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Kaviraj Y, Srikanth B, Moses Babu J, Venkateswara Rao B, Paul Douglas S. Development of an Ion Chromatography Method for Analysis of Organic Anions (Fumarate, Oxalate, Succinate, and Tartrate) in Single Chromatographic Conditions. Sci Pharm 2016; 83:611-22. [PMID: 26839842 PMCID: PMC4727764 DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.1503-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A single organic counterion analysis method was developed by using an ion chromatography separation technique and conductivity detector. This allows the rapid characterization of an API to support clinical studies and to fulfil the regulatory requirements for the quantitation of fumarate, oxalate, succinate, and tartrate counterions in active pharmaceutical ingredients (quetiapine fumarate, escitalopram oxalate, sumatriptan succinate, and tolterodine tartrate). The method was developed by using the Metrohm Metrosep A Supp 1 (250 × 4.0 mm, 5.0 µm particle size) column with a mobile phase containing an isocratic mixture of solution A: 7.5 mM sodium carbonate and 2.0 mM sodium bicarbonate in Milli-Q water and solution B: acetonitrile. The flow rate was set at 1.0 mL/min and the run time was 25 minutes. The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines, and the method parameters were chosen to ensure the spontaneous quantitation of all four anions. The method was validated for all four anions to demonstrate the applicability of this method to common anions present in various APIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarbagi Kaviraj
- Analytical Research, Custom Pharmaceutical Services, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd., Bollaram road, Miyapur, Hyderabad-500049 (AP), India; Department of Engineering Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530003, India
| | - B Srikanth
- Analytical Research, Custom Pharmaceutical Services, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd., Bollaram road, Miyapur, Hyderabad-500049 (AP), India
| | - J Moses Babu
- Analytical Research, Custom Pharmaceutical Services, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd., Bollaram road, Miyapur, Hyderabad-500049 (AP), India
| | - B Venkateswara Rao
- Department of Engineering Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530003, India
| | - S Paul Douglas
- Department of Engineering Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530003, India
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Powell M, Humphreys D, Nagle A, Polowy K, Scannell M. Development and validation of an assay method for the determination of trifluoroacetic acid in a cyclosporin-like drug. Talanta 2011; 85:859-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Diekmann J, Adams KL, Klunder GL, Evans L, Steele P, Vogt C, Herberg JL. Portable Microcoil NMR Detection Coupled to Capillary Electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2011; 83:1328-35. [DOI: 10.1021/ac102389b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Diekmann
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Leibniz University Hanover, Callinstrasse 1, 30167 Hanover, Germany
| | - Kristl L. Adams
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Gregory L. Klunder
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Lee Evans
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Paul Steele
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Carla Vogt
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Leibniz University Hanover, Callinstrasse 1, 30167 Hanover, Germany
| | - Julie L. Herberg
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
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The role of ion-pairing in peak deformations in overloaded reversed-phase chromatography of peptides. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:7065-73. [PMID: 20875642 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The paper reports a study on the role of ion-pairing behind peak deformations, e.g. peak splitting and even peak disappearance, during the elution of a peptide at highly overloaded conditions in reversed-phase chromatography. Deformation of component peaks is not uncommon in chromatography. There are reports which discuss their occurrence, but mostly at analytical scale, while their occurrence is quite common also in the preparative scale, as in the case discussed in this work. This paper first describes the conditions leading to peak splitting and peak disappearance of an industrial peptide, then explains the plausible reasons behind such behaviour, and finally with experimental analysis demonstrates the role of ion-pairing in causing such behaviour.
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Zakaria P, Dicinoski GW, Ng BK, Shellie RA, Hanna-Brown M, Haddad PR. Application of retention modelling to the simulation of separation of organic anions in suppressed ion chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:6600-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2009] [Revised: 07/16/2009] [Accepted: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Little MJ, Aubry N, Beaudoin ME, Goudreau N, LaPlante SR. Quantifying trifluoroacetic acid as a counterion in drug discovery by 19F NMR and capillary electrophoresis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 43:1324-30. [PMID: 17145157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2006] [Revised: 10/23/2006] [Accepted: 10/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Drug discovery compounds are often isolated as salts of trifluoroacetate from preparative high performance liquid chromatography, which are then used for biological assays in order to assess their efficacy against the biochemical target of interest. It is, therefore, imperative to determine the TFA content in order to ascertain the correct formula weight and when required, to ensure that the TFA has been completely exchanged for another counterion in order to have superior pharmacokinetic properties and to avoid potential toxicity effects. In this paper, we present capillary electrophoresis and (19)F nuclear magnetic resonance methods for determining the TFA content of drug discovery compounds. Furthermore, these methods have been successfully applied in a high-throughput fashion, which is a key feature for general applicability in a pharmaceutical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Little
- Department of Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Limited, Research and Development, 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, Quebec, Canada H7S 2G5.
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Kaiser E, Rohrer J. Determination of residual trifluoroacetate in protein purification buffers and peptide preparations by ion chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1039:113-7. [PMID: 15250411 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Trifluoroacetate (TFA) is commonly used in a variety of pharmaceutical applications. Because of its toxic nature, it is important to reliably measure the effective removal of TFA. We developed an ion chromatography (IC) method to determine the concentration of residual TFA in samples found in the pharmaceutical industry. A high-capacity anion-exchange column was used to separate trace trifluoroacetate from an excess of chloride, phosphate, and other anions without the need for sample preparation. TFA was detected by suppressed conductivity. A method with four KOH eluent step changes was optimized and reproducibly executed using automated generation of the KOH eluent. We used this method to determine TFA in the following samples: a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), an acetate-buffered saline containing protein, and a commercial peptide. The method detection limits for TFA in these samples were all less than 90 ng/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Kaiser
- Dionex Corporation, 1228 Titan Way PO Box 3603, Sunnyvale, CA 94088-3603, USA
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Cassidy SA, Demarest CW, Wright PB, Zimmerman JB. Development and application of a universal method for quantitation of anionic constituents in active pharmaceutical ingredients during early development using suppressed conductivity ion chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2004; 34:255-64. [PMID: 15013139 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(03)00522-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2003] [Revised: 08/20/2003] [Accepted: 09/03/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A universal method for quantitation of anionic substances in active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) during early development was developed using ion chromatography (IC). The method was developed to allow rapid characterization of APIs in support of early clinical studies The method parameters were chosen to allow quantitation of monovalent, divalent, and trivalent inorganic ions as well as monvalent and divalent carboxylic acids. These parameters were also chosen to ensure appropriate performance for regulated analyses using less than 10mg of API per replicate. The method was applied to and validated for a range of anionic analytes in APIs of varying hydrophobicity to demonstrate applicability to various analyses encountered during early development of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Cassidy
- Analytical Development Department, Pfizer Corp., 4901 Searle Parkway, Skokie, IL 60077, USA.
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Razpotnik P, Tursic J, Veber M, Novic M. Efficiency and characteristics of solid-phase (ion-exchange) extraction for removal of Cl- matrix. J Chromatogr A 2003; 991:23-9. [PMID: 12703898 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)00216-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Certain types of samples contain chloride in concentrations that are too high to accurately determine other anions by ion chromatography without any pretreatment. One of the most widely used approaches for such samples is matrix elimination using disposable cartridges containing a cation-exchange resin in the Ag+ form. The efficiency and characteristics of the commercially available cartridge for Cl- removal were tested by the on-line connection of the cartridge effluent to an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Displacement efficiency of Ag+ ions and loading capacity of the cartridges were studied at different flow-rates. Significant amounts of silver were detected in the effluent, which were attributed to colloidal AgCl as well as dissolved Ag+ ions. Because silver ions can cause irreversible damage to the analytical column, an Ag cartridge followed by an on line filter (pore size 0.22 microm) and cartridge in the H3O+ form were proposed for improvement of this sample pretreatment technique for chloride removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polona Razpotnik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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