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Lomae A, Nantaphol S, Kondo T, Chailapakul O, Siangproh W, Panchompoo J. Simultaneous determination of β-agonists by UHPLC coupled with electrochemical detection based on palladium nanoparticles modified BDD electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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2
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Nardiello D, Palermo C, Natale A, Quinto M, Centonze D. Pulsed amperometric detection at glassy carbon electrodes: A new waveform for sensitive and reproducible determination of electroactive compounds. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 894:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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Xu J, Li Y, Guo J, Shen F, Luo Y, Sun C. Fluorescent detection of clenbuterol using fluorophore functionalized gold nanoparticles based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Xiong H, Guo C, Liu P, Xu W, Zhang X, Wang S. Visual Discrimination of Phenolic Group β2-Agonists and the Ultrasensitive Identification of Their Oxidation Products by Use of a Tyrosinase-Based Catalytic Reaction. Anal Chem 2014; 86:4729-38. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5009139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huayu Xiong
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation
Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education
Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional
Molecules and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Chunhui Guo
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation
Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education
Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional
Molecules and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation
Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education
Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional
Molecules and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation
Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education
Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional
Molecules and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Xiuhua Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation
Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education
Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional
Molecules and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Shengfu Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation
Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education
Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional
Molecules and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
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Ru(phen)32+ doped silica nanoparticle based immunochromatographic strip for rapid quantitative detection of β-agonist residues in swine urine. Talanta 2013; 114:160-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Ultra sensitive microfluidic immunosensor for determination of clenbuterol in bovine hair samples using electrodeposited gold nanoparticles and magnetic micro particles as bio-affinity platform. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 41:211-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Spotorno VG, Tezón JG. Development of an antigen-biotin conjugate with a protein bridge and its application for the development of an enzyme immunoassay. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2011.629314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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8
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Li S, Zhang J, Deng W, Shen X, Song S, Fan C. A Highly Sensitive Amperometric Immunosensor for Clenbuterol Detection in Livestock Urine. ELECTROANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201200166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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9
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Meza-Márquez OG, Gallardo-Velázquez T, Osorio-Revilla G, Dorantes-Álvarez L. Detection of clenbuterol in beef meat, liver and kidney by mid-infrared spectroscopy (FT-Mid IR) and multivariate analysis. Int J Food Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2012.03108.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ofelia G. Meza-Márquez
- Departamento de Graduados e Investigación en Alimentos; Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN; Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col; Santo Tomás; CP; 11340; México, DF
| | - Tzayhrí Gallardo-Velázquez
- Departamento de Biofísica; Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN; Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col; Santo Tomás; CP; 11340; México, DF
| | - Guillermo Osorio-Revilla
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica; Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN; Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col; Santo Tomás; CP; 11340; México, DF
| | - Lidia Dorantes-Álvarez
- Departamento de Graduados e Investigación en Alimentos; Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN; Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col; Santo Tomás; CP; 11340; México, DF
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He P, Shen L, Liu R, Luo Z, Li Z. Direct detection of β-agonists by use of gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric assays. Anal Chem 2011; 83:6988-95. [PMID: 21846151 DOI: 10.1021/ac200769f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
β-Agonists fed to animals for human consumption pose a serious threat to human health. Fast, broad-spectrum detection methods are needed for on-site screening of various types of β-agonists from animal feeds, meats, and animal body fluids. We developed a colorimetric assay that uses gold nanoparticle (AuNP) plasmon absorption to realize quick detection of β-agonists from liquid samples. β-Agonists showed the capability of directly reducing HAuCl(4) into atomic gold, which involved oxidation of the amine or phenol group on the benzene ring of the β-agonists. The resulting atomic gold formed AuNPs spontaneously, which had strong plasmon absorption at 528 nm. The linear relationship between the concentrations of β-agonists and the AuNPs plasmon absorbance granted quantitative determination of β-agonists in solution. The AuNPs colorimetric assay showed different sensitivities toward β-agonists with different substituent groups on the aromatic ring. β-Agonists with phenol groups had a lower limit of quantitation (LOQ) than those with amine groups. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed the sizes of the AuNPs were in the range 15-25 nm, while X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopic data suggested the smaller particles observed in TEM with lower contrast may be salt particles from the buffer solution. The developed colorimetric assay can potentially be used for the detection of β-agonists and their analogues from serum, urine, and other liquid samples in the presence of interference from common antibiotics and glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingli He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Clenbuterol is therapeutically used for the treatment of pulmonary diseases such as bronchial asthma or for tocolytic reasons. In cattle feeding as well as in sports it is illicitly misused due to its anabolic properties to promote muscle growth. Sample preparation procedures and analytical techniques used for the detection of clenbuterol are manifold and vary with the objectives of the investigation. Methods for its detection in biological specimens, drug preparations, the environment, food and feed products are reported. They are mainly based on immunochemical, chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques, or on capillary electrophoresis. Sample preparation primarily includes liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction. Depending on the aim of the method clenbuterol can be determined in single- or multi-analyte methods. In biological and environmental samples concentrations are generally low due to the potency of the drug. Thus, highly sensitive procedures are required for expedient analyses.
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12
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Meza-Márquez OG, Gallardo-Velázquez T, Dorantes-Álvarez L, Osorio-Revilla G, de la Rosa Arana JL. FT-MIR and Raman spectroscopy coupled to multivariate analysis for the detection of clenbuterol in murine model. Analyst 2011; 136:3355-65. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00908c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Determination of salbutamol using R-phycoerythrin immobilized on eggshell membrane surface as a fluorescence probe. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:3015-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3878-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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He P, Wang Z, Zhang L, Yang W. Development of a label-free electrochemical immunosensor based on carbon nanotube for rapid determination of clenbuterol. Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.05.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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15
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Ramos F, González P, Oliveira A, Almeida A, Fente C, Franco C, Cepeda A, da Silveira MIN. OPTIMIZATION OF DIPHASIC DIALYSIS PROCEDURE FOR CLENBUTEROL RESIDUES EXTRACTION IN BOVINE RETINA AND HAIR. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-100001486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Ramos
- a Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Coimbra , Laboratório de Bromatologia, Nutrição e Hidrologia, Coimbra , 3000-295 , Portugal
| | - Pilar González
- b Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Lugo , Universidad de Santiago de Compostela , Lugo , E27002 , Spain
| | - Anabela Oliveira
- a Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Coimbra , Laboratório de Bromatologia, Nutrição e Hidrologia, Coimbra , 3000-295 , Portugal
| | - Alexandra Almeida
- a Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Coimbra , Laboratório de Bromatologia, Nutrição e Hidrologia, Coimbra , 3000-295 , Portugal
| | - Cristina Fente
- b Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Lugo , Universidad de Santiago de Compostela , Lugo , E27002 , Spain
| | - Carlos Franco
- b Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Lugo , Universidad de Santiago de Compostela , Lugo , E27002 , Spain
| | - Alberto Cepeda
- b Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Lugo , Universidad de Santiago de Compostela , Lugo , E27002 , Spain
| | - Maria Irene Noronha da Silveira
- a Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Coimbra , Laboratório de Bromatologia, Nutrição e Hidrologia, Coimbra , 3000-295 , Portugal
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Huang JF, Zhang HJ, Lin B, Yu QW, Feng YQ. Multiresidue analysis of beta-agonists in pork by coupling polymer monolith microextraction to electrospray quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2007; 21:2895-904. [PMID: 17663500 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A novel method of polymer monolith microextraction (PMME) using poly(methacrylic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) monolith combined with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-QTOF MS) was developed for the rapid and sensitive determination of beta-agonists in pork samples. The conditions of PMME were optimized for the improvement of extraction efficiency and reduction of the matrix interferences from pork. Under the optimal condition, the eluate solution allowed direct analysis by mass spectrometry. In the positive ion mode and in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, the limits of detection (LODs) for beta-agonists were found to be 0.08 ng/g (clenbuterol, CLB), 0.18 ng/g (salbutamol, SBTM) and 0.26 ng/g (terbutaline, TBTL) in pork, respectively, with good inter- and intra-day precisions (2-10% for CLB, 11-23% for SBTM and 4-16% for TBTL). The proposed PMME/ESI-QTOF MS method was successfully applied to the determination of beta-agonist residues in thirteen real samples, and the positive samples were confirmed according to the identification points (IPs) system defined by Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. To investigate the matrix effect, the proposed method was compared with PMME-HPLC/ESI-QTOF MS and the slight decrease in sensitivity of PMME/ESI-QTOF MS was ascribed to the inter-analyte ion suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Fang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
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17
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Pulsed Amperometry for Anti-fouling of Boron-doped Diamond in Electroanalysis of β-Agonists: Application to Flow Injection for Pharmaceutical Analysis. SENSORS 2006. [DOI: 10.3390/s6121837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Zhou H, Zhang Z, He D, Hu Y, Huang Y, Chen D. Flow chemiluminescence sensor for determination of clenbuterol based on molecularly imprinted polymer. Anal Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Misl'anová C, Hutta M. Role of biological matrices during the analysis of chiral drugs by liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 797:91-109. [PMID: 14630145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The review article covers advances of chiral drugs analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods achieved during last 10 years. Emphasis is given to various aspects of influence of biological matrix in pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, HPLC analysis. Discussed is composition of main biological matrices from the point of view of potential interferences to above-mentioned fields of study. Beside typical analytical approaches to chiral recognition in HPLC, sample pretreatment and/or clean-up by conventional extraction procedures, column switching (CSW) techniques using restricted access materials (RAMs), microdialysis (MCD) is discussed. Measurement of unbound drug concentration and discussion of column maintenance and remedy is an additional source of information and field where knowledge on complex properties and interactions of biological matrix is usefully applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Misl'anová
- Institute of Preventive and Clinical Medicine, Limbová 14, SK-833 01 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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20
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Bazylak G, Nagels LJ. A novel potentiometric approach for detection of beta-adrenergics and beta-adrenolytics in high-performance liquid chromatography. FARMACO (SOCIETA CHIMICA ITALIANA : 1989) 2003; 58:591-603. [PMID: 12875890 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-827x(03)00096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Potentiometric approach enabling sensitive and reliable detection for a series of 20 autonomic beta-adrenergic ligands with the use of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) based liquid membrane electrode coatings in the normal-bore cation exchange HPLC and narrow-bore reversed phase HPLC system is presented. It was found that in both kinds of HPLC modes with a contemporary hybrid polymer-silica packings an application of electrodes containing a tetrakis(p-chlorophenyl)borate (TCPB) gives limits of detection below to 8.0x10(-7) mol l(-1) (injected concentrations). In case of highly hydrophobic beta-adrenergic drugs the use of binary aqueous mobile phases with high concentrations of acetonitrile (up to 25% v/v) shifting an observable detection limits (DL) down to 2.0x10(-8) mol l(-1), especially for electrodes with addition of trioctylated alpha-cyclodextrin. The characteristics of developed potentiometric detectors was established by proposed a quantitative structure-potentiometric response relationships (QSPRRs) for a series of diversified beta-adrenergic compounds and for a set of the PVC based electrodes using TCPB alone as well as in combination with trioctylated alpha-cyclodextrin, dibenzo-18-crown-6, or calix[6]arene hexaethylester as the neutral macrocycle ionophore. A highly significant QSPRRs equations were obtained leading to reasonable prediction of the DL of specified electrodes in terms of the computationally derived set of molecular descriptors of beta-adrenergics and beta-blocking agents and similar amino alcohol type xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Bazylak
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Medical University, Jagiellonska 13, PL-85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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Zhang X, Gan Y, Zhao F. Determination of clenbuterol in pig liver by high-performance liquid chromatography with a coulometric electrode array system. Anal Chim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(03)00707-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Bazylak G, Nagels LJ. Potentiometric detection of exogenic beta-adrenergic substances in liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2002; 973:85-96. [PMID: 12437166 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)01190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Potentiometric detection with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) based liquid membrane electrode coatings is presented for a series of 18 exogenic beta-adrenergic substances in cation-exchange-HPLC and RP-HPLC systems. In both types of HPLC modes employing hybrid polymer-silica packings we observed that use of tetrakis(p-chlorophenyl)borate (TCPB) containing electrodes yielded limits of detection (DL) down to 10(-7)-10(-8) M (injected concentrations). The use of eluents with high concentrations of acetonitrile (up to 55%) yielded detection limits down to 10(-9) M (injected concentrations). A quantitative structure-potentiometric response activity relationship (QSAR) was developed for the set of beta-adrenergic substances and for a set of PVC-based electrodes using TCPB alone or in admixture with trioctylated alpha-cyclodextrin, dibenzo-18-crown-6, or calix[6]arene hexaethylester. A multiple linear regression model based on a computationally derived set of 14 molecular descriptors allowed prediction of the detection limits of beta-adrenergic substances and other amine substances from their molecular structure.
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Amendola L, Colamonici C, Rossi F, Botrè F. Determination of clenbuterol in human urine by GC-MS-MS-MS: confirmation analysis in antidoping control. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2002; 773:7-16. [PMID: 12015265 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(02)00141-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a GC-MS-MS-MS method for the direct determination of clenbuterol in human urine. The method comprises a pretreatment procedure and the instrumental analysis of the derivatives performed by GC-MS(3) (ion trap) with electron impact ionization. The GC-MS(3) analysis allows isolation and characterization of specific fragments from the original (MS(1)) molecular structure, and in particular, those fragments originating from the precursor ion cluster (m/z=335-337) characteristic of clenbuterol. The MS(2) product fragment m/z=300 is in turn used as a further precursor fragment giving rise to a MS(3) spectrum specific for clenbuterol. MS(4) fragmentation spectra were also investigated. However, further fragmentation of MS(3) product ions does not lead to functional MS(4) spectra nor to any significant increase in the signal-to-noise ratio. The sensitivity limit of the MS(3) technique is lower than 0.2 microg/l, with a linear range between 0.5 and 5 microg/l, thus matching the basic requirements for antidoping analysis according to the guidelines of the International Olympic Committee. Due to its overall analytical performance, the method is presently being evaluated as a confirmation protocol to be followed to detect illicit clenbuterol administration to the athletes, and compared with reference GC-MS and GC-MS-MS techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Amendola
- Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana, Largo Giulio Onesti 1, 00197, Rome, Italy
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López-Erroz C. Determination of clenbuterol in pharmaceutical preparations by reaction with o-phthalaldehyde using a flow-injection fluorimetric procedure. Talanta 2000; 53:47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/s0039-9140(00)00381-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/1999] [Revised: 01/31/2000] [Accepted: 02/11/2000] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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25
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Ramos F, Matos A, Oliveira A, da Silveira MIN. Diphasic dialysis extraction technique for clenbuterol determination in bovine retina by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Chromatographia 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02493629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Sun XX, Aboul-Enein HY. Internal Solid Contact Electrode for the Determination of Clenbuterol in Pharmaceutical Formulations and Human Urine. ANAL LETT 1999. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719908542884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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