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Abo El-Ela FI, Gamal A, El-Banna HA, Ibrahim MA, El-Banna AH, Abdel-Razik ARH, Abdel-Wahab A, Hassan WH, Abdelghany AK. Repro-protective activity of amygdalin and spirulina platensis in niosomes and conventional forms against aluminum chloride-induced testicular challenge in adult rats: role of CYP11A1, StAR, and HSD-3B expressions. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:3211-3226. [PMID: 37910183 PMCID: PMC11074051 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02788-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The male reproductive system is negatively influenced by Al exposure. Al represented a considerable hazard to men's reproduction capabilities. Amygdalin (AMG) and spirulina platensis (SP) have been considered to have a strong antioxidant and repro-protective activity; also, targeted drug delivery systems called niosomes improve the distribution of water-soluble medications like amygdalin and spirulina. Current study targeted to determine the effectiveness of AMG and SP against negative reproductive impact resulted by aluminum chloride (AlCl3) toxicity. Sixty adult male albino rats were separated into 6 groups, including the control group, which received distilled water; AlCl3 group, which received AlCl3; AMG+AlCl3 group, which received AlCl3+AMG; AMGLN+AlCl3 group, which received AlCl3+amygdalin-loaded niosomes; SP+AlCl3 group, which received AlCl3+SP; and SPLN+AlCl3 group, which received AlCl3+spirulina-loaded niosomes. All treatments were orally gavaged daily for 5 weeks, and rats were weighed weekly. At the termination of the experiment, some males (three from each group) were used for fertility traits via mating thirty virgin rat females (in a ratio of 1:2 and 2:3 male:female, respectively) followed by recording of birth weights and litter size (number of pups per each female) at birth to assess males' reproductive capability. Other males were euthanized for collection of serum, epididymal semen samples, and tissue samples for biochemical, sperm evaluation, gene expression, and histopathological measurements. There are a considerable number of negative impacts of AlCl3 on male fertility clarified by declined serum testosterone levels; an increased oxidative stress (MDA, TAC); deteriorated semen quality; down-regulation of CYP11A1, StAR, and HSD-3b gene expressions; and testicular tissue degenerative changes. In addition, litter size (number of pups per each female) and birth weights of pups obtained from mated females were affected. AMG and SP treatments, either in niosomal or conventional form, alleviated the AlCl3 negative effects by reducing oxidative stress; increasing testosterone levels; improving semen quality; upregulating of CYP11A1, StAR, and HSD-3b gene expressions; and reducing degenerative changes of testicular tissue. Besides, negative reproductive effect was diminished as observed by changes in the litter size (number of pups per each female) and birth weights of pups obtained from mated females. AMG and SP treatments (either in niosomal or conventional form), ameliorated the AlCl3 negative effects as they possess powerful antioxidant activity, as well as they have the ability to improve the reproductive activity of affected males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma I Abo El-Ela
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt.
| | - Amr Gamal
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | | | - Marwa A Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H El-Banna
- Michael Sayegh Faculty of Pharmacy, Aqaba University of Technology, Aqaba, Jordan
| | - Abdel-Razik H Abdel-Razik
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Walid Hamdy Hassan
- Department of Microbiology Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Asmaa K Abdelghany
- Animal and Poultry Management and Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
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Finelli R, Leisegang K, Kandil H, Agarwal A. Oxidative Stress: A Comprehensive Review of Biochemical, Molecular, and Genetic Aspects in the Pathogenesis and Management of Varicocele. World J Mens Health 2021; 40:87-103. [PMID: 34666421 PMCID: PMC8761243 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.210153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a condition due to an imbalance between the concentrations of oxidants and antioxidants, and it is a well-recognized contributor in several male infertility conditions. Varicocele, a common vascular condition, may cause male infertility due to hyperthermia, hypoxia and/or exposure to toxic adrenal and renal metabolites. In this review, the mechanisms by which oxidative stress can affect cellular integrity and functions are described, along with molecular markers of cellular oxidative damage, and the most commonly performed techniques for their detection in seminal fluid. Moreover, we focus on the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of varicocele based on recently published evidence from omics based studies, such as proteomics and genomics. Finally, we discuss strategies for the management of oxidative stress and the clinical guidelines for testing oxidative stress-related sperm DNA fragmentation in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Finelli
- Department of Urology, American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kristian Leisegang
- School of Natural Medicine, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hussein Kandil
- Fakih IVF Fertility Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- Department of Urology, American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Dave P, Farber N, Vij S. Conventional semen analysis and advanced sperm function tests in diagnosis and management of varicocele. Andrologia 2020; 53:e13629. [PMID: 32369238 DOI: 10.1111/and.13629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical varicoceles are a common cause of male infertility and affect sperm parameters as measured in a conventional semen analysis. Varicocelectomy has been shown in prospective studies to improve semen parameters in men with a clinical varicocele. Clinical varicoceles are also a well-known source of oxidative stress which may affect the quality of spermatozoa. Spermatozoa are particularly susceptible to oxidative stress due to a limited capacity for DNA repair. The susceptibility of spermatozoa to oxidative stress is modulated by a balance between ROS and antioxidants, which can be quantified by various laboratory assays. Varicocelectomy has been consistently shown to reduce both ROS and sperm DNA fragmentation, and various assays should be utilised in the diagnosis and treatment of infertile men with a clinical varicocele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Dave
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Nicholas Farber
- Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sarah Vij
- Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Assessment of rabbit spermatozoa characteristics after amygdalin and apricot seeds exposure in vivo. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:679-686. [PMID: 30003046 PMCID: PMC6041356 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabbit spermatozoa parameters after amygdalin and apricot seeds exposure. Evaluation of spermatozoa motility by the CASA system. Decrease of spermatozoa motility after intramuscular AMG application. Oral consumption of apricot seeds had no effect on the spermatozoa motility. Our data suggest the potential impact of AMG and apricot seeds on male reproduction.
This study evaluates rabbit spermatozoa motility parameters after in vivo administration of amygdalin and apricot seeds during a 28-day period. Apricot seeds are potentially useful in human nutrition and amygdalin is the major cyanogenic glycoside present therein. The rabbits were randomly divided into the five groups (Ctrl-Control, P1, P2, P3, P4) with 4 males in each group. Control group received no amygdalin/apricot seeds while the experimental groups P1 and P2 received a daily intramuscular injection of amygdalin at a dose 0.6 and 3.0 mg/kg b.w. respectively during 28 days. P3 and P4 received a daily dose 60 and 300 mg/kg b.w. of crushed apricot seeds mixed with feed during 28 days, respectively. CASA system was used to evaluate for motility, progressive motility, curvilinear velocity, amplitude of lateral head displacement and beat cross frequency. Intramuscular application of amygdalin resulted in a significant time- and dose-dependent decrease of spermatozoa motility as well as progressive motility. On the other hand, oral consumption of apricot seeds had no significant effect either on the rabbit spermatozoa motility or progressive motility over the entire course of the study. The analysis of the other motion characteristics revealed a similar trend depicting a continuous, time- and dose-dependent decrease of all parameters following intramuscular AMG administration, with significant differences particularly for the dose 3.0 mg AMG/kg b.w. On the other hand, oral administration of apricot seeds had no significant impact on spermatozoa motility parameters. The present study suggests that short-term intramuscular application of amygdalin decreased rabbit spermatozoa motility in vivo. Whereas, consumption of apricot seeds did not induce any change in rabbit spermatozoa in vivo. Our findings suggest dose-dependent negative effect of pure amygdalin, but not apricot seeds on the rabbit spermatozoa parameters.
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Nistal M, Paniagua R, González-Peramato P, Reyes-Múgica M. Perspectives in Pediatric Pathology, Chapter 20. Adolescent Varicocele. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2017; 19:360-370. [PMID: 25105427 DOI: 10.2350/14-06-1515-pb.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Varicocele is characterized by elongation, dilatation, and tortuosity of the veins draining the testis and its covers, causing circulatory reflux along the inner spermatic vein [ 1 ]. Varicocele results in progressive testicular lesions and, if untreated, can lead to testicular atrophy [ 2 ]. Varicocele is considered the most frequently identified cause of male infertility [ 3 ]. The mechanisms involved in varicocele formation are not well known and probably are multiple, differing from one patient to another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Nistal
- 1 Department of Pathology, Hospital La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo No. 2, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Ricardo Paniagua
- 2 Department of Cell Biology, Universidad de Alcala, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar González-Peramato
- 1 Department of Pathology, Hospital La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo No. 2, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Miguel Reyes-Múgica
- 3 Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, One Children's Hospital Drive, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
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Pathak P, Chandrashekar A, Hakky TS, Pastuszak AW. Varicocele management in the era of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Asian J Androl 2017; 18:343-8. [PMID: 27030086 PMCID: PMC4854076 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.178482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Varicocele is the most common surgically treatable cause of male infertility, and often results in alterations in semen parameters, sperm DNA damage, and changes to the seminal milieu. Varicocele repair can result in improvement in these parameters in the majority of men with clinical varicocele; data supporting repair in men with subclinical varicocele are less definitive. In couples seeking fertility using assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs), varicocele repair may offer improvement in semen parameters and sperm health that can increase the likelihood of successful fertilization using techniques such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), or may decrease the level of ART needed to achieve successful pregnancy. Male infertility is an indicator of general male health, and evaluation of the infertile male with an eye toward future health can facilitate optimal screening and treatment of these men. Furthermore, varicocele may represent a progressive lesion, offering an argument for its repair, although this is currently unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alexander W Pastuszak
- Scott Department of Urology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Abstract
Testicular varicocele, a dilation of the veins of the pampiniform plexus thought to increase testicular temperature via venous congestion, is commonly associated with male infertility. Significant study has clarified the negative impact of varicocele on semen parameters and more recent work has shed light on its detrimental effects on the molecular and ultrastructural features of sperm and the testicular microenvironment, as well as more clearly defined the positive impacts of treatment on couples’ fertility. The relationship between varicocele and testicular endocrine function, while known for some time based on histologic evaluation, has become more apparent in the clinical setting with a growing link between varicocele and hypogonadism. Finally, in the pediatric setting, while future study will clarify the impact of varicocele on fertility and testicular function, recent work supports a parallel effect of varicocele in adolescents and adults, suggesting a re-evaluation of current treatment approaches in light of the progressive nature of the condition and potential increased risk of future disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Pastuszak
- Center for Reproductive Medicine; Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Abstract
Varicoceles are associated with testicular atrophy and abnormal spermatogenesis. Varicocele-related testicular damage is thought to be progressive in nature. Adult varicoceles are common in men with infertility, and varicocele repair in this population has demonstrated improved semen parameters and paternity outcomes. However, without solid objective endpoints (reproducible semen analyses, paternity), the indications for adolescent varicocele repair remain controversial. Given the controversy surrounding adolescent varicocele management, it is not surprising that surveys of pediatric urologists have revealed a lack of consensus on diagnostic approaches, treatment decisions, and operative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica T Casey
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Riley Hospital for Children, 705 Riley Hospital Drive, Suite 4230, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Rosalia Misseri
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Riley Hospital for Children, 705 Riley Hospital Drive, Suite 4230, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Moazzam A, Sharma R, Agarwal A. Relationship of spermatozoal DNA fragmentation with semen quality in varicocele-positive men. Andrologia 2014; 47:935-44. [PMID: 25346327 DOI: 10.1111/and.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the semen quality and levels of spermatozoal nuclear DNA fragmentation in subfertile subjects clinically diagnosed with varicocele, subfertile subjects without varicocele and healthy fertile controls. Semen samples were obtained from 302 subjects. Of them, 115 were healthy fertile controls having normal semen characteristics, 121 subfertile men diagnosed with varicocele, both, clinically and on ultrasonography, while 66 subjects were subfertile with no varicocele. Spermatozoal concentration, percentage motility, morphology and DNA fragmentation were measured. In the study population, deterioration in semen quality-decreased spermatozoal concentration, percentage motility and normal morphology was seen in subfertile subjects, especially with varicocele. Highest spermatozoal DNA fragmentation was observed in varicocele-positive subjects as compared with varicocele-negative subjects and healthy fertile controls. Significant negative correlation was seen between spermatozoal DNA fragmentation and concentration (r = -0.310), motility (r = -0.328) normal morphology, WHO method (r = -0.221) and Tygerberg strict criteria (r = -0.180) in the varicocele-positive subfertile subjects. In conclusion, this study suggests existence of a negative relationship between spermatozoal DNA fragmentation and semen quality in varicocele-positive subfertile subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Moazzam
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - R Sharma
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - A Agarwal
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Sheehan MM, Ramasamy R, Lamb DJ. Molecular mechanisms involved in varicocele-associated infertility. J Assist Reprod Genet 2014; 31:521-6. [PMID: 24643631 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-014-0200-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Varicocele is a pathologic enlargement of the pampiniform venous plexus within the spermatic cord, a condition that is a common cause of impaired sperm production and decreased quality of sperm. While varicocele is the most common surgically correctable risk factor for male infertility, not all males with varicocele experience infertility. In fact, most men with varicocele have normal spermatogenesis. Despite its prevalence, the molecular mechanisms of varicocele and its effect on testicular function are yet to be completely understood. We postulate that men with varicocele-associated infertility could have preexisting genetic lesions or defects in molecular mechanisms that make them more susceptible to varicocele-mediated testicular injury affecting spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Sheehan
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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Liu WL, Chen YA, Lai YW, Hsueh TY, Chen SS, Chiu AW. Nationwide survey to evaluate the characteristics of medical utilization in patients with varicocele in Taiwan. UROLOGICAL SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urols.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Chen SS. Factors predicting symptomatic relief by varicocelectomy in patients with normospermia and painful varicocele nonresponsive to conservative treatment. Urology 2012; 80:585-9. [PMID: 22784493 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the factors predicting symptomatic relief by varicocelectomy in patients with normospermia and painful varicocele nonresponsive to conservative treatment. METHODS A total of 76 men with left painful varicocele and normal semen quality were recruited for the present prospective study. The patients who showed complete or partial resolution of pain 6 months after varicocelectomy were designated as responders, and those who did not have improvement were designated as nonresponders. The predictive factors examined included the number of ligated veins, preoperative pain score, duration of pain, body mass index, scrotal temperature, the distance from the renal hilum to the scrotum, the serum concentration of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone, grade of varicocele, peak retrograde flow, and maximal vein diameter on color Doppler ultrasound scans. RESULTS Of the 76 patients, 55 (72.4%) were responders and 21 (27.6%) were nonresponders, with a mean age of 31.8 and 32.4 years, respectively. The responders had a significantly greater number of ligated veins, preoperative pain score, and longer duration of pain than the nonresponders. No significant differences were found in body mass index, scrotal temperature, distance from the renal hilum to the scrotum, peak retrograde flow, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, and maximal vein diameter between the responders and nonresponders. CONCLUSION The findings of the present study suggest that the factors predicting symptomatic relief by varicocelectomy in patients with normospermia and painful varicocele nonresponsive to conservative treatment are a greater number of ligated veins (>7), greater preoperative pain score (>6), and longer duration of pain (>9 months).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiou-Sheng Chen
- Department of Urology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Wang YJ, Zhang RQ, Lin YJ, Zhang RG, Zhang WL. Relationship between varicocele and sperm DNA damage and the effect of varicocele repair: a meta-analysis. Reprod Biomed Online 2012; 25:307-14. [PMID: 22809864 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Varicocele, a cause of male infertility, occurs in nearly 40% of infertile males. It has been postulated that varicoceles may cause sperm DNA damage. Sperm DNA integrity has been recognized as one of the important determinants of normal fertilization and embryo growth in natural and assisted conception. Eighty-three human studies were identified after an extensive literature search involving the role of varicoceles in sperm DNA damage. Of the 83 studies, 12 were selected that measured similar types of reactive sperm DNA damage. Seven studies determined the damage of sperm DNA in varicocele-associated patients and six studies evaluated the efficacy of varicocelectomy. One study was a duplicate because both outcomes were included. Data were analysed using RevMan software. The overall estimate showed that patients with varicoceles have significantly higher sperm DNA damage than controls, with a mean difference of 9.84% (95% CI 9.19 to 10.49; P<0.00001). A varicocelectomy can improve sperm DNA integrity, with a mean difference of -3.37% (95% CI -4.09 to -2.65; P<0.00001). In conclusion, there is increased sperm DNA damage in patients with varicoceles and varicocelectomy may be a possible treatment; however, more studies with appropriate controls are needed to confirm this finding. A varicocele is an important cause of male infertility and occurs in nearly 40% of infertile males. The recent understanding of the effect of varicoceles in male reproduction has led some researchers to postulate varicoceles as the possible cause of sperm DNA damage. Eighty-three human studies were identified after an extensive literature search involving the role of varicoceles in sperm DNA damage. Of the 83 studies, 12 were selected that measured similar types of reactive sperm DNA damage by a similar method. Seven studies determined the damage of sperm DNA in varicocele-associated patients and six studies evaluated the efficacy of varicocelectomy. One study was a duplicate because both outcomes were included. The data were then entered in the RevMan software for analysis. The overall estimate showed that patients with varicoceles have significantly higher sperm DNA damage than controls, with a mean difference of 9.84% (95% CI 9.19 to 10.49; P<0.00001). A varicocelectomy can improve sperm DNA integrity, with a mean difference of -3.37% (95% CI -4.09 to -2.65; P<0.00001). Based on the results, it can be concluded that there is increased sperm DNA damage in patients with varicoceles and that varicocelectomy may be a possible treatment; however, more studies with appropriate controls are needed to confirm this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jun Wang
- Department of Urologic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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14
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Chen LK, Chen SS. Risk factors for developing pain in normospermic patients with varicocoele. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 35:176-80. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2011.01215.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Saleh RA, Agarwal A, Sharma RK, Said TM, Sikka SC, Thomas AJ. Evaluation of nuclear DNA damage in spermatozoa from infertile men with varicocele. Fertil Steril 2004; 80:1431-6. [PMID: 14667879 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(03)02211-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine levels of sperm DNA damage and oxidative stress (OS) in infertile men with varicocele. DESIGN Prospective controlled study. SETTING Male infertility clinic, Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio. PATIENT(S) Thirty-one infertility patients and 16 fertile controls. INTERVENTION(S) Sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI), levels of seminal reactive oxygen species (ROS), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were assessed using the sperm chromatin structure assay, chemiluminescence assay, and enhanced chemiluminescence assay, respectively. ROS-TAC score was calculated as a measure of OS. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Median (interquartile range) DFI and ROS-TAC scores. RESULT(S) Sixteen of the 31 patients had left varicocele [grade I (n = 3), grade II (n = 10), and grade III(n = 3)], and the remaining 15 had normal genital examination. Patients with varicoceles had significantly higher percent DFI than controls (25%, range: 20%-35%; vs. 15%, range: 10%-22%). Patients with varicoceles had significantly lower ROS-TAC scores (21, range: 9.5-31) than the infertile patients with normal genital examination (34, range: 28-42) or the controls (40.3, range: 38-44). CONCLUSION(S) Infertile men with varicoceles showed significantly increased spermatozoal DNA damage that appears to be related to high levels of OS in semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramadan A Saleh
- Center for Advanced Research in Human Reproduction, Infertility, and Sexual Function, Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
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Abstract
Although significant advances have been made in the understanding of varicoceles, a clear pathophysiologic mechanism remains elusive. Most likely, a varicocele is the result of a multifactorial process. Appreciation of the complex venous drainage of the testis remains a key to maximizing the chances for treatment success. Likewise, the advent of microsurgical repair has minimized complications. Fortunately, times have improved since the early nineteenth century, when the French surgeon Delpech (1772-1832) was killed by a disgruntled patient on whom he had performed a varicocele repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Fretz
- Department of Urology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, 3 RCP, Iowa City, IA 52242-1089, USA
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Kato O, Fukuda Y, Hayakawa T, Izuta S, Yoshida S. Serum DNA polymerase beta as an indicator for fatal liver injury of rat induced by D-galactosamine hydrochloride and lipopolysaccharide. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1998; 1380:369-76. [PMID: 9555097 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(98)00008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
DNA polymerase beta (pol beta) is a nuclear enzyme that is tightly bound to chromatin. Release of the pol beta activity into serum, therefore, may indicate the occurrence of massive destruction of cell nuclei in organs or tissues. In the present study, we made a liver injury model rat by the intraperitoneal injection of D-galactosamine hydrochloride (GalN, 500 mg/kg) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 microg/kg). Serum from the GalN/LPS-treated rats showed a high level of pol beta activity up to 118 pmol/0.5 microl serum (4700 cpm) at 12 h after the treatment, while the control rat serum showed the back ground level (3.8 pmol/0. 5 microl, 150+/-70 cpm). The serum pol beta activity was sensitive to inhibition by 2',3'-dideoxyTTP and by an anti-rat pol beta antibody. Among 30 rats treated with GalN/LPS, 10 rats died within 120 h (dead group). Serum pol beta activity in the dead group was as high as 23.0+/-19.5 pmol/0.5 microl (925+/-778 cpm) at 10 h after the treatment, while in alive group (n=20), it was 3.7+/-3.2 pmol. Levels of the serum pol beta activity correlated well with the prognosis of GalN/LPS-treated rats based on an analysis of the receiver-operator characteristic curves.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Kato
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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Skoog SJ, Roberts KP, Goldstein M, Pryor JL. The adolescent varicocele: what's new with an old problem in young patients? Pediatrics 1997; 100:112-21. [PMID: 9200369 DOI: 10.1542/peds.100.1.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S J Skoog
- Department of Urology, Oregon Health Sciences Center, USA
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Iwamoto T, Fujisawa M, Tanaka H, Okada H, Arakawa S, Kamidono S. Image Cytometry for Quantitative Analysis of DNA in the Testes of Infertile Men With Varicocele: Comparison with Flow Cytometry. J Urol 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(01)64783-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Iwamoto
- From the Department of Urology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masato Fujisawa
- From the Department of Urology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tanaka
- From the Department of Urology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okada
- From the Department of Urology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Soichi Arakawa
- From the Department of Urology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Sadao Kamidono
- From the Department of Urology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Ishihara H, Tamiya-Koizumi K, Kuriki H, Yoshida S, Kojima K. Growth-associated changes in fatty acid compositions of nuclear phospholipids of liver cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1991; 1084:53-9. [PMID: 2054377 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(91)90055-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
To know the possible relationships between nuclear phospholipids and cell proliferation, we have extensively analyzed phospholipids extracted from the nuclei of rat hepatic cells at various growth states. The content of phospholipid in nuclei as well as its composition was similar among liver cells tested, i.e., the regenerating rat livers (28 h, post-hepatectomy), sham-operated or non-treated control livers, and rat ascites hepatoma, AH7974 cells. In contrast, the fatty acid compositions of phospholipids differed from each other among these cells. At the 2-position of phospholipids in the regenerating liver nuclei at 28 h after partial hepatectomy, 18:1 (oleic acid) increased transiently at the expense of 20:4 (arachidonic acid) and 22:6 (docosahexaenoic acid), compared with those in the sham-operated control nuclei. This change in fatty acid composition was commonly observed throughout all phospholipids analyzed, i.e., phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylserine (PS). On the other hand, the change at 1-position was rather limited: in the regenerating liver nuclei (28 h), 18:1 increased only in PC at the expense of 18:0 (stearic acid). The similar and more marked deviation at the 2-position was observed with AH7974 nuclei it contained approximately 2-times more of 18:1 in PC, PE and PI than regenerating liver nuclei (28 h), and the decreased levels of 20:4 and/or 22:6. It should be noted that there were significant differences in the fatty acid compositions of PE and PS between sham-operated and non-treated controls. So, the sham-operated rat is the appropriate control for proliferation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ishihara
- Laboratory of Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
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