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Rossmanith W, Giegé P, Hartmann RK. Discovery, structure, mechanisms, and evolution of protein-only RNase P enzymes. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105731. [PMID: 38336295 PMCID: PMC10941002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The endoribonuclease RNase P is responsible for tRNA 5' maturation in all domains of life. A unique feature of RNase P is the variety of enzyme architectures, ranging from dual- to multi-subunit ribonucleoprotein forms with catalytic RNA subunits to protein-only enzymes, the latter occurring as single- or multi-subunit forms or homo-oligomeric assemblies. The protein-only enzymes evolved twice: a eukaryal protein-only RNase P termed PRORP and a bacterial/archaeal variant termed homolog of Aquifex RNase P (HARP); the latter replaced the RNA-based enzyme in a small group of thermophilic bacteria but otherwise coexists with the ribonucleoprotein enzyme in a few other bacteria as well as in those archaea that also encode a HARP. Here we summarize the history of the discovery of protein-only RNase P enzymes and review the state of knowledge on structure and function of bacterial HARPs and eukaryal PRORPs, including human mitochondrial RNase P as a paradigm of multi-subunit PRORPs. We also describe the phylogenetic distribution and evolution of PRORPs, as well as possible reasons for the spread of PRORPs in the eukaryal tree and for the recruitment of two additional protein subunits to metazoan mitochondrial PRORP. We outline potential applications of PRORPs in plant biotechnology and address diseases associated with mutations in human mitochondrial RNase P genes. Finally, we consider possible causes underlying the displacement of the ancient RNA enzyme by a protein-only enzyme in a small group of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Rossmanith
- Center for Anatomy & Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Philippe Giegé
- Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, IBMP-CNRS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Roland K Hartmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
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2
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Ando N, Barquera B, Bartlett DH, Boyd E, Burnim AA, Byer AS, Colman D, Gillilan RE, Gruebele M, Makhatadze G, Royer CA, Shock E, Wand AJ, Watkins MB. The Molecular Basis for Life in Extreme Environments. Annu Rev Biophys 2021; 50:343-372. [PMID: 33637008 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-100120-072804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sampling and genomic efforts over the past decade have revealed an enormous quantity and diversity of life in Earth's extreme environments. This new knowledge of life on Earth poses the challenge of understandingits molecular basis in such inhospitable conditions, given that such conditions lead to loss of structure and of function in biomolecules from mesophiles. In this review, we discuss the physicochemical properties of extreme environments. We present the state of recent progress in extreme environmental genomics. We then present an overview of our current understanding of the biomolecular adaptation to extreme conditions. As our current and future understanding of biomolecular structure-function relationships in extremophiles requires methodologies adapted to extremes of pressure, temperature, and chemical composition, advances in instrumentation for probing biophysical properties under extreme conditions are presented. Finally, we briefly discuss possible future directions in extreme biophysics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Ando
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Blanca Barquera
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA;
| | - Douglas H Bartlett
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0202, USA
| | - Eric Boyd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
| | - Audrey A Burnim
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Amanda S Byer
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Daniel Colman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
| | - Richard E Gillilan
- Center for High Energy X-ray Sciences (CHEXS), Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Martin Gruebele
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA.,Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - George Makhatadze
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA;
| | - Catherine A Royer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA;
| | - Everett Shock
- GEOPIG, School of Earth & Space Exploration, School of Molecular Sciences, Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - A Joshua Wand
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, USA.,Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, USA
| | - Maxwell B Watkins
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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3
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Kimura M. Structural basis for activation of an archaeal ribonuclease P RNA by protein cofactors. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:1670-1680. [PMID: 28715256 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1353404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ribonuclease P (RNase P) is an endoribonuclease that catalyzes the processing of the 5'-leader sequence of precursor tRNA (pre-tRNA) in all phylogenetic domains. We have found that RNase P in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3 consists of RNase P RNA (PhopRNA) and five protein cofactors designated PhoPop5, PhoRpp21, PhoRpp29, PhoRpp30, and PhoRpp38. Biochemical characterizations over the past 10 years have revealed that PhoPop5 and PhoRpp30 fold into a heterotetramer and cooperate to activate a catalytic domain (C-domain) in PhopRNA, whereas PhoRpp21 and PhoRpp29 form a heterodimer and function together to activate a specificity domain (S-domain) in PhopRNA. PhoRpp38 plays a role in elevation of the optimum temperature of RNase P activity, binding to kink-turn (K-turn) motifs in two stem-loops in PhopRNA. This review describes the structural and functional information on P. horikoshii RNase P, focusing on the structural basis for the PhopRNA activation by the five RNase P proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kimura
- a Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School , Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan
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4
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Hernandez-Cid A, Aguirre-Sampieri S, Diaz-Vilchis A, Torres-Larios A. Ribonucleases P/MRP and the expanding ribonucleoprotein world. IUBMB Life 2012; 64:521-8. [PMID: 22605678 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of life is the widespread use of certain essential ribozymes. The ubiquitous ribonuclease P (RNase P) and eukaryotic RNase MRP are essential complexes where a structured, noncoding RNA acts in catalysis. Recent discoveries have elucidated the three-dimensional structure of the ancestral ribonucleoprotein complex, suggested the possibility of a protein-only composition in organelles, and even noted the absence of RNase P in a non-free-living organism. With respect to these last two findings, import mechanisms for RNases P/MRP into mitochondria have been demonstrated, and RNase P is present in organisms with some of the smallest known genomes. Together, these results have led to an ongoing debate regarding the precise definition of how "essential" these ribozymes truly are.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Hernandez-Cid
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
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5
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Abstract
RNase P RNA is an ancient, nearly universal feature of life. As part of the ribonucleoprotein RNase P complex, the RNA component catalyzes essential removal of 5' leaders in pre-tRNAs. In 2004, Li and Altman computationally identified the RNase P RNA gene in all but three sequenced microbes: Nanoarchaeum equitans, Pyrobaculum aerophilum, and Aquifex aeolicus (all hyperthermophiles) [Li Y, Altman S (2004) RNA 10:1533-1540]. A recent study concluded that N. equitans does not have or require RNase P activity because it lacks 5' tRNA leaders. The "missing" RNase P RNAs in the other two species is perplexing given evidence or predictions that tRNAs are trimmed in both, prompting speculation that they may have developed novel alternatives to 5' pre-tRNA processing. Using comparative genomics and improved computational methods, we have now identified a radically minimized form of the RNase P RNA in five Pyrobaculum species and the related crenarchaea Caldivirga maquilingensis and Vulcanisaeta distributa, all retaining a conventional catalytic domain, but lacking a recognizable specificity domain. We confirmed 5' tRNA processing activity by high-throughput RNA sequencing and in vitro biochemical assays. The Pyrobaculum and Caldivirga RNase P RNAs are the smallest naturally occurring form yet discovered to function as trans-acting precursor tRNA-processing ribozymes. Loss of the specificity domain in these RNAs suggests altered substrate specificity and could be a useful model for finding other potential roles of RNase P. This study illustrates an effective combination of next-generation RNA sequencing, computational genomics, and biochemistry to identify a divergent, formerly undetectable variant of an essential noncoding RNA gene.
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6
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Evguenieva‐Hackenberg E, Klug G. Chapter 7 RNA Degradation in Archaea and Gram‐Negative Bacteria Different from Escherichia coli. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2009; 85:275-317. [DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)00807-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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7
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Abstract
Ribonuclease P (RNase P) is an ancient and essential endonuclease that catalyses the cleavage of the 5' leader sequence from precursor tRNAs (pre-tRNAs). The enzyme is one of only two ribozymes which can be found in all kingdoms of life (Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya). Most forms of RNase P are ribonucleoproteins; the bacterial enzyme possesses a single catalytic RNA and one small protein. However, in archaea and eukarya the enzyme has evolved an increasingly more complex protein composition, whilst retaining a structurally related RNA subunit. The reasons for this additional complexity are not currently understood. Furthermore, the eukaryotic RNase P has evolved into several different enzymes including a nuclear activity, organellar activities, and the evolution of a distinct but closely related enzyme, RNase MRP, which has different substrate specificities, primarily involved in ribosomal RNA biogenesis. Here we examine the relationship between the bacterial and archaeal RNase P with the eukaryotic enzyme, and summarize recent progress in characterizing the archaeal enzyme. We review current information regarding the nuclear RNase P and RNase MRP enzymes in the eukaryotes, focusing on the relationship between these enzymes by examining their composition, structure and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Walker
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0606, USA
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8
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Fukuhara H, Kifusa M, Watanabe M, Terada A, Honda T, Numata T, Kakuta Y, Kimura M. A fifth protein subunit Ph1496p elevates the optimum temperature for the ribonuclease P activity from Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 343:956-64. [PMID: 16574071 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.02.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2006] [Accepted: 02/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ribonuclease P (RNase P) is a ribonucleoprotein complex involved in the processing of the 5' leader sequence of precursor tRNA. We previously found that the reconstituted particle (RP) composed of RNase P RNA and four proteins (Ph1481p, Ph1601p, Ph1771p, and Ph1877p) in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3 exhibited the RNase P activity, but had a lower optimal temperature (around at 55 degrees C), as compared with 70 degrees C of the authentic RNase P from P. horikoshii [Kouzuma et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 306 (2003) 666-673]. In the present study, we found that addition of a fifth protein Ph1496p, a putative ribosomal protein L7Ae, to RP specifically elevated the optimum temperature to about 70 degrees C comparable to that of the authentic RNase P. Characterization using gel shift assay and chemical probing localized Ph1496p binding sites on two stem-loop structures encompassing nucleotides A116-G201 and G229-C276 in P. horikoshii RNase P RNA. Moreover, the crystal structure of Ph1496p was determined at 2.0 A resolution by the molecular replacement method using ribosomal protein L7Ae from Haloarcula marismortui as a search model. Ph1496p comprises five alpha-helices and a four stranded beta-sheet. The beta-sheet is sandwiched by three helices (alpha1, alpha4, and alpha5) at one side and two helices (alpha2 and alpha3) at other side. The archaeal ribosomal protein L7Ae is known to be a triple functional protein, serving as a protein component in ribosome and ribonucleoprotein complexes, box C/D, and box H/ACA. Although we have at present no direct evidence that Ph1496p is a real protein component in the P. horikoshii RNase P, the present result may assign an RNase P protein to L7Ae as a fourth function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Fukuhara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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9
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Numata T, Ishimatsu I, Kakuta Y, Tanaka I, Kimura M. Crystal structure of archaeal ribonuclease P protein Ph1771p from Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3: an archaeal homolog of eukaryotic ribonuclease P protein Rpp29. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2004; 10:1423-32. [PMID: 15317976 PMCID: PMC1370628 DOI: 10.1261/rna.7560904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2004] [Accepted: 06/01/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ribonuclease P (RNase P) is the endonuclease responsible for the removal of 5' leader sequences from tRNA precursors. The crystal structure of an archaeal RNase P protein, Ph1771p (residues 36-127) from hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3 was determined at 2.0 A resolution by X-ray crystallography. The structure is composed of four helices (alpha1-alpha4) and a six-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet (beta1-beta6) with a protruding beta-strand (beta7) at the C-terminal region. The strand beta7 forms an antiparallel beta-sheet by interacting with strand beta4 in a symmetry-related molecule, suggesting that strands beta4 and beta7 could be involved in protein-protein interactions with other RNase P proteins. Structural comparison showed that the beta-barrel structure of Ph1771p has a topological resemblance to those of Staphylococcus aureus translational regulator Hfq and Haloarcula marismortui ribosomal protein L21E, suggesting that these RNA binding proteins have a common ancestor and then diverged to specifically bind to their cognate RNAs. The structure analysis as well as structural comparison suggested two possible RNA binding sites in Ph1771p, one being a concave surface formed by terminal alpha-helices (alpha1-alpha4) and beta-strand beta6, where positively charged residues are clustered. A second possible RNA binding site is at a loop region connecting strands beta2 and beta3, where conserved hydrophilic residues are exposed to the solvent and interact specifically with sulfate ion. These two potential sites for RNA binding are located in close proximity. The crystal structure of Ph1771p provides insight into the structure and function relationships of archaeal and eukaryotic RNase P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Numata
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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10
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Takagi H, Watanabe M, Kakuta Y, Kamachi R, Numata T, Tanaka I, Kimura M. Crystal structure of the ribonuclease P protein Ph1877p from hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 319:787-94. [PMID: 15184052 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ribonuclease P (RNase P) is a ribonucleoprotein complex involved in the processing of pre-tRNA. Protein Ph1877p is one of essential components of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3 RNase P [Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 306 (2003) 666]. The crystal structure of Ph1877p was determined at 1.8A by X-ray crystallography and refined to a crystallographic R factor of 22.96% (Rfree of 26.77%). Ph1877p forms a TIM barrel structure, consisting of ten alpha-helices and seven beta-strands, and has the closest similarity to the TIM barrel domain of Escherichia coli cytosine deaminase with a root-mean square deviation of 3.0A. The protein Ph1877p forms an oblate ellipsoid, approximate dimensions being 45Ax43Ax39A, and the electrostatic representation indicated the presence of several clusters of positively charged amino acids present on the molecular surface. We made use of site-directed mutagenesis to assess the role of twelve charged amino acids, Lys42, Arg68, Arg87, Arg90, Asp98, Arg107, His114, Lys123, Lys158, Arg176, Asp180, and Lys196 related to the RNase P activity. Individual mutations of Arg90, Arg107, Lys123, Arg176, and Lys196 by Ala resulted in reconstituted particles with reduced enzymatic activities (32-48%) as compared with that reconstituted RNase P by wild-type Ph1877p. The results presented here provide an initial step for definite understanding of how archaeal and eukaryotic RNase Ps mediate substrate recognition and process 5'-leader sequence of pre-tRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisanori Takagi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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11
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Seif ER, Forget L, Martin NC, Lang BF. Mitochondrial RNase P RNAs in ascomycete fungi: lineage-specific variations in RNA secondary structure. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2003; 9:1073-83. [PMID: 12923256 PMCID: PMC1370472 DOI: 10.1261/rna.5880403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2003] [Accepted: 06/18/2003] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The RNA subunit of mitochondrial RNase P (mtP-RNA) is encoded by a mitochondrial gene (rnpB) in several ascomycete fungi and in the protists Reclinomonas americana and Nephroselmis olivacea. By searching for universally conserved structural elements, we have identified previously unknown rnpB genes in the mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) of two fission yeasts, Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Schizosaccharomyces octosporus; in the budding yeast Pichia canadensis; and in the archiascomycete Taphrina deformans. The expression of mtP-RNAs of the predicted size was experimentally confirmed in the two fission yeasts, and their precise 5' and 3' ends were determined by sequencing of cDNAs generated from circularized mtP-RNAs. Comparative RNA secondary structure modeling shows that in contrast to mtP-RNAs of the two protists R. americana and N. olivacea, those of ascomycete fungi all have highly reduced secondary structures. In certain budding yeasts, such as Saccharomycopsis fibuligera, we find only the two most conserved pairings, P1 and P4. A P18 pairing is conserved in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its close relatives, whereas nearly half of the minimum bacterial consensus structure is retained in the RNAs of fission yeasts, Aspergillus nidulans and Taphrina deformans. The evolutionary implications of the reduction of mtP-RNA structures in ascomycetes will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias R Seif
- Program in Evolutionary Biology, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Département de Biochimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
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12
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Kouzuma Y, Mizoguchi M, Takagi H, Fukuhara H, Tsukamoto M, Numata T, Kimura M. Reconstitution of archaeal ribonuclease P from RNA and four protein components. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 306:666-73. [PMID: 12810070 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(03)01034-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ribonuclease P (RNase P) is an endonuclease responsible for generating the 5(') end of matured tRNA molecules. A homology search of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3 genome database revealed that the four genes, PH1481, PH1601, PH1771, and PH1877, have a significant homology to those encoding RNase P protein subunits, hpop5, Rpp21, Rpp29, and Rpp30, of human, respectively. These genes were expressed in Escherichia coli cells, and the resulting proteins Ph1481p, Ph1601p, Ph1771p, and Ph1877p were purified to apparent homogeneity in a set of column chromatographies. The four proteins were characterized in terms of their capability to bind the cognate RNase P RNA from P. horikoshii. All four proteins exhibited the binding activity to the RNase P RNA. In vitro reconstitution of four putative RNase P proteins with the in vitro transcripted P. horikoshii RNase P RNA revealed that three proteins Ph1481p, Ph1601p, and Ph1771p, and RNase P RNA are minimal components for the RNase P activity. However, addition of the fourth protein Ph1877p strongly stimulated enzymatic activity, indicating that all four proteins and RNase P RNA are essential for optimal RNase P activity. The present data will pave the way for the elucidation of the reaction mechanism for archaeal as well as eukaryotic RNase P.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Archaeal Proteins/chemistry
- Archaeal Proteins/genetics
- Archaeal Proteins/metabolism
- Base Sequence
- Endoribonucleases/chemistry
- Endoribonucleases/genetics
- Endoribonucleases/isolation & purification
- Endoribonucleases/metabolism
- Escherichia coli Proteins
- Humans
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nucleic Acid Conformation
- Protein Binding
- Protein Subunits/genetics
- Protein Subunits/metabolism
- Pyrococcus/enzymology
- Pyrococcus/genetics
- RNA, Archaeal/chemistry
- RNA, Archaeal/metabolism
- RNA, Catalytic/chemistry
- RNA, Catalytic/genetics
- RNA, Catalytic/isolation & purification
- RNA, Catalytic/metabolism
- RNA, Transfer, Tyr/chemistry
- RNA, Transfer, Tyr/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Ribonuclease P
- Ribonucleoproteins/genetics
- Ribonucleoproteins/isolation & purification
- Ribonucleoproteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Kouzuma
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, 812-8581, Fukuoka, Japan
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13
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Kaye NM, Zahler NH, Christian EL, Harris ME. Conservation of helical structure contributes to functional metal ion interactions in the catalytic domain of ribonuclease P RNA. J Mol Biol 2002; 324:429-42. [PMID: 12445779 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(02)01094-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Like protein enzymes, catalytic RNAs contain conserved structure motifs important for function. A universal feature of the catalytic domain of ribonuclease P RNA is a bulged-helix motif within the P1-P4 helix junction. Here, we show that changes in bulged nucleotide identity and position within helix P4 affect both catalysis and substrate binding, while a subset of the mutations resulted only in catalytic defects. We find that the proximity of the bulge to sites of metal ion coordination in P4 is important for catalysis; moving the bulge distal to these sites and deleting it had similarly large effects, while moving it proximal to these sites had only a moderate effect on catalysis. To test whether the effects of the mutations are linked to metal ion interactions, we used terbium-dependent cleavage of the phosphate backbone to probe metal ion-binding sites in the wild-type and mutant ribozymes. We detect cleavages at specific sites within the catalytic domain, including helix P4 and J3/4, which have previously been shown to participate directly in metal ion interactions. Mutations introduced into P4 cause local changes in the terbium cleavage pattern due to alternate metal ion-binding configurations with the helix. In addition, a bulge deletion mutation results in a 100-fold decrease in the single turnover cleavage rate constant at saturating magnesium levels, and a reduced affinity for magnesium ions important for catalysis. In light of the alternate terbium cleavage pattern in P4 caused by bulge deletion, this decreased ability to utilize magnesium ions for catalysis appears to be due to localized structural changes in the ribozyme's catalytic core that weaken metal ion interactions in P4 and J3/4. The information reported here, therefore, provides evidence that the universal conservation of the P4 structure is based in part on optimization of metal ion interactions important for catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Kaye
- Center for RNA Molecular Biology, and Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Hall
- Department of Microbiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
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15
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Andrews AJ, Hall TA, Brown JW. Characterization of RNase P holoenzymes from Methanococcus jannaschii and Methanothermobacter thermoautotrophicus. Biol Chem 2001; 382:1171-7. [PMID: 11592398 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2001.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The partial purification and basic biochemical characterization of the RNase P holoenzymes of two species of methanogenic Archaea, Methanothermobacter thermoautotrophicus (previously Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum strain deltaH) and Methanococcus jannaschii, are described. The properties of these enzymes, particularly buoyant density in Cs2SO4 and recent information about the subunit composition of the archaeal enzymes, suggest that RNase P enzymes in Archaea are much more alike than earlier studies in Sulfolobus acidocaldarius and Haloferax volcanii suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Andrews
- Department of Microbiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7615, USA
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16
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XIAO SHAOHUA, HOUSER-SCOTT FELICIA, ENGELKE DAVIDR. Eukaryotic ribonuclease P: increased complexity to cope with the nuclear pre-tRNA pathway. J Cell Physiol 2001; 187:11-20. [PMID: 11241345 PMCID: PMC3758117 DOI: 10.1002/1097-4652(200104)187:1<11::aid-jcp1055>3.0.co;2-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ribonuclease P is an ancient enzyme that cleaves pre-tRNAs to generate mature 5' ends. It contains an essential RNA subunit in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya, but the degree to which the RNA subunit relies on proteins to supplement catalysis is highly variable. The eukaryotic nuclear holoenzyme has recently been found to contain almost twenty times the protein content of the bacterial enzymes, in addition to having split into at least two related enzymes with distinct substrate specificity. In this review, recent progress in understanding the molecular architecture and functions of nuclear forms of RNase P will be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - DAVID R. ENGELKE
- Correspondence: David R. Engelke, Department of Biological Chemistry, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0606, USA.
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Houser-Scott F, Ziehler WA, Engelke DR. Saccharomyces cerevisiae nuclear ribonuclease P: structure and function. Methods Enzymol 2001; 342:101-17. [PMID: 11586886 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(01)42539-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Houser-Scott
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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18
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Pannucci JA, Haas ES, Hall TA, Harris JK, Brown JW. RNase P RNAs from some Archaea are catalytically active. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:7803-8. [PMID: 10393902 PMCID: PMC22142 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.14.7803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA subunits of RNase Ps of Archaea and eukaryotes have been thought to depend fundamentally on protein for activity, unlike those of Bacteria that are capable of efficient catalysis in the absence of protein. Although the eukaryotic RNase P RNAs are quite different than those of Bacteria in both sequence and structure, the archaeal RNAs generally contain the sequences and structures of the bacterial, phylogenetically conserved catalytic core. A spectrum of archaeal RNase P RNAs were therefore tested for activity in a wide range of conditions. Many remain inactive in ionically extreme conditions, but catalytic activity could be detected from those of the methanobacteria, thermococci, and halobacteria. Chimeric holoenzymes, reconstituted from the Methanobacterium RNase P RNA and the Bacillus subtilis RNase P protein subunits, were functional at low ionic strength. The properties of the archaeal RNase P RNAs (high ionic-strength requirement, low affinity for substrate, and catalytic reconstitution by bacterial RNase P protein) are similar to synthetic RNase P RNAs that contain all of the catalytic core of the bacterial RNA but lack phylogenetically variable, stabilizing elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Pannucci
- Department of Microbiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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19
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Abstract
Ribonuclease P (RNase P) is the endoribonuclease that generates the mature 5'-ends of tRNA by removal of the 5'-leader elements of precursor-tRNAs. This enzyme has been characterized from representatives of all three domains of life (Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya) (1) as well as from mitochondria and chloroplasts. The cellular and mitochondrial RNase Ps are ribonucleoproteins, whereas the most extensively studied chloroplast RNase P (from spinach) is composed solely of protein. Remarkably, the RNA subunit of bacterial RNase P is catalytically active in vitro in the absence of the protein subunit (2). Although RNA-only activity has not been demonstrated for the archael, eucaryal, or mitochondrial RNAs, comparative sequence analysis has established that these RNAs are homologous (of common ancestry) to bacterial RNA. RNase P holoenzymes vary greatly in organizational complexity across the phylogenetic domains, primarily because of differences in the RNase P protein subunits: Mitochondrial, archaeal, and eucaryal holoenzymes contain larger, and perhaps more numerous, protein subunits than do the bacterial holoenzymes. However, that the nonbacterial RNase P RNAs retain significant structural similarity to their catalytically active bacterial counterparts indicates that the RNA remains the catalytic center of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Frank
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720-3102, USA.
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20
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Rossmanith W, Karwan RM. Characterization of human mitochondrial RNase P: novel aspects in tRNA processing. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 247:234-41. [PMID: 9642109 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human mitochondrial RNase P does not distinguish itself from other RNase P enzymes by most of its basic properties. 5' phosphates on tRNA products, strict dependence on a divalent cation, independence of ATP or other cofactors, and sensitivity to puromycin are generally characteristic for RNase P. Slow sedimentation of human mitochondrial RNase P in glycerol gradients suggests a molecular weight considerably lower than that of bacterial or nuclear RNase P. In contrast to fungi, all putative components of mammalian mitochondrial RNase P are encoded by the nucleus. Intriguingly, no indication of the involvement of a trans-acting RNA was found in mammalian mitochondrial tRNA processing. Mitochondrial RNase P is resistant to rigorous treatments with nucleases and exhibits a protein-like density in Cs2SO4 gradients. Moreover, an analysis of copurifying RNAs revealed no putative RNase P RNA candidates. These data suggest that mammalian mitochondrial RNase P, unlike its nuclear counterpart or its bacterial relatives, is not a ribonucleoprotein but a protein enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Rossmanith
- Institut für Tumorbiologie-Krebsforschung der Universität Wien, Borschkegasse 8a, Vienna, A-1090, Austria.
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21
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Abstract
Ribonuclease P (RNase P) is responsible for the generation of mature 5' termini of tRNA. The RNA component of this complex encodes the enzymatic activity in bacteria and is itself catalytically active under appropriate conditions in vitro. The role of the subunits in eucaryotes has not yet been established. We have partially purified RNase P activity from the ciliate protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila to learn more about the biochemical characteristics of RNase P from a lower eucaryote. The Tetrahymena RNase P displays a pH optimum and temperature optimum characteristic of RNase P enzymes isolated from other organisms. The Km of the T. thermophila enzyme for pre-tRNAGln is 1.6 x 10(-7)M, which is comparable to the values reported for other examples of RNase P. The Tetrahymena RNase P is a ribonucleoprotein complex, as supported by its sensitivity to micrococcal nuclease and proteinase K. The buoyant density of the enzyme in Cs2SO4 is 1.42 g/ml, which suggests that the RNA component of the Tetrahymena enzyme comprises a significantly greater percentage of the holoenzyme than that determined for RNase P of other Eucarya or Archaea. The holoenzyme has a requirement for divalent cations displaying characteristics that are unique for RNase P but closely resemble preferences reported for the Tetrahymena group I intron RNA. Puromycin inhibits pre-tRNA processing by the Tetrahymena complex, and implications of the similarities between recognition of tRNA by ribosomal components and RNase P are discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Cations, Divalent
- Chromatography, Affinity
- Chromatography, Ion Exchange
- DNA Primers
- Endoribonucleases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Endoribonucleases/isolation & purification
- Endoribonucleases/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nucleic Acid Conformation
- Puromycin/pharmacology
- RNA Precursors/chemistry
- RNA Precursors/metabolism
- RNA, Catalytic/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA, Catalytic/isolation & purification
- RNA, Catalytic/metabolism
- RNA, Transfer, Gln/chemistry
- RNA, Transfer, Gln/metabolism
- Ribonuclease P
- Substrate Specificity
- Tetrahymena thermophila/enzymology
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Affiliation(s)
- H L True
- Department of Microbiology and College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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22
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Haas ES, Armbruster DW, Vucson BM, Daniels CJ, Brown JW. Comparative analysis of ribonuclease P RNA structure in Archaea. Nucleic Acids Res 1996; 24:1252-9. [PMID: 8614627 PMCID: PMC145784 DOI: 10.1093/nar/24.7.1252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the structure of the catalytic RNA component of ribonuclease P has been well characterized in Bacteria, it has been little studied in other organisms, such as the Archaea. We have determined the sequences encoding RNase P RNA in eight euryarchaeal species: Halococcus morrhuae, Natronobacterium gregoryi, Halobacterium cutirubrum, Halobacteriurn trapanicum, Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum strains deltaH and Marburg, Methanothermus fervidus and Thermococcus celer strain AL-1. On the basis of these and previously available sequences from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, Haloferax volcanii and Methanosarcina barkeri the secondary structure of RNase P RNA in Archaea has been analyzed by phylogenetic comparative analysis. The archaeal RNAs are similar in both primary and secondary structure to bacterial RNase P RNAs, but unlike their bacterial counterparts these archaeal RNase P RNAs are not by themselves catalytically proficient in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Haas
- Department of Microbiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, USA
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23
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Lee YC, Lee BJ, Hwang DS, Kang HS. Purification and characterization of mitochondrial ribonuclease P from Aspergillus nidulans. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1996; 235:289-96. [PMID: 8631344 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.00289.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial ribonuclease (RNase) P from Aspergillus nidulans was purified to near homogeneity using whole-cell extract as the starting material. A 4400-fold purification with a yield of 5.2% was achieved by ammonium sulfate fractionation, heat treatment, and five types of column chromatography, including tRNA-affinity column chromatography. This enzyme, which has a molecular mass of 232 kDa determined by glycerol gradient sedimentation analysis, appears to be composed of seven polypeptides and an RNA moiety. These seven polypeptides consistently copurified with the RNase P activity through two ion-exchange chromatography columns and in a glycerol gradient. As judged by nuclease sensitivity, the enzyme requires an RNA component for its activity. The 3'-end-labeled RNAs that copurified with the enzyme displayed identical sequences but had variable lengths for the 5' end, indicating that they originated from a common RNA molecule, the putative RNA component of RNase P. The purified enzyme cleaved mitochondrial precursor tRNAHis, resulting in an 8-bp acceptor stem. This implies that the purified RNase P is a mitochondrial enzyme and that an additional guanylate residue (at position -1) of tRNAHis in A. nidulans mitochondria is generated by a mode that is analogous to the generation of their counterparts in prokaryotes and chloroplasts.
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MESH Headings
- Aspergillus nidulans/enzymology
- Aspergillus nidulans/genetics
- Aspergillus nidulans/metabolism
- Base Sequence
- Binding Sites
- DNA Primers/genetics
- Endoribonucleases/genetics
- Endoribonucleases/isolation & purification
- Endoribonucleases/metabolism
- Kinetics
- Mitochondria/enzymology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nucleic Acid Conformation
- Protein Conformation
- RNA Precursors/chemistry
- RNA Precursors/genetics
- RNA Precursors/metabolism
- RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional
- RNA, Catalytic/genetics
- RNA, Catalytic/isolation & purification
- RNA, Catalytic/metabolism
- RNA, Fungal/chemistry
- RNA, Fungal/genetics
- RNA, Fungal/metabolism
- RNA, Transfer, Asp/chemistry
- RNA, Transfer, Asp/genetics
- RNA, Transfer, Asp/metabolism
- Ribonuclease P
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Korea
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24
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Abstract
Mature tRNAs are remarkably similar in all cells. However, the primary transcripts from tRNA genes can vary considerably due to differences in gene organization. RNase P must be able to recognize the elements that are common to all tRNA precursors to accurately remove the 5'-leader sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Green
- SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
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25
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Abstract
An important approach to understanding RNA-based catalytic function by ribonuclease P is the investigation of its evolutionary diversity in structure and function. Because RNase P enzymes from all organisms are thought to share common ancestry, the fundamental features of structure and biochemistry should be conserved in all of its modern forms. In contrast to the bacterial enzyme, the RNase P enzymes from Eucarya, organelles, and Archaea are poorly understood. This review describes our nascent understanding of the structure and function of RNase P in Archaea, and how this enzyme compares to its homologs in the other evolutionary Domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Brown
- Department of Microbiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, USA
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26
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Chamberlain JR, Tranguch AJ, Pagán-Ramos E, Engelke DR. Eukaryotic nuclear RNase P: structures and functions. PROGRESS IN NUCLEIC ACID RESEARCH AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1996; 55:87-119. [PMID: 8787607 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60190-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J R Chamberlain
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109, USA
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27
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Gegenheimer P. Structure, mechanism and evolution of chloroplast transfer RNA processing systems. Mol Biol Rep 1996; 22:147-50. [PMID: 8901502 DOI: 10.1007/bf00988720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts of land plants have an active transfer RNA processing system, consisting of an RNase P-like 5' endonuclease, a 3' endonuclease, and a tRNA:CCA nucleotidyltransferase. The specificity of these enzymes resembles more that of their eukaryotic counterparts than that of their cyanobacterial predecessors. Most strikingly, chloroplast RNase P activity almost certainly resides in a protein, rather than in an RNA.protein complex as in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. The chloroplast enzyme may have evolved from a preexisting chloroplast NADP-binding protein. Chloroplast RNase P cleaves pre-tRNA by a reaction mechanism in which at least one of the Mg2+ ions utilized by the bacterial ribozyme RNase P is replaced by an amino acid side chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gegenheimer
- University of Kansas, Department of Biochemistry, Lawrence 66045-2106, USA
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28
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Reilly TH, Schmitt ME. The yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, RNase P/MRP ribonucleoprotein endoribonuclease family. Mol Biol Rep 1996; 22:87-93. [PMID: 8901493 DOI: 10.1007/bf00988711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Ribonuclease P (RNase P) is a ribonucleoprotein responsible for the endonucleolytic cleavage of the 5'-termini of tRNAs. Ribonuclease MRP (RNase MRP) is a ribonucleoprotein that has the ability to cleave both mitochondrial RNA primers presumed to be involved in mitochondrial DNA replication and rRNA precursors for the production of mature rRNAs. Several lines of evidence suggest that these two ribonucleoproteins are related to each other, both functionally and evolutionarily. Both of these enzymes have activity in the nucleus and mitochondria. Each cleave their RNA substrates in a divalent cation dependent manner to generate 5'-phosphate and 3'-OH termini. In addition, the RNA subunits of both complexes can be folded into a similar secondary structure. Each can be immunoprecipitated from mammalian cells with Th antibodies. In yeast, both have been found to share at least one common protein. This review will discuss some of the recent advances in our understanding of the structure, function and evolutionary relationship of these two enzymes in the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Reilly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Health Science Center at Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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29
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Abstract
Ribonuclease P (RNase P) is a key enzyme involved in tRNA biosynthesis. It catalyses the endonucleolytic cleavage of nearly all tRNA precursors to produce 5'-end matured tRNA. RNase P activity has been found in all organisms examined, from bacteria to mammals. Eubacterial RNase RNA is the only known RNA enzyme which functions in trans in nature. Similar behaviour has not been demonstrated in RNase P enzymes examined from archaebacteria or eukaryotes. Characterisation of RNase P enzymes from more diverse eukaryotic species, including the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum, is useful for comparative analysis of the structure and function of eukaryotic RNase P.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Drainas
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Greece
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30
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Pace NR, Brown JW. Evolutionary perspective on the structure and function of ribonuclease P, a ribozyme. J Bacteriol 1995; 177:1919-28. [PMID: 7536728 PMCID: PMC176831 DOI: 10.1128/jb.177.8.1919-1928.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N R Pace
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington 47405, USA
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31
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Stathopoulos C, Kalpaxis DL, Drainas D. Partial purification and characterization of RNase P from Dictyostelium discoideum. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1995; 228:976-80. [PMID: 7737203 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.tb20349.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Ribonuclease P (RNase P) from Dictyostelium discoideum has been purified 470-fold. D. discoideum RNase P cleaves the precursor to Schizosaccharomyces pombe suppressor tRNA(Ser) at the same site as S. pombe RNase P, producing the mature 5' end of tRNA(Ser). pH and temperature optima for enzyme activity are 7.6 and 37 degrees C, respectively. The enzyme shows optimal activity in the presence of 5 mM MgCl2 and 10 mM NH4Cl or 5 mM KCl. The apparent Km for the S. pombe tRNA precursor derived from the supS1 tRNA(Ser) gene is 240 nM, and the apparent Vmax is 3.6 pmol/min. Inhibition of D. discoideum RNase P by proteinase K and micrococcal nuclease strongly indicates that the activity requires both protein and RNA components. In cesium sulfate density gradients, the enzyme has a buoyant density of 1.23 g/ml, indicating a low RNA/protein ratio for the holoenzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Stathopoulos
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio-Patras, Greece
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32
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Tranguch AJ, Kindelberger DW, Rohlman CE, Lee JY, Engelke DR. Structure-sensitive RNA footprinting of yeast nuclear ribonuclease P. Biochemistry 1994; 33:1778-87. [PMID: 8110780 DOI: 10.1021/bi00173a022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Several enzymatic and chemical reagents were used to probe the secondary structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae nuclear RNase P RNA in the presence and absence of its protein components. Double-stranded regions were detected with RNase V1 and single-stranded regions with RNase ONE (Escherichia coli RNase I). Nucleotides not paired at Watson-Crick positions were monitored with dimethyl sulfate, kethoxal, and 1-cyclohexyl-3-[2-(N-methylmorpholinio)ethyl]carbodiimide p-toluenesulfonate. The results supported most aspects of the previously proposed, phylogenetically-derived RNA secondary structure, although minor refinements allowed incorporation of both the biochemical and phylogenetic data. Digestion of the RNase P protein(s) with proteinase K gave enhanced reactivities to structure probes at selected positions, indicating regions of the RNA made inaccessible by the presence of the protein subunit(s). The regions of RNA protected in the yeast nuclear holoenzyme were considerably more extensive than that seen in the Escherichia coli holoenzyme, consistent with the observation that the protein moiety generally comprises a larger percentage of the RNase P holoenzyme in eukaryotes than in eubacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Tranguch
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-0606
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33
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Zimmerly S, Drainas D, Sylvers LA, Söll D. Identification of a 100-kDa protein associated with nuclear ribonuclease P activity in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1993; 217:501-7. [PMID: 8223594 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb18270.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Ribonuclease P from the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe has been purified to apparent homogeneity. A purification of 23,000-fold was achieved by four fractionation steps with DEAE-cellulose chromatography, phosphocellulose chromatography, glycerol-gradient fractionation and finally tRNA-affinity chromatography. A 100-kDa protein was present in the most pure preparations in amounts approximately stoichiometric with the previously identified RNA components of the enzyme, K1-RNA and K2-RNA [Krupp, G., Cherayil, B., Frendeway, D., Nishikawa, S. & Söll, D. (1986) EMBO J. 5, 1697-1703]. A cross-linking experiment utilizing a 4-thiouridine-substituted precursor tRNA demonstrated that the 100-kDa protein interacts with the ribonuclease P substrate in a specific fashion. We therefore conclude that the protein component of S. pombe ribonuclease P is a 100-kDa protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zimmerly
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8114
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34
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LaGrandeur TE, Darr SC, Haas ES, Pace NR. Characterization of the RNase P RNA of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. J Bacteriol 1993; 175:5043-8. [PMID: 7688716 PMCID: PMC204970 DOI: 10.1128/jb.175.16.5043-5048.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
RNase P is the ribonucleoprotein enzyme that cleaves precursor sequences from the 5' ends of pre-tRNAs. In Bacteria, the RNA subunit is the catalytic moiety. Eucaryal and archaeal RNase P activities copurify with RNAs, which have not been shown to be catalytic. We report here the analysis of the RNase P RNA from the thermoacidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. The holoenzyme was highly purified, and extracted RNA was used to identify the RNase P RNA gene. The nucleotide sequence of the gene was determined, and a secondary structure is proposed. The RNA was not observed to be catalytic by itself, but it nevertheless is similar in sequence and structure to bacterial RNase P RNA. The marked similarity of the RNase P RNA from S. acidocaldarius and that from Haloferax volcanii, the other known archael RNase P RNA, supports the coherence of Archaea as a phylogenetic domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E LaGrandeur
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington 47405
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35
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Fusi P, Tedeschi G, Aliverti A, Ronchi S, Tortora P, Guerritore A. Ribonucleases from the extreme thermophilic archaebacterium S. solfataricus. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1993; 211:305-10. [PMID: 8425540 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb19899.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A purification procedure consisting of DEAE-Sephacel chromatography, heparin-Sepharose CL-6B chromatography and Mono-S chromatography led to the isolation of three proteins endowed with RNase activity from the thermoacidophilic archaebacterium Sulfolobus solfataricus. They were referred to as p1, p2 and p3, according to their elution order from the Mono-S column. Complete amino acid sequence of p2 and partial sequence of p3 displayed high sequence similarity to the 7-kDa DNA-binding proteins previously isolated in Sulfolobus strains [Choli, T., Wittman-Liebold, B. & Reinhardt, R. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 7087-7093]. The molecular mass of p2, calculated from sequence data, was 7.02 kDa, which compares fairly well with the value of 7.4 kDa determined by SDS/PAGE. Gel filtration of the molecule under native conditions displayed, however, a largely prevailing form with an assessed molecular mass of 13.0 kDa, which points to a dimeric structure. Kinetic characterization of protein p2 showed a broad pH optimum in the range 6.7-7.6 using yeast RNA as substrate; also, it was shown that activity was unaffected by EDTA, Mg2+ and phosphate. The enzyme did not accept as substrate any homopolyribonucleotide, which points to a rather narrow substrate specificity. This was also confirmed by incubating p2 with tRNA(fMet)Met (fMet, N-formylmethionine) from Escherichia coli: the hydrolysis products were thus identified as 3'-phosphooligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Fusi
- Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Biochimica generali, Università di Milano, Italy
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36
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Jayanthi GP, Van Tuyle GC. Characterization of ribonuclease P isolated from rat liver cytosol. Arch Biochem Biophys 1992; 296:264-70. [PMID: 1605634 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(92)90571-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Rat liver ribonuclease P was isolated from a cytosolic fraction and shown to have optimal activity in the presence of 1 mM MgCl2 and 150-200 mM KCl using Escherchia coli pre-tRNA(Tyr) as substrate. In cesium sulfate isopycnic density gradients, the enzyme had a buoyant density of 1.36 g/ml, indicating that it is a ribonucleoprotein complex. Analysis of the RNAs in the enzyme sample purified through two successive Cs2SO4 density gradient steps revealed the copurification of two major species of RNA (RRP1 and RRP2) along with several less abundant RNAs. Rat liver ribonuclease P activity was insensitive to micrococcal nuclease pretreatment. However, the nuclease-treated preparations contained several incompletely degraded RNA species that may have been sufficient to support the ribonuclease P activity. When RNase A was substituted for micrococcal nuclease, the ribonuclease P activity was diminished by greater than 90%, suggesting the requirement for an RNA subunit for activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Jayanthi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298
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37
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Abstract
Ribonuclease P is a ribozyme involved in tRNA processing that is present in all cells and organelles that synthesize tRNA. Most of our understanding of ribonuclease P derives from studies of the bacterial enzyme. This enzyme has been characterized biochemically and a secondary structure for the RNA subunit has been proposed. Isolation and characterization of ribonuclease P from diverse Archaea and Eukarya are now modifying and adding to our model of this unusual enzyme. The latter instances of RNase P differ from the bacterial version, but similarities are emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Darr
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln 68583-0718
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38
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Abstract
Eubacterial RNase P contains a catalytic RNA that cleaves 5' leader sequences from precursor tRNAs. We review the current understanding of RNase P RNA structure and evolution, from the perspective of phylogenetic comparative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Brown
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington 47405
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39
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