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Erarpat S, Bodur S, Öz E, Bakırdere S. Determination of butyltin compounds in fish and mussel samples at trace levels by vortex assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction-gas chromatography mass spectrometry. J Food Compost Anal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2019.103248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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2
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Werner J, Grześkowiak T, Zgoła-Grześkowiak A, Stanisz E. Recent trends in microextraction techniques used in determination of arsenic species. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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3
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Abstract
Chemical speciation approaches is an inherent part of metallomics, once metals/metalloids and organic structures need to be currently evaluated for attaining metallomics studies. Then, this chapter focuses on the applications of the chemical speciation applied to the human health risk, food and human diet, drugs, forensic, nanoscience, and geological metallomics, also pointing out the advances in such area. Some aspects regarding sample preparation is commented along this chapter, and some strategies for maintaining the integrity of the metallomics information are also emphasized.
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4
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5
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Kroukamp E, Wondimu T, Forbes P. Metal and metalloid speciation in plants: Overview, instrumentation, approaches and commonly assessed elements. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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6
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Choi JY, Khan N, Nho EY, Choi H, Park KS, Cho MJ, Youn HJ, Kim KS. Speciation of Arsenic in Rice by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1125912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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7
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Valenzuela A, Lespes G, Quiroz W, Aguilar LF, Bravo MA. Speciation analysis of organotin compounds in human urine by headspace solid-phase micro-extraction and gas chromatography with pulsed flame photometric detection. Talanta 2014; 125:196-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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8
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Gaion A, Scuderi A, Pellegrini D, Sartori D. Bioconcentration and arsenic speciation analysis in ragworm, Hediste diversicolor (Muller 1776). BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2013; 90:120-125. [PMID: 23132364 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-012-0875-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on bioconcentrations of arsenic in Hediste diversicolor (Müller 1776) after exposure to three different molecule solutions: arsenate, dimethyl-arsinate and arsenobetaine. Speciation analysis was carried out after exposing the organisms to these solutions in order to investigate their arsenic biotransformation capacity. Arsenic reached to the maximum level in these tissues after 15 days' exposure to a solution of 100 μg L(-1) of arsenobetaine, although a significant increase was obtained in worms exposed to arsenate. Speciation analysis shows that trimethyl-arsine oxide is the slowest detoxification phase recorded in experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gaion
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
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9
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Zachariadis GA, Rosenberg E. Speciation analysis of triethyl-lead and tributyl-tin compounds in human urine by liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography microwave-induced plasma atomic emission detection. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:1132-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201101041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Erwin Rosenberg
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics; Vienna University of Technology; Vienna; Austria
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11
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Bravo M. M, Valenzuela S. A, Fuentes P. E, Quiroz V. W. Critical evaluation of fiber coatings for organotin determination by using solid phase microextraction in headspace mode. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1223:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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12
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Jirásko R, Holčapek M. Structural analysis of organometallic compounds with soft ionization mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:1013-1036. [PMID: 21104914 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Revised: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of organometallic compounds with mass spectrometry has some special features in comparison with organic and bioorganic compounds. The first step is the choice of a suitable ionization technique, where the electrospray ionization is certainly the best possibility for most classes of organometallic compounds and metal complexes. Some ionization mechanisms of organometallic compounds are comparable to organic molecules, such as protonation/deprotonation, and adduct formation with sodium or potassium ions; however, in many cases, different mechanisms and their combinations complicate the spectra interpretation. Organometallics frequently undergo various types of adduct and polymerization reactions that result in significantly higher masses observed in the spectra in comparison to molecular weights of studied compounds. Metal elements typically have more natural isotopes than common organic elements, which cause characteristic wide distributions of isotopic peaks; for example, tin has ten natural isotopes. The isotopic pattern can be used for the identification of the type and number of metal elements in particular ions. The ionization and fragmentation behavior also depend on the type of metal atom; therefore, our discussion of mass spectra interpretation is divided according to the different type of organometallic compounds. Among various types of mass spectrometers available on the market, trap-based analyzers (linear or spherical ion-traps, Orbitrap) are suitable to study complex fragmentation pathways of organometallic ions and their adducts, whereas high-resolution and high-mass accuracy analyzers (time-of-flight-based analyzers, or Fourier transform-based analyzers-Orbitrap or ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometers) provide accurate masses applicable for the determination of the elemental composition of individual ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Jirásko
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
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13
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López-García I, Briceño M, Hernández-Córdoba M. Non-chromatographic screening procedure for arsenic speciation analysis in fish-based baby foods by using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 699:11-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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15
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Occurrence and chemical speciation analysis of organotin compounds in the environment: A review. Talanta 2010; 82:9-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Revised: 04/18/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Tzollas NM, Zachariadis GA. Speciation of inorganic and tetramethyltin by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:1610-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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LIU TONGJU, LI SHUFEN, LIU SHAOCONG, LV GANG. OPTIMIZATION OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION/HEADSPACE SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY METHOD FOR DETERMINATING ORGANOTIN COMPOUNDS IN CLAM SAMPLES. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4530.2009.00535.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Liscio C, Di Carro M, Magi E. Comparison of two analytical methods for the determination of organotin compounds in marine organisms. CR CHIM 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2008.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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20
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Multivariate optimization approach for the analysis of butyltin compounds in mussel tissues by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1210:99-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2008] [Revised: 09/05/2008] [Accepted: 09/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Ali I, Gupta V, Aboul‐Enein HY, Hussain A. Hyphenation in sample preparation: Advancement from the micro to the nano world. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:2040-53. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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22
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Hasani M, Rezaei A, Abdollahi H. Kinetic spectrophotometric determination of Fe(II) in the presence of Fe(III) by H-point standard addition method in mixed micellar medium. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2007; 68:414-9. [PMID: 17329160 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2006.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2006] [Accepted: 12/08/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The H-point standard addition method was applied to kinetic data for simultaneous determination of Fe(II) and Fe(III) or selective determination of Fe(II) in the presence of Fe(III). The method is based on the difference in the rate of complex formation between iron in two different oxidation states and methylthymol blue (MTB) at pH 3.5 in mixed cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and Triton X-100 micellar medium. Fe(II) can be determined in the range 0.25-2.5 microg ml(-1) with satisfactory accuracy and precision in the presence of excess Fe(III) and other metal ions that rapidly form complexes with MTB under working condition. The proposed method was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of Fe(II) and Fe(III) or selective determination of Fe(II) in the presence of Fe(III) in spiked real environmental and synthetic samples with complex composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Hasani
- Department of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran.
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23
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Cukrowska EM, Nsengimana H, Chimuka L. Speciation of alkyllead in aqueous samples with application of liquid membrane probe for extraction and preconcentration. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:2754-9. [PMID: 17763525 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Lead is known to be toxic, especially in its organic forms (organolead, OL). In the environment tetraalkyllead species are rapidly degraded by sunlight and atmospheric constituents like ozone or hydroxyl radicals. Such breakdown yields the soluble forms such as trialkyllead and dialkyllead and finally ionic lead species. The liquid membrane extraction probe (LMP) device has been developed and used as an extraction and preconcentration tool for the speciation analysis of organolead compounds by GC/MS. It allows analysis of OL species at low concentrations in complicated matrices of environmental samples. The effect of pH, stirring rate, and time that influence the extraction efficiency of OL extraction by the LMP method were optimized. The transformation of tetramethyllead in aqueous media at different concentrations of major ions K(+), Na(+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Cl(-), SO(4)(2-) and the application of LMP to environmental samples are presented. It was found that degradation of tetramethyllead takes between 24 and 37 days. The detection limit (LOD) of the method for all organolead species investigated is around 4.7 microg/L, with a limit of quantitation of 15 microg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa M Cukrowska
- School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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24
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Dietz C, Sanz J, Sanz E, Muñoz-Olivas R, Cámara C. Current perspectives in analyte extraction strategies for tin and arsenic speciation. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1153:114-29. [PMID: 17157305 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2006] [Revised: 11/16/2006] [Accepted: 11/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, reliable and robust detectors can be considered standard laboratory instrumentation, which, for most of the elements provide quantitation limits in the lower ng/g range. Despite these advances in detector technology, sample preparation is by far the most important error source in modern analytical method development and can be judged as the "Achilles' heel" of any analytical process regarding reliability of the obtained results and time consumption. The aim of the present review is to highlight modern trends for tin and arsenic speciation, as these analytes can be considered as models for challenges in modern method development in this field. First background information, legislative aspects and current needs are elucidated. Then the role of sample treatment within the process of method development in speciation is discussed, followed by a presentation of modern extraction techniques, matching the requirements for arsenic and tin speciation analysis: to provide mild conditions in order to ensure species preservation, to improve species recovery, to enhance sample throughput and to be suitable for hyphenation with chromatographic separation systems. The review includes applications on tin and arsenic speciation, covering the period of 2001-2006.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Dietz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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25
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Campillo N, Aguinaga N, Viñas P, López-García I, Hernández-Córdoba M. Gas chromatography with atomic emission detection for dimethylselenide and dimethyldiselenide determination in waters and plant materials using a purge-and-trap preconcentration system. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1095:138-44. [PMID: 16275294 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2005] [Revised: 07/25/2005] [Accepted: 08/01/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Dimethylselenide (DMSe) and dimethyldiselenide (DMDSe) were determined in plant and water samples by capillary gas chromatography using microwave induced-plasma atomic emission spectrometry for detection. The analytes were leached from the solid samples into methanol by using an ultrasonic probe, and a portion of the extract was preconcentrated by means of a purge-and-trap system before being chromatographed. The analytes were directly purged from the water samples in the presence of 6% (v/v) methanol. Element-specific detection and quantification was carried out by monitoring the selenium (196 nm) emission line. Calibration curves were obtained by plotting peak area versus concentration and the correlation coefficients for linear calibration were 0.9999 for both analytes. Detection limits of 0.8 and 1.1 ng l(-1) were obtained for DMSe and DMDSe, respectively, for water samples. For plant materials, the detection limits calculated for 0.5 g samples were 0.3 and 0.4 ng g(-1) for DMSe and DMDSe, respectively. Concentration levels of DMSe ranging from 1.2 to 4.2 ng g(-1) were found in some of the plant materials analyzed. No DMDSe was found in any of the samples. The accuracy of the method was checked by analyzing different spiked water and plant samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Campillo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Spain
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26
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A rapid and novel alternative to conventional sample treatment for arsenic speciation in rice using enzymatic ultrasonic probe. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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27
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Screening, optimization and validation of microwave-assisted extraction for the determination of persistent organochlorine pesticides. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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28
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Synthesis and evaluation of molecularly imprinted polymers for organotin compounds: a screening method for tributyltin detection in seawater. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Wrobel K, Wrobel K, Caruso JA. Pretreatment procedures for characterization of arsenic and selenium species in complex samples utilizing coupled techniques with mass spectrometric detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 381:317-31. [PMID: 15662512 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-004-2959-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2004] [Revised: 11/02/2004] [Accepted: 11/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Research interest in analyzing arsenic and selenium is dictated by their species-dependent behavior in the environment and in living organisms. Different analytical methodologies for known species in relatively simple chemical systems are well established, yet the analysis of complex samples is still a challenge. Owing to the complex matrix and low concentrations of target species that may be chemically labile, suitable pretreatment of the sample becomes a critical step in any speciation procedure. In this paper, the pretreatment procedures used for arsenic and selenium speciation are reviewed with the emphasis on the link between the analytical protocol applied and the biologically-significant information provided by the results obtained. In the first approach, the aim of pretreatment is to convert the original sample into a form that can be analyzed by a coupled (hyphenated) technique, preventing possible losses and/or species interconversion. Common techniques include different leaching and extraction modes, enzymatic hydrolysis, species volatilization, and so on, with or without species preconcentration. On the other hand, if the speciation analysis is performed for elucidation of elemental pathways and specific functions in a living system, more conscious pretreatment and/or fractionation is needed. The macroscopic separation of organs and tissues, isolation of certain types of cells, cell disruption and separation of sub-cellular fractions, as well as isolation of a specific biomolecules become important. Furthermore, to understand molecular mechanisms, the identification of intermediate-often highly instable--metabolites is necessary. Real life applications are reviewed in this work for aquatic samples, soils and sediments, plants, yeast, and urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Wrobel
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad de Guanajuato, L de Retana N degree 5, 36000 Guanajuato, Mexico
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30
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Sun T, Fang N, Wang Y, Jia J, Yu J. Application of Novel Activated Carbon Fiber Solid‐Phase Microextraction to Analysis of Chlorohydrocarbons in Water. ANAL LETT 2004. [DOI: 10.1081/al-120035907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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31
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Application of supported liquid membrane probe for extraction and preconcentration of organotin compounds from environmental water samples. Anal Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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32
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Fattorini D, Alonso-Hernandez CM, Diaz-Asencio M, Munoz-Caravaca A, Pannacciulli FG, Tangherlini M, Regoli F. Chemical speciation of arsenic in different marine organisms: Importance in monitoring studies. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2004; 58:845-50. [PMID: 15178123 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2004.03.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a widely distributed element in the marine environment. Inorganic and organic compounds have extremely different toxicological effects, and their characterization is thus of great utility when monitoring and assessing the impact of arsenic pollution. In this study both the levels of total arsenic and its chemical speciation were analyzed in several marine organisms collected from Cienfuegos Bay (Cuba) following an episode of acute As-contamination. Fish from the more impacted site were characterized by elevated concentrations of arsenic (up to 500 microg/g d.w.) and inorganic species represented the predominant forms in muscle tissues of these organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Fattorini
- Istituto di Biologia e Genetica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri Monte D'Ago, 60100 Ancona, Italy
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Fattorini D, Bocchetti R, Bompadre S, Regoli F. Total content and chemical speciation of arsenic in the polychaete Sabella spallanzanii. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2004; 58:839-843. [PMID: 15178122 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2004.03.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
An unusual feature has been observed in polychaetes regarding their capacity to accumulate high levels of relatively toxic forms of arsenic in specific tissues. Basal levels of arsenic and distribution of its compounds were investigated in tissues of the Mediterranean polychaete Sabella spallanzanii. Particularly high concentrations were measured in the branchial crown (1036+/-136 microg/g d.w.) and chemical speciation revealed that the predominant form was the relatively toxic dimethylarsinate (DMA). These data suggest a potential role of As as anti-predatory strategy in polychaetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Fattorini
- Istituto di Biologia e Genetica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri Monte D'Ago, 60100 Ancona, Italy
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Muñoz J, Baena JR, Gallego M, Valcárcel M. Speciation of butyltin compounds in marine sediments by preconcentration on C60 and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1023:175-81. [PMID: 14753683 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A new method for the speciation of butyltin compounds by solid phase extraction and direct injection using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is described. The compounds were complexed with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate and retained on a C60 sorbent column. The neutral chelates of butyltin compounds were eluted with ethyl acetate containing NaBPr4 as derivatising reagent. The main analytical figures of merit of the proposed method for 10 ml of sample are: linear range 0.2-35 ng/g expressed as Sn; limits of detection, 0.07, 0.09 and 0.10 ng/g as Sn for monobutyltin, dibutyltin and tributyltin, respectively. No interferences from metal ions such as Zn2+, Fe3+, Sb3t, Pb2+, Ni2+ and Mn2+ were observed in the determination of organotin compounds. The validation of method was performed out by the analysis of a standard reference sediment (CRM 462). The method was also applied to the determination of butyltin compounds in marine sediment samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Muñoz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Córdoba, Annex C-3 Building, Campus of Rabanales, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
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35
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Rosenberg E. The potential of organic (electrospray- and atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation) mass spectrometric techniques coupled to liquid-phase separation for speciation analysis. J Chromatogr A 2003; 1000:841-89. [PMID: 12877203 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)00603-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The use of mass spectrometry based on atmospheric pressure ionisation techniques (atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation, APCI, and electrospray ionisation, ESI) for speciation analysis is reviewed with emphasis on the literature published in and after 1999. This report accounts for the increasing interest that atmospheric pressure ionisation techniques, and in particular ESI, have found in the past years for qualitative and quantitative speciation analysis. In contrast to element-selective detectors, organic mass spectrometric techniques provide information on the intact metal species which can be used for the identification of unknown species (particularly with MS-MS detection) or the confirmation of the actual presence of species in a given sample. Due to the complexity of real samples, it is inevitable in all but the simplest cases to couple atmospheric pressure MS detection to a separation technique. Separation in the liquid phase (capillary electrophoresis or liquid chromatography in reversed phase, ion chromatographic or size-exclusion mode) is particularly suitable since the available techniques cover a very wide range of analyte polarities and molecular mass. Moreover, derivatisation can normally be avoided in liquid-phase separation. Particularly in complex environmental or biological samples, separation in one dimension is not sufficient for obtaining adequate resolution for all relevant species. In this case, multi-dimensional separation, based on orthogonal separation techniques, has proven successful. ESI-MS is also often used in parallel with inductively coupled plasma MS detection. This review is structured in two parts. In the first, the fundamentals of atmospheric pressure ionisation techniques are briefly reviewed. The second part of the review discusses recent applications including redox species, use of ESI-MS for structural elucidation of metal complexes, characterisation and quantification of small organometallic species with relevance to environment, health and food. Particular attention is given to the characterisation of biomolecules and metalloproteins (metallothioneins and phytochelatins) and to the investigation of the interaction of metals and biomolecules. Particularly in the latter field, ESI-MS is the ideal technique due to the softness of the ionisation process which allows to assume that the detected gas-phase ions are a true representation of the ions or ion-biomolecule complexes prevalent in solution. It is particularly this field, important to biochemistry, physiology and medical chemistry, where we can expect significant developments also in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Rosenberg
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Analytics, Getreidemarkt 91164 AC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria.
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Sampling and sample treatment in the analysis of organotin compounds in environmental samples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-526x(03)41030-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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37
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Camel V. Solid-phase extraction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-526x(03)41014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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