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Noh J, Lee C, Kim JH, Myung SW, Choi MH. LC-MS based simultaneous profiling of adrenal hormones of steroids, catecholamines, and metanephrines. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100453. [PMID: 37806496 PMCID: PMC10641533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic changes in adrenocortical steroids and medullary catecholamines characterize adrenal tumors, but they are measured using different analytical protocols. To increase bioanalytical validity while maintaining sample homogeneity, LC-MS-based profiling of 29 cortical steroids and 6 medullary amines, including catecholamines and metanephrines, in a single run was developed. Alkyloxycarbonylation with isobutyl chloroformate was employed together with our comprehensive steroid assay, and all adrenal hormones were separated on a reversed-phase C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.9 μm) at a flow rate of 0.3 ml/min. The lower limits of quantification for all analytes ranged from 0.1 to 2.0 ng/ml, with extraction recoveries of 58.5%-109.5%, while the imprecision and accuracy were 1.6%-14.8% and 89.2%-114.9%, respectively. The validated LC-MS assay was applied to serum samples obtained from 60 patients with adrenal Cushing syndrome, primary aldosteronism, and pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL). In addition to the characteristic metabolic changes in glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, catecholamines, and metanephrine, the molecular ratios of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and 20α-dihydrocortisol indicated Cushing syndrome and primary aldosteronism (P < 0.01 for all compounds), respectively. Moreover, the interactive molecular ratios of 11-deoxycortisol with normetanephrine, metanephrine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine (P < 0.01 all compounds) were proposed to characterize the metabolic features of PPGL. Novel LC-MS-based quantitative profiling of steroids, catecholamines, and metanephrines in human serum was successfully established and characterized metabolic features of individual adrenal tumors that could be used for clinical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongsung Noh
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea; Department of Chemistry, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Chaelin Lee
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Man Ho Choi
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea.
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Jeong HD, Kim JH, Kwon GE, Lee ST. Expression of Polyamine Oxidase in Fibroblasts Induces MMP-1 and Decreases the Integrity of Extracellular Matrix. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810487. [PMID: 36142401 PMCID: PMC9504367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyamine oxidase (PAOX) (N1-acetylpolyamine oxidase) is a major enzyme in the polyamine catabolism pathway that generates hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide plays a crucial role in skin aging via extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation by increasing the matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) levels. We analyzed the integrity of the ECM in foreskin fibroblasts using PAOX expression. PAOX increased the MMP-1 secretion and type Ι collagen degradation in 2D and 3D cultures of fibroblasts, respectively. Similarly, PAOX overexpression increased the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) level of MMP-1. PAOX expression induced polyamine catabolism, decreased the spermine levels, and increased the putrescine levels. However, the exogenous polyamine treatment did not change the MMP-1 and type I collagen levels as much as PAOX expression. PAOX expression increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in fibroblasts, and exogenous hydrogen peroxide increased both the ROS production and MMP-1 secretion. Furthermore, N-acetylcysteine, an antioxidant, reversed the PAOX-induced ROS production and MMP-1 secretion. PAOX induced the signaling pathways that activate activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), which are important transcription factors for MMP-1 transactivation. We concluded that PAOX increased the ROS levels in fibroblasts, leading to an increase in MMP-1 expression. Therefore, we propose that PAOX is a potential target molecule in protecting the ECM integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Dong Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jin Hyung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Go Eun Kwon
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Seung-Taek Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-221232703
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3
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Lee YR, Lee JW, Hong J, Chung BC. Simultaneous Determination of Polyamines and Steroids in Human Serum from Breast Cancer Patients Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041153. [PMID: 33670046 PMCID: PMC7926538 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A simultaneous quantitative profiling method for polyamines and steroids using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was developed and validated. We applied this method to human serum samples to simultaneously evaluate polyamine and steroid levels. Chemical derivatization was performed using isobutyl chloroformate to increase the sensitivity of polyamines. The method was validated, and the matrix effects were in the range of 78.7-126.3% and recoveries were in the range of 87.8-123.6%. Moreover, the intra-day accuracy and precision were in the ranges of 86.5-116.2% and 0.6-21.8%, respectively, whereas the inter-day accuracy and precision were in the ranges of 82.0-119.3% and 0.3-20.2%, respectively. The linearity was greater than 0.99. The validated method was used to investigate the differences in polyamine and steroid levels between treated breast cancer patients and normal controls. In our results, N-acetyl putrescine, N-acetyl spermidine, cadaverine, 1,3-diaminopropane, and epitestosterone were significantly higher in the breast cancer patient group. Through receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, all metabolites that were significantly increased in patient groups with areas under the curve >0.8 were shown. This mass spectrometry-based quantitative profiling method, used for the investigation of breast cancer, is also applicable to androgen-dependent diseases and polyamine-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ra Lee
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea;
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Ji Won Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea;
| | - Jongki Hong
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (B.C.C.); Tel.: +82-2-961-9255 (J.H.); +82-2-958-5077 (B.C.C.)
| | - Bong Chul Chung
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea;
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (B.C.C.); Tel.: +82-2-961-9255 (J.H.); +82-2-958-5077 (B.C.C.)
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Lee YR, Lew BL, Sim WY, Lee J, Hong J, Chung BC. Altered polyamine profiling in the hair of patients with androgenic alopecia and alopecia areata. J Dermatol 2019; 46:985-992. [PMID: 31464015 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hair follicles are among the most highly proliferative tissues. Polyamines are associated with proliferation, and several polyamines including spermidine and spermine play anti-inflammatory roles. Androgenic alopecia results from increased dihydrotestosterone metabolism, and alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease. This study aimed to investigate differences in polyamine profiles in hair samples between patients with androgenic alopecia and alopecia areata. Polyamine concentrations were determined through high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Hair samples were derivatized with isobutyl chloroformate. Differences in polyamine levels were observed between androgenic alopecia and alopecia areata compared with normal controls. In particular, polyamine levels were higher in alopecia areata patients than in normal controls. Certain polyamines displayed different concentrations between the androgenic alopecia and alopecia areata groups, suggesting that some polyamines, particularly N-acetyl putrescine (P = 0.007) and N-acetyl cadaverine (P = 0.0021), are significantly different in androgenic alopecia. Furthermore, spermidine (P = 0.021) was significantly different in alopecia areata. Our findings suggest that non-invasive quantification of hair polyamines may help distinguish between androgenic alopecia and alopecia areata. Our study provides novel insights into physiological alterations in patients with androgenic alopecia and those with alopecia areata and reveals some differences in polyamine levels in hair loss diseases with two different modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ra Lee
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea.,KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bark Lynn Lew
- Department of Dermatology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Young Sim
- Department of Dermatology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeongae Lee
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jongki Hong
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong Chul Chung
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea.,KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Yu Z, Huang H, Zhang H, Kessler BM. Improved profiling of polyamines using two-dimensional gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Talanta 2019; 199:184-188. [PMID: 30952244 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Polyamines are a class of poly-cationic aliphatic amines, playing a role in different cellular processes such as maintaining intracellular pH and membrane potential that are relevant for general cellular physiology and ageing. The development of analytical methods for detection and quantitation of this class of compounds has been challenging due to the basic nature of these species. Both liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC) have been applied for separation, mostly coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) for detection. However, current methodologies suffer from lengthy extraction protocols and limitations in separation and detection levels. Here, we present a simplified and optimised method for straightforward extraction of polyamine metabolites including spermine, spermidine, norspermidine, cadaverine and putrescine from cellular and tissue material. We demonstrate that strong acid-based extraction and chemical derivatisation not only improves isolation, but also recovery. Combined with two-dimensional gas chromatography, this method provides clear separation and femtomole sensitivity for the profiling of polyamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanru Yu
- TDI Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Honglei Huang
- TDI Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Hanlin Zhang
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY
| | - Benedikt M Kessler
- TDI Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK.
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Naccarato A, Elliani R, Cavaliere B, Sindona G, Tagarelli A. Development of a fast and simple gas chromatographic protocol based on the combined use of alkyl chloroformate and solid phase microextraction for the assay of polyamines in human urine. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1549:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Moon JY, McNamara KM, Lee JJ, Chung BC, Sasano H, Choi MH. Improved detectability of sex steroids from frozen sections of breast cancer tissue using GC-triple quadrupole-MS. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 178:185-192. [PMID: 29269263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sex steroids in clinical endocrinology have been mainly investigated with peripheral blood and urine samples, while there is limited information regarding the local levels within tissues. To improve analytical properties of sex steroids from trace amounts of tissue samples, two-phase extractive ethoxycarbonlyation and subsequent pentafluoropropionyl derivatization coupled to gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was developed. The optimized analytical conditions led to excellent chromatographic separation of 15 estrogens, 6 androgens, and 2 progestins. The quantitative results were calculated based on in-house control samples as the steroid-free tissues, and the precision and accuracy were 4.2%-26.8% and 90.8%-116.4%, respectively. The on-column limit of quantification was from 180 fg to 0.5 pg for androgens and estrogens, and 1.25 pg for progestins, which were found to be linear (r2 > 0.990). The validated method was then applied to quantify 7 sex steroids from three 100-μm-thick frozen breast tissue slices from postmenopausal patients with breast cancer. This is the first report on the improved GC-MS/MS method for the detection of androgens and pregnenolone from breast cancer tissues, and it can be a useful technique to measure the local levels of sex steroids, thus, enhancing our understanding of the pathophysiological significances of steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yeon Moon
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Keely May McNamara
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Jung-Jin Lee
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Chul Chung
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Man Ho Choi
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Choi MH, Chung BC. Bringing GC-MS profiling of steroids into clinical applications. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2015; 34:219-236. [PMID: 24965919 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Abnormalities of steroid biosynthesis and excretion are responsible for the development and prevention of endocrine disorders, such as metabolic syndromes, cancers, and neurodegenerative diseases. Due to their biochemical roles in endocrine system, qualitative and quantitative analysis of steroid hormones in various biological specimens is needed to elucidate their altered expression. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based steroid profiling can reveal the states of metabolites in biological systems and provide comprehensive insights by allowing comparisons between metabolites present in cells, tissues, or organisms. In addition, the activities of many enzymes related to steroid metabolism often lead to hormonal imbalances that have serious consequences, and which are responsible for the progress of hormone-dependent diseases. In contrast to immunoaffinity-based enzyme assays, MS-based methods are more reproducible in quantification. In particular, high-resolution gas chromatographic (GC) separation of steroids with similar chemical structures can be achieved to provide rapid and reproducible results with excellent purification. GC-MS profiling therefore has been widely used for steroid analysis, and offers the basis for techniques that can be applied to large-scale clinical studies. Recent advances in analytical technologies combined with inter-disciplinary strategies, such as physiology and bioinformatics, will help in understanding the biochemical roles of steroid hormones. Therefore, comprehensive analytical protocols in steroid analysis for different research purposes may contribute to the elucidation of complex metabolic processes relevant to steroid function in many endocrine disorders, and in the identification of diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Ho Choi
- Future Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 136-791, Korea
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9
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Micro-scale strategy to detect spermine and spermidine by MALDI-TOF MS in foods and identification of apoptosis-related proteins by nano-flow UPLC-MS/MS after treatment with spermine and spermidine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 978-979:131-7. [PMID: 25541472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Spermine and spermidine are multiple-nitrogen compounds found in many foods. Both compounds are essential for cell growth and human health. This study established a simple and fast method of detecting spermine and spermidine in food samples by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). After a simple sample preparation procedure, spermine and spermidine were directly detected by MALDI-TOF MS with no additional purification procedure. The calibration curves for spermine and spermidine ranged from 0.1 to 10 μg/mL. In intra- and inter-batch assays of three different concentrations of spermine and spermidine, all relative standard deviations and relative errors were below 18.9%. These experimental results confirmed the practicability and effectiveness of the proposed MALDI-TOF MS method for fast determination of spermine and spermidine in food samples. Furthermore, since spermine and spermidine have important roles in apoptosis, up-regulation and down-regulation of spermine and spermidine during apoptosis were analyzed. After treating NRK-52E cells with spermine and spermidine, the cells were lysed, and cell proteins were collected, and digested. Apoptosis-related proteins were then identified by tandem MS.
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Lu CY, Su HH, Chen YL, Tseng WL. Micro extraction to quantitate spermidine and spermine in human urine and blood by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1326:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tsutsui H, Mochizuki T, Inoue K, Toyama T, Yoshimoto N, Endo Y, Todoroki K, Min JZ, Toyo'oka T. High-throughput LC-MS/MS based simultaneous determination of polyamines including N-acetylated forms in human saliva and the diagnostic approach to breast cancer patients. Anal Chem 2013; 85:11835-42. [PMID: 24274257 DOI: 10.1021/ac402526c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The determination of polyamines and their N-acetylated forms was performed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The polyamines efficiently reacted with 4-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)-7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (DBD-F) in 0.1 M borax (pH 9.3) at 60 °C for 30 min. The resulting derivatives were analyzed by electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS and sensitively detected by selected reaction monitoring (SRM). Furthermore, a rapid separation of the polyamine derivatives within 10 min was performed by UPLC using an antipressurized column packed with 1.7-μm octadecylsilyl (ODS) silica gel. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) on the SRM chromatograms were at the attomole level (9-43 amol). This procedure was used to successfully determine 11 polyamines, including their N-acetylated forms, in the saliva of patients with primary and relapsed breast cancer and healthy volunteers. The level of several polyamines (Ac-PUT, Ac-SPD, Ac-SPM, DAc-SPD, and DAc-SPM) increases in breast cancer patients. Furthermore, the levels of three polyamines (Ac-SPM, DAc-SPD, and DAc-SPM) were significantly higher only in the relapsed patients. The present method proved highly sensitive and is characterized by specificity and feasibility for sample analysis. Consequently, the proposed method is useful for the noninvasive salivary diagnosis of cancer patients and could be applied to determine polyamines in several specimens of biological nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhito Tsutsui
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka , 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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Jin D, Wang L, Lee YI. Determination of the polyamines in human toenails as 1-(5-fluoro-2,4-dinitrophenyl)-4-methylpiperazine derivatives using high-performance liquid chromatography. Microchem J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Liu R, Li Q, Ma R, Lin X, Xu H, Bi K. Determination of polyamine metabolome in plasma and urine by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method: application to identify potential markers for human hepatic cancer. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 791:36-45. [PMID: 23890604 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the potential relationship between cancer and polyamine metabolome, a UHPLC-MS/MS method has been developed and validated for simultaneous determination of polyamine precursors, polyamines, polyamine catabolite in human plasma and urine. Polyamine precursors including L-ornithine, lysine, L-arginine and S-adenosyl-L-methionine; polyamines including 1,3-diaminopropane, putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine, spermine, agmatine, N-acetylputrescine, N-acetylspermine and N-acetylspermidine; polyamine catabolite including γ-aminobutyric acid had been determined. The analytes were extracted from plasma and urine samples by protein precipitation procedure, and then separated on a Shim-pack XR-ODS column with 0.05% heptafluorobutyric acid (HFBA) in methanol and 0.05% HFBA in water. The detection was performed on UHPLC-MS/MS system with turbo ion spray source in the positive ion and multiple reaction-monitoring mode. The limits of quantitation for all analytes were within 0.125-31.25 ng mL(-1) in plasma and urine. The absolute recoveries of analytes from plasma and urine were all more than 50%. By means of the method developed, the plasma and urine samples from hepatic cancer patients and healthy age-matched volunteers had been successfully determined. Results showed that putrescine and spermidine in hepatic cancerous plasma were significant higher than those in healthy ones, while spermidine, spermine and N-acetylspermidine in hepatic cancerous urine were significant higher than those in healthy ones. The methods demonstrated the changes of polyamine metabolome occurring in plasma and urine from human subjects with hepatic cancer. It could be a powerful manner to indicate and treat hepatic cancer in its earliest indicative stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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Liu R, Bi K, Jia Y, Wang Q, Yin R, Li Q. Determination of polyamines in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q-TOF mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2012; 47:1341-1346. [PMID: 23019166 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q-time of flight mass spectrometry (HPLC/Q-TOF MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of 1, 3-diaminopropane, putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine and spermine in human plasma. The plasma samples were first pretreated by 10% HClO(4) and then derived by benzoyl chloride with 1, 6-diaminohexane as internal standard. The derived polyamines were separated on a C(18) column using a gradient program. The detection was performed on a Q-TOF MS by positive ionization mode. Calibration curve for each polyamine was obtained in the concentration range of 0.4 ~ 200.0 ng • ml(-1), with limit of detection of 0.02 ~ 0.1 ng • ml(-1). The intra- and inter-day RSD for all polyamines were 2.5-14.0% and 2.9 ~ 13.4%, respectively. The method was applied to determine the polyamines in human plasma from cancer patients and healthy volunteers. Results showed that the mean levels of polyamines in the plasma of cancer patients were higher than that of healthy volunteers, which suggested that the plasma polyamines could be employed as cancer diagnostic indicators in clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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15
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Moon JY, Kang SM, Moon MH, Hong J, Kim KT, Jeong DH, Kim YN, Chung BC, Choi MH. Extractive ethoxycarbonylation in high-temperature gas chromatography–mass spectrometry based analysis of serum estrogens. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:3742-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Accelerating analysis for metabolomics, drugs and their metabolites in biological samples using multidimensional gas chromatography. Bioanalysis 2011; 1:367-91. [PMID: 21083173 DOI: 10.4155/bio.09.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gas chromatography (GC) with mass spectrometry (MS) is one of the great enabling analytical tools available to the chemical and biochemical analyst for the measurement of volatile and semi-volatile compounds. From the analysis result, it is possible to assess progress in chemical reactions, to monitor environmental pollutants in a wide range of soil, water or air samples, to determine if an athlete or horse trainer has contravened doping laws, or if crude oil has migrated through subsurface rock to a reservoir. Each of these scenarios and samples has an associated implementation method for GC-MS. However, few samples and the associated interpretation of data is as complex or important as biochemical sample analysis for trace drugs or metabolites. Improving the analysis in both the GC and MS domains is a continual search for better separation, selectivity and sensitivity. Multidimensional methods are playing important roles in providing quality data to address the needs of analysts.
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Moon JY, Kim KJ, Moon MH, Chung BC, Choi MH. A novel GC-MS method in urinary estrogen analysis from postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. J Lipid Res 2011; 52:1595-603. [PMID: 21602563 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d016113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen metabolites play important roles in the development of female-related disorders and homeostasis of the bone. To improve detectability, a validated gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was conducted with two-phase extractive ethoxycarbonlyation (EOC) and subsequent pentafluoropropionyl (PFP) derivatization was introduced. The resulting samples were separated through a high-temperature MXT-1 column within an 8 min run and were detected in the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The optimized analytical conditions led to good separation with a symmetric peak shape for 19 estrogens as their EOC-PFP derivatives. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was from 0.02 to ∼0.1 ng/ml for most estrogens analyzed, except for 2-hydroxyestriol (0.5 ng/ml). The devised method was found to be linear (r² > 0.995) in the range from the LOQ to 40 ng/ml, whereas the precision (% CV) and accuracy (% bias) ranged from 1.4 to 10.5% and from 91.4 to 108.5%, respectively. The good sensitivity and selectivity of this method even allowed quantification of the estrogen metabolites in urine samples obtained from the postmenopausal female patients with osteoporosis. The present technique can be useful for clinical diagnosis as well as to better understand the pathogenesis of estrogen-related disorders in low-level quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yeon Moon
- Future Convergence Research DivisionCollege of Medicine, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
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Chen GG, Fiori LM, Moquin L, Gratton A, Mamer O, Mechawar N, Turecki G. Evidence of altered polyamine concentrations in cerebral cortex of suicide completers. Neuropsychopharmacology 2010; 35:1477-84. [PMID: 20200507 PMCID: PMC2874419 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2010.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have implicated alterations in the expression of polyamine-related genes in the brains of suicide completers including widespread downregulation of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase, the key enzyme in polyamine catabolism, suggesting compensatory mechanisms attempting to increase brain levels of polyamines. Given the complexity of the polyamine system, quantification of the levels of the polyamines is an essential step in understanding the downstream effects of dysregulated gene expression. We developed a method using high-resolution capillary gas chromatography (GC) in combination with mass spectrometry (MS) for quantitation of polyamines from post-mortem brain tissue, which allowed us to accurately measure spermidine and putrescine concentrations in post-mortem brain tissues. Using this method, we analyzed putrescine and spermidine levels in a total of 126 samples from Brodmann areas 4, 8/9, and 11, from 42 subjects, comprising 16 suicide completers with major depression, 13 non-depressed suicide completers, and 13 control subjects. Both putrescine and spermidine levels fell within the expected nanomolar ranges and were significantly elevated in the brain of suicide completers with a history of major depression as compared with controls. These results were not accounted by possible confounders. This is the first GC-MS study to analyze the expression of putrescine and spermidine from post-mortem brain tissue and confirms the hypothesis raised by previous studies indicating alterations in putrescine and spermidine levels in suicide/major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Gang Chen
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Laura M Fiori
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Luc Moquin
- Research Center, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alain Gratton
- Research Center, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Orval Mamer
- Mass Spectrometry Unit, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Naguib Mechawar
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada,McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Verdun, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada, Tel: +1 514 761 6131x2369, Fax: +1 514 762 3023, E-mail:
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Chen GG, Turecki G, Mamer OA. A quantitative GC-MS method for three major polyamines in postmortem brain cortex. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2009; 44:1203-1210. [PMID: 19514045 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A quantitative method for putrescine (PUT), spermidine (SPD) and spermine (SPM) in homogenized postmortem human brain tissue is described that employs a novel, simple and rapid extractive derivatization with ethylchloroformate and trifluoroacetylation. These amines are metabolites of ornithine and are metabolically interconvertible in mammals. The method was developed to support an ongoing epidemiological study correlating these amines with the frequency of suicide. The isolation methodology is robust and requires less work and time than many previous methods. Analysis is by conventional electron ionization GC-MS with selected ion monitoring using a stable isotope-labeled analog for PUT and a chemical analog for SPD and SPM as internal standards. The time required for chromatographic analysis, about 20 min, is determined by the wide range of the relative volatilities of the derivatized polyamines. The method allows the quantitation of PUT down to 10 ng/g and SPD and SPM down to 100 and 1000 ng/g, respectively of wet tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary G Chen
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Li L, Hara K, Liu J, Yu Y, Gao L, Wang Y, Wang Y. Rapid and simultaneous determination of hair polyamines as N-heptafluorobutyryl derivatives by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 876:257-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2008] [Revised: 10/05/2008] [Accepted: 10/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Determination of biogenic diamines with a vaporisation derivatisation approach using solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2008; 111:462-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2007] [Revised: 03/19/2008] [Accepted: 03/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Sugiura K, Min JZ, Toyo'oka T, Inagaki S. Rapid, sensitive and simultaneous determination of fluorescence-labeled polyamines in human hair by high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1205:94-102. [PMID: 18755466 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2008] [Revised: 08/04/2008] [Accepted: 08/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The rapid, sensitive and simultaneous determination of six polyamines, i.e., ornithine (ORN), 1,3-diaminopropane (DAP), putrescine (PUT), cadaverine (CAD), spermidine (SPD) and spermine (SPM), in human hairs was performed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with fluorescence (FL) detection and electrospray-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS). The primary (-NH(2)) and secondary (-NH) amines in the polyamine structures were first labeled with 4-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)-7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (DBD-F) at 60 degrees C for 30 min in the mixture of 0.1M borax (pH 9.3) and acetonitrile (CH(3)CN). The resulting derivatives were perfectly separated using an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C(18) column (1.7 microm, 100 mm x 2.1mm i.d.) by a gradient elution with a mixture of water-acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid (HCOOH). The separated polyamine derivatives were sensitively detected with both FL and TOF-MS. The detection limits in FL and TOF-MS were 11-86 and 2-5 fmol, respectively. However, the determination of several polyamines by FL detection was interfered with by endogenous substances in the hair. Therefore, the simultaneous determination in hair was carried out by the combination of UPLC separation and the ESI-TOF-MS detection. The structures of the polyamines were identified from the protonated-molecular ions [M+H](+) obtained from the TOF-MS measurement. A good linearity was achieved from the calibration curves, that was obtained by plotting the peak area ratios of the analytes relative to the internal standard (IS), i.e., 1,6-diaminohexane (DAH), against the injected amounts of each polyamine (0.05-50 pmol, r(2)>0.999). The proposed method was applied to the determination in the hairs of healthy volunteers. The mean concentrations of ORN, DAP, PUT, CAD, SPD and SPM in 1mg of human hairs (n=20) were 1.46, 0.18, 1.18, 0.11, 1.97 and 0.98 pmol, respectively. Because the proposed method provides a good mass accuracy and the trace detection of the polyamines in hair, this analytical technique seems to be applicable for the determination of various biological compounds in hair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Sugiura
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Global COE Program, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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Byun JA, Lee SH, Jung BH, Choi MH, Moon MH, Chung BC. Analysis of polyamines as carbamoyl derivatives in urine and serum by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2008; 22:73-80. [PMID: 17668437 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A quantitative analysis of polyamines in urine and serum by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is described. The polyamines were carbamylated with isobutyl chloroformate, extracted with diethyl ether under pH 9.0, and analyzed by LC-MS/MS with single reaction monitoring mode. The limit of quantification was 1 ng/mL based on a signal-to-noise ratio>3, and the correlation coefficient (r2) for the calibration curves was >0.99 for both urine and serum samples. The present method was applied to urine and serum samples from 30 breast cancer patients and 30 normal female controls. There was no significant difference in the urinary polyamine levels between breast cancer patients and controls. However, 1,3-diaminopropane, putrescine, spermine and N-acetylspermidine levels in serum increased in breast cancer patients. These four serum polyamines may be a good index to study both production and metabolism of polyamines, and a useful tool in assessment of the polyamine status of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Ah Byun
- Bioanalysis and Biotransformation Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Korea
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Khan H. Thin-layer chromatographic separation of cadaverine and ornithine, and spectrophotometric quantification. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2007. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.20.2007.3.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Fu NN, Zhang HS, Ma M, Wang H. Quantification of polyamines in human erythrocytes using a new near-infrared cyanine 1-(ε-succinimidyl-hexanoate)- 1′-methyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethyl- indocarbocyanine-5,5′-disulfonate potassium with CE-LIF detection. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:822-9. [PMID: 17315150 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A novel near-infrared (NIR) cyanine 1-(epsilon-succinimidyl-hexanoate)-1'-methyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-indocarbocyanine-5,5'-disulfonate potassium (MeCy5-OSu) has been developed in our laboratory. Simultaneous determination of MeCy5-OSu-derivatized polyamines spermine (Spm), spermidine (Spd), cadaverine (Cad), and putrescine (Put) based on the separation by CE combined with diode LIF detection has been accomplished. The highest derivatization efficiency was achieved in 0.2 mol/L borate buffer (pH 8.8) for 20 min at 25 degrees C. Polyamine derivatives were separated within 14 min in the phosphate running buffer (pH 3) containing 50 mmol/L phosphoric acid, 40 mmol/L SDS, and 35% methanol v/v. Linearity of response was obtained in the range of 10-200 nmol/L. The detection limits (S/N = 3) for Spm, Spd, Cad, and Put were 0.8, 1, 3, and 2 nmol/L, respectively. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the analysis of polyamines in erythrocytes of two healthy persons and one cancer patient. Average recoveries for erythrocyte samples were 93.6-106% and coefficients of variation ranged from 1.8 to 5.4%. The analysis of polyamines in erythrocytes can be used for studying the relationship between their changes and the carcinogenesis process involved in erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni-Na Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
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Bogdanov AV, Glazkov IN, Revel’skii IA. Supercritical fluid extraction coupled with chromatography-mass spectrometry: Hair analysis. Chromatography-mass spectrometry data processing using the CODA mathematical algorithm. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934807010133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Paik MJ, Nguyen DT, Kim KR. GC and MS Properties of β-Blockers as tert-Butyldimethylsilyl Derivatives and as Ethoxycarbonyl/Trimethylsilyl Derivatives. Chromatographia 2006. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-006-0095-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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28
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Bogdanov AV, Glazkov IN, Polenova TV, Marutsenko IV, Revel’skii IA. Determination of organic compounds in human hair. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934806100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Gambaro V, Casagni E, Dell'Acqua L, Valenti M, Visconti GL. Capillary gas-chromatographic determination of spermidine in hair lotion. J Sep Sci 2006; 29:1294-7. [PMID: 16833089 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200500336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Biogenic polyamines, such as spermidine (SPD, NH2-(CH2)4-NH-(CH2)3-NH2), are ubiquitous polycationic molecules which play a definitive role in many biological processes such as nucleic acid metabolism, protein synthesis, and cell growth. SPD is commonly used as an ingredient in hair lotions, because it seems to promote hair growth. This work describes a capillary GC method for quantitative determination of SPD in hair lotions using 1,6-diaminohexane as internal standard, a methyl silicone capillary column, and a flame ionisation detector. Aliquots of hair lotion were treated with an alkaline aqueous solution and internal standard was added. The emulsion was extracted with diethyl ether containing ethyl chloroformate. Ether extracts, evaporated to dryness and reconstituted in ethyl acetate, were analysed by capillary GC with flame ionisation detection. Validation took into account the specificity, linearity, precision, and accuracy of the analytical method: these parameters were valid for the quantitative determination of SPD in hair lotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veniero Gambaro
- Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
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Paik MJ, Lee S, Cho KH, Kim KR. Urinary polyamines and N-acetylated polyamines in four patients with Alzheimer's disease as their N-ethoxycarbonyl-N-pentafluoropropionyl derivatives by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in selected ion monitoring mode. Anal Chim Acta 2006; 576:55-60. [PMID: 17723614 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2005] [Revised: 01/19/2006] [Accepted: 01/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous determination of putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine, spermine, N1-acetylputrescine, N1-acetylcadaverine, N1-acetylspermidine, N8-acetylspermidine and N1-acetylspermine in aqueous samples was achieved as their N-ethoxycarbonyl-N-pentafluoropropionyl derivatives by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The overall GC-SIM-MS method was linear (r> or =0.9987), repetitive (% relative standard deviation=1.3-6.4), and accurate (% relative error=-2.1-8.6). As compared to normal subjects, the levels of putrescine, N1-acetylspermine and spermine were significantly elevated while the levels of N1-acetylputrescine, N1-acetylcadaverine and N1-acetylspermidine were markedly reduced in all four Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. When star symbol plotting was applied to the normalized levels of nine polyamines relative to the corresponding normal mean values, each star pattern of the AD patients was deformed, thus being readily distinguishable from the nonagon shape of the normal group average.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Jeong Paik
- Biometabolite Analysis Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
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Paik MJ, Choi Y, Kim KR. Simultaneous profiling analysis of alkylphenols and amines by gas chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Srogi K. Hair Analysis as Method for Determination of Level of Drugs and Pharmaceutical in Human Body: Review of Chromatographic Procedures. ANAL LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710500476821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Clements RLH, Holt A, Gordon ES, Todd KG, Baker GB. Determination of rat hepatic polyamines by electron-capture gas chromatography. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2004; 50:35-9. [PMID: 15233965 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2003.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2003] [Accepted: 12/08/2003] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An efficient and reproducible electron-capture gas chromatographic protocol that allows the simultaneous detection and quantification of the polyamines putrescine (1,4-diaminobutane), cadaverine (1,5-diaminopentane), and spermidine (N-[3-aminopropyl]-1,4-diaminobutane) was developed. METHODS Hepatic tissue from male Sprague-Dawley rats was used for analysis. The polyamines and the internal standard (sertraline) were extracted and derivatized with pentafluorobenzoyl chloride (PFBC) under basic aqueous conditions prior to analysis on a gas chromatograph equipped with a capillary column (narrow-bore fused silica column; 25 mm x 0.32 mm) and an electron-capture detector. RESULTS PFBC reacts with the amine functions of the polyamines examined here to produce PFB derivatives with high sensitivity on electron-capture detection. The method permitted the quantitative analyses of all three amines in rat hepatic tissue; the concentration of putrescine, but not spermidine, was increased significantly following a 14-day administration of the diamine oxidase (DAO) inhibitor aminoguanidine. Cadaverine was also present at increased concentrations in hepatic homogenates from aminoguanidine-treated rats. DISCUSSION Extractive derivatization with PFBC followed by gas chromatographic analysis using electron-capture detection results in a rapid and reproducible assay that permits the simultaneous detection and quantification of putrescine, cadaverine, and spermidine in biological tissue.
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Gambaro V, Casagni E, Dell'Acqua L, Valenti M, Visconti GL. Capillary gas chromatographic determination of spermidine in diet integrators. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2004; 35:409-13. [PMID: 15063473 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(03)00554-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2003] [Revised: 10/08/2003] [Accepted: 10/08/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Biogenic polyamines, among which is spermidine (SPD, NH2-(CH2)4-NH-(CH2)3-NH2), are ubiquitous polycationic molecules that have a definitive role in many biological processes, such as nucleic acid metabolism, protein synthesis and cell growth. SPD is present in diet integrators because it seems to favour the hair growth. This work describes a capillary gas chromatographic (CGC) method for the quantitative determination of SPD in diet integrators using cadaverine internal standard (IS), a methyl siliconic capillary column and flame-ionization detector (FID). Diet tablets, containing SPD, are pulverized; an aliquot of powder is treated with an alkaline aqueous solution and added with IS. The suspension is extracted with diethyl ether containing ethyl chloroformate (ECF). The ether extracts, evaporated to dryness and reconstituted in ethyl acetate were analyzed in CGC/FID. Derivatives of polyamines with ECF were characterized in CGC/MS too. Validation has considered specificity, linearity, precision and accuracy of analytical method; this parameters are valid for the quantitative determination of SPD in diet integrators.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gambaro
- Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Viale Abruzzi 42, 20131 Milan, Italy.
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Takagi K, Tatsumi Y, Kitaichi K, Iwase M, Shibata E, Nakao M, Matsumoto T, Takagi K, Hasegawa T. A sensitive colorimetric assay for polyamines in erythrocytes using oat seedling polyamine oxidase. Clin Chim Acta 2004; 340:219-27. [PMID: 14734216 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccn.2003.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most of the polyamines circulating in blood are spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) with only trace amounts of putrescine (Put), and they are mainly localized in erythrocytes. We developed a simple and sensitive colorimetric assay for polyamines in erythrocytes using oat seedling polyamine oxidase (OSPO). The method is based on the unique substrate specificity of OSPO, which is active toward Spd and Spm, but not toward diamines such as Put and cadaverine and monoamines such as histamine. METHODS The polyamines, which were purified from packed erythrocytes by weak cation-exchange chromatography, were incubated with OSPO at 37 degrees C for 15 min. In the presence of the H(2)O(2) produced by this polyamine oxidase reaction and a new chromogen, N-(carboxymethylaminocarbonyl)-4,4'-bis(dimethylamino)-diphenylamine sodium salt (DA-64), peroxidase (POD) catalyzes the formation of N-[4-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]imino]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-N-methylmethanaminium chloride (Bindschedler's Green) having an absorption maximum at 727 nm. RESULTS The detection limit was 0.2 microM/l for packed erythrocytes. The within-run and between-run precisions (coefficient of variation, CVs) were 5.6-15.2% and 6.5-16.4%, respectively. Analytical recoveries were 93.3-97.4%. Polyamine values obtained by this assay correlated well with those obtained by an HPLC (y=0.948x + 1.912; r=0.944; n=46). CONCLUSIONS This colorimetric assay is simple and highly sensitive and practical for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Takagi
- Department of Medical Technology, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, 1-1-20 Daikominami, Nagoya 461-8673, Higashi, Japan.
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Teti D, Visalli M, McNair H. Analysis of polyamines as markers of (patho)physiological conditions. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2002; 781:107-49. [PMID: 12450656 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(02)00669-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aliphatic polyamines, putrescine, spermidine and spermine, are normal cell constituents that play important roles in cell proliferation and differentiation. The equilibrium between cellular uptake and release and the balanced activities of biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes of polyamines are essential for normal homeostasis in the proliferation and functions of cells and tissues. However, the intracellular polyamine content increases in hyperplastic or neoplastic growth. Although the involvement of polyamines in physiological and pathological cell proliferation and differentiation has been well established, the role they play is quite different in relation to cell systems and animal models and is dependent on inducer agents and stimuli. Also, the experimental procedures used to deplete polyamines have been shown to influence the cell responses. In this paper, the assay methods currently in use for polyamines are reviewed and compared with respect to sensitivity, reproducibility and applicability to routine analysis. The relevance of polyamine metabolism and the uptake/release process in many physiological and pathological processes is highlighted, and the cellular polyamine pathways are discussed in relation to the possible diagnostic and therapeutic significance of these mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Teti
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Microbiology, Section of Experimental Pathology, Azienda Policlinico Universitario, Torre Biologica, IV piano, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy.
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Derivatization Reactions for Analytes with Various Functional Groups. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4770(02)80020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Choi MH, Kim KR, Kim IS, Lho DS, Chung BC. Increased hair polyamine levels in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol 2001; 50:128. [PMID: 11456303 DOI: 10.1002/ana.1086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2001; 36:347-354. [PMID: 11312528 DOI: 10.1002/jms.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Choi MH, Kim KR, Kim YT, Chung BC. Increased Polyamine Concentrations in the Hair of Cancer Patients. Clin Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/47.1.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Man Ho Choi
- Bioanalysis & Biotransformation Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 130-650, Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 440-746 Suwon, Korea
| | - Kyoung Rae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 440-746 Suwon, Korea
| | - Young Tae Kim
- College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 120-749 Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong Chul Chung
- Bioanalysis & Biotransformation Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 130-650, Korea
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