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Mikaliunaite L, Green DB. Using a 3-hydroxyflavone derivative as a fluorescent probe for the indirect determination of aminothiols separated by ion-pair HPLC. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:2915-2925. [PMID: 34109341 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00499a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Homocysteine, cysteine, cysteinyl-glycine, and glutathione are significant biological aminothiols (ATs) that are marker-molecules in Down syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, or have been implicated as risk factors in atherosclerosis and other vascular diseases, and therefore rapid determination of these molecules is desirable. After reduction of the disulfides, a widely used method utilizes derivatization with ammonium 7-fluorobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole-4-sulfonate (SBD-F) as a fluorogenic probe prior to reversed-phase HPLC separation followed by fluorescence detection. The traditional HPLC determination of ATs is time consuming and economically expensive. We have developed an ion-pair HPLC method coupled with indirect fluorescence detection after post-column reaction with a 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonate derivative of a 3-hydroxyflavone. The accuracy, precision, post-column temperature and residence time, and limit-of-detection were evaluated. Sample throughput and reduced sample preparation time of over an hour for the existing methods to less than 20 minutes for the new method is also demonstrated. No statistical differences in HCy, Cys, or Cys-Gly determinations in plasma samples were observed between our method and the traditional HPLC method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Mikaliunaite
- Department of Chemistry, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA 90263, USA.
| | - David B Green
- Department of Chemistry, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA 90263, USA.
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Vezzoli A, Dellanoce C, Maria Caimi T, Vietti D, Montorsi M, Mrakic-Sposta S, Accinni R. Influence of Dietary Supplementation for Hyperhomocysteinemia Treatments. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1957. [PMID: 32630031 PMCID: PMC7400212 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia is recognized as risk factor for cardiovascular and age-associated diseases. Folic acid supplementation efficiently lowers plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels, but high intake may negatively affect health because of unnatural levels of unmetabolized folic acid in the systemic circulation. Oxoproline (Oxo) provides by glutamic acid production an increase of intracellular folic acid trapping. Aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of three supplementation protocols: (1) traditional therapy (5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate: 15 mg/day); (2) 5 mL/day of Oxo with 300 μg folic acid (oxifolic); (3) 5 mL/day of Oxo alone (magnesio+) in a 90 days randomized trial on thirty-two moderate hyperhomocysteinemic (18.6 ± 2.4 μmol.L-1) patients (age 48 ± 14 yrs). Thiols: cysteine (Cys), cysteinylglycine (Cys-Gly) and glutathione levels were assessed too. Every supplementation induced significant (p range <0.05-0.0001) reductions of Hcy level and Cys concentration after the three protocols adopted. Otherwise glutathione concentration significantly increased after oxifolic (p < 0.01) and traditional (p < 0.05) supplementation. The integration of Oxo resulted an interesting alternative to traditional therapy because absence or minimal number of folates in the integrator eliminates any chance of excess that can constitute a long-term risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Vezzoli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research (IFC-CNR), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy; (A.V.); (C.D.); (R.A.)
| | - Cinzia Dellanoce
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research (IFC-CNR), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy; (A.V.); (C.D.); (R.A.)
| | - Teresa Maria Caimi
- S.S Emostasi, S.C. Ematologia ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy;
| | | | - Michela Montorsi
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Simona Mrakic-Sposta
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research (IFC-CNR), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy; (A.V.); (C.D.); (R.A.)
| | - Roberto Accinni
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research (IFC-CNR), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy; (A.V.); (C.D.); (R.A.)
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Alam SF, Kumar S, Ganguly P. Measurement of homocysteine: a historical perspective. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2019; 65:171-177. [PMID: 31777417 PMCID: PMC6877406 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.19-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated plasma level of homocysteine is being increasingly associated with many diseases. There is a significant interest in the development of methods to determine the total homocysteine in biologically relevant tissues. Over the years, researchers use various methods to determine the exact concentrations of homocysteine in these tissues. However, the precise method used in many studies earlier was questionable. We have reviewed various methodologies for the measurement of homocysteine. We list the commonly used methodologies currently in use to determine homocysteine levels. Through extensive literature search, we have come up with the most popular as well as the newest measurement modalities and listed them with a brief discussion of each of the methodology. In conclusion, we have presented the historical perspective of homocysteine measurement in biological fluids in this manuscript. Thus, the precise understanding of its concentration in biological fluids coupled with its importance in health and disease should justify a newer but reliable technique in the area of ongoing research in homocysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreyoshi Fatima Alam
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, PO Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Santosh Kumar
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, PO Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Paul Ganguly
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, PO Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Beretta A, Accinni R, Dellanoce C, Tonini A, Cardot JM, Bussière A. Efficacy of a Standardized Extract of Prunus mume in Liver Protection and Redox Homeostasis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Phytother Res 2016; 30:949-55. [PMID: 26952142 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of Prunus mume (PM) have previously been demonstrated. This double-blind, placebo-controlled study was designed to evaluate the influence of two doses of a food supplement, made of 150 mg of a standardized PM extract on liver transaminases, lipid profile, glycemia, neopterin and reduced and oxidized thiols in plasma and erythrocytes, during a 3-month treatment period, in healthy subjects with transaminases levels between 20 and 40 UI/L. Forty-five subjects (56.0 ± 11.6 years) were enrolled. The results showed a beneficial and statistically significant effect versus placebo of PM extract on liver function, with a decrease versus baseline in alanine aminotransferase (47%), aspartate aminotransferase (7%), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (15%) and glycemia (11%). The lipid profile modification was also positive with an increase versus baseline in HDL cholesterol (13%), and a decrease in LDL/HDL ratio (12%) and triglycerides (8%). The antioxidant action of PM translated into a decrease in oxidized glutathione, reduced/oxidized cysteine-glycine, oxidized cysteine (intracellular pro-oxidant) and neopterin (inflammation biomarker), was associated with an increase in reduced glutathione. These results are in favor of the use of a standardized extract of P. mume for the support of liver health and prevention of common metabolic and inflammation-based diseases. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Beretta
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Accinni
- National Council of Research (NCR), Institute of Clinical Physiology, CardioThoracic and Vascular Department, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Dellanoce
- National Council of Research (NCR), Institute of Clinical Physiology, CardioThoracic and Vascular Department, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Annamaria Tonini
- National Council of Research (NCR), Institute of Clinical Physiology, CardioThoracic and Vascular Department, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Del Bo' C, Porrini M, Campolo J, Parolini M, Lanti C, Klimis-Zacas D, Riso P. A single blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) portion does not affect markers of antioxidant defence and oxidative stress in healthy volunteers following cigarette smoking. Mutagenesis 2015; 31:215-24. [PMID: 26602318 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gev079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that a portion of blueberries reversed endothelial dysfunction induced by acute cigarette smoking. Since smoking-induced endothelial dysfunction is associated with a condition of oxidative stress, we evaluated whether the observed effect was mediated by modulation of markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant defence. Fourteen out of 16 male healthy smokers previously enrolled, participated in a three-armed randomized controlled study with the following experimental conditions: smoking treatment (one cigarette); blueberry treatment (300g of blueberries) + smoking (one cigarette); control treatment (300ml of water with sugar) + smoking (one cigarette). The cigarette was smoked 100min after blueberry/control/water consumption. Each treatment was separated by 1 week of washout period. Plasma vitamin (C, B12 and folate) and aminothiol concentrations, endogenous [formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (FPG)-sensitive sites] and oxidatively induced DNA damage (resistance to H2O2-induced DNA damage) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were measured at baseline and 20, 60, 90, 120min and 24h after smoking. On the whole, analysis of variance did not show a significant effect of treatment on the modulation of markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant defence but revealed an effect of time for plasma concentrations of vitamin C (P = 0.003), B12 (P < 0.001), folate (P < 0.001), total cysteine (P = 0.007) and cysteine-glycine (P = 0.010) that increased following the three treatments after smoking. No significant effect of treatment was observed for the levels of FPG-sensitive sites (P > 0.05) and H2O2-induced DNA damage (P > 0.05) in PBMCs. In conclusion, the consumption of a single blueberry portion failed to modulate markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant defence investigated in our experimental conditions. Further studies are necessary to elucidate this finding and help clarifying the mechanisms of protection of blueberries against smoking-induced endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jonica Campolo
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Piazzale Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Parolini
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Piazzale Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Dorothy Klimis-Zacas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Maine, 232 Hitchner Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA
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Madasamy T, Santschi C, Martin OJF. A miniaturized electrochemical assay for homocysteine using screen-printed electrodes with cytochrome c anchored gold nanoparticles. Analyst 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an00752f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical point-of-care analysis of homocysteine in a drop of the blood plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangamuthu Madasamy
- Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory (NAM)
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL)
- CH-1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Christian Santschi
- Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory (NAM)
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL)
- CH-1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Olivier J. F. Martin
- Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory (NAM)
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL)
- CH-1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
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7
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Eksin E, Erdem A. Electrochemical Determination of Homocysteine at Disposable Graphite Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Dellanoce C, Cozzi L, Zuddas S, Pratali L, Accinni R. Determination of different forms of aminothiols in red blood cells without washing erythrocytes. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 28:327-31. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Dellanoce
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, CardioThoracic and Vascular Department; Niguarda Ca’ Granda Hospital; Milan Italy
| | - Lorena Cozzi
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, CardioThoracic and Vascular Department; Niguarda Ca’ Granda Hospital; Milan Italy
| | - Stefania Zuddas
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, CardioThoracic and Vascular Department; Niguarda Ca’ Granda Hospital; Milan Italy
| | | | - Roberto Accinni
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, CardioThoracic and Vascular Department; Niguarda Ca’ Granda Hospital; Milan Italy
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Campolo J, De Maria R, Mariotti C, Tomasello C, Parolini M, Frontali M, Inzitari D, Valenti R, Federico A, Taroni F, Parodi O. Is the oxidant/antioxidant status altered in CADASIL patients? PLoS One 2013; 8:e67077. [PMID: 23799141 PMCID: PMC3682996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The altered aggregation of proteins in non-native conformation is associated with endoplasmic reticulum derangements, mitochondrial dysfunction and excessive production of reactive oxygen species. Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a rare hereditary systemic vasculopathy, caused by NOTCH3 mutations within the receptor extracellular domain, that lead to abnormal accumulation of the mutated protein in the vascular wall. NOTCH3 misfolding could cause free radicals increase also in CADASIL. Aim of the study was to verify whether CADASIL patients have increased oxidative stress compared to unrelated healthy controls. We enrolled 15 CADASIL patients and 16 gender- and age-matched healthy controls with comparable cardiovascular risk factor. Blood and plasma reduced and total aminothiols (homocysteine, cysteine, glutathione, cysteinylglycine) were measured by HPLC and plasma 3-nitrotyrosine by ELISA. Only plasma reduced cysteine (Pr-Cys) and blood reduced glutathione (Br-GSH) concentrations differed between groups: in CADASIL patients Br-GSH levels were higher (p = 0.019) and Pr-Cys lower (p = 0.010) than in controls. No correlation was found between Br-GSH and Pr-Cys either in CADASIL patients (rho 0.25, P = 0.36) or in controls (rho -0.15, P = 0.44). Conversely, 3-nitrotyrosine values were similar in CADASIL and healthy subjects (p = 0.82). The high levels of antioxidant molecules and low levels of oxidant mediators found in our CADASIL population might either be expression of an effective protective action against free radical formation at an early stage of clinical symptoms or they could suggest that oxidative stress is not directly involved in the pathogenesis of CADASIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonica Campolo
- Community Networking Resources Institute of Clinical Physiology, Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy.
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10
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Hyperhomocysteinemia in patients with Crohn's disease. Tech Coloproctol 2013; 17:497-500. [PMID: 23471541 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-013-0992-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thromboembolic complications have been reported in patients with Crohn's disease. Among the contributing factors, hyperhomocysteinemia has been described, although controversial data exist. The aim of our study was to assess the incidence of hyperhomocysteinemia in a nonselected group of patients with Crohn's disease and to determine whether it might represent a risk marker for thrombosis in such patients. METHODS Fifty consecutive patients were recruited, and clinical and laboratory variables were compared between those without and those with hyperhomocysteinemia. In the latter, gene mutations in N5-N10-methyltetrahydrofolate reductase were searched for, and clinical and laboratory variables were related to hyperhomocysteinemia. The presence/absence of thrombotic episodes in both groups was determined. RESULTS Both groups had similar clinically active disease, with higher C-reactive protein values found in those with hyperhomocysteinemia. Hyperhomocysteinemia was found in 46 % of patients. Of these, 74 % had moderate, 13 % intermediate, and 13 % severe increase in serum homocysteine levels. No relationship was found between homocysteine levels, and age, vitamin B12 levels, folic acid levels, Crohn's Disease Activity Index score, and CRP values. Gene mutations were found in 5 (22 %) patients, 2 homozygotes and 3 heterozygotes. None of the patients with or without hyperhomocysteinemia had episodes of venous or arterial thrombosis, or stroke. CONCLUSIONS Hyperhomocysteinemia is frequent in patients with Crohn's disease, and it could be a cofactor for the pathogenesis of thrombotic episodes.
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Valente A, Bronze MR, Bicho M, Duarte R, Costa HS. Validation and clinical application of an UHPLC method for simultaneous analysis of total homocysteine and cysteine in human plasma. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:3427-33. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Valente
- Department of Food and Nutrition; National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge; Lisbon Portugal
| | - Maria Rosário Bronze
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Lisbon; Lisbon Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica; Oeiras Portugal
| | - Manuel Bicho
- Genetics Laboratory; Faculty of Medicine; University of Lisbon; Lisbon Portugal
- Instituto Rocha Cabral; Lisboa Portugal
| | - Rui Duarte
- Portuguese Diabetes Association; Lisbon Portugal
| | - Helena Soares Costa
- Department of Food and Nutrition; National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge; Lisbon Portugal
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Ferin R, Pavão ML, Baptista J. Methodology for a rapid and simultaneous determination of total cysteine, homocysteine, cysteinylglycine and glutathione in plasma by isocratic RP-HPLC. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 911:15-20. [PMID: 23217300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in the plasma aminothiols levels can be considered as important biomarkers for the diagnosis and screening of several human disorders, namely cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to optimize a rapid, sensitive and accurate RP-HPLC methodology with fluorescence detection, for the simultaneous determination of the total concentrations of cysteine, homocysteine, cysteinylglycine and glutathione in blood plasma, as well as its application to the evaluation of those thiols levels in plasma of a group of Azorean subjects. Aminothiols were reduced with tri-n-butylphosphine and derivatized with a thiol-specific fluorogenic reagent ammonium 7-fluorobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole-4-sulphonate. The thiols adducts were separated by an isocratic elution on a Platinum EPS C18 analytical column (53mm×7mm I.D., 3μm) using a phosphate buffer containing 4% of acetonitrile as a mobile phase. Results indicated an excellent linearity for all the analytes over their respective concentration ranges with correlation coefficients (r(2)) ≥0.99. The LOD for the four plasma thiols was lower than 0.10μmol/L, while LOQ varied from 0.5 to 15μmol/L. For both intra- and inter-day precision, the RSD (%) values were lower than 1.9%, and the CV (%) values were found under 0.5%. The recovery ranged from 92% to 100% indicating a high degree of the method's accuracy. This method allows a simultaneous, complete analysis of the four plasma aminothiols and the internal standard in 6min. By reducing the total run time, a larger number of analysis can be performed daily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Ferin
- Department of Technological Sciences and Development, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal.
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De Chiara B, Sedda V, Parolini M, Campolo J, De Maria R, Caruso R, Pizzi G, Disoteo O, Dellanoce C, Corno AR, Cighetti G, Parodi O. Plasma total cysteine and cardiovascular risk burden: action and interaction. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:303654. [PMID: 22593672 PMCID: PMC3346700 DOI: 10.1100/2012/303654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that redox analysis could provide sensitive markers of the oxidative pathway associated to the presence of an increasing number of cardiovascular risk factors (RFs), independently of type. We classified 304 subjects without cardiovascular disease into 4 groups according to the total number of RFs (smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, hyperhomocysteinaemia, diabetes, obesity, and their combination). Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring plasma total and reduced homocysteine, cysteine (Cys), glutathione, cysteinylglycine, blood reduced glutathione, and malondialdehyde. Twenty-seven percent of subjects were in group 0 RF, 26% in 1 RF, 31% in 2 RF, and 16% in ≥3 RF. By multivariable ordinal regression analysis, plasma total Cys was associated to a higher number of RF (OR = 1.068; 95% CI = 1.027–1.110, P = 0.002). Total RF burden is associated with increased total Cys levels. These findings support a prooxidant effect of Cys in conjunction with RF burden, and shed light on the pathophysiologic role of redox state unbalance in preclinical atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta De Chiara
- CNR Clinical Physiology Institute and Cardiovascular Department, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, 20162 Milan, Italy
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Lee JY, Sim HJ, Kwon HJ, Lee YM, Yoon HR, Hong SP. Methionine/galactose ratio on newborn blood spots useful for reduction of false positives for homocystinuria and galactosemia by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. Clin Chim Acta 2012; 413:182-6. [PMID: 21951896 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methionine (Met) in blood and urine is a useful diagnostic marker for homocystinuria (HCU). However, galactosemia could be misdiagnosed as HCU when Met is used as the sole marker, since elevated excretion of Met presents in both galactosemia and HCU. Use of a more specific diagnostic marker in addition to Met is therefore necessary for reduction of false positive results for HCU as well as confirmative diagnosis of HCU. METHODS Chromatographic separation was performed using an anion-exchange column. The levels of Met and galactose (Gal) on blood were measured and Met/Gal ratios were calculated from blood spot samples from 300 normal volunteers, eight galactosemia patients, and three HCU patients. RESULTS The Met/Gal ratio ranged 0-4.95 for normal blood spots (n=300), 0-0.22 for galactosemia samples (n=8), and >1250 for HCU patient samples. CONCLUSIONS Separation, extraction, and deproteinization procedures were established for Met and Gal in blood spots. And Met/Gal ratio allowed HCU to clearly distinguish from galactosemia. As a way of second tier confirmative analysis, the ratio is the best way to reduce false positives. The assay is most appropriate to reduce false positives in labs that do not screen for galactosemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ye Lee
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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Casella G, Bassotti G, Villanacci V, Bella CD, Pagni F, Corti GL, Sabatino G, Piatti M, Baldini V. Is hyperhomocysteinemia relevant in patients with celiac disease? World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:2941-4. [PMID: 21734805 PMCID: PMC3129508 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i24.2941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 11/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate whether this might be related to the presence of hyperhomocysteinemia.
METHODS: From January 1998 to December 2008, we evaluated the presence of hyperhomocysteinemia in a series of 165 adult celiac disease (CD) patients (138 females and 27 males, mean age 43 years).
RESULTS: Hyperhomocysteinemia was evident in 32 patients (19.3%), although most of them had moderate levels (mean value 25 mcg/ml; range 15-30). Only one patient had a history of myocardial infarction (heterozygosis for N5-N10-metil tetrahydrofolate reductase mutation).
CONCLUSION: The systematic assessment of hyperhomocysteinemia seems, at present, unjustified in CD patients.
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Khan A, Khan MI, Iqbal Z, Shah Y, Ahmad L, Nazir S, Watson DG, Khan JA, Nasir F, Khan A, Ismail. A new HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid and aminothiols in human plasma and erythrocytes using electrochemical detection. Talanta 2011; 84:789-801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Campolo J, De Chiara B, Caruso R, De Maria R, Sedda V, Dellanoce C, Parolini M, Cighetti G, Penco S, Baudo F, Parodi O. Methionine challenge paradoxically induces a greater activation of the antioxidant defence in subjects with hyper- vs. normohomocysteinemia. Free Radic Res 2009; 40:929-35. [PMID: 17015272 DOI: 10.1080/10715760600801280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To determine whether hyperhomocysteinemia induced post-methionine loading (PML) is associated with different response in the aminothiol redox state and oxidative stress vs. normohomocysteinemia, we assessed PML plasma thiols, vitamins, free malondialdehyde (MDA), and blood reduced glutathione (GSH) in 120 consecutive subjects (50 [35-56] years, 83 males), divided into two groups according to PML plasma total Hcy < 35 microM (Group 1, n = 65) or > or = 35 microM (Group 2, n = 55). In the group as a whole, plasma reduced cysteine and cysteinylglycine, blood reduced GSH (all p for time = 0.0001) and plasma total GSH (p for time = 0.001) increased from baseline to PML. MDA values were unchanged. Group 1 and 2 differed in blood reduced GSH (p for group = 0.004, higher in Group 2), and MDA levels (p for group = 0.024, lower in Group 2). The oxidative stress induced by methionine challenge seems to be opposed by scavenger molecules activation, namely GSH, and lipid peroxidation does not increase. This mechanism paradoxically appears to be more efficient in hyperhomocysteinemic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonica Campolo
- CNR Clinical Physiology Institute, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Cardiology Department, Milan, Italy
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Sedda V, De Chiara B, Parolini M, Caruso R, Campolo J, Cighetti G, De Maria R, Sachero A, Donato L, Parodi O. Plasma glutathione levels are independently associated with gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in subjects with cardiovascular risk factors. Free Radic Res 2008; 42:135-41. [PMID: 18297606 DOI: 10.1080/10715760701836821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
To investigate whether GGT (gamma-glutamyltransferase) is associated to specific redox patterns. GGT, total and reduced aminothiols and malondialdehyde, were measured in 150 subjects (83 males, 48 (39-56) years), with none, one or more risk factors. By univariable analysis GGT was positively associated with age (p =0.001), male gender (p <0.001), risk factor number (p <0.001), ACE-inhibitors (p =0.008), anti-platelet agents (p =0.029), atherothrombotic events (p =0.001), glucose (p =0.013), malondialdehyde (p =0.029), plasma total cysteine (p =0.046) and inversely associated with plasma total glutathione (p =0.001). By multivariable analysis only male gender (p <0.001), risk factor number (p <0.001) and glutathione (p <0.001) were independently associated with GGT activity. These findings suggest that an ongoing redox imbalance, in terms of decreased plasma glutathione, is associated with raised GGT activity in subjects with a greater risk factor burden.
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Campolo J, Caruso R, De Maria R, Parolini M, Oliva F, Roubina E, Cighetti G, Frigerio M, Vitali E, Parodi O. Aminothiol redox alterations in patients with chronic heart failure of ischaemic or non-ischaemic origin. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2008; 8:1024-8. [PMID: 18163014 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0b013e3281053a63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress plays a role in the progression of chronic heart failure (CHF), but whether and how ischaemic heart disease (IHD) or non-IHD aetiology may account for differential redox alterations is currently unclear. We assessed the relation between thiol redox state and lipid peroxidation, as a marker of oxidative stress, in patients with CHF of ischaemic or non-ischaemic origin. METHODS Blood reduced glutathione, plasma total and reduced cysteine, cysteinylglycine, homocysteine, glutathione, plasma alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and free malondialdehyde were assessed in 43 CHF heart transplant candidates (24 IHD and 19 non-IHD) and 30 controls matched for age, gender and number of atherosclerotic risk factors. RESULTS Reduced cysteine was increased in CHF patients compared with controls. The highest levels were found in IHD versus non-IHD patients versus controls. Malondialdehyde levels were significantly higher in IHD patients than in controls, whereas antioxidant vitamins did not differ among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS Specific abnormalities in the thiol pattern are associated with heart failure aetiology in CHF patients. Our findings point to the possible role of reduced cysteine in the progression of chronic IHD to heart failure status, as an additional pro-oxidant stimulus for worsening oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonica Campolo
- CNR Clinical Physiology Institute of Milan, Cardiology Department, Niguarda Ca Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Campolo J, De Maria R, Caruso R, Accinni R, Turazza F, Parolini M, Roubina E, De Chiara B, Cighetti G, Frigerio M, Vitali E, Parodi O. Blood glutathione as independent marker of lipid peroxidation in heart failure. Int J Cardiol 2007; 117:45-50. [PMID: 16884794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2005] [Revised: 01/12/2006] [Accepted: 04/27/2006] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aminothiols have a critical function as intracellular redox buffers and constitute furthermore an important extracellular redox system. Lipid peroxidation is increased in chronic heart failure (CHF), but the contribution of each thiol to oxidative stress in this syndrome has not been evaluated. AIM To assess the correlation between blood and plasma concentrations of aminothiols and lipid peroxidation as marker of oxidative stress in CHF patients. METHODS Blood reduced glutathione (GSH), plasma total and reduced cysteine, cysteinylglycine, homocysteine, GSH, alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and free malondialdehyde (MDA) were assessed in samples obtained from 26 CHF heart transplant candidates and 26 age- and gender-matched controls with atherosclerotic risk factors and no history of cardiovascular disease. Results are expressed as median and interquartile range (I-III). RESULTS MDA levels were significantly higher in CHF patients than in controls [1.03 (0.56-1.60) microM vs. 0.70 (0.40-0.83) microM, p=0.006]. Blood reduced GSH concentrations were significantly higher [662 (327-867) microM vs. 416 (248-571) microM, p=0.016], while alpha-tocopherol levels were significantly lower [15 (13-19) microM vs. 21 (17-32) microM, p=0.001] in CHF patients than in controls. By multivariate logistic regression analysis, the only independent predictors of lipid peroxidation, as expressed by MDA levels > or = 1.00 microM, were increased blood GSH concentrations (OR 1.003 per unit, 95% CI 1.001 to 1.006, p=0.008), ischemic (OR 20, 95% CI 2.6 to 155, p=0.004) and non ischemic CHF etiology (OR 11, 95% CI 1.3 to 99, p=0.026). CONCLUSIONS Abnormalities in intracellular GSH cycling are associated to increased lipid peroxidation in CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonica Campolo
- CNR Clinical Physiology Institute-Milan, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, P.zza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162, Milan, Italy
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De Chiara B, Mafrici A, Campolo J, Famoso G, Sedda V, Parolini M, Cighetti G, Lualdi A, Fiorentini C, Parodi O. Low plasma glutathione levels after reperfused acute myocardial infarction are associated with late cardiac events. Coron Artery Dis 2007; 18:77-82. [PMID: 17301597 DOI: 10.1097/01.mca.0000236294.32672.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clarify whether an altered redox state persists in the subacute phase of myocardial infarction and if specific redox patterns are associated with later cardiac events. METHODS Ninety-seven patients [80 men, median 63 (interquartile range, 53, 69) years] with a first acute myocardial infarction, with (53%) or without ST segment elevation, treated with successful percutaneous interventions, were tested at 5-6 days after admission for plasma alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, total and reduced homocysteine, cysteine, glutathione, cysteinylglycine and blood-reduced glutathione, all assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Free malondialdehyde was evaluated by gas chromatography. A subgroup of 14 patients had adjunctive blood samples within 1 h and at 72 h after angioplasty. Blood samples from 44 patients matched for age, sex, and risk factors served as controls. Patients were followed up for median 15 (interquartile range, 9, 17) months for cardiac events. RESULTS All plasma-reduced aminothiols, vitamins and plasma total glutathione were significantly lower in myocardial infarction at 5-6 days than in controls. In the 14 myocardial infarction patients sampled repeatedly, plasma-reduced glutathione, cysteinylglycine, total glutathione, and alpha-tocopherol significantly decreased, whereas blood-reduced glutathione, total homocysteine, and cysteine significantly increased over time. During follow-up, 20 of 97 (21%) patients had adverse cardiac events. Multivariate analysis revealed that only plasma-reduced glutathione was independently associated with events (hazard ratio 0.42, 95% confidence interval 0.18-0.99, P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS Acute myocardial infarction patients have an altered redox state at 5-6 days after successful reperfusion with respect to controls. Low plasma levels of reduced glutathione at discharge are associated with cardiac events at follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta De Chiara
- CNR Clinical Physiology Institute, Cardiology Department, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, and Monzino Cardiology Center IRCCS, Department of Preclinic Sciences LITA Vialba, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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van Vliet T, Jacobs RGJM, de Deckere E, van den Berg H, de Bree A, van der Put NMJ. Effect of fortified spread on homocysteine concentration in apparently healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Nutr 2006; 61:769-78. [PMID: 17151589 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of folic acid, vitamin B(6) and B(12) fortified spreads on the blood concentrations of these vitamins and homocysteine. DESIGN AND SETTING A 6-week randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel trial carried out in a clinical research center. SUBJECTS One hundred and fifty healthy volunteers (50% males). INTERVENTIONS For 6 weeks, the subjects consumed the test spreads (20 g/day): containing per 20 g (1) 200 microg folic acid, 2 microg vitamin B(12) and 1 mg vitamin B(6), or (2) 400 microg folic acid, 2 microg vitamin B(12) and 1 mg vitamin B(6) or (3) no B-vitamins (control spread). RESULTS The B-vitamin status increased on using the test spreads, with the largest effect on the serum folate concentration: 48% in men and 58% in women on spread 1 and 92 and 146%, respectively, on spread 2 (P-values all <0.05). The plasma homocysteine decreased in the groups treated with the fortified spreads as compared to the control group. Average decreases were for males: 0.7+/-1.5 micromol/l (6.8%) on spread 1 and 1.7+/-1.7 micromol/l (17.6%) on spread 2 and for females: 1.4+/-1.2 micromol/l (14.2%) and 2.4+/-2.0 micromol/l (23.3%), respectively (P-values all <0.05). CONCLUSIONS Consumption of a spread fortified with folic acid, vitamin B(6) and vitamin B(12) for 6 weeks significantly increases the blood concentrations of these vitamins and significantly decreases the plasma concentration of homocysteine. Fortified staple foods like spreads can contribute to the lowering of homocysteine concentrations.
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Todorović Z, Dzoljić E, Novaković I, Mirković D, Stojanović R, Nesić Z, Krajinović M, Prostran M, Kostić V. Homocysteine serum levels and MTHFR C677T genotype in patients with Parkinson's disease, with and without levodopa therapy. J Neurol Sci 2006; 248:56-61. [PMID: 16774768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2006.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Both methylenetetrahydrofolate (MTHFR) C677T genotype and levodopa treatment may give rise to elevated serum homocysteine levels in parkinsonian patients. We aimed to clarify the interplay of these factors in pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD)-related hyperhomocysteinemia. Total serum levels of homocysteine (tHcy) and MTHFR C677T genotype were investigated in levodopa-treated and -untreated parkinsonian ("de novo") patients, as well as in control healthy subjects matched by age and gender (N=83, 30 and 53, respectively). MTHFR C677T genotypes were equally distributed in PD patients and control subjects, the T allele homozygosity being observed in app. 12-17% cases. tHcy concentrations were significantly higher in both levodopa-treated and -untreated PD patients than in control subjects, and in TT homozygotes than in CT or CC genotype carriers. tHcy levels significantly correlated with the duration of the disease in PD treated patients only, reaching the maximum after 3-6 years. However, there was no correlation between tHcy levels and total daily intake of levodopa in the same group of PD patients. In conclusion, MTHFR C677T genotype is a significant factor for hyperhomocysteinemia in patients with PD, levodopa-untreated and probably even more in levodopa-treated PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Todorović
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 840, ul. Dr. Subotića 1, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro.
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Parodi O, De Chiara B, Baldassarre D, Parolini M, Caruso R, Pustina L, Parodi G, Campolo J, Sedda V, Baudo F, Sirtori C. Plasma cysteine and glutathione are independent markers of postmethionine load endothelial dysfunction. Clin Biochem 2006; 40:188-93. [PMID: 17056026 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2006.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2006] [Revised: 08/23/2006] [Accepted: 08/25/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oxidative stress caused by acute hyperhomocysteinemia impairs endothelial function in human arteries. We sought to identify markers of endothelial dysfunction during methionine-induced hyperhomocysteinemia. DESIGN AND METHODS 35 subjects underwent flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery by high-resolution ultrasonography and fasting blood samples before and 3 h postmethionine load (PML). Clinical, conventional biochemical, and redox status (plasma total and reduced homocysteine, glutathione, cysteine, cysteinylglycine, ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol, free malondialdehyde, blood glutathione) data were sequentially entered into an univariate and multivariate stepwise linear regression analysis to evaluate their relation with the dependent variable FMD. RESULTS Median [interquartile range] FMD decreased from 4.1% [2.8-6.3] to 3.2% [0.7-4.3] PML (P=0.02). At the multivariate analysis PML total cysteine (beta=-0.008, P=0.002) and glutathione (beta=0.21, P=0.005) were the only independent variables associated with FMD after methionine, adjusted for baseline FMD. CONCLUSIONS Elevated plasma total cysteine and decreased plasma total glutathione levels were associated with abnormal FMD PML. Cysteine and glutathione are stronger markers of endothelial dysfunction than clinical and all other biochemical variables explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oberdan Parodi
- CNR Clinical Physiology Institute-Milan, Department of Cardiology, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy.
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Pecora F, Gualeni B, Forlino A, Superti-Furga A, Tenni R, Cetta G, Rossi A. In vivo contribution of amino acid sulfur to cartilage proteoglycan sulfation. Biochem J 2006; 398:509-14. [PMID: 16719839 PMCID: PMC1559448 DOI: 10.1042/bj20060566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic sulfate for sulfation reactions may be derived either from extracellular fluids or from catabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids and other thiols. In vitro studies have pointed out the potential relevance of sulfur-containing amino acids as sources for sulfation when extracellular sulfate concentration is low or when its transport is impaired such as in DTDST [DTD (diastrophic dysplasia) sulfate transporter] chondrodysplasias. In the present study, we have considered the contribution of cysteine and cysteine derivatives to in vivo macromolecular sulfation of cartilage by using the mouse model of DTD we have recently generated [Forlino, Piazza, Tiveron, Della Torre, Tatangelo, Bonafe, Gualeni, Romano, Pecora, Superti-Furga et al. (2005) Hum. Mol. Genet. 14, 859-871]. By intraperitoneal injection of [35S]cysteine in wild-type and mutant mice and determination of the specific activity of the chondroitin 4-sulfated disaccharide in cartilage, we demonstrated that the pathway by which sulfate is recruited from the intracellular oxidation of thiols is active in vivo. To check whether cysteine derivatives play a role, sulfation of cartilage proteoglycans was measured after treatment for 1 week of newborn mutant and wild-type mice with hypodermic NAC (N-acetyl-L-cysteine). The relative amount of sulfated disaccharides increased in mutant mice treated with NAC compared with the placebo group, indicating an increase in proteoglycan sulfation due to NAC catabolism, although pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that the drug was rapidly removed from the bloodstream. In conclusion, cysteine contribution to cartilage proteoglycan sulfation in vivo is minimal under physiological conditions even if extracellular sulfate availability is low; however, the contribution of thiols to sulfation becomes significant by increasing their plasma concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Pecora
- *Dipartimento di Biochimica ‘Alessandro Castellani’, Università di Pavia, via Taramelli 3/B, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Benedetta Gualeni
- *Dipartimento di Biochimica ‘Alessandro Castellani’, Università di Pavia, via Taramelli 3/B, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonella Forlino
- *Dipartimento di Biochimica ‘Alessandro Castellani’, Università di Pavia, via Taramelli 3/B, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Superti-Furga
- †Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Freiburg University Hospital, Mathildenstr. 1, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ruggero Tenni
- *Dipartimento di Biochimica ‘Alessandro Castellani’, Università di Pavia, via Taramelli 3/B, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cetta
- *Dipartimento di Biochimica ‘Alessandro Castellani’, Università di Pavia, via Taramelli 3/B, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Rossi
- *Dipartimento di Biochimica ‘Alessandro Castellani’, Università di Pavia, via Taramelli 3/B, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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Abstract
Elevated homocysteine levels are associated with a variety of vascular diseases. Specifically, hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral arterial disease. Laboratory-based strategies for its detection and quantification have evolved to meet the increasing need for accuracy in risk prediction. Although new technologies have been developed over the past 2 decades that have enhanced the precision of measurement, universal guidelines for circulating homocysteine determination remain lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley A Maron
- Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Yang TH, Hu ML. Intracellular Levels of S-Adenosylhomocysteine but Not Homocysteine Are Highly Correlated to the Expression of nm23-H1 and the Level of 5-Methyldeoxycytidine in Human Hepatoma Cells With Different Invasion Activities. Nutr Cancer 2006; 55:224-31. [PMID: 17044778 DOI: 10.1207/s15327914nc5502_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Cellular methylation imbalance is associated with tumor progression, hepatic cancer, and cardiovascular disease. S-Adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) is an inhibitor of cellular methyltransferases, and increasing evidence suggests that SAH rather than homocysteine (Hcy) plays a crucial role in mediating these disorders related to methylation imbalance. The anti-metastatic gene nm23-H1 was recently identified in murine and human cancer lines, and the expressions of nm23-H1 mRNA and protein have been shown to be useful tumor invasion markers. We investigated the relationships of tumor cell invasion activities with the intracellular levels of SAH and Hcy and the level of DNA methylation (measured as the cellular content of 5-methyldeoxycytidine, 5-mdc) in four hepatocarcinoma cell lines (Sk-Hep1, J5, Hep-G2, Hep-3B) and one normal liver cell line (Chang's liver cells) with different invasion activities (Sk-Hep1 > J5 > Hep-G2 = Hep-3B > Chang's liver cells). We found that the intracellular level of SAH was the highest in SK-Hep1 cells and was correlated with the invasion activities (r = 0.75, P = 0.008), whereas the level of intracellular Hcy was the highest in Chang's liver cells and was not significantly correlated with the invasion activities of these cell lines (r = 0.24, P = 0.38). The levels of 5-mdc increased with decreasing invasion activities of these cell lines (r = 0.82, P = 0.002), that is, the order of DNA hypomethylation in these cell lines was Sk-Hep1 > J5 > Hep-G2 = Hep-3B > Chang's liver cells, because the lower levels of 5-mdc% represent the higher DNA hypomethylation. Thus, our results demonstrate that SAH rather than Hcy is associated with invasion activities of hepatoma cells, and they suggest that SAH may play an important role in the invasion activities through DNA hypomethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Hsiu Yang
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Taiwan
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Proksch B, Jelesnianski S, Oberrauch W, Fux R, Gleiter CH. Adaptation of a high-performance liquid chromatographic method for quantitative determination of homocysteine in urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2005; 828:122-5. [PMID: 16203185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2005] [Accepted: 09/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A modification of the Bio-Rad total homocysteine HPLC-test is presented in order to enable not only plasma homocysteine measurements but also the quantification of homocysteine in urine samples using the same principle of measurement. Coelution of the internal standard provided in the test kit with an endogenous compound in urine demands for an alternative analytical procedure. Therefore, we introduced 3-mercaptopropionic acid as a substitute for the internal standard. The analytical method validation was performed for the matrix of urine specimens. The applicability of this method was demonstrated in a clinical study with volunteers after homocysteine thiolactone hydrochloride loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Proksch
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 45, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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30
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De Chiara B, Bigi R, Campolo J, Parolini M, Turazza F, Masciocco G, Frigerio M, Fiorentini C, Parodi O. Blood glutathione as a marker of cardiac allograft vasculopathy in heart transplant recipients. Clin Transplant 2005; 19:367-71. [PMID: 15877800 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2005.00352.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) limits survival after heart transplantation (HTx). Between immunologic and non-immunologic factors, reactive oxygen species generation has been proposed as pathogenetic mechanism. This study was aimed at evaluating redox status in HTx recipients and verifying whether it could be independently associated with CAV. METHODS Fifty-five consecutive male HTx recipients, median [interquartile range] age 60 yr [50, 64], underwent angiography 67 months [21, 97] after HTx to assess CAV, defined as significant stenosis in >or=1 epicardial vessel or any distal vessel attenuation. All patients underwent blood sampling 89 months [67, 119] after HTx for biochemical (glucose, creatinine, total and LDL cholesterol, and cyclosporin levels) and redox evaluation [plasma reduced and total homocysteine, cysteine, cysteinylglycine, glutathione, blood reduced glutathione (GSH(bl)) and vitamin E]. Univariate Odds Ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI, highest vs. lowest quartile) were estimated on the basis of a logistic regression analysis between clinical, conventional biochemical and redox data. Only the significant variables at univariate entered into multivariate analysis. RESULTS CAV was documented in 15 (27%) patients. Univariate analysis showed that time from HTx to angiography (OR 3.97, 95% CI 1.15-14, p = 0.03) and GSH(bl) (OR 0.31, 95% CI: 0.14-0.70, p = 0.005) were significantly associated with CAV. However, multivariate analysis revealed GSH(bl) as the only independent predictor of CAV (OR 0.31, 95% CI: 0.13-0.74, p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS In HTx recipients reduced levels of GSH(bl) are independently associated with CAV. Given its potent intracellular scavenger properties, GSH(bl) may serve as a marker of antioxidant defence consumption, favouring CAV development.
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Harboe-Gonçalves L, Vaz LS, Buzzi M. Associação entre níveis plasmáticos de homocisteína e acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico: estudo transversal analítico. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2005; 63:97-103. [PMID: 15830073 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x2005000100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Verificar associação entre valores de homocisteína plasmática e ocorrência de acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico (AVCI), considerando idade, sexo, tabagismo, hipertensão, diabetes, etiologia do AVCI e tempo decorrido do episódio. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal analítico de 104 pacientes diagnosticados com AVCI e 98 controles. Dosagem de homocisteína por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. Análise estatística feita com testes t de Student e Kruskal-Wallis, análise de variância, análise de regressão linear, regressão logística e coeficiente de correlação linear de Pearson. RESULTADOS: O grupo-pacientes apresentou valores maiores de homocisteína (15,4 ± 11,7 µ mol L-1) comparados aos controles (10,5 ± 4,2µ mol L-1). Dividindo os dois grupos em faixas etárias foram encontradas diferenças nas faixas de 40-49 anos e 50-59 anos. Nos pacientes encontraram-se valores maiores de homocisteína nos casos de hipertensão e etiologia aterotrombótica. Estudo de regressão logística dos dados dos pacientes mostrou relação de aterosclerose com homocisteína. CONCLUSÃO: Homocisteína está associada a AVCI.
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Lonati S, Novembrino C, Ippolito S, Accinni R, Galli C, Troonen H, Campolo J, Della Noce C, Lunghi G, Catena FB. Analytical performance and method comparison study of the total homocysteine fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) on the AxSYM analyzer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 42:228-34. [PMID: 15061366 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2004.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) has been commercially released for routine large-scale testing of total homocysteine (tHcy) on the AxSYM analyzer. We evaluated the analytical performance of the AxSYM tHcy FPIA and compared it with the well established high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and IMx tHcy FPIA methods. Homocysteine concentrations were measured by AxSYM and IMx tHcy FPIA and by a rapid isocratic HPLC method with fluorescence detection. Coefficient of variation (CV) of total imprecision for AxSYM tHcy was ≤5%, mean dilution recovery 102%, analytical sensitivity 0.70 μmol/l and linearity was good up to 1:8 dilution. Spearman rank correlations, rho, were 0.83 (p<0.0001) for AxSYM vs. HPLC, 0.97 (p<0.0001) for AxSYM vs. IMx and 0.83 (p <0.0001) for IMx vs. HPLC. Passing and Bablok regression Y-intercepts and slopes were: 2.944/0.937 (AxSYM vs. HPLC), −0.367/1.142 (AxSYM vs. IMx) and 2.632/0.805 (IMx vs. HPLC). Corresponding mean differences (AxSYM-Comparison Assay) recorded over a 5–50 μmol/l measured range were 1.80, −0.73 and 2.53 μmol/l. AxSYM tHcy FPIA's first rate precision, supported by the complete automation of the AxSYM analyzer, makes it fit for routine use and suitable for laboratories requiring homocysteine high-throughput testing capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Lonati
- Dipartimento Scienze Mediche, Università degli Studi, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Milano, Milan, Italy
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Refsum H, Smith AD, Ueland PM, Nexo E, Clarke R, McPartlin J, Johnston C, Engbaek F, Schneede J, McPartlin C, Scott JM. Facts and Recommendations about Total Homocysteine Determinations: An Expert Opinion. Clin Chem 2004; 50:3-32. [PMID: 14709635 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2003.021634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 685] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackground: Measurement of plasma total homocysteine has become common as new methods have been introduced. A wide range of disorders are associated with increased concentrations of total homocysteine. The purpose of this review is to provide an international expert opinion on the practical aspects of total homocysteine determinations in clinical practice and in the research setting and on the relevance of total homocysteine measurements as diagnostic or screening tests in several target populations.Methods: Published data available on Medline were used as the basis for the recommendations. Drafts of the recommendations were critically discussed at meetings over a period of 3 years.Outcome: This review is divided into two sections: (a) determination of homocysteine (methods and their performance, sample collection and handling, biological determinants, reference intervals, within-person variability, and methionine loading test); and (b) risk assessment and disease diagnosis (homocystinuria, folate and cobalamin deficiencies, cardiovascular disease, renal failure, psychiatric disorders and cognitive impairment, pregnancy complications and birth defects, and screening of elderly and newborns). Each of these subsections concludes with a separate series of recommendations to assist the clinician and the research scientist in making informed decisions. The review concludes with a list of unresolved questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga Refsum
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
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Blessborn D, Lindegårdh N, Ericsson O, Hellgren U, Bergqvist Y. Determination of pyronaridine in whole blood by automated solid phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. Ther Drug Monit 2003; 25:264-70. [PMID: 12766551 DOI: 10.1097/00007691-200306000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A new extraction procedure for the analysis of pyronaridine in whole blood is presented. A weak cation exchanger with a carboxylic acid (CBA) sorbent was found to be a suitable solid phase sorbent for the extraction of pyronaridine. High-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection at 278 nm and an electrochemical detector at +0.75 V is used. The electrochemical detector gives higher selectivity than the UV detector. The separation was performed using a C18 reversed phase column with mobile phase of acetonitrile-phosphate buffer (0.01 mol/L, pH 2.5)- sodium perchlorate (1.0 mol/L; 22:77:1, v/v/v). The within-day RSDs were below 5% at all concentration levels between 75 nmol/L and 1500 nmol/L, and the between-day RSDs were below 14% at all concentration levels. The limit of quantification was about 50 nmol/L in 1000 microL whole blood with an RSD of 20% or less on a day-to-day basis. The stability of pyronaridine is increased if the pH is less than 3 in water solutions. In whole blood, the concentration decreases by about 10% for each freeze-thaw cycle performed. At room temperature (about 22 degrees C), pyronaridine concentration in whole blood decreases by about 10% within 12 to 24 hours.
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Ducros V, Demuth K, Sauvant MP, Quillard M, Caussé E, Candito M, Read MH, Drai J, Garcia I, Gerhardt MF. Methods for homocysteine analysis and biological relevance of the results. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2002; 781:207-26. [PMID: 12450660 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(02)00497-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is now widely accepted that increased total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Hyperhomocysteinemia can be caused by impaired enzyme function as a result of genetic mutation or vitamin B (B(2), B(6), B(9), B(12)) deficiency. A lot of methods are now available for tHcy determination. High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection are at present the most widely used methods but immunoassays, easier to use, begin to supplant in-house laboratory methods. In order to help with the choice of a main relevant homocysteine analytical method, the characteristics, performances and limits of the main current methods are reviewed. One major drawback among all these available methods is the transferability which is not clearly established to date. The impact of both inter-method and inter-laboratory variations on the interpretation of the tHcy results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Ducros
- Département de Biologie Intégrée, CHU Grenoble, BP 217, 38043 Grenoble, France.
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Bartesaghi S, Accinni R, De Leo G, Cursano CF, Campolo J, Galluzzo C, Vegezzi PG, Parodi O. A new HPLC micromethod to measure total plasma homocysteine in newborn. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2001; 24:1137-41. [PMID: 11248510 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(00)00573-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) in children may be an useful biochemical marker for genetic risk of premature cardiovascular disease. We reported a rapid, isocratic HPLC method able to process very small amount of newborn plasma samples. A blood sample from heel capillary circulation was collected, using a heparinized capillary glass tube. Plasma sample from 1 to 10 microl was derivatized with ammonium-7-fluorobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole-4-sulphonate after reduction with tri-n-butylphosphine and analyzed on Discovery C18 column, with a solution of acetonitrile-dihydrogenphosphate 0.1 M (8:92 v/v pH*2.1). This assay ensures a good recovery (95%), precision (CV 4.5%) and linearity (y=2.41x + 0.31, r=1). Due to its simplicity and reliability, our method is suitable for routine analysis of tHcy and other aminothiols (Cys, Cys-Gly, GSH) assessed for clinical and research purposes. With this HPLC method we have assayed tHcy levels in 1400 apparently healthy newborn babies (tHcy mean value=4.9+/-2.7 microM). In conclusion, this accurate and linear HPLC method allows measurement of tHcy in newborn during the routinary capillary blood collection in the fourth living day without any other invasive procedure.
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Accinni R, Bartesaghi S, De Leo G, Cursano CF, Achilli G, Loaldi A, Cellerino C, Parodi O. Screening of homocysteine from newborn blood spots by high-performance liquid chromatography with coulometric array detection. J Chromatogr A 2000; 896:183-9. [PMID: 11093653 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00715-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Homocystinuria, due to a deficiency of cystationine-beta-synthase, refers to the rare inborn error of the metabolism of homocysteine. The identification and prompt treatment of homocystinuria during the neonatal period can prevent or greatly reduce the severity of the clinical consequences. We report a new method for homocystinuria diagnosis from dried blood spots on newborn screening cards, based on high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical coulometric array detection. This method shows an excellent linearity (y=10.36x+0.04; r=0.999), precision (RSDs ranged from 2.7 to 5.8%), recovery (87%) and appears to be a cost-effective approach, being simple, rapid, sensitive and cheap.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Accinni
- C.N.R. Institute of Clinical Physiology, Cardiology Department A. De Gasperis, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy.
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Whittle MC, Stobaugh JF, Wong OS. High performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of homocysteine in human plasma using a water-soluble phosphine reducing agent and fluorogenic derivatization. Chromatographia 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02493130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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