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Tsuboshima K, Urakawa S, Takamoto K, Taguchi T, Matsuda T, Sakai S, Mizumura K, Ono T, Nishijo H. Distinct effects of thermal treatments after lengthening contraction on mechanical hyperalgesia and exercise-induced physiological changes in rat muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:296-306. [PMID: 31999528 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00355.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is a common but displeasing event induced by excessive muscle use or unaccustomed exercise and characterized by tenderness and movement-related pain in the exercised muscle. Thermal therapies, either icing or heating applied to muscles immediately after exercise, have been used as therapeutic interventions for DOMS. However, the mechanisms of their analgesic effects, and physiological and metabolic changes in the muscle during thermal therapy, remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of both thermal treatments on mechanical hyperalgesia of DOMS and physiological and muscle metabolite changes using the rat DOMS model induced by lengthening contraction (LC) to the gastrocnemius muscle. Heating treatment just after LC induced analgesic effects, while rats with icing treatment showed mechanical hyperalgesia similar to that of the LC group. Furthermore, increased physiological responses (e.g., muscle temperature and blood flow) following the LC were significantly kept high only in the rats with heating treatment. In addition, heating treatment increased metabolites involved in the improvement of blood flow and oxidative metabolisms in the exercised muscle. The results indicated that heating treatment just after LC has analgesic effects on DOMS, which might be mediated partly through the improvement of muscle oxidative metabolisms by changes in metabolites and elevated physiological responses.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Physiological effects of thermal therapy in the muscle and its mechanisms of analgesic effects remain unclear. The results indicated that heating, but not icing, treatment just after lengthening contractions induced analgesic effects in the rat muscle. Increases in hemodynamics, muscle temperature, and metabolites such as nicotinamide were more prominent in heating treatment, consistent with improvement of muscle oxidative metabolisms, which might reduce chemical factors to induce mechanical hyperalgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyuki Tsuboshima
- Department of System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Susumu Urakawa
- Department of System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kouichi Takamoto
- Department of System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Toru Taguchi
- Department of System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Teru Matsuda
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Sakai
- Department of System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kazue Mizumura
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Ono
- Department of System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hisao Nishijo
- Department of System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Abu Fara D, Dadou SM, Rashid I, Al-Obeidi R, Antonijevic MD, Chowdhry BZ, Badwan A. A Direct Compression Matrix Made from Xanthan Gum and Low Molecular Weight Chitosan Designed to Improve Compressibility in Controlled Release Tablets. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E603. [PMID: 31726799 PMCID: PMC6921021 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11110603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The subject of our research is the optimization of direct compression (DC), controlled release drug matrices comprising chitosan/xanthan gum. The foregoing is considered from two main perspectives; the use of low molecular weight chitosan (LCS) with xanthan gum (XG) and the determination of important attributes for direct compression of the mixtures of the two polymers. Powder flow, deformation behaviour, and work of compression parameters were used to characterize powder and tableting properties. Compression pressure and LCS content within the matrix were investigated for their influence on the crushing strength of the tablets produced. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to determine the optimum parameters required for DC of the matrices investigated. Results confirm the positive contribution of LCS in enhancing powder compressibility and crushing strength of the resultant compacts. Compactibility of the XG/LCS mixtures was found to be more sensitive to applied compression pressure than LCS content. LCS can be added at concentrations as low as 15% w/w to achieve hard compacts, as indicated by the RSM results. The introduction of the plasticity factor, using LCS, to the fragmenting material XG was the main reason for the high volume reduction and reduced porosity of the polymer mixture. Combinations of XG with other commonly utilized polymers in controlled release studies such as glucosamine, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), Na alginate (ALG), guar gum, lactose and high molecular weight (HMW) chitosan were also used; all the foregoing polymers failed to reduce the matrix porosity beyond a certain compression pressure. Application of the LCS/XG mixture, at its optimum composition, for the controlled release of two model drugs (metoprolol succinate and dyphylline) was examined. The XG/LCS matrix at 15% w/w LCS content was found to control the release of metoprolol succinate and dyphylline. The former preparation confirmed the strong influence of compression pressure on changing the drug release profile. The latter preparation showed the ability of XG/LCS to extend the drug release at a fixed rate for 12 h of dissolution time after which the release became slightly slower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeb Abu Fara
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Suha M. Dadou
- Department of Science, Faculty of Engineering & Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; (S.M.D.); (M.D.A.); (B.Z.C.)
| | - Iyad Rashid
- Research and Innovation Centre, The Jordanian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Company (JPM), P.O. Box 94, Naor 11710, Jordan; (I.R.); (R.A.-O.); (A.B.)
| | - Riman Al-Obeidi
- Research and Innovation Centre, The Jordanian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Company (JPM), P.O. Box 94, Naor 11710, Jordan; (I.R.); (R.A.-O.); (A.B.)
| | - Milan D. Antonijevic
- Department of Science, Faculty of Engineering & Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; (S.M.D.); (M.D.A.); (B.Z.C.)
| | - Babur Z. Chowdhry
- Department of Science, Faculty of Engineering & Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; (S.M.D.); (M.D.A.); (B.Z.C.)
| | - Adnan Badwan
- Research and Innovation Centre, The Jordanian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Company (JPM), P.O. Box 94, Naor 11710, Jordan; (I.R.); (R.A.-O.); (A.B.)
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Meier AR, Yehl JB, Eckenroad KW, Manley GA, Strein TG, Rovnyak D. Stepwise Aggregation of Cholate and Deoxycholate Dictates the Formation and Loss of Surface-Available Chirally Selective Binding Sites. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:6489-6501. [PMID: 29733655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bile salts are facially amphiphilic, naturally occurring chemicals that aggregate to perform numerous biochemical processes. Because of their unique intermolecular properties, bile salts have also been employed as functional materials in medicine and separation science (e.g., drug delivery, chiral solubilization, purification of single-walled carbon nanotubes). Bile micelle formation is structurally complex, and it remains a topic of considerable study. Here, the exposed functionalities on the surface of cholate and deoxycholate micelles are shown to vary from one another and with the micelle aggregation state. Collectively, data from NMR and capillary electrophoresis reveal preliminary, primary, and secondary stepwise aggregation of the salts of cholic (CA) and deoxycholic (DC) acid in basic conditions (pH 12, 298 K), and address how the surface availability of chirally selective binding sites is dependent on these sequential stages of aggregation. Prior work has demonstrated sequential CA aggregation (pH 12, 298 K) including a preliminary CMC at ca. 7 mM (no chiral selection), followed by a primary CMC at ca. 14 mM that allows chiral selection of binaphthyl enantiomers. In this work, DC is also shown to form stepwise preliminary and primary aggregates (ca. 3 mM DC and 9 mM DC, respectively, pH 12, 298 K) but the preliminary 3 mM DC aggregate is capable of chirally selective solubilization of the binaphthyl enantiomers. Higher-order, secondary bile aggregates of each of CA and DC show significantly degraded chiral selectivity. Diffusion NMR reveals that secondary micelles of CA exclude the BNDHP guests, while secondary micelles of DC accommodate guests, but with a loss of chiral selectivity. These data lead to the hypothesis that secondary aggregates of DC have an exposed binding site, possibly the 7α-edge of a bile dimeric unit, while secondary CA micelles do not present binding edges to the solution, potentially instead exposing the three alcohol groups on the hydrophilic α-face to the solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Meier
- Department of Chemistry , Bucknell University , 1 Dent Drive , Lewisburg , Pennsylvania 17837 , United States
| | - Jenna B Yehl
- Department of Chemistry , Bucknell University , 1 Dent Drive , Lewisburg , Pennsylvania 17837 , United States
| | - Kyle W Eckenroad
- Department of Chemistry , Bucknell University , 1 Dent Drive , Lewisburg , Pennsylvania 17837 , United States
| | - Gregory A Manley
- Department of Chemistry , Bucknell University , 1 Dent Drive , Lewisburg , Pennsylvania 17837 , United States
| | - Timothy G Strein
- Department of Chemistry , Bucknell University , 1 Dent Drive , Lewisburg , Pennsylvania 17837 , United States
| | - David Rovnyak
- Department of Chemistry , Bucknell University , 1 Dent Drive , Lewisburg , Pennsylvania 17837 , United States
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Carolina Soto V, Jofré VP, Galmarini CR, Silva MF. Determination of alkaloids in onion nectar by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1909-15. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claudio Romulo Galmarini
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA); Mendoza Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; Mendoza Argentina
| | - María Fernanda Silva
- Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM-CONICET); Alte; CP Mendoza Argentina
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Hancu G, Simon B, Rusu A, Mircia E, Gyéresi Á. Principles of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography applied in pharmaceutical analysis. Adv Pharm Bull 2013; 3:1-8. [PMID: 24312804 PMCID: PMC3846027 DOI: 10.5681/apb.2013.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 10/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its introduction capillary electrophoresis has shown great potential in areas where electrophoretic techniques have rarely been used before, including here the analysis of pharmaceutical substances. The large majority of pharmaceutical substances are neutral from electrophoretic point of view, consequently separations by the classic capillary zone electrophoresis; where separation is based on the differences between the own electrophoretic mobilities of the analytes; are hard to achieve. Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography, a hybrid method that combines chromatographic and electrophoretic separation principles, extends the applicability of capillary electrophoretic methods to neutral analytes. In micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography, surfactants are added to the buffer solution in concentration above their critical micellar concentrations, consequently micelles are formed; micelles that undergo electrophoretic migration like any other charged particle. The separation is based on the differential partitioning of an analyte between the two-phase system: the mobile aqueous phase and micellar pseudostationary phase. The present paper aims to summarize the basic aspects regarding separation principles and practical applications of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography, with particular attention to those relevant in pharmaceutical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Hancu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Târgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Brigitta Simon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Târgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Aura Rusu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Târgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Eleonora Mircia
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Târgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Árpád Gyéresi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Târgu Mureş, Romania
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Wu CH, Chen TH, Wang GR, Huang KP, Liu CY. Retention Behavior of Highly Hydrophobic, Structurally Related Corticosteroids with SDS Based Microemulsion. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070902768088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hung Wu
- a Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Hsien Chen
- a Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Ren Wang
- a Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Pin Huang
- a Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Ying Liu
- a Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
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Nogueira T, do Lago CL. Determination of caffeine in coffee products by dynamic complexation with 3,4-dimethoxycinnamate and separation by CZE. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:3570-4. [PMID: 17768736 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A method based on the formation of pi-complexes with chlorogenate-like species was proposed for the determination of caffeine in regular (nondecaffeinated) and decaffeinated coffee. Both caffeate and 3,4-dimethoxycinnamate were able to transform caffeine--a neutral species in aqueous solutions--into an anionic species. The usage of 3,4-dimethoxycinnamate in the running electrolyte is advantageous, because of its greater chemical stability and the improved resolution of the peaks of caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline. Negative peaks were registered with a capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector when solutions of these alkylxanthines were analyzed with a BGE composed of 20 mmol/L 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid and pH adjusted to 8.5 with Tris. This behavior was expected, because the complex is larger and thus should move slower than the free anion. Caffeine was determined in ground and instant coffee with precision and accuracy that meet Brazilian norms about such products. The LOD was estimated as 33 mg/L, which corresponds to 0.8 and 0.3 mg of caffeine per gram of dry instant coffee and ground coffee, respectively. For the case of decaffeinated coffee, ten times preconcentration with dichloromethane was carried out to allow the quantitation of caffeine, which should not exceed the concentration of 1 mg/g in dry matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Nogueira
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, CEP 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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8
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Abstract
This paper reviews recent methodological and instrumental advances in MEKC. Improvements in sensitivity arising from the use of on-line sample concentration (sweeping, stacking, and combination of both protocols) and derivatization (in-capillary reactions and coupling with flow-injection systems) and improvements in resolution obtained by changing the composition of the BGE (e.g., with organic modifiers, ionic liquids, nonionic and zwitterionic surfactants, mixed micelles, and vesicles) or using coated capillaries are discussed in detail. In addition, MS and LIF spectroscopy are examined in relation to their advantages and restrictions as applied to MEKC analysis. Some thoughts on potential future directions are also expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Silva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.
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9
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da Costa Silva RG, Augusto F. Sol–gel molecular imprinted ormosil for solid-phase extraction of methylxanthines. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1114:216-23. [PMID: 16616927 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2005] [Revised: 03/20/2006] [Accepted: 03/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A organically modified molecularly imprinted silica (MIS), selective for methylxanthines, was prepared using a simple sol-gel procedure. Caffeine was used as template; 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) as functional monomer and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as reticulating agent. The material was packed on solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges and evaluated with aqueous test samples, natural water and human urine; a quantitative method for methylxanthines in water, using SPE cartridges packed with the MIS coupled with HPLC-UV was developed. The MIS was highly specific for methylxanthines, with an imprinting factor of (20.5+/-1.9). The analytical method resulted in detection limits of 85 microgL(-1) for theobromine, 44 microgL(-1) for theophylline and 53 microgL(-1) for caffeine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Gomes da Costa Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, Campinas State University (Unicamp), CP 6154 - 13084-971 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Regan F, Shakalisava Y. Rapid simultaneous determination of alkylxanthines by CZE and its application in analysis of pharmaceuticals and food samples. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Huang WS, Lin SJ, Wu HL, Chen SH. Simultaneous determination of theophylline and dyphylline by micellar electrokinetic chromatography and application in drug formulations. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 795:329-35. [PMID: 14522037 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(03)00601-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A simple micellar electrokinetic chromatography is described for well resolution of theophylline, dyphylline and caffeine. The separation was performed at 25 degrees C using a background electrolyte consisting of 10mM borate buffer at pH 9 and 40 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as running buffer. Under this condition, good separation with high efficiency and short analyses time required is achieved. Several parameters affecting the separation of the drugs were studied, including the pH and concentrations of the borate buffer and sodium dodecyl sulfate. Using caffeine as an internal standard (I.S.), the linear range of the method for the determination of theophylline and dyphylline was over 0.03-1 micromol ml(-1); the detection limit (signal-to-noise ratio 3; injection 0.3 psi, 3s) was 0.01 and 0.02 micromol ml(-1), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Shan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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