1
|
Fu Y, Jin Y, Zhao Y, Shan A, Fang H, Shen J, Zhou C, Yu H, Zhou YF, Wang X, Wang J, Li R, Wang R, Zhang J. Zearalenone induces apoptosis in bovine mammary epithelial cells by activating endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:10543-10553. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-16216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
2
|
Rai A, Das M, Tripathi A. Occurrence and toxicity of a fusarium mycotoxin, zearalenone. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2710-2729. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1655388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Rai
- Food, Drugs and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) CSIR-IITR campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Mukul Das
- Food, Drugs and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) CSIR-IITR campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Anurag Tripathi
- Food, Drugs and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) CSIR-IITR campus, Lucknow, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kalagatur NK, Kamasani JR, Mudili V. Assessment of Detoxification Efficacy of Irradiation on Zearalenone Mycotoxin in Various Fruit Juices by Response Surface Methodology and Elucidation of Its in-vitro Toxicity. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2937. [PMID: 30555450 PMCID: PMC6284055 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruits are vital portion of healthy diet owed to rich source of vitamins, minerals, and dietary fibers, which are highly favorable in keeping individual fit. Unfortunately, these days, one-third of fruits were infested with fungi and their toxic metabolites called mycotoxins, which is most annoying and pose significant health risk. Therefore, there is a need to suggest appropriate mitigation strategies to overcome the mycotoxins contamination in fruits. In the present study, detoxification efficiency of irradiation on zearalenone (ZEA) mycotoxin was investigated in distilled water and fruit juices (orange, pineapple, and tomato) applying statistical program response surface methodology (RSM). The independent factors were distinct doses of irradiation and ZEA, and response factor was a percentage of ZEA reduction in content. A central composite design (CCD) consists of 13 experiments were planned applying software program Design expert with distinct doses of irradiation (up to 10 kGy) and ZEA (1-5 μg). The results revealed that independent factors had a positive significant effect on the response factor. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was followed to fit a proper statistical model and suggested that quadratic model was appropriate. The optimized model concluded that doses of irradiation and ZEA were the determinant factors for detoxification of ZEA in fruit juices. Further, toxicological safety of irradiation mediated detoxified ZEA was assessed in the cell line model by determining the cell viability (MTT and live/dead cell assays), intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), nuclear damage, and caspase-3 activity. The higher level of live cells and MMP, lower extent of intracellular ROS molecules and caspase-3, and intact nuclear material were noticed in cells treated with irradiation mediated detoxified ZEA related to non-detoxified ZEA. The results confirmed that toxicity of ZEA was decreased with irradiation treatment and detoxification of ZEA by irradiation is safe. The study concluded that irradiation could be a potential post-harvest food processing technique for detoxification of ZEA mycotoxin in fruit juices. However, irradiation of fruit juices with high dose of 10 kGy has minimally altered the quality of fruit juices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar Kalagatur
- Toxicology and Immunology Division, DRDO-BU-Centre for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Jalarama Reddy Kamasani
- Freeze Drying and Processing Technology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, India
| | - Venkataramana Mudili
- Toxicology and Immunology Division, DRDO-BU-Centre for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Knutsen HK, Alexander J, Barregård L, Bignami M, Brüschweiler B, Ceccatelli S, Cottrill B, Dinovi M, Grasl-Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom LR, Nebbia CS, Oswald IP, Petersen A, Rose M, Roudot AC, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Vollmer G, Wallace H, De Saeger S, Eriksen GS, Farmer P, Fremy JM, Gong YY, Meyer K, Parent-Massin D, van Egmond H, Altieri A, Colombo P, Horváth Z, Levorato S, Edler L. Risk to human and animal health related to the presence of 4,15-diacetoxyscirpenol in food and feed. EFSA J 2018; 16:e05367. [PMID: 32626015 PMCID: PMC7009455 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
4,15‐Diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) is a mycotoxin primarily produced by Fusarium fungi and occurring predominantly in cereal grains. As requested by the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) assessed the risk of DAS to human and animal health related to its presence in food and feed. Very limited information was available on toxicity and on toxicokinetics in experimental and farm animals. Due to the limitations in the available data set, human acute and chronic health‐based guidance values (HBGV) were established based on data obtained in clinical trials of DAS as an anticancer agent (anguidine) after intravenous administration to cancer patients. The CONTAM Panel considered these data as informative for the hazard characterisation of DAS after oral exposure. The main adverse effects after acute and repeated exposure were emesis, with a no‐observed‐adverse‐effect level (NOAEL) of 32 μg DAS/kg body weight (bw), and haematotoxicity, with a NOAEL of 65 μg DAS/kg bw, respectively. An acute reference dose (ARfD) of 3.2 μg DAS/kg bw and a tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 0.65 μg DAS/kg bw were established. Based on over 15,000 occurrence data, the highest acute and chronic dietary exposures were estimated to be 0.8 and 0.49 μg DAS/kg bw per day, respectively, and were not of health concern for humans. The limited information for poultry, pigs and dogs indicated a low risk for these animals at the estimated DAS exposure levels under current feeding practices, with the possible exception of fattening chicken. Assuming similar or lower sensitivity than for poultry, the risk was considered overall low for other farm and companion animal species for which no toxicity data were available. In consideration of the similarities of several trichothecenes and the likelihood of co‐exposure via food and feed, it could be appropriate to perform a cumulative risk assessment for this group of substances.
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim Y, Kang IJ, Shin DB, Roh JH, Heu S, Shim HK. Timing of Fusarium Head Blight Infection in Rice by Heading Stage. MYCOBIOLOGY 2018; 46:283-286. [PMID: 30294489 PMCID: PMC6171418 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2018.1496637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum causes the devastating plant disease Fusarium head blight and produces mycotoxins on small cultivated grains. To investigate the timeframe of F. graminearum infection during rice cultivation, a spore suspension of F. graminearum was applied to the rice cultivars Dongjin 1 and Nampyeongbyeo before and after the heading stage. The disease incidence rate was the highest (50%) directly after heading, when the greatest number of flowers were present, while only 10% of the rice infected 30 days after heading showed symptoms. To understand the mechanism of infection, an F. graminearum strain expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) was inoculated, and the resulting infections were visually examined. Spores were found in all areas between the glume and inner seed, with the largest amount of GFP detected in the aleurone layer. When the inner part of the rice seed was infected, the pathogen was mainly observed in the embryo. These results suggest that F. graminearum migrates from the anthers to the ovaries and into the seeds during the flowering stage of rice. This study will contribute to uncovering the infection process of this pathogen in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangseon Kim
- Crop Cultivation and Environment Research Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Korea
| | - In Jeong Kang
- Crop Cultivation and Environment Research Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Korea
| | - Dong Bum Shin
- Crop Cultivation and Environment Research Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Roh
- Crop Cultivation and Environment Research Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sunggi Heu
- Crop Cultivation and Environment Research Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyeong Kwon Shim
- Crop Cultivation and Environment Research Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jettanajit A, Nhujak T. Determination of Mycotoxins in Brown Rice Using QuEChERS Sample Preparation and UHPLC-MS-MS. J Chromatogr Sci 2016; 54:720-9. [PMID: 26796964 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmv244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
QuEChERS sample preparation was optimized and validated using solvent extraction with 10% (v/v) acetic acid-containing acetonitrile in the presence of four salts (anh. MgSO4, NaCl, sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate and sodium citrate dibasic sesquihydrate) and dispersive solid-phase extraction with mixed sorbents (octadecylsilane, primary and secondary amine and silica sorbents) for an ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric determination of nine mycotoxins in brown rice: aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2), fumonisins (FB1 and FB2), deoxynivalenol, ochratoxin A and zearalenone (ZON). Our developed method allows for the determination of trace levels of mycotoxins with method detection limits in the range of 1.4-25 µg/kg, below the maximum limits of EU regulations, and with an acceptable accuracy and precision, and recoveries in the range of 81-101% with relative standard deviations of 5-19% over a mycotoxin concentration range of 5.0-1,000 µg/kg. Six out of fourteen real samples of brown rice were found to be contaminated with at least one of these mycotoxins, ranging from 2.49-5.41 µg/kg of FB1, 4.33 ± 0.04 µg/kg of FB2 and 6.10-14.88 µg/kg of ZON.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adisorn Jettanajit
- Chromatography and Separation Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thumnoon Nhujak
- Chromatography and Separation Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand Molecular Sensory Science Center, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mycotoxin Menace in Stored Agricultural Commodities and Their Management by Plant Volatiles: An Overview. Fungal Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27312-9_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
8
|
Sang Y, Li W, Zhang G. The protective effect of resveratrol against cytotoxicity induced by mycotoxin, zearalenone. Food Funct 2016; 7:3703-15. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00191b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA), a non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin, is widely present in cereals and agricultural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiu Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- People's Republic of China
| | - Genyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang D, Geng Z, Yao J, Zhang X, Zhang P, Ma H. Simultaneous determination of deoxynivalenol, and 15- and 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol in cereals by HPLC-UV detection. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2013. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2012.1467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight is an important cereal crop disease, which not only causes yield losses but also mycotoxin contamination in wheat and other cereal grains. Developing an accurate, rapid and efficient assay is critical to minimise the risk of Fusarium mycotoxins for human and animal health. In this study, HPLC with UV detection was used to separate and quantify deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol and 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol in cereals. Samples were extracted with water, and the extracting solution was precipitated by adding an equal volume of ethanol followed by solid-phase extraction. The analytes were separated on a reversed-phase C18 column by a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and 1 mM H3PO4 with gradient elution. 15- and 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol showed effective baseline separation. All analytes were well-resolved from matrix co-extractives and detected at 224 nm. The results showed good linearity of calibration curves (R2 ranged from 0.997 to 0.999) and excellent precision for inter- and intra-day determinations. Average recovery rates for the tested matrices ranged from 71 to 92%. The limits of detection and quantification ranged from 16 to 25 ng/g and 48 to 60 ng/g, respectively. The results indicate that the feasibility and practicality of the presented LC-UV method are excellent and that the method is suitable for routine analysis of DON and its acetyl derivatives in cereal grains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. Yang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling street 50, 210014 Nanjing, China PR
| | - Z.M. Geng
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling street 50, 210014 Nanjing, China PR
| | - J.B. Yao
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling street 50, 210014 Nanjing, China PR
| | - X. Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling street 50, 210014 Nanjing, China PR
| | - P.P. Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling street 50, 210014 Nanjing, China PR
| | - H.X. Ma
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling street 50, 210014 Nanjing, China PR
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Güray T, Tuncel M, Uysal UD, Oncu-Kaya EM. DETERMINATION OF ZEARALENONE BY THE CAPILLARY ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS-UV DETECTION AND ITS APPLICATION TO POULTRY FEED AND CEREALS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.691437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tufan Güray
- a Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry , Eskişehir Osmangazi University , Eskişehir , Turkey
| | - Muzaffer Tuncel
- b Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey
| | - Ulku Dilek Uysal
- c Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey
| | - Elif Mine Oncu-Kaya
- c Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ma L, Xu W, He X, Huang K, Wang Y, Luo Y. Determination of fumonisins B₁ and B₂ in Chinese rice wine by HPLC using AQC precolumn derivatisation. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:1128-1133. [PMID: 22936464 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fumonisins are a group of naturally occurring mycotoxins produced by various Fusarium species that commonly infect maize and other cereals, including sorghum and rice. In this study a sensitive and selective method was developed for the determination of fumonisins B₁ and B₂ (FB₁ and FB₂) in Chinese rice wine. The method is based on high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection following precolumn derivatisation with 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (AQC). RESULTS FB₁ and FB₂ in Chinese rice wine were extracted and purified using strong anion exchange cartridges and derivatised with AQC at room temperature. The AQC derivatives were stable for 5 days. Optimal fluorescence was obtained at an excitation wavelength of 246 nm and an emission wavelength of 390 nm. Chromatography was performed using a C18 column and gradient elution at 1 mL min⁻¹ with methanol and 0.05 mol L⁻¹ phosphate buffer at pH 4. The limit of detection was 6 µg L⁻¹ for both FB₁ and FB₂. The method was successfully applied to the determination of FB₁ and FB₂ in Chinese rice wine, with recoveries of 87.5-94.5% being obtained. CONCLUSION The established method was stable and sensitive for the determination of FB₁ and FB₂ in Chinese rice wine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Ma
- Laboratory of Food safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sebaei AS, Gomaa AM, Mohamed GG, Nour El-Di F. Simple Validated Method for Determination of Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone in Some Cereals Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/ajft.2012.668.678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
13
|
Li J, Jiang G, Yang B, Dong X, Feng L, Lin S, Chen F, Ashraf M, Jiang Y. A luminescent bacterium assay of fusaric acid produced by Fusarium proliferatum from banana. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:1347-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
|
14
|
Majer-Baranyi K, Székács A, Szendrő I, Kiss A, Adányi N. Optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy technique–based immunosensor development for deoxynivalenol determination in wheat samples. Eur Food Res Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-011-1598-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
15
|
Jang MR, Lee CH, Choi IS, Shin CS, Kim JH, Jang YM, Kim DS, Ahn DH. Analysis of Zearalenone Contamination in Cereal-Based Products Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Fluorescence Detector and Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.9721/kjfst.2011.43.2.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
16
|
|
17
|
El Golli Bennour E, Bouaziz C, Ladjimi M, Renaud F, Bacha H. Comparative mechanisms of zearalenone and ochratoxin A toxicities on cultured HepG2 cells: is oxidative stress a common process? ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2009; 24:538-548. [PMID: 19051279 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) and Ochratoxin A (OTA) are structurally diverse fungal metabolites that can contaminate feed and foodstuff and can cause serious health problems for animals as well as for humans. In this study, we get further insight of the molecular aspects of ZEN and OTA toxicities in cultured human HepG2 hepatocytes. In this context, we have monitored the effects of ZEN and OTA on (i) cell viability, (ii) heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 and Hsp 27 gene expressions as a parameter of protective and adaptive response, (iii) oxidative damage, and (iv) cell death pathways. Our results clearly showed that both ZEN and OTA inhibit cell proliferation. For ZEN, a significant induction of Hsp 70 and Hsp 27 was observed. In the same conditions, ZEN generated an important amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Antioxidant supplements restored the major part of cell mortality induced by ZEN. However, OTA treatment downregulated Hsp 70 and Hsp 27 protein and mRNA levels and did not induce ROS generation. Antioxidant supplements did not have a significant effect on OTA-induced cell mortality. Using another cell system (Vero monkey kidney cells), we demonstrated that OTA downregulates three members of HSP 70 family: Hsp 70, Hsp 75, and Hsp 78. Our findings showed that oxidative damage seemed to be the predominant toxic effect for ZEN, while OTA toxicity seemed to be rather because of the absence of Hsps protective response. Furthermore, the two mycotoxins induced an apoptotic cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emna El Golli Bennour
- Laboratory of Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dentistry, Rue Avicenne, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rahmani A, Jinap S, Soleimany F. Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Mycotoxins. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2009; 8:202-251. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2009.00079.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
19
|
Almeda S, Arce L, Benavente F, Sanz-Nebot V, Barbosa J, Valcárcel M. Comparison of off- and in-line solid-phase extraction for enhancing sensitivity in capillary electrophoresis using ochratoxin as a model compound. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 394:609-15. [PMID: 19252901 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2696-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2008] [Revised: 01/29/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper proposes and compares two approaches based on off- and in-line solid-phase extraction (SPE), intended to enhance sensitivity in capillary electrophoresis with ultraviolet detection (CE-UV) using as a model the determination of ochratoxin A (OA) in river water samples. In the off-line SPE mode, the reversed-phase sorbent (octadecilsylane, C(18)) selectively retains the target analyte (OA) and allows large volumes of the sample (70 mL) to be introduced and subsequently eluted in a small volume (0.1 mL) of an appropriate solution. In the in-line SPE mode, a custom-made microcartridge is inserted near the inlet of the capillary, which is filled with the same C(18) sorbent. This solid phase selectively retains OA present in a sample volume as low as approximately 640 microL for subsequent elution with ca. 135 nL of an appropriate eluent. The limit of detection (LOD) obtained with the in-line SPE method was 1 ng L(-1), which is 3 orders of magnitude lower than that obtained with CE-UV and roughly 1 order lower than that provided by the off-line SPE-CE-UV method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Almeda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Almeda S, Arce L, Valcárcel M. Combined use of supported liquid membrane and solid-phase extraction to enhance selectivity and sensitivity in capillary electrophoresis for the determination of ochratoxin A in wine. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:1573-81. [PMID: 18318446 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This paper proposes a novel strategy to enhance selectivity and sensitivity in CE, using supported liquid membrane (SLM) and off-line SPE simultaneously. The determination of ochratoxin A (OA) in wine has been used to demonstrate the potential of this methodology. In the SLM step, the donor phase (either a 20 mL volume of a standard solution at pH 1 or a wine sample at pH 8) was placed in a vial, where a micromembrane extraction unit accommodating the acceptor phase (1 mL water, pH 11) in its lumen was immersed. The SLM was constructed by impregnating a porous Fluoropore Teflon (PTFE) membrane with a water-immiscible organic solvent (octanol). In the off-line SPE step, the nonpolar sorbent (C-18, 4 mg) selectively retained the target ochratoxin, enabling small volumes of acceptor phase (1 mL) to be introduced. The captured analytes were eluted in a small volume of methanol (0.1 mL). This procedure resulted in sample cleanup and concentration enhancement. The method was evaluated for accuracy and precision, and its RSD found to be 5%. The LODs for OA in the standard solutions and wine samples were 0.5 and 30 microg/L, respectively. The results obtained demonstrate that SLM combined with off-line is a good alternative to the use of immunoaffinity columns prior to CE analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Almeda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, Cordoba, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gromadzka K, Waskiewicz A, Chelkowski J, Golinski P. Zearalenone and its metabolites: occurrence, detection, toxicity and guidelines. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2008. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2008.x015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Zearalenone is a mycotoxin produced by some Fusarium species in food and feed. From a global perspective, Fusarium mycotoxins may be considered as metabolites of particular importance to animal health and productivity. The aim of this review is to collect and summarise information concerning the properties of zearalenone, its derivatives and their biotransformation. Data on the occurrence and toxicity of zearalenone and a comparison of analytical methods used in zearalenone identification and quantification will also be discussed. As our awareness and understanding of the risks associated with zearalenone exposure increase, some countries set official or recommended limits in certain commodities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. Gromadzka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Poznan, Poland
| | - A. Waskiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Poznan, Poland
| | - J. Chelkowski
- Institute of Plant Genetics Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - P. Golinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Study of the chemical derivatization of zearalenone and its metabolites for gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of environmental samples. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1190:307-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.02.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2007] [Revised: 02/26/2008] [Accepted: 02/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
23
|
Fink-Gremmels J, Malekinejad H. Clinical effects and biochemical mechanisms associated with exposure to the mycoestrogen zearalenone. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
24
|
Cerveró MC, Castillo MA, Montes R, Hernández E. Determinación de tricotecenos, zearalenona y zearalenoles en alimentos derivados de maíz del mercado español. Rev Iberoam Micol 2007; 24:52-5. [PMID: 17592894 DOI: 10.1016/s1130-1406(07)70013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the main Spanish commercially available trademarks, we have selected a total of 25 samples of corn-based foods, which have the highest consume rate, to carry out the analysis of deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 toxin, zearalenone (ZEA) and zearalenols (ZOL). The contents of mycotoxins were determined by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection, and those of ZEA were confirmed by HPLC with fluorescence detection. Of the 25 analyzed samples, the incidence of DON, ZEA and alfa-ZOL was 68, 44 and 24%, respectively; levels detected ranged from 29-195, 34-216, and 36-71 microg/kg, respectively. T-2 toxin was only detected in one sample (<50 microg/kg). Beta-ZOL was not present in excess of the detection limit in the investigated samples. The results suggest a risk for consumers of corn products and the need to monitor the final products before consumption. This is the first report in Spain on natural contamination with these mycotoxins in corn-based foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Carmen Cerveró
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Area de Microbiología, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera, s/n, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Klötzel M, Lauber U, Humpf HU. A new solid phase extraction clean-up method for the determination of 12 type A and B trichothecenes in cereals and cereal-based food by LC-MS/MS. Mol Nutr Food Res 2006; 50:261-9. [PMID: 16521159 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200500234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A new reliable and cost-efficient solid phase extraction-based clean-up method for the determination of 12 type A and B trichothecenes [deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, fusarenon-X, T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, neosolaniol, monoacetoxy-scirpenol, diacetoxyscirpenol, T-2 triol and T-2 tetraol] in cereals and cereal-based food is presented. Furthermore, the suitability for the simultaneous determination of zearalenone is examined. Toxins were extracted from cereal samples using ACN/water (80/20, v/v), purified by means of a new Bond Elut Mycotoxin column and analyzed via liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Limits of detection were calculated for the matrix wheat and ranged from 0.3 to 5 ng/g, depending on the toxin. Average recovery rates for the tested compounds in seven cereal-based matrices have been determined ranging from 65 to 104%. The relative standard deviations of the complete method ranged from 2.67 (DON, wheat) to 20.0% (T-2 toxin, oats).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Klötzel
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Stuttgart, Fellbach, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hinojo MJ, Medina A, Valle-Algarra FM, Gimeno-Adelantado JV, Jiménez M, Mateo R. Fumonisin production in rice cultures of Fusarium verticillioides under different incubation conditions using an optimized analytical method. Food Microbiol 2006; 23:119-27. [PMID: 16942995 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2005.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2004] [Revised: 03/15/2005] [Accepted: 03/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fumonisin B1 (FB1) and fumonisin B2 (FB2) are the main members of a family of mycotoxins produced by various fungal species belonging to the Gibberella fujikuroi complex. The present work shows the results of a comparative study of various clean-up and derivatization procedures for analysis of fumonisins in rice cultures. Fumonisins were extracted from rice with acetonitrile/water (50/50, v/v). For clean-up, three solid-phase extraction procedures were assayed (C18 cartridge, SAX cartridge, and a combination of both). Two reagents (o-phthaldialdehyde and 4-fluoro-7-nitro-benzofurazan) were studied comparatively for formation of fluorescent derivatives. The separation was carried out by LC using a fluorescence detector. The best procedure for analysis of fumonisins in rice involved clean-up with C18 cartridge and derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde. The limit of detection was 0.010 mg kg(-1) for both toxins. In the 10-500 mg kg(-1) spiking level range, the recovery rates for FB1 and FB2 in rice varied from 94.6% to 103.6% and from 96.3% to 101.9%, respectively. The optimized analytical method for determination of fumonisins in rice was applied to the study of FB1 and FB2 production by four isolates of the G. fujikuroi species complex in rice cultures carried out at different temperatures and water activities to establish the influence of strain and environmental conditions on fumonisin production in this cereal. In general, fumonisin production was the highest at 20 degrees C and lowest at 37 degrees C. Four of the five assayed water activity (aw) values (0.97, 0.98, 0.99, and 1.0) did not affect significantly fumonisin accumulation but fumonisins were not detected in cultures when aw was 0.96.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Hinojo
- Depto. Microbiologia y Ecologia, Facultad de Biologia, Universitat de Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Klötzel M, Schmidt S, Lauber U, Thielert G, Humpf HU. Comparison of Different Clean-Up Procedures for the Analysis of Deoxynivalenol in Cereal-Based Food and Validation of a Reliable HPLC Method. Chromatographia 2005. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-005-0576-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
28
|
Hinojo MJ, Llorens A, Mateo R, Patiño B, González-Jaén MT, Jiménez M. Utility of the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the intergenic spacer region of the rDNA for characterizing Gibberella fujikuroi isolates. Syst Appl Microbiol 2005; 27:681-8. [PMID: 15612625 DOI: 10.1078/0723202042369938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present report, a total of thirty-one isolates of Gibberella fujikuroi (Sawada) Wollenw. species complex of Fusarium (section Liseola) morphologically classified as F. moniliforme according to the taxonomy of Nelson, Toussoun and Marasas (1983) were analyzed for their ability to produce fumonisin B1 and fumonisin B2 by an optimized liquid chromatographic method. They were isolated from three hosts (Zea mays, Musa sapientum and Pinus pinea). The results indicate that M. sapientum is a preferential host for G. fujikuroi isolates with low or null capacity for producing fumonisins, while isolates from Z. mays and P. pinea are generally high fumonisin producers. The molecular characterization of isolates was carried out in parallel using an optimized, simple and low-cost method for isolating DNA from filamentous fungi and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) of the rDNA intergenic spacer (IGS) region. The haplotypes obtained with Hha I enzyme and combinations of Hha I, EcoR I, Alu I, Pst I and Xho I enzymes provided very characteristic groupings of G. fujikuroi isolates as a function of host type and fumonisin B1 and B2 producing capacity. IGS region restriction patterns showed no relationship to isolate geographical origin. This is the first report on this method's capacity to detect polymorphism permitting discrimination between G. fujikuroi isolates from different hosts and with different toxigenic profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María J Hinojo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Drusch S, Aumann J. Mycotoxins in Fruits: Microbiology, Occurrence, and Changes during Fruit Processing. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2005; 50:33-78. [PMID: 16263427 DOI: 10.1016/s1043-4526(05)50002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Drusch
- Institute for Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nuryono N, Noviandi C, Böhm J, Razzazi-Fazeli E. A limited survey of zearalenone in Indonesian maize-based food and feed by ELISA and high performance liquid chromatography. Food Control 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2003.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
31
|
Arranz I, Baeyens WRG, Van der Weken G, De Saeger S, Van Peteghem C. Review: HPLC Determination of Fumonisin Mycotoxins. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2004; 44:195-203. [PMID: 15239373 DOI: 10.1080/10408690490441604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
An overview of liquid chromatographic methods, mainly employing fluorescence detection together with sample pre-treatment methods, is presented for the determination of the toxic group of fumonisin mycotoxins in various matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Arranz
- Ghent University, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Laboratory of Drug Quality Control, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Razzazi-Fazeli E, Böhm J, Jarukamjorn K, Zentek J. Simultaneous determination of major B-trichothecenes and the de-epoxy-metabolite of deoxynivalenol in pig urine and maize using high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 796:21-33. [PMID: 14552813 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(03)00604-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A selective analytical method based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), combined with atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation (APCI-) mass spectrometry (MS), has been developed for simultaneous determination of B-trichothecenes and the major metabolites of deoxynivalenol. The method allows simultaneous analysis of nivalenol (NIV), deoxynivalenol (DON), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-AcDON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-AcDON), fusarenon X (Fus-X) and de-epoxydeoxynivalenol (DOM-1). The method is based on one-step sample clean-up using a multifunctional MycoSep column. A linear gradient mobile phase system, consisting of water:acetonitrile:methanol (H2O:ACN:MeOH) at a flow-rate of 1 ml/min, and a Polar-RP C18 column, were utilised to obtain the best resolution of all tested compounds along with column and equilibrating within 30 min. Dexamethasone (Dex) was used as internal standard. The developed method shows good repeatability for inter- and intra-day precisions as well as good linearity of calibration curves (r2 ranged from 0.9936 to 0.9998). Average recoveries for tested compounds in both matrices have been determined ranging from 63.7 to 102.3% and limit of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 25 to 150 ng/g. The utility and practical impact of the method is demonstrated using contaminated pig urine and maize samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Razzazi-Fazeli
- Institute of Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Llorens A, Mateo R, Mateo JJ, Jiménez M. Comparison of extraction and clean-up procedures for analysis of zearalenone in corn, rice and wheat grains by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array and fluorescence detection. FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS 2002; 19:272-81. [PMID: 11834077 DOI: 10.1080/02652030110081173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was the optimization of some procedures usually used in the analysis of zearalenone (ZEA) in corn and other cereals by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with photodiode array and/or fluorescence detection. The comparison of five extraction solvents is presented. Three solid-phase extraction cartridges (C-18, silica, Florisil) and immuno-affinity columns were also compared to obtain the best recovery of the mycotoxin with the minimal presence of co-extractives in the chromatograms. Mixtures of methanol-1% aqueous NaCl (80.20 or 60:40 v/v) were the best extraction solvents. Florisil provided higher recovery of ZEA than C-18, and silica proved unsuitable. The immuno-affinity column was very efficient in cleaning the extracts, but its sample capacity was lower than that of SPE columns due to saturation. The mobile phase (methanol-water 80:20 v/v) gave a low retention time for ZEA (approximately 5 min), high sensitivity and acceptable separation between this mycotoxin and alpha-zearalenol. The optimized protocol is straightforward, provides high ZEA recoveries in spiked corn (mean 102.4%), has an acceptable sensitivity and has a lack of interference with fluorescence detection (detection limit 4 ng ZEA g(-1) corn). The photodiode array detector was useful, except at very low ZEA levels, to confirm the identity of the mycotoxin. The method was applied to search for ZEA accumulation in corn, wheat and rice grains inoculated with selected strains of Fusarium graminearum, F. oxysporum and method was applied to search for ZEA accumulation in corn, wheat and rice grains inoculated with selected strains of Fusarium graminearum, F. oxysporum and F. culmorum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Llorens
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universitat de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Uchiyama S, Santa T, Okiyama N, Fukushima T, Imai K. Fluorogenic and fluorescent labeling reagents with a benzofurazan skeleton. Biomed Chromatogr 2001; 15:295-318. [PMID: 11507712 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Fluorogenic and fluorescent labeling reagents having a benzofurazan (2,1,3-benzoxadiazole) skeleton such as 4-fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-F), 4-N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl-7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (DBD-F), 4-aminosulfonyl-7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (ABD-F), ammonium 7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonate (SBD-F), 4-hydrazino-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-H), 4-N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl-7-hydrazino-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (DBD-H), 4-nitro-7-N-piperazino-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-PZ), 4-N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl-7-N-piperazino-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (DBD-PZ), 4-(N-chloroformylmethyl-N-methyl)amino-7-N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (DBD-COCl) and 7-N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl-4-(2,1,3-benzoxadiazolyl) isothiocyanate (DBD-NCS) are reviewed in terms of synthetic method, reactivity, fluorescence characteristics, sensitivity and application to analytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Uchiyama
- Laboratory of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Altavilla D, Saitta A, Galeano M, Squadrito G, Marino D, Minutoli L, Calapai G, Deodato B, D'Anna R, Corrado F, Caputi AP, Squadrito F. The phytoestrogen alpha-zearalenol reverses endothelial dysfunction induced by oophorectomy in rats. J Transl Med 2001; 81:125-32. [PMID: 11232633 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.3780219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown recently that alpha-zearalenol, a resorcyclic acid lactone, prevents bone loss in a rat model of postmenopausal bone loss. We have therefore investigated the effects of this phytoestrogen on endothelial dysfunction induced by estrogen deficiency in rats. Female mature Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a bilateral oophorectomy (OVX rats). Sham-operated animals (sham OVX rats) were used as controls. Three weeks after surgery, animals were randomized to the following treatments: alpha-zearalenol (1 mg/kg/day, i.m., for 4 weeks), 17beta-estradiol (20 microg/kg/day, i.m., for 4 weeks), or their vehicle (100 microl, i.m., of cottonseed oil). Two other groups of rats were treated with alpha-zearalenol or 17beta-estradiol plus the pure estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182780 (2.5 mg/kg/day, i.m., for 4 weeks). Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), total plasma cholesterol, plasma estradiol, and plasma alpha-zearalenol were studied. We also investigated endothelial-dependent (acetylcholine, 10 nM to 10 microM) and endothelial-independent (sodium nitroprusside, 15 nM to 30 nM) relaxation of aortic rings, as well as N(G)-methyl-L-arginine (L-NMA: 10 to 100 microM)-induced vasoconstriction and calcium-dependent nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) activity in homogenates of lungs taken from both sham OVX rats and OVX rats. Untreated OVX rats had, compared with sham OVX animals, unchanged body weight, MAP, HR, and plasma cholesterol. In contrast oophorectomy reduced plasma estradiol levels (OVX, 2 +/- 0.5 pg/ml; sham OVX, 35 +/- 6 pg/ml), impaired endothelial-dependent relaxation and blunted L-NMA-induced contraction (L-NMA 100 microM: sham OVX, 2.7 +/- 0.3 g/mg tissue; OVX, 1.3 +/- 0.1 g/mg tissue). Moreover OVX rats showed a reduced calcium-dependent NO synthase (cNOS) activity. Treatment with alpha-zearalenol or with 17beta-estradiol reverted the endothelial dysfunction and increased cNOS activity in lung homogenates. These effects were abolished by the pure estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182780. Our data suggest that alpha-zearalenol improves endothelial-dependent relaxation in OVX rats through an estrogen receptor-mediated effect.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Acetylcholine/pharmacology
- Animals
- Aorta/physiology
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Body Weight/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiology
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Estradiol/analogs & derivatives
- Estradiol/pharmacology
- Estrogen Antagonists/pharmacology
- Estrogens, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Female
- Fulvestrant
- Heart Rate/drug effects
- In Vitro Techniques
- Isoflavones
- Lung/enzymology
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Nitric Oxide Synthase/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III
- Nitroprusside/pharmacology
- Organ Size/drug effects
- Ovariectomy
- Phytoestrogens
- Plant Preparations
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Reference Values
- Uterus/drug effects
- Uterus/physiology
- Zeranol/analogs & derivatives
- Zeranol/pharmacology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Altavilla
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Jiménez M, Rodríguez S, Mateo JJ, Gil JV, Mateo R. Characterization of Gibberella fujikuroi complex isolates by fumonisin B1 and B2 analysis and by RAPD and restriction analysis of PCR-amplified internal transcribed spacers of ribosomal DNA. Syst Appl Microbiol 2000; 23:546-55. [PMID: 11249025 DOI: 10.1016/s0723-2020(00)80029-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Twenty nine isolates of Fusarium spp. (twenty four of them belonging to the Gibberella fujikuroi complex) isolated from banana and corn from different geographical regions were analyzed for their ability to produce fumonisins B1 and B2 and for genetic relatedness using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and restriction analysis of PCR amplification products of the 5.8s ribosomal DNA-intervening internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS I-5.8S-ITS II). For RAPD analysis, six of twenty oligonucleotide primers were selected after testing with five Fusarium spp. isolates and used to characterize 24 additional isolates. DNA fragments from the 29 isolates of Fusarium spp., which were approximately 560 bp, were amplified with the universal primers ITS1 and ITS4. The restriction enzymes HaeIII, MboI, HpaII and MspI were useful for distinguishing the isolates. The RAPD analysis permitted to find interspecific differences among the isolates of Fusarium spp., between isolates with low and high capacity of fumonisin production and among isolates from different hosts. The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP-PCR) analysis permitted to distinguish among different species of Fusarium. In combination with morphological analysis, the results of this research may find an application for the diagnosis of unknown Fusarium spp. and, particularly, for the characterization of fumonisin-producing isolates, which may be very useful in the food technology field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Jiménez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universitat de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Jornet D, Busto O, Guasch J. Solid-phase extraction applied to the determination of ochratoxin A in wines by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2000; 882:29-35. [PMID: 10895930 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00237-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described for the analysis of Ochratoxin A at low microg l(-1) levels in samples of artificially contaminated wines. The method involves solid-phase extraction of samples using octadecylsilane cartridges and an additional preconcentration step prior to chromatography with isocratic elution and fluorimetric detection. The method was evaluated for accuracy and precision with relative standard deviations lower than 10%. Recoveries of ochratoxin A added to commercial wines over the range 0.1-3.0 microg l(-1) were higher than 80% in the assays. The performance of the octadecylsilane cartridge method tested compared very favourably with results of other published studies of ochratoxin A which use immunoaffinity columns or solvent extraction techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Jornet
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica (Unitat d'Enologia, CeRTA), Facultat d'Enologia de Tarragona, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Trichothecenes and fumonisins produced in autoclaved tiger nuts by strains of Fusarium sporotrichioides andFusarium moniliforme. Food Microbiol 2000. [DOI: 10.1006/fmic.1999.0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
39
|
Jiménez M, Mateo JJ, Mateo R. Determination of type A trichothecenes by high-performance liquid chromatography with coumarin-3-carbonyl chloride derivatisation and fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr A 2000; 870:473-81. [PMID: 10722105 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00890-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A method for the analysis of type A trichothecenes T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, neosolaniol and diacetoxyscirpenol by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection using coumarin-3-carbonyl chloride has been developed. Different parameters concerning the analytical procedure such as stability of both the reagent and derivatised analytes, time and temperature of the derivatisation reaction, were studied and optimised. Three different clean-up procedures (solid-phase extraction with silica gel or C-18 cartridges, and liquid-liquid partition between toluene and dihydrogen phosphate buffer) were tested in order to remove the excess reagent peaks. The last procedure gave the best results when the buffer pH was 3-5.5, and is therefore recommended. Separations were performed on a stainless steel LiChrospher 100 C-18 reversed-phase column with pre-column of the same phase. The mobile phase was acetonitrile/water (65:35, v/v) containing 0.75% acetic acid at a flow-rate of 1.0 ml/min. The proposed method provides good separation between the four trichothecenes and good reproducibility (RSD of calibration standards <5%). The limits of detection of the studied trichothecenes at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3:1, with an injection volume of 20 microl were 10 ng/g sample for T-2 toxin and about 15 ng/g sample for the remaining mycotoxins. The calibration curve was linear between 10 and 2000 ng for the four trichothecenes assayed. The method was applied to the analysis of these mycotoxins in fungal cultures (corn and rice) of Fusarium sporotrichioides, and is also perfectly suitable for the quantification of type A trichothecenes in contaminated cereals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Jiménez
- Department of Microbiology and Ecology, University of Valencia, Spain.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|