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Castagna A, Csepregi K, Neugart S, Zipoli G, Večeřová K, Jakab G, Jug T, Llorens L, Martínez-Abaigar J, Martínez-Lüscher J, Núñez-Olivera E, Ranieri A, Schoedl-Hummel K, Schreiner M, Teszlák P, Tittmann S, Urban O, Verdaguer D, Jansen MAK, Hideg É. Environmental plasticity of Pinot noir grapevine leaves: A trans-European study of morphological and biochemical changes along a 1,500-km latitudinal climatic gradient. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:2790-2805. [PMID: 28792065 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A 2-year study explored metabolic and phenotypic plasticity of sun-acclimated Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir leaves collected from 12 locations across a 36.69-49.98°N latitudinal gradient. Leaf morphological and biochemical parameters were analysed in the context of meteorological parameters and the latitudinal gradient. We found that leaf fresh weight and area were negatively correlated with both global and ultraviolet (UV) radiation, cumulated global radiation being a stronger correlator. Cumulative UV radiation (sumUVR) was the strongest correlator with most leaf metabolites and pigments. Leaf UV-absorbing pigments, total antioxidant capacities, and phenolic compounds increased with increasing sumUVR, whereas total carotenoids and xanthophylls decreased. Despite of this reallocation of metabolic resources from carotenoids to phenolics, an increase in xanthophyll-cycle pigments (the sum of the amounts of three xanthophylls: violaxanthin, antheraxanthin, and zeaxanthin) with increasing sumUVR indicates active, dynamic protection for the photosynthetic apparatus. In addition, increased amounts of flavonoids (quercetin glycosides) and constitutive β-carotene and α-tocopherol pools provide antioxidant protection against reactive oxygen species. However, rather than a continuum of plant acclimation responses, principal component analysis indicates clusters of metabolic states across the explored 1,500-km-long latitudinal gradient. This study emphasizes the physiological component of plant responses to latitudinal gradients and reveals the physiological plasticity that may act to complement genetic adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Castagna
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Kristóf Csepregi
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 6, 7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Susanne Neugart
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Großbeeren/Erfurt e.V, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979, Großbeeren, Germany
| | | | - Kristýna Večeřová
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, v.v.i, Bělidla 4a, 60300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gábor Jakab
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 6, 7624, Pécs, Hungary
- Research Institute of Viticulture and Oenology, University of Pécs, Pázmány Péter u. 4, 7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tjaša Jug
- Agricultural and Forestry Institute of Nova Gorica, Pri hrastu 18, 5270, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Laura Llorens
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Av. Montilivi s/n, 17071, Girona, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez-Abaigar
- Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, Logroño, La Rioja, 26006, Spain
| | - Johann Martínez-Lüscher
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California Davis Oakville Experiment Station, 1380 Oakville Grade Road, Oakville, CA, 94562, USA
| | - Encarnación Núñez-Olivera
- Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, Logroño, La Rioja, 26006, Spain
| | - Annamaria Ranieri
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Katharina Schoedl-Hummel
- Department of Crop Sciences, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Großbeeren/Erfurt e.V, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Péter Teszlák
- Research Institute of Viticulture and Oenology, University of Pécs, Pázmány Péter u. 4, 7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Susanne Tittmann
- Institute for General and Organic Viticulture, Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Straße 1, 65366, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, v.v.i, Bělidla 4a, 60300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dolors Verdaguer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Av. Montilivi s/n, 17071, Girona, Spain
| | - Marcel A K Jansen
- School of Biological, Environmental and Earth Sciences, University College Cork, College Road, T23 TK30, Cork, Ireland
| | - Éva Hideg
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 6, 7624, Pécs, Hungary
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GC-MS and LC-MS approaches for determination of tocopherols and tocotrienols in biological and food matrices. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 127:156-69. [PMID: 26964480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tocopherols and tocotrienols, widely described as vitamin E derivatives, have been proven to take part in a number of important biological functions. Among them, antioxidant properties had been investigated and documented in the literature. Since tocochromanols have revealed their plausible beneficial impact on several pathological processes, such as cancerogenesis or cognitive impairment diseases, there is a growing interest in quantitative determination of these compounds in biological fluids, tissues and plant organs. However, due to vitamin E chemical features, such as lipophilic and non-polar characteristics, quantitative determination of the compounds seems to be problematic. In this paper we present current analytical approaches in tocopherols and tocotrienols determination in biological and food matrices with the use of chromatographic techniques, especially gas chromatography (GC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with mass spectrometry. Derivatization techniques applied for GC-MS analysis in the case of tocol derivatives, especially silylation and acylation, are described. Significant attention is paid to ionization process of tocopherols and tocotrienols.
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Separation and determination of tocopherols in vegetable oils by solid phase extraction on porous polymers SPE cartridges and capillary gas chromatography analysis. OPEN CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-010-0087-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn this study we present the solid phase extraction selectivity of tocopherols from vegetable oils using four porous polymers (Porapak P, Porapak Q, Porapak QS, Porapak N). The tocopherols elution from SPE cartridges was performed using several hexanes:ethyl acetate mixtures (100:0, 95:5, 90:10, 85:15, v/v). Tocopherols (α, γ and δ-tocopherol) were analyzed by gas chromatography without any derivation steep. The amount of NaOH used for triglyceride removal was optimized. Particularly liquid-liquid and solid phase extraction methods for the extraction of tocopherols from vegetable oils were compared. The results confirmed that porous polymers represent promising SPE alternatives for the extraction of tocopherols from oils.
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8
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Abstract
Vitamin E is known as the most important lipid antioxidant and is widely used to prevent age-associated diseases. Despite increasing knowledge about human vitamin E metabolism, little is known to justify its widespread use. As meta-analyses revealed even harmful effects of high vitamin E doses, a profound understanding of vitamin E metabolism is mandatory. By recent advances in analytical methodology, new metabolites with distinct physicochemical and biological properties were discovered. This review covers current methods to analyze vitamin E metabolites in biological samples. Special emphasis is laid on analytical applications for the identification and quantification of metabolites with a modified hydroxychromanol ring or a truncated side chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Birringer
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
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9
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Gille L, Staniek K, Rosenau T, Duvigneau JC, Kozlov AV. Tocopheryl quinones and mitochondria. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 54:601-15. [PMID: 20169582 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the past, the role of tocopherols and tocopheryl hydroquinones as antioxidants in mitochondria has been examined. However, structural properties of tocopherols and tocopheryl quinones (arrangement of polar/apolar moieties) have also been recognized as being crucial for the selective transport of RRR-alpha-congeners compared with other tocopherols in the cell, suggesting that these properties might be generally important for the binding of vitamin E-related compounds to proteins and enzymes in mitochondria. Therefore, direct modulation of mitochondrial activities, such as bioenergetics, production of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis, not exclusively related to the redox activity of these compounds is increasingly studied. This overview focuses on the influence of alpha-/gamma-tocopheryl quinones and their parent alpha-/gamma-tocopherols on mitochondrial functions, including formation of tocopheryl quinones, their analytical aspects, their potential as alternative substrates and their inhibitory activity for some mitochondrial functions. It is shown that the understanding of how tocopheryl quinones and tocopherols interfere with mitochondrial functions on the molecular level is still incomplete and that a better comprehension requires further research activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Gille
- Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Stout EP, Prudhomme J, Roch KL, Fairchild CR, Franzblau SG, Aalbersberg W, Hay ME, Kubanek J. Unusual antimalarial meroditerpenes from tropical red macroalgae. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:5662-5. [PMID: 20801038 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Three antimalarial meroditerpenes have been isolated from two Fijian red macroalgae. The absolute stereochemistry of callophycolide A (1), a unique macrolide from Callophycus serratus, was determined using a combination of Mosher's ester analysis, circular dichroism analysis with a dimolybdenum tetraacetate complex, and conformational analysis using NOEs. In addition, two known tocopherols, β-tocopherylhydroquinone (4) and δ-tocopherylhydroquinone (5), were isolated from Amphiroa crassa. By oxidizing 5 to the corresponding δ-tocopherylquinone (6), antimalarial activity against the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum was increased by more than 20-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Paige Stout
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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Mendonça CRB, Bica CID, Piatnicki CMS, Simó-Alfonso EF, Ramis-Ramos G. Characterization of hydroxyaromatic compounds in vegetable oils by capillary electrophoresis with direct injection in an oil-miscible KOH/propanol/methanol medium. Electrophoresis 2005; 26:3307-14. [PMID: 16097022 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200410394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The separation of hydroxyaromatic compounds in vegetable oils, including synthetic antioxidants (3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisol and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene), E-vitamers and other natural oil components, by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis in an oil-miscible background electrolyte (BGE) was investigated. The BGE contained 40 mM KOH in a methanol/1-propanol (PrOH) mixture (15:85 v/v). The oil samples were 1:1 diluted with PrOH and directly injected in the capillary. Under negative polarity (cathode at the injection end), the anionic solutes moved faster than the electroosmotic flow, being well-resolved among them and from the triacylglycerols. Using virgin palm, extra virgin olive, wheat germ, virgin soybean and other oils, the capability of the procedure to quickly yield a characteristic profile of the biophenols present in the sample was demonstrated. The alpha-, (beta + gamma)- (as unresolved pair) and delta-tocopherols of a soybean oil sample were quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla R B Mendonça
- Departament de Química Analítica, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
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