Lipid peroxidation
- Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS)
- M4CL, tetramyristeoyl cardiolipin
- MRM, multiple reaction monitoring
- Mitochondria
- PHGPX, hospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase
- PUFAs, Polyunsaturated fatty acids
- Prdx3/Prx3, peroxiredoxin 3
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (INS), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (INS), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (INS), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (INS), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (INS), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence to: Room 1826, New Life Science Building, 320 Yueyang Road, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Guo W, Wong S, Bhasin S. AAV-mediated administration of myostatin pro-peptide mutant in adult Ldlr null mice reduces diet-induced hepatosteatosis and arteriosclerosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71017. [PMID: 23936482 PMCID: PMC3731267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Genetic disruption of myostatin or its related signaling is known to cause strong protection against diet-induced metabolic disorders. The translational value of these prior findings, however, is dependent on whether such metabolically favorable phenotype can be reproduced when myostatin blockade begins at an adult age. Here, we reported that AAV-mediated delivery of a myostatin pro-peptide D76A mutant in adult mice attenuates the development of hepatic steatosis and arteriosclerosis, two common diet-induced metabolic diseases. A single dose of AAV-D76A in adult Ldlr null mice resulted in sustained expression of myostatin pro-peptide in the liver. Compared to vehicle-treated mice, D76A-treated mice gained similar amount of lean and fat mass when fed a high fat diet. However, D76A-treated mice displayed significantly reduced aortic lesions and liver fat, in association with a reduction in hepatic expression of lipogenic genes and improvement in liver insulin sensitivity. This suggests that muscle and fat may not be the primary targets of treatment under our experimental condition. In support to this argument, we show that myostatin directly up-regulated lipogenic genes and increased fat accumulation in cultured liver cells. We also show that both myostatin and its receptor were abundantly expressed in mouse aorta. Cultured aortic endothelial cells responded to myostatin with a reduction in eNOS phosphorylation and an increase in ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression. CONCLUSIONS AAV-mediated expression of myostatin pro-peptide D76A mutant in adult Ldlr null mice sustained metabolic protection without remarkable impacts on body lean and fat mass. Further investigations are needed to determine whether direct impact of myostatin on liver and aortic endothelium may contribute to the related metabolic phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Guo
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hamakawa Y, Omori N, Ouchida M, Nagase M, Sato K, Nagano I, Shoji M, Fujita T, Abe K. Severity dependent up-regulations of LOX-1 and MCP-1 in early sclerotic changes of common carotid arteries in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Neurol Res 2013; 26:767-73. [PMID: 15494120 DOI: 10.1179/016164104225016074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor (LOX-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) are molecules involving in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. In order to examine a possible difference in LOX-1 and MCP-1 expressions depending on the severity of early stage of atherosclerosis, we investigated atherosclerotic changes by exposure to hypertension and hyperlipidemia in common carotid arteries (CCAs) of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR-SP). Three rat model groups such as control [Wistar Kyoto rat (WKY) group], hypertension (SHR-SP group) and hypertension + hyperlipidemia [SHR-SP + high fat and cholesterol (HFC) group] were used. Body weights, brain weights, systolic blood pressures and serum levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride were measured at 0, 5, 10 and 15 days after appropriate diet. Immunohistochemistry showed that the positive area and the strength of LOX-1 and MCP-1 were larger in the SHR-SP + HFC group than in the SHR-SP group, while no immunoreactivities were found in the WKY group. Conventional RT-PCR and real-time PCR analyses showed that mRNAs of those in the SHR-SP group were higher with greater up-regulation in the SHR-SP + HFC group. LOX-1 and MCP-1 expressions were coordinately up-regulated at mRNA and protein levels in an early stage of sclerosis depending on the severity of atherosclerotic stress. Activations of LOX-1 and MCP-1 are collectively involved in the early stage of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Hamakawa
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama University, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Watada S, Harada H, Matsubara K, Obara H, Matsumoto K, Ando N, Kitagawa Y. Effect of sarpogrelate hydrochloride, a 5-hydroxytryptamine2 receptor antagonist, on allograft arteriosclerosis after aortic transplantation in rats. Transpl Immunol 2013; 29:162-6. [PMID: 23851153 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarpogrelate hydrochloride, a 5-hydroxytryptamine2 receptor antagonist, is known to prevent serotonin-induced neointimal hyperplasia. We examined the effect of this agent on allograft arteriosclerosis in a rat model of aortic transplantation. METHODS Rats were given an aortic isograft or allograft and oral administration of either saline vehicle alone or 20mg/kg daily of sarpogrelate for 8 weeks. The grafts were then harvested, and the lumen diameter and the thickness of the intima and media were measured. Comparisons were made between measurement results in isografts and allografts from rats treated and not treated with sarpogrelate. Immunohistochemistry assessments were used to detect expression of serotonin in graft specimens. RESULTS For both allografts and isografts, significantly less intimal thickening was observed in specimens from rats given sarpogrelate compared with rats given saline. Sarpogrelate had no effect on medial thickening in either graft type. Serotonin was detected in allografts from rats given saline alone but not in allografts from rats given sarpogrelate or in isografts. CONCLUSIONS Sarpogrelate hydrochloride may mitigate arteriosclerosis in allografts. Platelet aggregation and serotonin may be correlated with intimal thickening associated with chronic rejection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Watada
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wang JL, Tang YY, Wu J, Tang CK. [Research advances of the biliary and nonbiliary pathways to reverse cholesterol transport]. Sheng Li Ke Xue Jin Zhan 2013; 44:105-110. [PMID: 23847920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Plasma cholesterol levels are the major risk factor for atherosclerosis (AS) and coronary heart disease (CHD). Biliary pathway to reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is the process that cholesterol in peripheral tissue and macrophages is transported to liver by lipoprotion, then secreted into the bile and finally excreted through feces. According to a large number of studies, there is nonbiliary pathway to RCT to clear excess cholesterol in the body, apart from the biliary pathway to RCT. This review focuses on the current views on the different pathways to RCT, and the regulation on the RCT of the relevant transports, lipoprotion, receptor and so on, aiming at providing new theoretical evidence and acting targets for the treatment of cholelithiasis and AS related disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Life Science Research Center, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Song YM, Li MH, Wang DW. [Research progress of KLF2 in vascular endothelial function and regulation]. Sheng Li Ke Xue Jin Zhan 2012; 43:445-448. [PMID: 23520764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
|
39
|
Wu YK, Cao H, Mao CJ, Gu ZH, Wang Y. [Measurement and comparison of Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Cr, Pb and Cd in rabbit liver of high-adipose group and normal group]. Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi 2012; 32:3142-3145. [PMID: 23387196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present paper is to explore the experimental changes in the content of Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Cr, Pb and Cd in white rabbit liver with atherosclerosis disease. The method is to reproduce white rabbit liver with atherosclerosis disease by a high-fat diet, and then measure the Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Cr, Pb and Cd content with atomic absorption spectrometry. Results show that the Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Cr, Pb and Cd contents in the fodders of the normal group are 137.6, 362.3, 14.39, 9.599 mg x kg(-1) and 159.3, 355.0, 290.0 microg x kg(-1), and 86.09, 277.1, 11.07, 5.366 mg x kg(-1) and 115.2, 286.0, 210.5 microg x kg(-1), in high-adipose group. It was concluded that Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Cr, Pb and Cd contents in white rabbit liver decline, which may have something to do with the intake of foods and the abnormalities of lipoprotein metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Kai Wu
- Chemistry Teaching and Research Section, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Vittone F, Liberman A, Vasic D, Ostertag R, Esser M, Walcher D, Ludwig A, Marx N, Burgmaier M. Sitagliptin reduces plaque macrophage content and stabilises arteriosclerotic lesions in Apoe (-/-) mice. Diabetologia 2012; 55:2267-75. [PMID: 22648661 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2582-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), such as sitagliptin, increase glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) concentrations and are current treatment options for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. As patients with diabetes exhibit a high risk of developing severe atherosclerosis, we investigated the effect of sitagliptin on atherogenesis in Apoe (-/-) mice. METHODS Apoe (-/-) mice were fed a high-fat diet and treated with either sitagliptin or placebo for 12 weeks. Plaque size and plaque composition were analysed using Oil Red O staining and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, in vitro experiments with the modified Boyden chamber and with gelatine zymography were performed to analyse the effects of GLP-1 on isolated human monocyte migration and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) release. RESULTS Treatment of Apoe (-/-) mice with sitagliptin significantly reduced plaque macrophage infiltration (the aortic root and aortic arch both showing a 67% decrease; p < 0.05) and plaque MMP-9 levels (aortic root showing a 69% and aortic arch a 58% reduction; both p < 0.01) compared with controls. Moreover, sitagliptin significantly increased plaque collagen content more than twofold (aortic root showing an increase of 58% and aortic arch an increase of 73%; both p < 0.05) compared with controls but did not change overall lesion size (8.1 ± 3.5% vs 5.1 ± 2.5% for sitagliptin vs controls; p=NS). In vitro, pretreatment of isolated human monocytes with GLP-1 significantly decreased cell migration induced by both monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and by the protein known as regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, GLP-1 significantly decreased MMP-9 release from isolated human monocyte-derived macrophages. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Sitagliptin reduces plaque inflammation and increases plaque stability, potentially by GLP-1-mediated inhibition of chemokine-induced monocyte migration and macrophage MMP-9 release. The effects observed may provide potential mechanisms for how DPP-IV inhibitors could modulate vascular disease in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Vittone
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Cichosz G, Czeczot H. [The food cholesterol controversy]. Pol Merkur Lekarski 2012; 33:38-42. [PMID: 22993909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Arteriosclerosis of blood vessels, the main cause of heart attack and stroke, is a disease of multifactor pathogenesis. Multiple experimental, clinical and epidemiologic studies indicate that free radicals and lipid oxidation products take part in aterogenesis process. Homocysteine possess also cytotoxic activity leading to degradation of elastine of internal membrane of blood vessels. Deficiency of vitamin folic acid, B12 and B6 cause homocysteine accumulation in human organism. Identifying the arteriosclerosis with oxidation of LDL-cholesterol results with faulty conclusions. Metabolism of cholesterol in human organism depends on content of n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, phospholipids, fitosterols, food fiber, Lactobacillus and antioxidants in the diet. In aterogenesis antioxidant defficiency, especially long-lasting ones, are more important then amount of fat itself. Considering cholesterol intake with average food and its absorption amounting 25-30%, one can conclude that amount of cholesterol in intestine originates in 90% from liver synthesis, which is excreted with bile, and in more than ten percent--from food. This is why reduction of cholesterol intake with food only little improves blood lipid indexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grazyna Cichosz
- Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie, Katedra Mleczarstwa i Zarzqdzania Jakościa.
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Girgis CM, Scalley BD, Park KEJ. Utility of the estimated glucose disposal rate as a marker of microvascular complications in young adults with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2012; 96:e70-2. [PMID: 22385830 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In 61 young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus, the estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR), a validated marker for insulin resistance, correlated positively with the prevalence of microvascular complications. In the absence of an established vascular risk calculator specific to diabetes, the eGDR may present a useful clinical tool in the assessment of complication risk in type 1 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Girgis
- The University of Sydney, Department of Endocrinology, Sydney, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to develop a rat model that shares the similarities of calcification in diabetes. METHODS Male Wistar rats received a high-fat diet during 8 weeks followed by a low dose of streptozotocin. Half of them were treated with vitamin D3 and nicotine (VDN) 1 week after streptozotocin injection (DM) (DM+VDN). The others were treated with vehicle (DM). Arterial calcification was facilitated by vitamin D3 and nicotine in age-matched rats (VDN). Measurements of metabolic parameters, aortic calcium content, von Kossa staining, alkaline phosphatase activity and immunohistochemistry for osteopontin were performed. The expression of genes and proteins associated with calcification were also examined. RESULTS Treatment with VDN alone resulted in a small but not significant elevation of calcium content in aorta. However, in DM+VDN, aortic calcium content increased significantly as compared to the VDN. This calcification had also dramatically increased, as shown by von Kossa staining. Mechanistic studies revealed that addition of VDN treatment in diabetic rats enhanced both activity and mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase. This treatment in diabetic- rats also enhanced the expression of core binding factor α 1 and its downstream protein osteopontin. In aorta, strong immunostaining for osteopontin was observed in DM+VDN. The result was also confirmed by Western blot analysis. CONCLUSION These results suggest that a model of accelerated arterial calcification in diabetes have been established and this model could be useful to investigate mechanisms related to vascular complication in diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Ren
- Institute for Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No.87, Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Li QX, Ao X, Wen L, Zhong HJ, Zeng XY, Li Y, Gong HR, Li JX, Wu Q, Zhang Z, Peng XK, Zhang JX, Yuan SY, Zhu AM, Li G, Zhang Y, Meng QX. Effect of increased levels of adiponectin by administration of the adeno vector rAAV2/1-Acrp30 on glucose, lipid metabolism and ultrastructure of the aorta in Goto-Kakizaki rats with arteriosclerosis. Natl Med J India 2012; 25:5-9. [PMID: 22680312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We used recombinant adeno-associated virus vector of adiponectin (AAV2/1-Acrp30) to study the effects of increased levels of adioponectin (by the administration of rAAV2/1-Acrp30) on arteriosclerosis, glucose and lipid metabolism in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats with arteriosclerosis. METHODS Thirty GK rats with arteriosclerosis were divided into 3 equal groups: control group 1, control group 2 and the rAAV2/1-Acrp30-administered group. Saline, virus vector or rAAV2/1-Acrp30 (10 12 ng/ml) vector genomes administered to the rats in the corresponding group by intramuscular injection to the posterior limb by single administration, respectively. After 8 weeks, fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, serum insulin, serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein were measured in each group, and the ultrastructure of the aorta was seen by light and electron microscopy. RESULTS Compared with control groups 1 and 2, in the rAAV2/1-Acrp30 group, there was a decrease in urine volume, fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, serum total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein, and an increase in body weight and high-density lipoprotein (p< 0.05), while the level of serum insulin was not changed (p>0.05). Ultrastructure studies of the aorta showed that aortosclerosis in the rAAV2/1-Acrp30-administered group was less, and fewer lipid droplet vacuoles were seen in the vascular endothelial cytoplasm. Also various cell organelles and internal elastic lamina were seen, and there was no formation of lipid droplet and foam cells in the cytoplasm of the media of the smooth muscle. CONCLUSION Adiponectin could improve blood glucose and lipid parameters and decrease atherosclerosis in the aorta of GK rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Q-X Li
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Yu L, Qin L, Zhang H, He Y, Chen H, Pober JS, Tellides G, Min W. AIP1 prevents graft arteriosclerosis by inhibiting interferon-γ-dependent smooth muscle cell proliferation and intimal expansion. Circ Res 2011; 109:418-27. [PMID: 21700930 PMCID: PMC3227522 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.248245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE ASK1-interacting protein-1 (AIP1), a Ras GTPase-activating protein family member, is highly expressed in endothelial cells and vascular smooth musccells (VSMCs). The role of AIP1 in VSMCs and VSMC proliferative disease is not known. OBJECTIVE We used mouse graft arteriosclerosis models characterized by VSMC accumulation and intimal expansion to determine the function of AIP1. METHODS AND RESULTS In a single minor histocompatibility antigen (male to female)-dependent aorta transplantation model, AIP1 deletion in the graft augmented neointima formation, an effect reversed in AIP1/interferon-γ receptor (IFN-γR) doubly-deficient aorta donors. In a syngeneic aortic transplantation model in which wild-type or AIP1-knockout mouse aortas were transplanted into IFN-γR-deficient recipients and in which neointima formation was induced by intravenous administration of an adenovirus that encoded a mouse IFN-γ transgene, donor grafts from AIP1-knockout mice enhanced IFN-γ-induced VSMC proliferation and neointima formation. Mechanistically, knockout or knockdown of AIP1 in VSMCs significantly enhanced IFN-γ-induced JAK-STAT signaling and IFN-γ-dependent VSMC migration and proliferation, 2 critical steps in neointima formation. Furthermore, AIP1 specifically bound to JAK2 and inhibited its activity. CONCLUSIONS AIP1 functions as a negative regulator in IFN-γ-induced intimal formation, in part by downregulating IFN-γ-JAK2-STAT1/3-dependent migratory and proliferative signaling in VSMCs.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/immunology
- Aorta, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aorta, Abdominal/surgery
- Aorta, Thoracic/immunology
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Aorta, Thoracic/transplantation
- Arteriosclerosis/genetics
- Arteriosclerosis/immunology
- Arteriosclerosis/metabolism
- Arteriosclerosis/pathology
- Arteriosclerosis/prevention & control
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Janus Kinase 2/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Minor Histocompatibility Antigens/immunology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/immunology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/surgery
- Receptors, Interferon/deficiency
- Receptors, Interferon/genetics
- STAT1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Time Factors
- Tunica Intima/immunology
- Tunica Intima/metabolism
- Tunica Intima/pathology
- Tunica Intima/surgery
- Vascular Grafting/adverse effects
- ras GTPase-Activating Proteins/deficiency
- ras GTPase-Activating Proteins/genetics
- ras GTPase-Activating Proteins/metabolism
- Interferon gamma Receptor
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luyang Yu
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University School of Medicine
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - Lingfeng Qin
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University School of Medicine
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine
- Departments of Vascular Surgery, The First Clinical College & The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University School of Medicine
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - Yun He
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - Hong Chen
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City
| | - Jordan S. Pober
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University School of Medicine
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - George Tellides
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University School of Medicine
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - Wang Min
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University School of Medicine
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kuzan A, Chwiłkowska A, Kobielarz M. [Metabolism of collagen and its role in arteriosclerosis]. Pol Merkur Lekarski 2011; 31:114-117. [PMID: 21936350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Collagen is one of main structural protein in organism. It plays a fundamental role in a lot of functions crucial for proper functioning connective tissue. The metabolism of the protein-production, modification and degradation should be balanced, in other situation appear serious health consequences, inter alia course of the arteriosclerosis, which is one of the most serious contemporary medical problem in developed countries, might be deteriorated. The collagen is crucial for the atherosclerotic plaque stability, if there is the deficiency of it, the blood vessels are more prone to rupture. On the other hand, accumulation of the protein leads to the arterial stenosis. It is suggested that collagen is involved in the calcification of atherosclerotic areas of the arteries, in binding of low density lipoproteins, stimulation of migration and apoptosis of arterial smooth muscle cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kuzan
- Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny we Wrocławiu, Ośrodek Badawczo-Rozwojowy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Tavori H, Aviram M, Khatib S, Musa R, Mannheim D, Karmeli R, Vaya J. Paraoxonase 1 protects macrophages from atherogenicity of a specific triglyceride isolated from human carotid lesion. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:234-42. [PMID: 21530644 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Human atherosclerotic lesions contain oxidized lipids that facilitate further oxidation of macrophages, LDLs, and oxidative stress (OS)-sensitive markers and inhibit the antiatherogenic enzyme paraoxonase 1 (PON1). Our aim was to isolate and identify the oxidizing agent in a human atherosclerotic lesion lipid extract (LLE) and to explore the mechanisms of oxidation and of PON1's effect on the oxidizing agent. Of the five main fractions separated from the LLE, only fraction 2 (F2) promoted macrophage reactive oxygen species (ROS) production via a mechanism requiring mitochondrial involvement, whereas the NADPH oxidase system was not involved. Incubation of F2 with PON1 abridged the former's peroxide value and reduced its capacity to oxidize OS markers. The active agent was a triglyceride composed of palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids, with 0.3% of its linoleic moiety in oxidized form. Incubation of either F2 or an identical synthetic triglyceride with PON1 reduced their ability to oxidize macrophages, without affecting cellular accumulation of triglycerides. We conclude that macrophage ROS production by LLE occurs in the presence of a specific triglyceride and requires mitochondrial involvement. Lipid peroxide in the triglyceride can also facilitate lipid autoxidation. Both atherogenic pathways are suppressed by PON1, which acts as an antiatherogenic element.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hagai Tavori
- Oxidative Stress Research Laboratory, MIGAL-Galilee Technology Center, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Shimizu Y, Tokumura A. [Physiological role of lysophosphatidic acid and its relevancephysiological role of lysophosphatidic acid and its relevance to diseases]. Seikagaku 2011; 83:506-517. [PMID: 21800681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshibumi Shimizu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Health Bioscience, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Shomachi, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Li M, Liu JT, Han CJ. [Angiotensin II-induced monocyte/macrophage inflammatory effects and drug intervention]. Sheng Li Ke Xue Jin Zhan 2011; 42:129-132. [PMID: 21770263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
|
50
|
Kim YM, Lim SC, Han CY, Kay HY, Cho IJ, Ki SH, Lee MY, Kwon HM, Lee CH, Kim SG. G(alpha)12/13 induction of CYR61 in association with arteriosclerotic intimal hyperplasia: effect of sphingosine-1-phosphate. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:861-9. [PMID: 21212405 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.218552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gα(12/13) play a role in oncogenic transformation and tumor growth. Cysteine-rich protein 61 (CYR61) is a growth-factor-inducible angiogenic factor. In view of potential overlapping functions between Gα(12/13) and CYR61, this study investigated the role of these G proteins in CYR61 induction in association with hyperplastic vascular abnormality. METHODS AND RESULTS Overexpression of activated Gα(12) or Gα(13) induced CYR61 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Gene knockdown and knockout experiments revealed that sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) treatment induced CYR61 via Gα(12/13). JunD/activator protein-1 (AP-1) was identified as a transcription factor required for CYR61 transactivation by S1P. Deficiencies in Gα(12/13) abrogated AP-1 activation and AP-1-mediated CYR61 induction. c-Jun N-terminal kinase was responsible for CYR61 induction. Moreover, deficiencies of Gα(12/13) abolished c-Jun N-terminal kinase-dependent CYR61 induction by S1P. N-acetyl-l-cysteine or NADPH oxidase inhibitor treatment reversed CYR61 induction by S1P, indicating that reactive oxygen species are responsible for this process. The levels of Gα(12/13) were increased within thickened intimas and medias in wire-injured mouse femoral arteries, which was accompanied by simultaneous CYR61 induction. Moreover, Gα(12/13) and CYR61 were costained in the arteriosclerotic lesions immediately adjacent to human tumor tissues. CONCLUSIONS Gα(12/13) regulate AP-1-dependent CYR61 induction in VSMCs and promote VSMC migration, and they are upregulated with CYR61 in arteriosclerotic lesions.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Aged
- Animals
- Arteriosclerosis/genetics
- Arteriosclerosis/metabolism
- Arteriosclerosis/pathology
- Cell Movement
- Cysteine-Rich Protein 61/genetics
- Cysteine-Rich Protein 61/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enzyme Activation
- Female
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, G12-G13/deficiency
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, G12-G13/genetics
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, G12-G13/metabolism
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Hyperplasia
- JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Lysophospholipids/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Mice, Knockout
- Middle Aged
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Mutation
- NADPH Oxidases/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Sphingosine/analogs & derivatives
- Sphingosine/metabolism
- Transcription Factor AP-1/metabolism
- Transfection
- Tunica Intima/metabolism
- Tunica Intima/pathology
- Up-Regulation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Mi Kim
- Innovative Drug Research Center for Metabolic and Inflammatory Disease, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of PharmaceuticalSciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|