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Courbon G, David V. Fibroblast growth factor 23 is pumping iron: C-terminal-fibroblast growth factor 23 cleaved peptide and its function in iron metabolism. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2024; 33:368-374. [PMID: 38661434 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Iron deficiency regulates the production of the bone-derived phosphaturic hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) but also its cleavage, to generate both intact (iFGF23) and C-terminal (Cter)-FGF23 peptides. Novel studies demonstrate that independently of the phosphaturic effects of iFGF23, Cter-FGF23 peptides play an important role in the regulation of systemic iron homeostasis. This review describes the complex interplay between iron metabolism and FGF23 biology. RECENT FINDINGS C-terminal (Cter) FGF23 peptides antagonize inflammation-induced hypoferremia to maintain a pool of bioavailable iron in the circulation. A key mechanism proposed is the down-regulation of the iron-regulating hormone hepcidin by Cter-FGF23. SUMMARY In this manuscript, we discuss how FGF23 is produced and cleaved in response to iron deficiency, and the principal functions of cleaved C-terminal FGF23 peptides. We also review possible implications anemia of chronic kidney disease (CKD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Courbon
- INSERM U1059 SAINBIOSE, University of St Etienne, Mines St Etienne, St Etienne, France
| | - Valentin David
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Center for Translational Metabolism and Health, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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2
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Lakhal-Littleton S, Cleland JGF. Iron deficiency and supplementation in heart failure. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024; 21:463-486. [PMID: 38326440 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-024-00988-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Non-anaemic iron deficiency (NAID) is a strategic target in cardiovascular medicine because of its association with a range of adverse effects in various conditions. Endeavours to tackle NAID in heart failure have yielded mixed results, exposing knowledge gaps in how best to define 'iron deficiency' and the handling of iron therapies by the body. To address these gaps, we harness the latest understanding of the mechanisms of iron homeostasis outside the erythron and integrate clinical and preclinical lines of evidence. The emerging picture is that current definitions of iron deficiency do not assimilate the multiple influences at play in patients with heart failure and, consequently, fail to identify those with a truly unmet need for iron. Additionally, current iron supplementation therapies benefit only certain patients with heart failure, reflecting differences in the nature of the unmet need for iron and the modifying effects of anaemia and inflammation on the handling of iron therapies by the body. Building on these insights, we identify untapped opportunities in the management of NAID, including the refinement of current approaches and the development of novel strategies. Lessons learned from NAID in cardiovascular disease could ultimately translate into benefits for patients with other chronic conditions such as chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John G F Cleland
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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3
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Modi NB, Shames R, Lickliter JD, Gupta S. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and tolerability of an aqueous formulation of rusfertide (PTG-300), a hepcidin mimetic, in healthy volunteers: A double-blind first-in-human study. Eur J Haematol 2024. [PMID: 38785334 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.14243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rusfertide is a potent peptide mimetic of hepcidin being investigated for the treatment of polycythemia vera. This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of single and repeated subcutaneous doses of an aqueous formulation of rusfertide in healthy adult males. METHODS Subjects received single doses of 1, 3, 10, 20, 40, or 80 mg rusfertide or placebo. A separate cohort of subjects received two doses of 40 mg rusfertide or placebo 1 week apart. Blood samples for pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics were collected, and adverse events, clinical laboratory tests, 12-lead electrocardiograms, and vital signs were monitored. RESULTS Rusfertide was well tolerated. There were no serious or severe treatment-emergent adverse events, and no patterns of clinically important adverse events, or laboratory, vital sign, or electrocardiogram abnormalities. Mean maximum rusfertide plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the concentration-time curve increased with dose, but less than dose proportionally. Median time to Cmax was 2-4.5 h for 40 and 80 mg rusfertide and 8-24 h for lower doses. Apparent clearance and half-life increased with dose. Single doses of rusfertide 1-80 mg were associated with dose-dependent decreases in serum iron and transferrin-iron saturation. CONCLUSIONS Rusfertide was well tolerated and showed dose-dependent pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishit B Modi
- Protagonist Therapeutics, Inc., Newark, California, USA
| | | | | | - Suneel Gupta
- Protagonist Therapeutics, Inc., Newark, California, USA
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Olinder J, Stjernqvist MJ, Lindén A, Salomonsson ET, Annborn M, Herwald H, Rydén C. Hepcidin, in contrast to heparin binding protein, does not portend acute kidney injury in patients with community acquired septic shock. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299257. [PMID: 38696394 PMCID: PMC11065221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and severe complication in patients treated at an Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The pathogenesis of AKI has been reported to involve hypoperfusion, diminished oxygenation, systemic inflammation, and damage by increased intracellular iron concentration. Hepcidin, a regulator of iron metabolism, has been shown to be associated with sepsis and septic shock, conditions that can result in AKI. Heparin binding protein (HBP) has been reported to be associated with sepsis and AKI. The aim of the present study was to compare serum hepcidin and heparin binding protein (HBP) levels in relation to AKI in patients admitted to the ICU. METHODS One hundred and forty patients with community acquired illness admitted to the ICU within 24 hours after first arrival to the hospital were included in the study. Eighty five of these patients were diagnosed with sepsis and 55 with other severe non-septic conditions. Logistic and linear regression models were created to evaluate possible correlations between circulating hepcidin and heparin-binding protein (HBP), stage 2-3 AKI, peak serum creatinine levels, and the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT). RESULTS During the 7-day study period, 52% of the 85 sepsis and 33% of the 55 non-sepsis patients had been diagnosed with AKI stage 2-3 already at inclusion. The need for RRT was 20% and 15%, respectively, in the groups. Hepcidin levels at admission were significantly higher in the sepsis group compared to the non-sepsis group but these levels did not significantly correlate to the development of stage 2-3 AKI in the sepsis group (p = 0.189) nor in the non-sepsis group (p = 0.910). No significant correlation between hepcidin and peak creatinine levels, nor with the need for RRT was observed. Stage 2-3 AKI correlated, as expected, significantly with HBP levels at admission in both groups (Odds Ratio 1.008 (CI 1.003-1.014, p = 0.005), the need for RRT, as well as with peak creatinine in septic patients. CONCLUSION Initial serum hepcidin, and HBP levels in patients admitted to the ICU are biomarkers for septic shock but in contrast to HBP, hepcidin does not portend progression of disease into AKI or a later need for RRT. Since hepcidin is a key regulator of iron metabolism our present data do not support a decisive role of initial iron levels in the progression of septic shock into AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Olinder
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Albin Lindén
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Martin Annborn
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden
| | - Heiko Herwald
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Rydén
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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5
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Zhen C, Zhang G, Wang S, Wang J, Fang Y, Shang P. Electromagnetic fields regulate iron metabolism in living organisms: A review of effects and mechanism. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 188:43-54. [PMID: 38447710 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The emergence, evolution, and spread of life on Earth have all occurred in the geomagnetic field, and its extensive biological effects on living organisms have been documented. The charged characteristics of metal ions in biological fluids determine that they are affected by electromagnetic field forces, thus affecting life activities. Iron metabolism, as one of the important metal metabolic pathways, keeps iron absorption and excretion in a relatively balanced state, and this process is precisely and completely controlled. It is worth paying attention to how the iron metabolism process of living organisms is changed when exposed to electromagnetic fields. In this paper, the processes of iron absorption, storage and excretion in animals (mammals, fish, arthropods), plants and microorganisms exposed to electromagnetic field were summarized in detail as far as possible, in order to discover the regulation of iron metabolism by electromagnetic field. Studies and data on the effects of electromagnetic field exposure on iron metabolism in organisms show that exposure profiles vary widely across species and cell lines. This process involves a variety of factors, and the complexity of the results is not only related to the magnetic flux density/operating frequency/exposure time and the heterogeneity of the observed object. A systematic review of the biological regulation of iron metabolism by electromagnetic field exposure will not only contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of its biological effects and mechanism, but also is necessary to improve human awareness of the health related risks of electromagnetic field exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiao Zhen
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China; Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen, 518057, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Gejing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China; Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen, 518057, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Shenghang Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, Southern Medical University (Longhua People's Hospital), Shenzhen, 518109, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China; Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen, 518057, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Yanwen Fang
- Heye Health Technology Co., Ltd, Huzhou, 313300, China
| | - Peng Shang
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen, 518057, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
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Campos-Sánchez JC, Serna-Duque JA, Alburquerque C, Guardiola FA, Esteban MÁ. Participation of Hepcidins in the Inflammatory Response Triggered by λ-Carrageenin in Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata). MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 26:261-275. [PMID: 38353762 PMCID: PMC11043163 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-024-10293-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The role of hepcidins, antimicrobial peptides involved in iron metabolism, immunity, and inflammation, is studied. First, gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) head-kidney leucocytes (HKLs) were incubated with λ-carrageenin to study the expression of hepcidin and iron metabolism-related genes. While the expression of most of the genes studied was upregulated, the expression of ferroportin gene (slc40a) was downregulated. In the second part of the study, seabream specimens were injected intramuscularly with λ-carrageenin or buffer (control). The expression of the same genes was evaluated in the head kidney, liver, and skin at different time points after injection. The expression of Hamp1m, ferritin b, and ferroportin genes (hamp1, fthb, and slc40a) was upregulated in the head kidney of fish from the λ-carrageenin-injected group, while the expression of Hamp2C and Hamp2E genes (hamp2.3 and hamp2.7) was downregulated. In the liver, the expression of hamp1, ferritin a (ftha), slc40a, Hamp2J, and Hamp2D (hamp2.5/6) genes was downregulated in the λ-carrageenin-injected group. In the skin, the expression of hamp1 and (Hamp2A Hamp2C) hamp2.1/3/4 genes was upregulated in the λ-carrageenin-injected group. A bioinformatic analysis was performed to predict the presence of transcription factor binding sites in the promoter region of hepcidins. The primary sequence of hepcidin was conserved among the different mature peptides, although changes in specific amino acid residues were identified. These changes affected the charge, hydrophobicity, and probability of hepcidins being antimicrobial peptides. This study sheds light on the poorly understood roles of hepcidins in fish. The results provide insight into the regulatory mechanisms of inflammation in fish and could contribute to the development of new strategies for treat inflammation in farm animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Carlos Campos-Sánchez
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jhon A Serna-Duque
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen Alburquerque
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco A Guardiola
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Esteban
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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Petrović S, Tarabar D, Ćujić D, Stamenkovic D, Petrović M, Rančić N, Subota V, Perišić N, Bezmarević M. A Prospective Observational Study Analyzing the Diagnostic Value of Hepcidin-25 for Anemia in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3564. [PMID: 38612376 PMCID: PMC11011637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency (IDA) and chronic disease (ACD) anemia are complications of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Therapeutic modalities in remission and active IBD depend on the type of anemia. This study evaluated the link between hepcidin-25, proinflammatory cytokines, and platelet activation markers as biomarkers of anemia and inflammation in active IBD and remission. This prospective observational study included 62 patients with IBD (49 with ulcerative colitis and 13 with Crohn's) and anemia. Patients were divided into Group I (no or minimal endoscopic signs of disease activity and IDA), Group II (moderate and major endoscopic signs of disease activity and mild ACD), and Control group (10 patients with IBD in remission, without anemia). We assessed the difference among groups in the levels of CRP, hemoglobin (Hgb), serum iron, ferritin, hepcidin-25, interleukins, TNF-α, IFN-γ, soluble CD40 ligand, and sP-selectin. Hepcidin-25 levels were significantly higher in Group II versus Group I (11.93 vs. 4.48 ng/mL, p < 0.001). Ferritin and CRP values showed similar patterns in IBD patients: significantly higher levels were observed in Group II (47.5 ng/mL and 13.68 mg/L) than in Group I (11.0 ng/mL and 3.39 mg/L) (p < 0.001). In Group II, hepcidin-25 was positively correlated with ferritin (ρ = 0.725, p < 0.001) and CRP (ρ = 0.502, p = 0.003). Ferritin was an independent variable influencing hepcidin-25 concentration in IBD patients, regardless of disease activity and severity of anemia. IBD hepcidin-25 best correlates with ferritin, and both parameters reflected inflammation extent and IBD activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanko Petrović
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.S.); (M.P.); (N.P.); (M.B.)
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dino Tarabar
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, University Hospital Center “Dr. Dragiša Mišović”, 11 050 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Danica Ćujić
- Institute for Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Dusica Stamenkovic
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.S.); (M.P.); (N.P.); (M.B.)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Military Medical Academy, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marijana Petrović
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.S.); (M.P.); (N.P.); (M.B.)
- Clinic for Nephrology, Military Medical Academy, 11 050 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Rančić
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Vesna Subota
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Nenad Perišić
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.S.); (M.P.); (N.P.); (M.B.)
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mihailo Bezmarević
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.S.); (M.P.); (N.P.); (M.B.)
- Unit for Perioperative Nutrition, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Clinic for General Surgery, Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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8
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Wang Y, Wang Z, Gao Z, Luan Y, Li Q, Pang Y, Gou M. Identification of antibacterial activity of liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) from primitive vertebrate lamprey. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 146:109413. [PMID: 38311092 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) is a member of the antimicrobial peptides family and plays a key role in the innate immune system of organisms. LEAP2 orthologs have been identified from a variety of fish species, however, its function in primitive vertebrates has not been clarified. In this study, we cloned and identified Lc-LEAP2 from the primitive jawless vertebrate lamprey (Lethenteron camtschaticum) which includes a 25 amino acids signal peptide and a mature peptide of 47 amino acids. Although sequence similarity was low compared to other species, the mature Lc-LEAP2 possesses four conserved cysteine residues, forming a core structure with two disulfide bonds between the cysteine residues in the relative 1-3 (Cys 58 and Cys 69) and 2-4 (Cys 64 and Cys 74) positions. Lc-LEAP2 was most abundantly expressed in the muscle, supraneural body and buccal gland of lamprey, and was significantly upregulated during LPS and Poly I:C stimulations. The mature peptide was synthesized and characterized for its antibacterial activity against different bacteria. Lc-LEAP2 possessed inhibition of a wide range of bacteria with a dose-dependence, disrupting the integrity of bacterial cell membranes and binding to bacterial genomic DNA, although its inhibitory function is weak compared to that of higher vertebrates. These data suggest that Lc-LEAP2 plays an important role in the innate immunity of lamprey and is of great value in improving resistance to pathogens. In addition, the antimicrobial mechanism of LEAP2 has been highly conserved since its emergence in primitive vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaocen Wang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Zhuoying Wang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Zhanfeng Gao
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Department of Urology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yimu Luan
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Yue Pang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
| | - Meng Gou
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
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9
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Krepuska M, Mayer B, Vitale-Cross L, Myneni VD, Boyajian MK, Németh K, Szalayova I, Cho T, McClain-Caldwell I, Gingerich AD, Han H, Westerman M, Rada B, Mezey É. Bone marrow stromal cell-derived hepcidin has antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3986. [PMID: 38368463 PMCID: PMC10874407 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54227-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) have immunomodulatory activities in numerous species and have been used in clinical trials. BMSCs also make antibacterial agents. Since hepcidin is known to have antimicrobial effects in fish, we wondered if it might also be used as an antimicrobial agent by mammalian BMSCs. In the present study, we show hepcidin expression in both mouse (mBMSC) and human BMSCs (hBMSC). We observed a hBMSC hepcidin-dependent degradation of ferroportin in HEK-293 reporter cells in vitro. In human and mouse bone marrows (BM) we detected hepcidin-positive BMSCs in close proximity to hematopoietic progenitors. The conditioned culture medium of hBMSCs significantly reduced bacterial proliferation that was partially blocked by a hepcidin-neutralizing antibody. Similarly, medium in which hepcidin-deficient (Hamp-/-) mouse BMSCs had been grown was significantly less effective in reducing bacterial counts than the medium of wild-type cells. In a zymosan-induced peritonitis mouse model we found that mBMSC-derived hepcidin reduced the number of invading polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells in the peritoneal cavity. Our results show that BMSC-derived hepcidin has antimicrobial properties in vitro and also reduces inflammation in vivo. We conclude that hepcidin should be added to the expanding arsenal of agents available to BMSCs to fight infections and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Krepuska
- National Institutes of Health, NIDCR, ASCS, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Balázs Mayer
- National Institutes of Health, NIDCR, ASCS, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermato-Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Vamsee D Myneni
- National Institutes of Health, NIDCR, ASCS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Krisztián Németh
- National Institutes of Health, NIDCR, ASCS, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermato-Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Ted Cho
- National Institutes of Health, NIDCR, ASCS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Aaron D Gingerich
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Balázs Rada
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Éva Mezey
- National Institutes of Health, NIDCR, ASCS, Bethesda, MD, USA
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10
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Schrader M. Origins, Technological Advancement, and Applications of Peptidomics. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2758:3-47. [PMID: 38549006 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3646-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Peptidomics is the comprehensive characterization of peptides from biological sources instead of heading for a few single peptides in former peptide research. Mass spectrometry allows to detect a multitude of peptides in complex mixtures and thus enables new strategies leading to peptidomics. The term was established in the year 2001, and up to now, this new field has grown to over 3000 publications. Analytical techniques originally developed for fast and comprehensive analysis of peptides in proteomics were specifically adjusted for peptidomics. Although it is thus closely linked to proteomics, there are fundamental differences with conventional bottom-up proteomics. Fundamental technological advancements of peptidomics since have occurred in mass spectrometry and data processing, including quantification, and more slightly in separation technology. Different strategies and diverse sources of peptidomes are mentioned by numerous applications, such as discovery of neuropeptides and other bioactive peptides, including the use of biochemical assays. Furthermore, food and plant peptidomics are introduced similarly. Additionally, applications with a clinical focus are included, comprising biomarker discovery as well as immunopeptidomics. This overview extensively reviews recent methods, strategies, and applications including links to all other chapters of this book.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schrader
- Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Weihenstephan-Tr. University of Applied Sciences, Freising, Germany.
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11
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Mousa H, Al Saei A, Razali RM, Zughaier SM. Vitamin D status affects proteomic profile of HDL-associated proteins and inflammatory mediators in dyslipidemia. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 123:109472. [PMID: 37863441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency and dyslipidemia have substantial implications for human health globally. Vitamin D is essential for bone metabolism and immune modulation, and its insufficiency is linked to various chronic inflammatory conditions. Dyslipidemia, characterized by low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides, is also prevalent. Previous research has shown a connection between vitamin D deficiency and low HDL, but the precise mechanism by which vitamin D influences HDL production and its anti-inflammatory properties remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the proteomic profiles of individuals with and without vitamin D deficiency and dyslipidemia, specifically focusing on the effects of vitamin D on HDL production, its anti-inflammatory potential, and the molecular pathways associated with vitamin D deficiency and dyslipidemia, particularly inflammation and cancer pathways. By analyzing the proteomic profiles of 274 participants from the Qatar Biobank database, we identified 1301 proteins. Our findings indicated a decrease in HDL-associated apolipoproteins (ApoM and ApoD) in individuals with both dyslipidemia and vitamin D deficiency. Conversely, participants with these conditions exhibited increased expression of acute-phase proteins (SAA1 and SOD1), which are associated with inflammation. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed heightened inflammatory activity in individuals with vitamin D deficiency and dyslipidemia, with notable enrichments in pathways such as MAPK, JAK-STAT, Ras signaling, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, AGE-RAGE, ErbB signaling, and cancer pathways. Overall, cases of vitamin D deficiency showed enrichment in inflammation pathways, while individuals with both vitamin D deficiency and dyslipidemia demonstrated enhanced activation of cancer and inflammation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Mousa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Aisha Al Saei
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rozaimi Mohamad Razali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Susu M Zughaier
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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12
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Al-Rawaf HA, Gabr SA, Iqbal A, Alghadir AH. Circulating microRNAs and hepcidin as predictors of iron homeostasis and anemia among school children: a biochemical and cross-sectional survey analysis. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:595. [PMID: 38102707 PMCID: PMC10724951 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01579-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can control several biological processes. Thus, the existence of these molecules plays a significant role in regulating human iron metabolism or homeostasis. PURPOSE The study aimed to determine the role of circulating microRNAs and hepcidin in controlling iron homeostasis and evaluating possible anemia among school children. METHODS The study was based on a biochemical and cross-sectional survey study that included three hundred fifty school children aged 12-18 years old. RT-PCR and immunoassay analysis were accomplished to estimate iron concentration, Hgb, serum ferritin (SF), soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), total body iron stores (TIBs), total oxidative stress (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and miRNAs; miR-146a, miR-129b, and miR-122 in 350 school adolescents. RESULTS Iron disorders were cross-sectionally predicted in 28.54% of the study population; they were classified into 14.26% with ID, 5.7% with IDA, and 8.6% with iron overload. The overall proportion of iron depletion was significantly higher in girls (20.0%) than in boys (8.6%). MicroRNAs; miR-146a, miR-125b, and miR-122 were significantly upregulated with lower hepcidin expression in adolescence with ID and IDA compared to iron-overloaded subjects, whereas downregulation of these miRNAs was linked with higher hepcidin. Also, a significant correlation was recorded between miRNAs, hepcidin levels, AGP, hs-CRP, TAC, and other iron-related indicators. CONCLUSION Molecular microRNAs such as miR-146a, miR-125b, and miR-122 were shown to provide an additional means of controlling or regulating cellular iron uptake or metabolism either via the oxidative stress pathway or regulation of hepcidin expression via activating genes encoding Hfe and Hjv activators, which promote iron regulation. Thus, circulating miRNAs as molecular markers and serum hepcidin could provide an additional means of controlling or regulating cellular iron and be associated as valuable markers in diagnosing and treating cases with different iron deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel A Al-Rawaf
- Departments of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A Gabr
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir Iqbal
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmad H Alghadir
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Liao G, Wang S, Wang Z, Zhang C, Li Z, Yang H, Zhou A, Xie S, Fan L, Wang M, Zou J, Zeng F. Characterization, Expression, and Functional Analysis of the Northern Snakehead (Channa argus) Hepcidin. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023:10.1007/s12602-023-10195-y. [PMID: 38048025 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10195-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Hepcidin, an antimicrobial peptide (AMP), is a well-conserved molecule present in various species such as fish, amphibians, birds, reptiles, and mammals. It exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and holds a significant role in the innate immune system of host organisms. The northern snakehead (Channa argus) has become a valuable freshwater fish in China and Asia. In this investigation, the cDNA encoding the hepcidin gene of northern snakehead was cloned and named caHep. The amino acid sequences and protein structure of caHep are similar to those of hepcidins from other fish. The eukaryotic expression product of the caHep gene showed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Scanning electron microscope analysis indicated that the caHep peptide inhibited bacterial growth by damaging their cell membranes. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection induced significant expression of caHep, implying the involvement of caHep in the innate immune response of northern snakeheads. This investigation showed that the caHep peptide is potentially a robust antibacterial drug against bacterial diseases in aquaculture animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Liao
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shulan Wang
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zimo Wang
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chaonan Zhang
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zicong Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Huirong Yang
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Zhongshan Innovation Center of South China Agricultural University, Zhongshan, 528400, China
| | - Aiguo Zhou
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shaolin Xie
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lanfen Fan
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Meifang Wang
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jixing Zou
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Fang Zeng
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Zhongshan Innovation Center of South China Agricultural University, Zhongshan, 528400, China.
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14
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Fei Y, Wang Q, Lu J, Ouyang L, Hu Q, Chen L. New insights into the antimicrobial mechanism of LEAP2 mutant zebrafish under Aeromonas hydrophila infection using transcriptome analysis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 143:109225. [PMID: 37977545 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) is a blood-derived antimicrobial peptide expressed predominantly in the liver. Although LEAP2 has been reported to exert antimicrobial effects in various fish species, its antimicrobial mechanism is not entirely understood. Zebrafish is an intensively developing animal model for studying bacterial diseases. In this study, we used zebrafish to identify the role of LEAP2 in bacterial infection. We found that knockout of LEAP2 in zebrafish led to a higher bacterial burden and mortality. To further investigate the effect of LEAP2 mutation on the immune system, we conducted a comparative transcriptome analysis of zebrafish with a mutant of LEAP2. Based on gene ontologies (GO) enrichment, LEAP2 mutant zebrafish revealed that, compared to wild-type zebrafish, robust responses to bacteria, inflammatory factors, and disrupt immune homeostasis and induct hyperinflammation. Furthermore, based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, six immune pathways were identified: Phagosome, NOD-like receptor, ferroptosis, Cytokine-cytokine receptor, Toll-like receptor, and FOXO signalling pathways. Interestingly, besides the liver, muscle, intestine, and eggs are also significantly enriched to the ferroptosis pathway, as revealed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), further confirmed that the effect of LEAP2 mutations on inflammatory factors and ferroptosis-related genes. Most importantly, this is the first report of the zebrafish LEAP2 mutant transcriptome obtained using high-throughput sequencing. Our study employed comparative transcriptome analysis to reveal the inflammatory response and ferroptosis-signalling pathway as a novel potential mechanism of LEAP2 antibacterial activity, laying the foundation for future studies of LEAP2 immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Fei
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jigang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linyue Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quiqin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangbiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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15
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Fonseca Ó, Ramos AS, Gomes LTS, Gomes MS, Moreira AC. New Perspectives on Circulating Ferritin: Its Role in Health and Disease. Molecules 2023; 28:7707. [PMID: 38067440 PMCID: PMC10708148 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of iron disturbances usually includes the evaluation of serum parameters. Serum iron is assumed to be entirely bound to transferrin, and transferrin saturation-the ratio between the serum iron concentration and serum transferrin-usually reflects iron availability. Additionally, serum ferritin is commonly used as a surrogate of tissue iron levels. Low serum ferritin values are interpreted as a sign of iron deficiency, and high values are the main indicator of pathological iron overload. However, in situations of inflammation, serum ferritin levels may be very high, independently of tissue iron levels. This presents a particularly puzzling challenge for the clinician evaluating the overall iron status of the patient in the presence of an inflammatory condition. The increase in serum ferritin during inflammation is one of the enigmas regarding iron metabolism. Neither the origin, the mechanism of release, nor the effects of serum ferritin are known. The use of serum ferritin as a biomarker of disease has been rising, and it has become increasingly diverse, but whether or not it contributes to controlling the disease or host pathology, and how it would do it, are important, open questions. These will be discussed here, where we spotlight circulating ferritin and revise the recent clinical and preclinical data regarding its role in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Fonseca
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Ó.F.); (A.S.R.); (L.T.S.G.); (M.S.G.)
| | - Ana S. Ramos
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Ó.F.); (A.S.R.); (L.T.S.G.); (M.S.G.)
- FCUP—Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Leonor T. S. Gomes
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Ó.F.); (A.S.R.); (L.T.S.G.); (M.S.G.)
- FCUP—Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Salomé Gomes
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Ó.F.); (A.S.R.); (L.T.S.G.); (M.S.G.)
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana C. Moreira
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Ó.F.); (A.S.R.); (L.T.S.G.); (M.S.G.)
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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16
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Lenin KLD, Antony SP. In silico molecular and functional characterization of a dual function antimicrobial peptide, hepcidin (GIFT-Hep), isolated from genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus). J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:130. [PMID: 37987875 PMCID: PMC10663414 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00579-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), innate immune response molecules in organisms, are also known for their dual functionality, exemplified by hepcidin-an immunomodulator and iron regulator. Identifying and studying various AMPs from fish species can provide valuable insights into the immune profiles of aquaculturally significant fish, which can be made use of in its culture. RESULTS Hepcidin, a dual-function antimicrobial peptide, was isolated from the gill tissue of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT-Hep). GIFT-Hep consists of a 90 amino acid pre-propeptide with a 24-mer signal, a 40-mer propeptide, and a 26-mer mature peptide region. The mature peptide had a molecular weight of 3015.61 Da, a theoretical pI of 8.78, a net charge of +4.25, and a protein-binding potential of 2.06 kcal/mol. Four disulfide bonds were formed by eight cysteine residues in the mature region. The presence of positively charged arginine residues renders the peptide 50% hydrophobic. Molecular analysis of GIFT-Hep revealed the presence of a furin propeptide convertase motif, RX(K/R)R, which facilitates trimming of the peptide to yield the mature GIFT-Hep. The hypothetical iron regulatory sequence, QSHLSL, was also identified in the mature peptide. In silico predictions about the characteristics of GIFT-Hep, such as charge, hydrophobicity, high surface accessibility, transmembrane helical regions, hydrophobic faces, hot spots, and cell-penetrating properties, suggest that the peptide functions as an iron regulatory antimicrobial agent. CONCLUSIONS This study reports a hepcidin antimicrobial peptide with both HAMP1 and HAMP2 properties isolated from genetically improved farmed tilapia, and further evaluation of the properties will prove the feasibility of GIFT-Hep being used as a therapeutant in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Dhanya Lenin
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, Kerala, 682016, India
| | - Swapna P Antony
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, Kerala, 682016, India.
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17
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Moro H, Bamba Y, Nagano K, Hakamata M, Ogata H, Shibata S, Cho H, Aoki N, Sato M, Ohshima Y, Watanabe S, Koya T, Takada T, Kikuchi T. Dynamics of iron metabolism in patients with bloodstream infections: a time-course clinical study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19143. [PMID: 37932342 PMCID: PMC10628148 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46383-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The close relationship between infectious diseases and iron metabolism is well known, but a more detailed understanding based on current knowledge may provide new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases, considering the growing threat of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This study investigated adult patients with bloodstream infections, temporal changes, and relationships between blood levels of iron and related markers, including hepcidin and lipocalin-2 (LCN2). We included 144 samples from 48 patients (mean age 72 years, 50% male), with 30 diagnosed with sepsis. During the acute phase of infection, blood levels of hepcidin and LCN2 increased rapidly, whereas iron levels decreased, with values in 95.8% of cases below the normal range (40-188 μg/dL). Later, hepcidin and LCN2 decreased significantly during the recovery phase, and the decreased iron concentrations were restored. In the case of persistent inflammation, iron remained decreased. Acute LCN2 levels were significantly higher in patients with sepsis (p < 0.01). Hypoferremia induced by increased hepcidin would reduce iron in the environment of extracellular pathogens, and the increased LCN2 would inhibit siderophores, resulting in the prevention of the pathogen's iron acquisition in each manner during the acute phase of bloodstream infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Moro
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-Dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
| | - Yuuki Bamba
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-Dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Kei Nagano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-Dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Mariko Hakamata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-Dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Ogata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-Dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shibata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-Dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hiromi Cho
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-Dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Nobumasa Aoki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-Dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Mizuho Sato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-Dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Ohshima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-Dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-Dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Koya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-Dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Toshinori Takada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-Dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kikuchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-Dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
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18
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Płonka D, Wiśniewska MD, Ziemska-Legięcka J, Grynberg M, Bal W. The Cu(II) affinity constant and reactivity of Hepcidin-25, the main iron regulator in human blood. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 248:112364. [PMID: 37689037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Hepcidin is an iron regulatory hormone that does not bind iron directly. Instead, its mature 25-peptide form (H25) contains a binding site for other metals, the so-called ATCUN/NTS (amino-terminal Cu/Ni binding site). The Cu(II)-hepcidin complex was previously studied, but due to poor solubility and difficult handling of the peptide the definitive account on the binding equilibrium was not obtained reliably. In this study we performed a series of fluorescence competition experiments between H25 and its model peptides containing the same ATCUN/NTS site and determined the Cu(II) conditional binding constant of the CuH25 complex at pH 7.4, CK7.4 = 4 ± 2 × 1014 M-1. This complex was found to be very inert in exchange reactions and poorly reactive in the ascorbate consumption test. The consequences of these findings for the putative role of Cu(II) interactions with H25 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Płonka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - Marta D Wiśniewska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - Joanna Ziemska-Legięcka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - Marcin Grynberg
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - Wojciech Bal
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, Warsaw 02-106, Poland.
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19
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Sadakane H, Matsumura M, Murakami M, Itoyama E, Shimokawa F, Sakota S, Yoshioka H, Kawabata H, Matsui T, Funaba M. Weak response of bovine hepcidin induction to iron through decreased expression of Smad4. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23243. [PMID: 37800888 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301186rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepcidin negatively regulates systemic iron levels by inhibiting iron entry into the circulation. Hepcidin production is increased in response to an increase in systemic iron via the activation of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway. Regulation of hepcidin expression by iron status has been proposed on the basis of evidence mainly from rodents and humans. We evaluated the effect of iron administration on plasma hepcidin concentrations in calves and the expression of bovine hepcidin by the BMP pathway in a cell culture study. Hematocrit as well as levels of blood hemoglobin and plasma iron were lower than the reference level in calves aged 1-4 weeks. Although intramuscular administration of iron increased iron-related parameters, plasma hepcidin concentrations were unaffected. Treatment with BMP6 increased hepcidin expression in human liver-derived cells but not in bovine liver-derived cells. A luciferase-based reporter assay revealed that Smad4 was required for hepcidin reporter transcription induced by Smad1. The reporter activity of hepcidin was lower in the cells transfected with bovine Smad4 than in those transfected with murine Smad4. The lower expression levels of bovine Smad4 were responsible for the lower activity of the hepcidin reporter, which might be due to the instability of bovine Smad4 mRNA. In fact, the endogenous Smad4 protein levels were lower in bovine cells than in human and murine cells. Smad4 also confers TGF-β/activin-mediated signaling. Induction of TGF-β-responsive genes was also lower after treatment with TGF-β1 in bovine hepatocytes than in human hepatoma cells. We revealed the unique regulation of bovine hepcidin expression and the characteristic TGF-β family signaling mediated by bovine Smad4. The present study suggests that knowledge of the regulatory expression of hepcidin as well as TGF-β family signaling obtained in murine and human cells is not always applicable to bovine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Sadakane
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Manami Matsumura
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaru Murakami
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Azabu University School of Veterinary Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | | | - Fumie Shimokawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Azabu University School of Veterinary Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Shotaro Sakota
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Azabu University School of Veterinary Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Kawabata
- National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tohru Matsui
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masayuki Funaba
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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20
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Moosazadeh Moghaddam M, Fazel P, Fallah A, Sedighian H, Kachuei R, Behzadi E, Imani Fooladi AA. Host and Pathogen-Directed Therapies against Microbial Infections Using Exosome- and Antimicrobial Peptide-derived Stem Cells with a Special look at Pulmonary Infections and Sepsis. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2166-2191. [PMID: 37495772 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10594-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Microbial diseases are a great threat to global health and cause considerable mortality and extensive economic losses each year. The medications for treating this group of diseases (antibiotics, antiviral, antifungal drugs, etc.) directly attack the pathogenic agents by recognizing the target molecules. However, it is necessary to note that excessive use of any of these drugs can lead to an increase in microbial resistance and infectious diseases. New therapeutic methods have been studied recently using emerging drugs such as mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which act based on two completely different strategies against pathogens including Host-Directed Therapy (HDT) and Pathogen-Directed Therapy (PDT), respectively. In the PDT approach, AMPs interact directly with pathogens to interrupt their intrusion, survival, and proliferation. These drugs interact directly with the cell membrane or intracellular components of pathogens and cause the death of pathogens or inhibit their replication. The mechanism of action of MSC-Exos in HDT is based on immunomodulation and regulation, promotion of tissue regeneration, and reduced host toxicity. This review studies the potential of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes/ATPs therapeutic properties against microbial infectious diseases especially pulmonary infections and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Moosazadeh Moghaddam
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvindokht Fazel
- Department of Microbiology, Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arezoo Fallah
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Sedighian
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Kachuei
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Behzadi
- Academy of Medical Sciences of the I.R. of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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21
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Rangel K, Lechuga GC, Provance DW, Morel CM, De Simone SG. An Update on the Therapeutic Potential of Antimicrobial Peptides against Acinetobacter baumannii Infections. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1281. [PMID: 37765087 PMCID: PMC10537560 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The rise in antibiotic-resistant strains of clinically important pathogens is a major threat to global health. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recognized the urgent need to develop alternative treatments to address the growing list of priority pathogens. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) rank among the suggested options with proven activity and high potential to be developed into effective drugs. Many AMPs are naturally produced by living organisms protecting the host against pathogens as a part of their innate immunity. Mechanisms associated with AMP actions include cell membrane disruption, cell wall weakening, protein synthesis inhibition, and interference in nucleic acid dynamics, inducing apoptosis and necrosis. Acinetobacter baumannii is a critical pathogen, as severe clinical implications have developed from isolates resistant to current antibiotic treatments and conventional control procedures, such as UV light, disinfectants, and drying. Here, we review the natural AMPs representing primary candidates for new anti-A. baumannii drugs in post-antibiotic-era and present computational tools to develop the next generation of AMPs with greater microbicidal activity and reduced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyne Rangel
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Oswaldo Cruz Institut, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (K.R.); (G.C.L.); (D.W.P.J.); (C.M.M.)
- Epidemiology and Molecular Systematics Laboratory (LEMS), Oswaldo Cruz Institut, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Curty Lechuga
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Oswaldo Cruz Institut, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (K.R.); (G.C.L.); (D.W.P.J.); (C.M.M.)
- Epidemiology and Molecular Systematics Laboratory (LEMS), Oswaldo Cruz Institut, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - David W. Provance
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Oswaldo Cruz Institut, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (K.R.); (G.C.L.); (D.W.P.J.); (C.M.M.)
- Epidemiology and Molecular Systematics Laboratory (LEMS), Oswaldo Cruz Institut, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos M. Morel
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Oswaldo Cruz Institut, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (K.R.); (G.C.L.); (D.W.P.J.); (C.M.M.)
| | - Salvatore G. De Simone
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Oswaldo Cruz Institut, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (K.R.); (G.C.L.); (D.W.P.J.); (C.M.M.)
- Epidemiology and Molecular Systematics Laboratory (LEMS), Oswaldo Cruz Institut, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
- Program of Post-Graduation on Science and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 22040-036, RJ, Brazil
- Program of Post-Graduation on Parasitic Biology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
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22
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Vizi Z, Hotchkiss D, Lányi K, Sterczer Á. Quantitative demonstration of the existence of two isoforms of canine hepcidin in the serum & urine of dogs. Res Vet Sci 2023; 162:104949. [PMID: 37442013 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.104949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Hepcidin-25 is the key peptide hormone controlling vertebrate iron metabolism. However, in the last twenty years there was some disagreement in the literature over the structure of this compound. The aim of this research was to study whether more than one isoform of canine hepcidin-25 exists. For the purpose of comparison serum concentrations of hepcidin-25 were determined in the samples of 47 dogs sick with acute/chronic inflammation too. The study demonstrated that two isoforms of canine hepcidin-25 exist. A statistical correlation may indicate that both molecules are synthesised by dogs together. No statistically significant correlations were found between the measured concentrations of the two canine hepcidin-25 isoforms and the measured serum iron parameters in the sampled dogs, irrespective of the measurements were made in serum or urine. The mean urinary total hepcidin-25/creatinine ratio in healthy dogs was 1.08 ± 0.10. The mean serum total hepcidin-25 concentration was 79.8 ± 4.9 ng/ml, about 65% of which was the 25β version. The presence of inflammation results in a statistically significant increase in the serum concentration of both hepcidin varieties. The role and fate of the two molecules may need to be researched further to provide better understanding of their relation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Vizi
- Department & Clinic of Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, H-1078, Budapest, István utca 2, Hungary
| | - D Hotchkiss
- Department & Clinic of Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, H-1078, Budapest, István utca 2, Hungary
| | - K Lányi
- Department of Food Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, H-1078 Budapest, István utca 2, Hungary.
| | - Á Sterczer
- Department & Clinic of Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, H-1078, Budapest, István utca 2, Hungary
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23
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Cheng CY, Hsu TH, Yang YL, Huang YH. Hemoglobin and Its Z Score Reference Intervals in Febrile Children: A Cohort Study of 98,572 Febrile Children. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1402. [PMID: 37628401 PMCID: PMC10453815 DOI: 10.3390/children10081402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Febrile disease and age of children were associated with a variation in hemoglobin (Hb) level. Both CRP and Hb serve as laboratory markers that offer valuable insights into a patient's health, particularly in relation to inflammation and specific medical conditions. Although a direct correlation between CRP and Hb levels is not established, the relationship between these markers has garnered academic attention and investigation. This study aimed to determine updated reference ranges for Hb levels for age and investigated its correlation with CRP in febrile children under the age of 18. METHODS This is a cohort study of in Chang Gung Memorial Hospitals conducted from January 2010 to December 2019. Blood samples were collected from 98,572 febrile children who were or had been admitted in the pediatric emergency department. The parameters of individuals were presented as the mean ± standard deviation or 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles. We also determined the variation of Hb and Z score of Hb between CRP levels in febrile children. RESULT We observed that the Hb levels were the highest immediately after birth and subsequently underwent a rapid decline, reaching their lowest point at around 1-2 months of age, and followed by a steady increment in Hb levels throughout childhood and adolescence. In addition, there was a significant and wide variation in Hb levels during the infant period. It revealed a significant association between higher CRP levels and lower Hb levels or a more negative Z score of Hb across all age subgroups. Moreover, in patients with bacteremia, CRP levels were higher, Hb concentrations were lower, and Z scores of Hb were also lower compared to the non-bacteremia group. Furthermore, the bacteremia group exhibited a more substantial negative correlation between CRP levels and a Z score of Hb (r = -0.41, p < 0.001) compared to the non-bacteremia group (r = -0.115, p < 0.049). CONCLUSION The study findings revealed that the Hb references varied depending on the age of the children and their CRP levels. In addition, we established new reference values for Hb and its Z scores and explore their relationship with CRP. It provides valuable insights into the Hb status and its potential association with inflammation in febrile pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Yin Cheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsuan Hsu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 333, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsien Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 333, Taiwan
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24
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Ginzburg Y, An X, Rivella S, Goldfarb A. Normal and dysregulated crosstalk between iron metabolism and erythropoiesis. eLife 2023; 12:e90189. [PMID: 37578340 PMCID: PMC10425177 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythroblasts possess unique characteristics as they undergo differentiation from hematopoietic stem cells. During terminal erythropoiesis, these cells incorporate large amounts of iron in order to generate hemoglobin and ultimately undergo enucleation to become mature red blood cells, ultimately delivering oxygen in the circulation. Thus, erythropoiesis is a finely tuned, multifaceted process requiring numerous properly timed physiological events to maintain efficient production of 2 million red blood cells per second in steady state. Iron is required for normal functioning in all human cells, the erythropoietic compartment consuming the majority in light of the high iron requirements for hemoglobin synthesis. Recent evidence regarding the crosstalk between erythropoiesis and iron metabolism sheds light on the regulation of iron availability by erythroblasts and the consequences of insufficient as well as excess iron on erythroid lineage proliferation and differentiation. In addition, significant progress has been made in our understanding of dysregulated iron metabolism in various congenital and acquired malignant and non-malignant diseases. Finally, we report several actual as well as theoretical opportunities for translating the recently acquired robust mechanistic understanding of iron metabolism regulation to improve management of patients with disordered erythropoiesis, such as anemia of chronic inflammation, β-thalassemia, polycythemia vera, and myelodysplastic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Ginzburg
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Xiuli An
- LFKRI, New York Blood CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Stefano Rivella
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, The Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Cell and Molecular Biology affinity group (CAMB), University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics at the Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Penn Center for Musculoskeletal Disorders at the Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine at University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- RNA Institute at University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Adam Goldfarb
- Department of Pathology, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
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25
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Lin PC, Hsu WY, Lee PY, Hsu SH, Chiou SS. Insights into Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Thalassemia: From Pathophysiology to Novel Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12654. [PMID: 37628834 PMCID: PMC10454908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Thalassemia is a heterogeneous congenital hemoglobinopathy common in the Mediterranean region, Middle East, Indian subcontinent, and Southeast Asia with increasing incidence in Northern Europe and North America due to immigration. Iron overloading is one of the major long-term complications in patients with thalassemia and can lead to organ damage and carcinogenesis. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies in both transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) and non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia (NTDT). The incidence of HCC in patients with thalassemia has increased over time, as better chelation therapy confers a sufficiently long lifespan for the development of HCC. The mechanisms of iron-overloading-associated HCC development include the increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammation cytokines, dysregulated hepcidin, and ferroportin metabolism. The treatment of HCC in patients with thalassemia was basically similar to those in general population. However, due to the younger age of HCC onset in thalassemia, regular surveillance for HCC development is mandatory in TDT and NTDT. Other supplemental therapies and experiences of novel treatments for HCC in the thalassemia population were also reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chin Lin
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (P.-C.L.); (W.-Y.H.); (P.-Y.L.)
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yi Hsu
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (P.-C.L.); (W.-Y.H.); (P.-Y.L.)
| | - Po-Yi Lee
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (P.-C.L.); (W.-Y.H.); (P.-Y.L.)
| | - Shih-Hsien Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Center of Applied Genomics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Shin Chiou
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (P.-C.L.); (W.-Y.H.); (P.-Y.L.)
- Center of Applied Genomics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
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26
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Gal Y, Marcus H, Mamroud E, Aloni-Grinstein R. Mind the Gap-A Perspective on Strategies for Protecting against Bacterial Infections during the Period from Infection to Eradication. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1701. [PMID: 37512874 PMCID: PMC10386665 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a pressing public health concern, highlighting the need for alternative approaches to control bacterial infections. Promising approaches include the development of therapeutic vaccines and the utilization of innate immune activation techniques, which may prove useful in conjunction with antibiotics, as well as other antibacterial modalities. However, innate activation should be fast and self- or actively- contained to prevent detrimental consequences. TLR ligand adjuvants are effective at rapidly activating, within minutes to hours, the innate immune system by inducing cytokine production and other signaling molecules that bolster the host's immune response. Neutrophils serve as the first line of defense against invading pathogens by capturing and destroying them through various mechanisms, such as phagocytosis, intracellular degradation, and the formation of NETs. Nutritional immunity is another host defense mechanism that limits the availability of essential metals, such as iron, from invading bacterial pathogens. Thus, iron starvation has been proposed as a potential antibacterial strategy. In this review, we focus on approaches that have the potential to enhance rapid and precise antibacterial responses, bridging the gap between the onset of infection and the elimination of bacteria, hence limiting the infection by antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Gal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Hadar Marcus
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Emanuelle Mamroud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Ronit Aloni-Grinstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
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27
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Jin Z, Shen M, Wang L, Wang C, Gao M, Yu G, Chang Z, Zhang X. Antibacterial and immunoregulatory activity of an antimicrobial peptide hepcidin in loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus). Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124833. [PMID: 37207751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are members of humoral immunity and particpate in resisting microbial invasion. In this study, an AMP gene hepcidin was obtained from the oriental loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus and named Ma-Hep. This Ma-Hep encodes a peptide of 90 amino acids, with a predicted active peptide segment (Ma-sHep) of 25 amino acids at C terminus. Stimulation by a bacterial pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila resulted in significant up-regulation of Ma-Hep transcripts in loach midgut, head kidney, and gill. Ma-Hep and Ma-sHep proteins were expressed in Pichia pastoris and their antibacterial activity was examined. Results showed that Ma-sHep possessed stronger antibacterial activity against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, compared to Ma-Hep. Scanning electron microscopy showed that Ma-sHep might kill bacteria by destroying bacterial cell membranes. Moreover, we found that Ma-sHep had an inhibitory effect on blood cell apoptosis induced by A. hydrophila and facilitated the bacterial phagocytosis and clearance in loach. Histopathological analysis indicated Ma-sHep could protect liver and gut of loach from bacterial infection. Ma-sHep has high thermal stability and PH stability, which is conducive to further feed addition. Feed supplemented with Ma-sHep expressing yeast improved the intestinal flora of loach by increasing the dominant bacteria and decreasing the harmful bacteria. Feed supplemented with Ma-sHep expressing yeast also regulated the expression of inflammatory related factors in various tissues of loach and reduced the mortality of loach upon bacterial infection. These findings show that the antibacterial peptide Ma-sHep is involved in the antibacterial defense of loach and can be used as a candidate for new antimicrobial agents in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Manli Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Liuen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Cui Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Miaomiao Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Guoying Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China; State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan center for outstanding overseas scientists of pulmonary fibrosis, College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Zhongjie Chang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China; State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan center for outstanding overseas scientists of pulmonary fibrosis, College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China; State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan center for outstanding overseas scientists of pulmonary fibrosis, College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Ecology and Technology, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; The Observation and Research Field Station of Taihang Mountain Forest Ecosystems of Henan Province, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China.
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28
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Sun L, Yang B, Peng Z, Yang T, Qin B, Ao J, Yang Y, Wang J, Zheng L, Xie H. Transcriptomics and Phenotypic Analysis of gpr56 Knockout in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097740. [PMID: 37175447 PMCID: PMC10178538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor is a seven-transmembrane receptor protein with a complex structure. Impaired GPR56 has been found to cause developmental damage to the human brain, resulting in intellectual disability and motor dysfunction. To date, studies on gpr56 deficiency in zebrafish have been limited to the nervous system, and there have been no reports of its systemic effects on juvenile fish at developmental stages. In order to explore the function of gpr56 in zebrafish, the CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing system was used to construct a gpr56-knockout zebrafish. Subsequently, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at the transcriptional level between the 3 days post fertilization (dpf) homozygotes of the gpr56 mutation and the wildtype zebrafish were analyzed via RNA-seq. The results of the clustering analysis, quantitative PCR (qPCR), and in situ hybridization demonstrated that the expression of innate immunity-related genes in the mutant was disordered, and multiple genes encoding digestive enzymes of the pancreatic exocrine glands were significantly downregulated in the mutant. Motor ability tests demonstrated that the gpr56-/- zebrafish were more active, and this change was more pronounced in the presence of cold and additional stimuli. In conclusion, our results revealed the effect of gpr56 deletion on the gene expression of juvenile zebrafish and found that the gpr56 mutant was extremely active, providing an important clue for studying the mechanism of gpr56 in the development of juvenile zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luning Sun
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Boyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Zheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Tianle Yang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Bin Qin
- Heart Development Center, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Jieyu Ao
- Heart Development Center, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Yanqun Yang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Jingling Wang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Lan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Huaping Xie
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Changsha 410081, China
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29
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Vasco M, Signoriello G, Scognamiglio M, Moccia G, Filauri P, Sansone A, Matarazzo I, Fiorito C, Grimaldi V, Viglietti M, Toce R, Congi R, Assunta Di Pastena M, Benincasa G, Napoli C. Reduced levels of hepcidin associated with lower ferritin concentration and increased number of previous donations in periodic blood donors: a pilot study. Transfus Clin Biol 2023:S1246-7820(23)00061-7. [PMID: 37085113 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepcidin is one of the major negative regulators of iron balance. Periodic blood donors are highly susceptible to have iron deficiency. Our goal was to evaluate the possible association between serum hepcidin levels and iron homeostasis parameters in periodic blood donors. MATERIALS AND METHODS We enrolled a total of n=39 periodic healthy blood donors (n=24 M and n=15 F). A solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure endogenous hepcidin-25 levels in serum biospecimens collected from each study participant. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate possible associations between hepcidin levels and ferritin, transferrin, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC), transferrin saturation (TSAT), and number of previous donations. RESULTS Reduced serum hepcidin levels significantly correlated with reduced serum ferritin concentration (r = 0.56, IC95%: 0.51-0.60, p < 0.01). A multiple linear regression analysis showed that hepcidin levels were independently and negatively correlated with ferritin (p < 0.01). In addition, the number of previous blood donations was significantly associated with reduced hepcidin levels, independently of the other covariates (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Reduced serum hepcidin levels were significantly associated with reduced levels of ferritin and with increased number of previous donations suggesting its possible clinical role as non-invasive "point-of-care" in predicting iron deficiency among periodic blood donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vasco
- U.O.C. Division of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Signoriello
- Department of Mental Health and Preventive Medicine, Chair of Statistics, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Scognamiglio
- U.O.C. Division of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giusi Moccia
- U.O.C. Division of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Filauri
- U.O.C. Division of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Annunziata Sansone
- U.O.C. Division of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Matarazzo
- U.O.C. Division of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Fiorito
- U.O.C. Division of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Grimaldi
- U.O.C. Division of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Viglietti
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Riccardo Toce
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaella Congi
- U.O.C. Division of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Di Pastena
- U.O.C. Division of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuditta Benincasa
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
| | - Claudio Napoli
- U.O.C. Division of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Ginzburg YZ. Hepcidin and its multiple partners: Complex regulation of iron metabolism in health and disease. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2023; 123:249-284. [PMID: 37717987 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The peptide hormone hepcidin is central to the regulation of iron metabolism, influencing the movement of iron into the circulation and determining total body iron stores. Its effect on a cellular level involves binding ferroportin, the main iron export protein, preventing iron egress and leading to iron sequestration within ferroportin-expressing cells. Hepcidin expression is enhanced by iron loading and inflammation and suppressed by erythropoietic stimulation. Aberrantly increased hepcidin leads to systemic iron deficiency and/or iron restricted erythropoiesis as occurs in anemia of chronic inflammation. Furthermore, insufficiently elevated hepcidin occurs in multiple diseases associated with iron overload such as hereditary hemochromatosis and iron loading anemias. Abnormal iron metabolism as a consequence of hepcidin dysregulation is an underlying factor resulting in pathophysiology of multiple diseases and several agents aimed at manipulating this pathway have been designed, with some already in clinical trials. In this chapter, we assess the complex regulation of hepcidin, delineate the many binding partners involved in its regulation, and present an update on the development of hepcidin agonists and antagonists in various clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Z Ginzburg
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United Sates.
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31
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A Novel Hepcidin Mutation. Transfus Clin Biol 2023:S1246-7820(23)00037-X. [PMID: 36925058 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bioactive peptide hormone hepcidin-25 regulates iron levels by inhibiting iron transport to plasma via ferroportin. Hepcidin-25 is synthesized in the liver where the 84 amino acids pro-hepcidin is cleaved into the bioactive hepcidin-25. A patient admitted to the hospital presented with infertility and fatigue. METHODS Genomic DNA was purified from whole blood using the Maxwell 16 system (Promega). MLPA analysis was performed to detect large genomic rearrangements using the SALSA MLPA kit # P347, Hemochromatosis (MRC Holland, Holland). Plasma hepcidin measurements were performed using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS A novel HAMP mutation (homozygous one base deletion in c.215delG, p.Cys72Serfs*?) was detected. The deletion in nucleotide 215 causes a frameshift altering the predicted protein sequence from cysteine13 in mature peptide. Whether this leads to nonsense mediated decay of the mRNA or synthesis of an aberrant peptide in unknown, but bioactive hepcidin-25 was undetectable in plasma. The patient had massive iron overload with ferritin up to 8360 µg/L. He was anaemic with a Hb at 7.0 mmol/L (11.3 g/dL) and suffered from hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with a total testosterone of 1.2 nmol/l . Continued treatment with venesection and gonadotropins led to reduced fatigue, reduction in iron overload, a normalized Hb and improvement of semen quality. CONCLUSION A novel hepcidin mutation was detected in a patient with massive iron overload, fatigue and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
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Handa S, Ginzburg Y, Hoffman R, Kremyanskaya M. Hepcidin mimetics in polycythemia vera: resolving the irony of iron deficiency and erythrocytosis. Curr Opin Hematol 2023; 30:45-52. [PMID: 36728649 PMCID: PMC9908837 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Development of hepcidin therapeutics has been a ground-breaking discovery in restoring iron homeostasis in several haematological disorders. The hepcidin mimetic, rusfertide, is in late-stage clinical development for treating polycythemia vera patients with a global phase 3 trial [NCT05210790] currently underway. Rusfertide serves as the first possible noncytoreductive therapeutic option to maintain haematocrit control and avoid phlebotomy in polycythemia vera patients. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the pathobiology of dysregulated iron metabolism in polycythemia vera, provide the rationale for targeting the hepcidin-ferroportin axis and elaborate on the preclinical and clinical trial evidence supporting the role of hepcidin mimetics in polycythemia vera. RECENT FINDINGS Recently, updated results from two phase 2 clinical trials [NCT04057040 & NCT04767802] of rusfertide (PTG300) demonstrate that the drug is highly effective in eliminating the need for therapeutic phlebotomies, normalizing haematological parameters, repleting iron stores and relieving constitutional symptoms in patients with polycythemia vera. In light of these findings, additional hepcidin mimetic agents are also being evaluated in polycythemia vera patients. SUMMARY Hepcidin agonists essentially serve as a 'chemical phlebotomy' and are poised to vastly improve the quality of life for phlebotomy requiring polycythemia vera patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Handa
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Yelena Ginzburg
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Ronald Hoffman
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Marina Kremyanskaya
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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Kamei D, Nagano M, Takagaki T, Sakamoto T, Tsuchiya K. Comparison between liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectroscopy and a novel latex agglutination method for measurement of hepcidin-25 concentrations in dialysis patients with renal anemia: A multicenter study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13896. [PMID: 36879955 PMCID: PMC9984864 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Hepcidin-25 is an iron regulatory factor that plays an important role in anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease. Although liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) is the gold standard for measuring hepcidin-25 concentrations, results cannot be obtained immediately at clinical sites. In contrast, the latex immunoassay (LIA) can be performed using general clinical laboratory equipment, and the results can be obtained quickly. The aim of this study was to evaluate hepcidin-25 concentrations obtained by LC-MS/MS and a novel LIA method and compare the two methods. Materials and methods Hepcidin-25 was measured by LIA and LC-MS/MS in 182 hemodialysis patients. A hepcidin-25-specific reagent and an automatic analyzer were used for LIA, and a commercially available system was used for LC-MS/MS. The Passing-Bablok regression analysis method was used. Results On Passing-Bablok regression analysis, the slope was 1.000, with an intercept of 0.359. Very strong associations were obtained, and the measured values were almost identical. Conclusion The hepcidin-25 concentrations measured using LIA and those measured by LC-MS/MS were significantly correlated. LIA can be performed using general clinical examination equipment and has a higher throughput than LC-MS/MS. Therefore, measurement of hepcidin-25 concentrations by LIA can be useful for routine laboratory testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daigo Kamei
- Department of Blood Purification, Kidney Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawadacho, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
- Nerima Sakuradai Clinic, 4-11-9 Toyotamakita, Nerima-ku, Tokyo, 176-0012, Japan
- Corresponding author. Department of Blood Purification, Kidney Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawadacho, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Masashi Nagano
- Nerima Sakuradai Clinic, 4-11-9 Toyotamakita, Nerima-ku, Tokyo, 176-0012, Japan
| | - Takashi Takagaki
- FUJIFILM Corporation, 6-1, Takata-cho, Amagasaki-shi, Hyogo, 661-0963, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Sakamoto
- FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, 3-1-2 Doshomachi Chuo-ku, Osaka City, Osaka, 540-8605, Japan
| | - Ken Tsuchiya
- Department of Blood Purification, Kidney Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawadacho, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
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Amelioration of White Matter Injury Through Mitigating Ferroptosis Following Hepcidin Treatment After Spinal Cord Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:3365-3378. [PMID: 36853431 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03287-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) usually introduces permanent or long-lasting neurological impairments. Maintaining the integrity of the limited number of white matter bundles (5-10%) preserves wholly or partially locomotor following SCI. Considering that the basic structure of white matter bundles is axon wrapped by oligodendrocytes, promoting oligodendrocytes survival might be a feasible strategy for reducing white matter injury (WMI) after SCI. Oligodendrocytes are rich in unsaturated fatty acid and susceptible to ferroptosis-induced damage. Hence, exploring method to reduce ferroptosis is supposed to expedite oligodendrocytes survival, thereafter mitigating WMI to facilitate functional recovery post-SCI. Here, the results indicated the administration of hepcidin reduced iron accumulation to promote oligodendrocytes survival and to decrease spinal cord atrophy, therefore facilitating functional recovery. Then, the WMI was evidently decreased owing to attenuating ferroptosis. Subsequently, the results revealed that the expression of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and transferrin receptor (TfR) was expressed in CC1+ cells. The expression level of DMT1 and TfR was significantly increased, while this phenomenon was obviously neutralized with the administration of hepcidin in the epicenter of spinal cord after SCI. Afterward, the application of hepcidin downregulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) overload, which was evidently increased with the treatment of 20 μM FeCl3, therefore increasing cell viability and reducing lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity through downregulating the expression of DMT1 and TfR to inhibit ferroptosis in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). The present study provides evidence that the application of hepcidin facilitates oligodendrocytes survival to alleviate WMI via reducing the expression of DMT1 and TfR.
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Silvestri L, Pettinato M, Furiosi V, Bavuso Volpe L, Nai A, Pagani A. Managing the Dual Nature of Iron to Preserve Health. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043995. [PMID: 36835406 PMCID: PMC9961779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of its peculiar redox properties, iron is an essential element in living organisms, being involved in crucial biochemical processes such as oxygen transport, energy production, DNA metabolism, and many others. However, its propensity to accept or donate electrons makes it potentially highly toxic when present in excess and inadequately buffered, as it can generate reactive oxygen species. For this reason, several mechanisms evolved to prevent both iron overload and iron deficiency. At the cellular level, iron regulatory proteins, sensors of intracellular iron levels, and post-transcriptional modifications regulate the expression and translation of genes encoding proteins that modulate the uptake, storage, utilization, and export of iron. At the systemic level, the liver controls body iron levels by producing hepcidin, a peptide hormone that reduces the amount of iron entering the bloodstream by blocking the function of ferroportin, the sole iron exporter in mammals. The regulation of hepcidin occurs through the integration of multiple signals, primarily iron, inflammation and infection, and erythropoiesis. These signals modulate hepcidin levels by accessory proteins such as the hemochromatosis proteins hemojuvelin, HFE, and transferrin receptor 2, the serine protease TMPRSS6, the proinflammatory cytokine IL6, and the erythroid regulator Erythroferrone. The deregulation of the hepcidin/ferroportin axis is the central pathogenic mechanism of diseases characterized by iron overload, such as hemochromatosis and iron-loading anemias, or by iron deficiency, such as IRIDA and anemia of inflammation. Understanding the basic mechanisms involved in the regulation of hepcidin will help in identifying new therapeutic targets to treat these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Silvestri
- Regulation of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0226436889; Fax: +39-0226434723
| | - Mariateresa Pettinato
- Regulation of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Furiosi
- Regulation of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Bavuso Volpe
- Regulation of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Nai
- Regulation of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Pagani
- Regulation of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
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36
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Azemin WA, Alias N, Ali AM, Shamsir MS. Structural and functional characterisation of HepTH1-5 peptide as a potential hepcidin replacement. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:681-704. [PMID: 34870559 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.2011415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Hepcidin is a principal regulator of iron homeostasis and its dysregulation has been recognised as a causative factor in cancers and iron disorders. The strategy of manipulating the presence of hepcidin peptide has been used for cancer treatment. However, this has demonstrated poor efficiency and has been short-lived in patients. Many studies reported using minihepcidin therapy as an alternative way to treat hepcidin dysregulation, but this was only applied to non-cancer patients. Highly conserved fish hepcidin protein, HepTH1-5, was investigated to determine its potential use in developing a hepcidin replacement for human hepcidin (Hepc25) and as a therapeutic agent by targeting the tumour suppressor protein, p53, through structure-function analysis. The authors found that HepTH1-5 is stably bound to ferroportin, compared to Hepc25, by triggering the ferroportin internalisation via Lys42 and Lys270 ubiquitination, in a similar manner to the Hepc25 activity. Moreover, the residues Ile24 and Gly24, along with copper and zinc ligands, interacted with similar residues, Lys24 and Asp1 of Hepc25, respectively, showing that those molecules are crucial to the hepcidin replacement strategy. HepTH1-5 interacts with p53 and activates its function through phosphorylation. This finding shows that HepTH1-5 might be involved in the apoptosis signalling pathway upon a DNA damage response. This study will be very helpful for understanding the mechanism of the hepcidin replacement and providing insights into the HepTH1-5 peptide as a new target for hepcidin and cancer therapeutics.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Atirah Azemin
- School of Agriculture Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia.,Bioinformatics Research Group (BIRG), Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nadiawati Alias
- School of Agriculture Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Manaf Ali
- School of Agriculture Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shahir Shamsir
- Bioinformatics Research Group (BIRG), Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.,Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Pagoh Higher Education Hub, Muar, Johor, Malaysia
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Lin F, Tuffour A, Hao G, Peprah FA, Huang A, Zhou Y, Zhang H. Distinctive modulation of hepcidin in cancer and its therapeutic relevance. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1141603. [PMID: 36895478 PMCID: PMC9989193 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1141603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepcidin, a short peptide synthesized primarily by hepatocytes in response to increased body iron and inflammation, is a crucial iron-regulating factor. Hepcidin regulates intestinal iron absorption and releases iron from macrophages into plasma through a negative iron feedback mechanism. The discovery of hepcidin inspired a torrent of research into iron metabolism and related problems, which have radically altered our understanding of human diseases caused by an excess of iron, an iron deficiency, or an iron disparity. It is critical to decipher how tumor cells manage hepcidin expression for their metabolic requirements because iron is necessary for cell survival, particularly for highly active cells like tumor cells. Studies show that tumor and non-tumor cells express and control hepcidin differently. These variations should be explored to produce potential novel cancer treatments. The ability to regulate hepcidin expression to deprive cancer cells of iron may be a new weapon against cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, China
| | - Alex Tuffour
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Guijie Hao
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, China
| | | | - Aixia Huang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, China
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38
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Zhu QY, Chen RY, Yu J, Ding GH, Seah RWX, Chen J. Antimicrobial peptide hepcidin contributes to restoration of the intestinal flora after Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Acrossocheilus fasciatus. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 263:109486. [PMID: 36216305 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hepcidin is a cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptide that serves an important role in the immunity system of fishes. It exhibits antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antitumor activities. However, the exact role of fish hepcidin in the regulation of the intestinal flora still remains a mystery. In our study, we sequenced and characterized hepcidin from the liver of Acrossocheilus fasciatus. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that A. fasciatus hepcidin and Gobiocypris rarus hepcidin were the most closely related, and both belonged to the fish HAMP1 cluster. Studies conducted on in vivo tissue distribution showed that the expression of hepcidin was highest in healthy A. fasciatus liver. Aeromonas hydrophila infection was confirmed by the increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes and bacterial loads in A. fasciatus tissues. After A. hydrophila infection, hepcidin expression significantly increased in the liver, spleen, and head kidney. In vitro antibacterial assays showed that hepcidin exhibits strong broad spectrum antibacterial activity. Furthermore, we examined the regulatory effect of hepcidin on the intestinal flora and found that A. fasciatus hepcidin restored the reduced diversity and compositional changes in intestinal flora caused by A. hydrophila infection. Our results suggest that hepcidin could regulate the intestinal flora in fishes; however, the underlying mechanisms need to be explored in greater detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun-Yin Zhu
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Ru-Yi Chen
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Jing Yu
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Guo-Hua Ding
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Rachel Wan Xin Seah
- Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Jie Chen
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China.
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Liu X, Hu YZ, Pan YR, Liu J, Jiang YB, Zhang YA, Zhang XJ. Comparative study on antibacterial characteristics of the multiple liver expressed antimicrobial peptides (LEAPs) in teleost fish. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1128138. [PMID: 36891317 PMCID: PMC9986249 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1128138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are important components of the host innate immune system, forming the first line of defense against infectious microorganisms. Among them, liver-expressed antimicrobial peptides (LEAPs) are a family of antimicrobial peptides that widely exist in vertebrates. LEAPs include two types, named LEAP-1 and LEAP-2, and many teleost fish have two or more LEAP-2s. In this study, LEAP-2C from rainbow trout and grass carp were discovered, both of which are composed of 3 exons and 2 introns. The antibacterial functions of the multiple LEAPs were systematically compared in rainbow trout and grass carp. The gene expression pattern revealed that rainbow trout and grass carp LEAP-1, LEAP-2A, LEAP-2B and/or LEAP-2C were differentially expressed in various tissues/organs, mainly in liver. After bacterial infection, the expression levels of LEAP-1, LEAP-2A, LEAP-2B and/or LEAP-2C in the liver and gut of rainbow trout and grass carp increased to varying degrees. Moreover, the antibacterial assay and bacterial membrane permeability assay showed that rainbow trout and grass carp LEAP-1, LEAP-2A, LEAP-2B and LEAP-2C all have antibacterial activities against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with varying levels through membrane rupture. Furthermore, cell transfection assay showed that only rainbow trout LEAP-1, but not LEAP-2, can lead to the internalization of ferroportin, the only iron exporter on cell surface, indicating that only LEAP-1 possess iron metabolism regulation activity in teleost fish. Taken together, this study systematically compared the antibacterial function of LEAPs in teleost fish and the results suggest that multiple LEAPs can enhance the immunity of teleost fish through different expression patterns and different antibacterial activities to various bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Zhen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi-Ru Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - You-Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Abd ZN, Al-Hadraawy SK. Study the relationship between hepcidin and IL-6 in patients infected Entamoeba histolytica. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING ICCMSE 2021 2023. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0114875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Zhang J, Song Y, Li Y, Lin HB, Fang X. Iron homeostasis in the heart: Molecular mechanisms and pharmacological implications. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 174:15-24. [PMID: 36375319 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Iron is necessary for the life of practically all living things, yet it may also harm people toxically. Accordingly, humans and other mammals have evolved an effective and tightly regulatory system to maintain iron homeostasis in healthy tissues, including the heart. Iron deficiency is common in patients with heart failure, and is associated with worse prognosis in this population; while the prevalence of iron overload-related cardiovascular disorders is also increasing. Therefore, enhancing the therapy of patients with cardiovascular disorders requires a thorough understanding of iron homeostasis. Here, we give readers an overview of the fundamental mechanisms governing systemic iron homeostasis as well as the most recent knowledge about the intake, storage, use, and export of iron from the heart. Genetic mouse models used for investigation of iron metabolism in various in vivo scenarios are summarized and highlighted. We also go through different clinical conditions and therapeutic approaches that target cardiac iron dyshomeostasis. Finally, we conclude the review by outlining the present knowledge gaps and important open questions in this field in order to guide future research on cardiac iron metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yijing Song
- Department of Nutrition and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - You Li
- Department of Nutrition and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han-Bin Lin
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, SIMM, CAS, Zhongshan, China; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuexian Fang
- Department of Nutrition and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
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Zhou J, Feng M, Zhang W, Kuang R, Zou Q, Su J, Yuan G. Oral administration of hepcidin and chitosan benefits growth, immunity, and gut microbiota in grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella). Front Immunol 2022; 13:1075128. [PMID: 36591242 PMCID: PMC9798086 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1075128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive high-density culture patterns are causing an increasing number of bacterial diseases in fish. Hepcidin links iron metabolism with innate immunity in the process of resisting bacterial infection. In this study, the antibacterial effect of the combination of hepcidin (Cihep) and chitosan (CS) against Flavobacterium columnare was investigated. The dosing regimen was also optimized by adopting a feeding schedule of every three days and every seven days. After 56 days of feeding experiment, grass carp growth, immunity, and gut microbiota were tested. In vitro experiments, Cihep and CS can regulate iron metabolism and antibacterial activity, and that the combination of Cihep and CS had the best protective effect. In vivo experiments, Cihep and CS can improve the growth index of grass carp. After challenge with Flavobacterium columnare, the highest survival rate was observed in the Cihep+CS-3d group. By serum biochemical indicators assay and Prussian blue staining, Cihep and CS can increase iron accumulation and decrease serum iron levels. The contents of lysozyme and superoxide dismutase in Cihep+CS-3d group increased significantly. Meanwhile, Cihep and CS can significantly reduce the pathological damage of gill tissue. The 16S rRNA sequencing results showed that Cihep and CS can significantly increase the abundance and diversity of grass carp gut microbiota. These results indicated that the protective effect of consecutive 3-day feeding followed by a 3-day interval was better than that of consecutive 7-day feeding followed by a 7-day interval, and that the protective effect of Cihep in combination with chitosan was better than that of Cihep alone. Our findings optimize the feeding pattern for better oral administration of Cihep in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Zhou
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Wuhan DaBeiNong (DBN) Aquaculture Technology Co. LTD, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mengzhen Feng
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weixiang Zhang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Kuang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qi Zou
- Wuhan DaBeiNong (DBN) Aquaculture Technology Co. LTD, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gailing Yuan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,*Correspondence: Gailing Yuan,
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Ali RB, Ahmed MH, Ibrahim HK, Mahmood HS. Tracking hepcidin level in induced type 2 diabetic rats and how Empagliflozin affects its level. JOURNAL OF POPULATION THERAPEUTICS AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY = JOURNAL DE LA THERAPEUTIQUE DES POPULATIONS ET DE LA PHARMACOLOGIE CLINIQUE 2022; 29:e158-e166. [PMID: 36473727 DOI: 10.47750/jptcp.2022.965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepcidin is a hormone that contributes to iron homeostasis, produced either through hepatic or extrahepatic pathways. Its production may be affected by proinflammatory mediators released by macrophages, which play a role in the development of peripheral insulin resistance. Insulin itself may increase the production of hepcidin hormone from pancreatic β-cells. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the impact of induction of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in albino wister rats on the level of hepcidin. Also, to examine the role of 2-week use of Empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2 Inhibitor), on the hepcidin level comparing to control. METHOD An interventional study includes randomization of 36 rats into three groups (A: negative control, B: positive control, and C: Empagliflozin group). Two rats were excluded from the study for different reasons. T2DM was induced using high-fat diet/high-sugar diet (HFD/HSD) for 8 weeks. Empagliflozin was then given to Group C for 2 weeks at a dose of 35 mg/kg/day. Hepcidin level was determined at the baseline, and at week 8 and week 10 intervals. Hepcidin was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Hepcidin level significantly increased following the induction of T2DM in both B and C Groups. Hepcidin level in Group B insignificantly reduced 2 weeks after discontinuation of HFD/HSD and significantly reduced in Group C. Group A experienced no statistical difference in hepcidin level at week 10 when compared to baseline. CONCLUSION Induction of T2DM is associated with a significant increase in the level of hepcidin. Empagliflozin significantly reduced hepcidin level in newly induced diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyam Bassil Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Mansoor Technical Medical Institute/Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Majid Hameed Ahmed
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Haidar K Ibrahim
- Pharmacy Department/Clinical Pharmacy, Al-Yarmouk University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hasanain Sh Mahmood
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Karbala, Kerbala, Iraq.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Laboratory sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Alkafeel, Najaf, Iraq;
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Huang J, Liu W, Song S, Li JC, Gan K, Shen C, Holzbeierlein J, Li B. The iron-modulating hormone hepcidin is upregulated and associated with poor survival outcomes in renal clear cell carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1080055. [PMID: 36532749 PMCID: PMC9757070 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1080055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Reliable biomarkers are rare for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treatment selection. We aimed to discover novel biomarkers for precision medicine. The iron-regulating hormone hepcidin (HAMP) was reportedly increased in RCC patient sera and tissues. However, its potential implication as a prognostic biomarker remains exclusive. Methods: Multiple RNA-seq and cDNA microarray datasets were utilized to analyze gene expression profiles. Hepcidin protein expression was assessed using an ELISA assay in cell culture models. Comparisons of gene expression profiles and patient survival outcomes were conducted using the R package bioinformatics software. Results: Five (HAMP, HBS, ISCA2, STEAP2, and STEAP3) out of 71 iron-modulating genes exhibited consistent changes along with tumor stage, lymph node invasion, distal metastasis, tumor cell grade, progression-free interval, overall survival, and disease-specific survival. Of which HAMP upregulation exerted as a superior factor (AUC = 0.911) over the other four genes in distinguishing ccRCC tissue from normal renal tissue. HAMP upregulation was tightly associated with its promoter hypomethylation and immune checkpoint factors (PDCD1, LAG3, TIGIT, and CTLA4). Interleukin-34 (IL34) treatment strongly enhanced hepcidin expression in renal cancer Caki-1 cells. Patients with higher levels of HAMP expression experienced worse survival outcomes. Conclusion: These data suggest that HAMP upregulation is a potent prognostic factor of poor survival outcomes and a novel immunotherapeutic biomarker for ccRCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- Pathological Diagnosis and Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wang Liu
- Department of Urology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS, United States
| | - Shiqi Song
- Pathological Diagnosis and Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jean C. Li
- Department of Urology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS, United States
| | - Kaimei Gan
- Pathological Diagnosis and Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chunxiao Shen
- Pathological Diagnosis and Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jeffrey Holzbeierlein
- Department of Urology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS, United States
| | - Benyi Li
- Department of Urology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS, United States
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Keikha M, Kamali H, Ghazvini K, Karbalaei M. Antimicrobial peptides: natural or synthetic defense peptides against HBV and HCV infections. Virusdisease 2022; 33:445-455. [PMID: 36447811 PMCID: PMC9701303 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-022-00790-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the literature, treatment of HCV and HBV infections faces challenges due to problems such as the emergence of drug-resistant mutants, the high cost of treatment, and the side effects of current antiviral therapy. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), a group of small peptides, are a part of the immune system and are considered as an alternative treatment for microbial infections. These peptides are water-soluble with amphiphilic (hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces) characteristics. AMPs are produced by a wide range of organisms including both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The antiviral mechanisms of AMPs include inhibiting virus entry, inhibiting intracellular virus replication, inhibiting intracellular viral packaging, and inducing immune responses. In addition, AMPs are a new generation of antiviral biomolecules that have very low toxicity for human host cells, particularly liver cell lines. AMPs can be considered as one of the most important strategies for developing new adjuvant drugs in the treatment of HBV and HCV infections. In the present study, several groups of AMPs (with a net positive charge) such as Human cathelicidin, Claudin-1, Defensins, Hepcidin, Lactoferrin, Casein, Plectasin, Micrococcin P1, Scorpion venom, and Synthetic peptides were reviewed with antiviral properties against HBV and HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Keikha
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Kamali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kiarash Ghazvini
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Karbalaei
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
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The role of iron in chronic inflammatory diseases: from mechanisms to treatment options in anemia of inflammation. Blood 2022; 140:2011-2023. [PMID: 35994752 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021013472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anemia of inflammation (AI) is a highly prevalent comorbidity in patients affected by chronic inflammatory disorders, such as chronic kidney disease, inflammatory bowel disease, or cancer, that negatively affect disease outcome and quality of life. The pathophysiology of AI is multifactorial, with inflammatory hypoferremia and iron-restricted erythropoiesis playing a major role in the context of disease-specific factors. Here, we review the recent progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms contributing to iron dysregulation in AI, the impact of hypoferremia and anemia on the course of the underlying disease, and (novel) therapeutic strategies applied to treat AI.
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Di Grazia A, Di Fusco D, Franzè E, Colella M, Strimpakos G, Salvatori S, Formica V, Laudisi F, Maresca C, Colantoni A, Ortenzi A, Stolfi C, Monteleone I, Monteleone G. Hepcidin Upregulation in Colorectal Cancer Associates with Accumulation of Regulatory Macrophages and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Correlates with Progression of the Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5294. [PMID: 36358713 PMCID: PMC9658525 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced, metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with high rate of mortality because of its poor responsiveness to chemotherapy/immunotherapy. Recent studies have shown that hepcidin, a peptide hormone produced mainly by hepatocytes, is expressed by and enhances the growth of tumor cells. We here assessed whether hepcidin expression helps identify subsets of CRC with advanced and aggressive course. By integrating results of in vitro/ex vivo studies with data of bioinformatics databases, we initially showed that hepcidin RNA and protein expression was more pronounced in tissue samples taken from the tumor area, as compared to the macroscopically unaffected, adjacent, colonic mucosa of CRC patients. The induction of hepcidin in the colonic epithelial cell line HCEC-1ct by interleukin (IL)-6, IL-21 and IL-23 occurred via a Stat3-dependent mechanism and, in primary CRC cells, hepcidin co-localized with active Stat3. In CRC tissue, hepcidin content correlated mainly with macrophage accumulation and IL-10 and CD206 expression, two markers of regulatory macrophages. Consistently, both IL-10 and CD206 were up-regulated by hepcidin in blood mononuclear cells. The highest levels of hepcidin were found in metastatic CRC and survival analysis showed that high expression of hepcidin associated with poor prognosis. Moreover, hepcidin expression correlated with markers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and the silencing of hepcidin in CRC cells reduced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers. These findings indicate that hepcidin is markedly induced in the advanced stages of CRC and suggest that it could serve as a prognostic biomarker in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Di Grazia
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Di Fusco
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Franzè
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Colella
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Georgios Strimpakos
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Council of Research (CNR), 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Salvatori
- Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Formica
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Laudisi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Maresca
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Colantoni
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Ortenzi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Stolfi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Ivan Monteleone
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Monteleone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Matsumura M, Murakami M, Funaba M. Transcriptional activation of hepcidin by the microphthalmia/transcription factor E family. Cell Biochem Funct 2022; 40:742-749. [PMID: 36062805 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hepcidin negatively regulates the circulating iron levels by inhibiting the intestinal absorption of iron as well as iron release from macrophages. Hepcidin activity is largely determined by its expression, which is regulated at the transcriptional level. Hepcidin transcription is induced not only by the iron status-related bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2/6, but also by inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. The present study reveals that the microphthalmia (MiT)/transcription factor E (TFE) family members are novel regulators of hepcidin transcription. Melanocyte-inducing transcription factor (MITF)-A, a member of the MiT/TFE family, was identified as a positive regulator of hepcidin transcription via stimulus screening for transcription regulators. An E-box (5'-CATGTG-3') spanning nt-645 to nt-640 of the murine hepcidin promoter was identified as an MITF-A-responsive element. Responsiveness to MITF-A on hepcidin transcription decreased when the cells were stimulated with BMP2 or IL-1β. These results suggest a functional interaction between the MITF pathway and BMP- or IL-1β-mediated signaling. TFEB and TFE3, members of the MiT/TFE family, also stimulated hepcidin transcription, but the main region responsible for hepcidin transcription was distinct from that induced by MITF-A. The region spanning nt-581 to nt-526 was involved in TFEB/TFE3-mediated hepcidin transcription. Considering that members of the MiT/TFE family act as regulators of starvation-induced lysosomal biogenesis, hepcidin expression may be controlled by additional pathways apart from those identified so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manami Matsumura
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaru Murakami
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Azabu University School of Veterinary Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Masayuki Funaba
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Barney DE, Ippolito JR, Berryman CE, Hennigar SR. A Prolonged Bout of Running Increases Hepcidin and Decreases Dietary Iron Absorption in Trained Female and Male Runners. J Nutr 2022; 152:2039-2047. [PMID: 35661896 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Declines in iron status are frequently reported in those who regularly engage in strenuous physical activity. A possible reason is increases in the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin, which functions to inhibit dietary iron absorption and can be induced by the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6). OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to determine the impact of a prolonged bout of running on hepcidin and dietary iron absorption in trained female and male runners. METHODS Trained female and male collegiate cross country runners (n = 28, age: 19.7 ± 1.2 y, maximal oxygen uptake: 66.1 ± 6.1 mL $\cdot$ kg -1$\cdot$ min-2, serum ferritin: 21.9 ± 13.3 ng/mL) performed a prolonged run (98.8 ± 14.7 min, 21.2 ± 3.8 km, 4.7 ± 0.3 min/km) during a team practice. Participants consumed a stable iron isotope with a standardized meal 2 h postrun and blood was collected 1 h later. The protocol was repeated 2 wk later except participants abstained from exercise (rest). RBCs were collected 15 d after exercise and rest to determine isotope enrichment. Differences between exercise and rest were assessed by paired t tests and Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank tests. Data are means ± SDs. RESULTS Plasma hepcidin increased 51% after exercise (45.8 ± 34.4 ng/mL) compared with rest (30.3 ± 27.2 ng/mL, P = 0.0010). Fractional iron absorption was reduced by 36% after exercise (11.8 ± 14.6 %) compared with rest (18.5 ± 14.4 %, P = 0.025). Plasma IL-6 was greater after exercise (0.660 ± 0.354 pg/mL) than after rest (0.457 ± 0.212 pg/mL, P < 0.0001). Exploratory analyses revealed that the increase in hepcidin with exercise may be driven by a response in males but not females. CONCLUSIONS A prolonged bout of running increases hepcidin and decreases dietary iron absorption compared with rest in trained runners with low iron stores. The current study supports that IL-6 contributes to the increase in hepcidin with prolonged physical activity, although future studies should explore potential sex differences in the hepcidin response.This trial was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04079322.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Barney
- Department of Nutrition & Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - James R Ippolito
- Department of Nutrition & Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Claire E Berryman
- Department of Nutrition & Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Stephen R Hennigar
- Department of Nutrition & Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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50
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Chen M, Li X, Du B, Chen S, Li Y. Upstream stimulatory factor 2 inhibits erastin-induced ferroptosis in pancreatic cancer through transcriptional regulation of pyruvate kinase M2. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 205:115255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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