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Iwaide S, Murakami T, Sedghi Masoud N, Kobayashi N, Fortin JS, Miyahara H, Higuchi K, Chambers JK. Classification of amyloidosis and protein misfolding disorders in animals 2024: A review on pathology and diagnosis. Vet Pathol 2025; 62:117-138. [PMID: 39389927 DOI: 10.1177/03009858241283750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Amyloidosis is a group of diseases in which proteins become amyloid, an insoluble fibrillar aggregate, resulting in organ dysfunction. Amyloid deposition has been reported in various animal species. To diagnose and understand the pathogenesis of amyloidosis, it is important to identify the amyloid precursor protein involved in each disease. Although 42 amyloid precursor proteins have been reported in humans, little is known about amyloidosis in animals, except for a few well-described amyloid proteins, including amyloid A (AA), amyloid light chain (AL), amyloid β (Aβ), and islet amyloid polypeptide-derived amyloid. Recently, several types of novel amyloidosis have been identified in animals using immunohistochemistry and mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis. Certain species are predisposed to specific types of amyloidosis, suggesting a genetic background for its pathogenesis. Age-related amyloidosis has also emerged due to the increased longevity of captive animals. In addition, experimental studies have shown that some amyloids may be transmissible. Accurate diagnosis and understanding of animal amyloidosis are necessary for appropriate therapeutic intervention and comparative pathological studies. This review provides an updated classification of animal amyloidosis, including associated protein misfolding disorders of the central nervous system, and the current understanding of their pathogenesis. Pathologic features are presented together with state-of-the-art diagnostic methods that can be applied for routine diagnosis and identification of novel amyloid proteins in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Iwaide
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Murakami
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Keiichi Higuchi
- Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
- Meio University, Nago, Japan
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Identification of Ameloblastin as an Amyloid Precursor Protein of Amyloid-Producing Ameloblastoma in Dogs and Cats. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020166. [PMID: 36851470 PMCID: PMC9963920 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-producing ameloblastoma (APAB) is characterized by abundant amyloid deposits in ameloblastoma, but the amyloid precursor protein is unknown. To explore this, we conducted histopathologic and proteomic analyses on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples from five cases of APAB (three dogs and two cats). Histologically, the samples exhibited a proliferation of the odontogenic epithelium, with moderate to severe interstitial amyloid deposits. By using Congo red and polarized light, the amyloid deposits were found to show characteristic birefringence. Amyloid deposits were dissected from tissue sections and analyzed by LC/MS/MS, and high levels of ameloblastin were detected in all tissues. Mass spectrometry also revealed that the N-terminal region of ameloblastin is predominantly present in amyloid deposits. Immunohistochemistry was performed using two anti-ameloblastin (N terminal, middle region) antibodies and showed that amyloid deposits were positive for ameloblastin N terminal but negative for ameloblastin middle region. These results suggest that ameloblastin is the amyloid precursor protein of APABs in dogs and cats, and the N-terminal region may be involved in the amyloidogenesis of ameloblastin.
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Kok M, Chambers J, Ushio N, Miwa Y, Nakayama H, Uchida K. Amyloid-producing Odontoameloblastoma in a Black-tailed Prairie Dog (Cynomys ludovicianus). J Comp Pathol 2018; 159:26-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Hirayama K, Endoh C, Kagawa Y, Ohmachi T, Yamagami T, Nomura K, Matsuda K, Okamoto M, Taniyama H. Amyloid-Producing Odontogenic Tumors of the Facial Skin in Three Cats. Vet Pathol 2016; 54:218-221. [PMID: 27511309 DOI: 10.1177/0300985816660746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-producing odontogenic tumors (APOTs) of the facial skin were diagnosed in 3 domestic cats. The neoplasms had the histopathological characteristics of the odontogenic tumor. The neoplastic cells were present in irregular islands, strands, and sheets. The peripheral neoplastic cells of the islands and strands were arranged in a palisading fashion, while the central cells were polyhedral to stellate and randomly arranged. Multiple spherules of homogeneous eosinophilic material were closely apposed to the neoplastic epithelial cells. The spherules stained with Congo red and produced an apple green birefringence under polarization microscopy, indicative of amyloid. Immunohistochemically, amyloid materials of the neoplasms reacted with polyclonal antibodies for ameloblastin, amelogenin, and sheathlin antibodies. Neoplastic epithelial cells also reacted with antiameloblastin, amelogenin, and sheathlin antibodies, with varied intensity. The histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of dermal neoplasms of the 3 cats were analogous to those of APOTs reported in the dog and the cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hirayama
- 1 Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - C Endoh
- 1 Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - T Ohmachi
- 3 Patho Labo Co, Ltd, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | - K Nomura
- 4 Marupi Lifetech Co, Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Matsuda
- 1 Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - M Okamoto
- 1 Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - H Taniyama
- 1 Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan
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Abstract
A three-year-old Jack Russell terrier dog was presented with a large gingival mass of the right mandible extending from the fourth premolar to the first molar teeth. Radiographic examination of the expansile mass revealed moth-eaten, honeycomb-like lyses of the mandible and extended into the mandibular alveolar canal based on computed tomography. The histopathological diagnosis of the biopsy was odontogenic fibromyxoma. Mandibulectomy with resection of the associated soft tissues was performed. Surgical management was curative with no clinical signs of disease 2-years after treatment. These neoplasms are slow growing, locally destructive tumors of odontogenic origin that have been described in the jaw of only one dog. In this paper, the clinico-radiological and pathologic features, diagnostic modalities as well as the factors that might influence treatment outcome of odontogenic myxomas are discussed. These odontogenic tumors are currently excluded from the WHO classification of odontogenic tumors in domestic animals and inclusion in future classifications systems is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Meyers
- From the Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies (Meyers, Steenkamp), Faculty of Veterinary Science; and, Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology (Boy), School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, PO Box 1266, Pretoria, 0001, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Sonja C. Boy
- From the Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies (Meyers, Steenkamp), Faculty of Veterinary Science; and, Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology (Boy), School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, PO Box 1266, Pretoria, 0001, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Gerhard Steenkamp
- From the Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies (Meyers, Steenkamp), Faculty of Veterinary Science; and, Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology (Boy), School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, PO Box 1266, Pretoria, 0001, Gauteng, South Africa
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Calvo I, Castejón A, Rollan E, Flores J, Collados J, Llorens P, San Román F. Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor in a Dog. J Vet Dent 2016; 21:26-8. [PMID: 15108400 DOI: 10.1177/089875640402100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I Calvo
- Department of Animal Pathology II, Division of Surgery, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary School, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Bell CM, Soukup JW. Nomenclature and Classification of Odontogenic Tumors - Part II: Clarification of Specific Nomenclature. J Vet Dent 2014; 31:234-243. [PMID: 30870958 DOI: 10.1177/089875641403100403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Accurate identification of odontogenic tumors is critical for productive communication and an important foundation for useful comparative epidemiologic studies of odontogenic tumors in both domestic animals and humans. This manuscript illuminates the subject of veterinary odontogenic tumor nomenclature and will serve as a foundation for future updates in nomenclature and classification of odontogenic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M Bell
- From the Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Bell), University of Wisconsin-Madison, 445 Easterday Lane, Madison, WI, 53706, UW Veterinary Care (Soukup), and the Center for Comparative Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology (Bell, Soukup) School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706
| | - Jason W Soukup
- From the Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Bell), University of Wisconsin-Madison, 445 Easterday Lane, Madison, WI, 53706, UW Veterinary Care (Soukup), and the Center for Comparative Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology (Bell, Soukup) School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706
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Hirayama K, Miyasho T, Ohmachi T, Watanabe T, Yokota H, Taniyama H. Biochemical and immunohistochemical characterization of the amyloid in canine amyloid-producing odontogenic tumor. Vet Pathol 2010; 47:915-22. [PMID: 20651064 DOI: 10.1177/0300985810375047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid of canine amyloid-producing odontogenic tumor (APOT) was evaluated biochemically and immunohistochemically. The N-terminal amino-acid sequence of purified amyloid protein from a canine APOT was strikingly similar to the sequence in both rat ameloblastin and porcine sheathlin. Immunohistochemically, the amyloid in APOT from 9 dogs was strongly reactive with anti-rat ameloblastin, anti-porcine sheathlin, and anti-canine APOT amyloid and weakly reactive with anti-porcine amelogenin but negative for antibodies to cytokeratins, vimentin, desmin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, amyloid A, glial fibrillary acidic protein, or S100 protein. The neoplastic epithelial cells of APOT were focally reactive with antibodies to ameloblastin, sheathlin, amelogenin, and canine APOT amyloid. The similarity in amino-acid sequence of the amyloid protein of canine APOT to that of enamel proteins, such as ameloblastin, sheathlin, and amelogenin, and the expression of these antigens in both APOT amyloid and in the neoplastic cells suggest that the amyloid of canine APOT is derived from enamel proteins secreted by ameloblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hirayama
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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Kang MS, Park MS, Kwon SW, Ma SA, Cho DY, Kim DY, Kim Y. Amyloid-producing odontogenic tumour (calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour) in the mandible of a Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris). J Comp Pathol 2006; 134:236-40. [PMID: 16540113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2005.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2005] [Accepted: 09/12/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A 13-year-old male tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) had a marked mandibular swelling noticed 12 months earlier and associated with progressive anorexia and weight loss. Radiological and post-mortem examination revealed a mass (13x15 cm) which was firm and poorly defined, with destruction of the adjacent bone tissue. Histologically, the mass was poorly demarcated, with infiltrative growth, and composed of nests, cords and islands of epithelial cells with characteristic basal cell features. Also observed were extensive squamous metaplasia, ghost cells, stellate reticulum, and fibroblastic connective tissue stroma containing inflammatory cells. A prominent feature of this tumour consisted of abundant nodular deposits of congophilic amyloid-like material with partial mineralization (Liesegang rings). Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells and the amyloid-like material were positive for pancytokeratin and negative for vimentin. The findings supported the diagnosis of an amyloid-producing odontogenic tumour (APOT), also known as calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour in man and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-S Kang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Ando M, Kado S, Hashimoto K, Nagata Y, Iwata S, Takahashi M, Uchida K, Onoue M. Ameloblastic Odontoma with Amyloid Deposition in a Mouse. J Toxicol Pathol 2005. [DOI: 10.1293/tox.18.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Ando
- Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research
| | - Shoichi Kado
- Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research
| | | | - Yuriko Nagata
- Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research
| | - Shin Iwata
- Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research
| | | | - Kazumi Uchida
- Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research
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Nakanishi M, Kuwamura M, Yamate J, Aoki M, Uchida T. Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor in a Dog. J Toxicol Pathol 2002. [DOI: 10.1293/tox.15.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masako Nakanishi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Mitsuru Kuwamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Jyoji Yamate
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Mika Aoki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Takashi Uchida
- Department of Oral Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Science
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Moore AS, Wood CA, Engler SJ, Bengtson AE. Radiation therapy for long-term control of odontogenic tumours and epulis in three cats. J Feline Med Surg 2000; 2:57-60. [PMID: 11716592 PMCID: PMC10829184 DOI: 10.1053/jfms.2000.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2000] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Orthovoltage radiation was used to treat odontogenic tumours in three cats following incomplete surgical resection. Cats received a total radiation dose of 48-52 Gy over a period of 26-29 days. Acute toxicities were mild, consisting of hair loss within the radiation field in all cats, and mild mucositis in one cat. All cats had long-term (>35 months) control of their tumour, and two cats are still alive without recurrence of tumour 60 and 39 months, respectively, after completing treatment. Radiation therapy should be considered to be an adjuvant to incomplete surgery in cats with odontogenic neoplasms or epulides.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Moore
- Harrington Oncology Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA
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Taniyama H, Kitamura A, Kagawa Y, Hirayama K, Yoshino T, Kamiya S. Localized amyloidosis in canine mammary tumors. Vet Pathol 2000; 37:104-7. [PMID: 10643991 DOI: 10.1354/vp.37-1-104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Histopathologic and immunohistochemical examinations were performed on localized amyloidosis associated with mammary tumors in two dogs. These tumors were identified as adenoma and adenocarcinoma. An acellular, amorphous pale eosinophilic material (amyloid) was observed in the lumina of acini lined by neoplastic cells and in the stroma of the tumors. Concentrically laminated pale eosinophilic bodies (corpora amylacea) were also found in the lumina of the acini. Amyloid and corpora amylacea stained positively with Congo red with and without 5% potassium permanganate pretreatment and revealed a green birefringence under polarized light. Corpora amylacea showed an occasional Maltese-cross pattern. Immunohistochemically, amyloid and corpora amylacea usually stained positively with anti-bovine alpha-casein antibody but negatively with anti-human amyloid AA, anti-bovine kappa-light and lambda-light chains, anti-human lactoferrin, anti-human transferrin, anti-human secretory component, and anti-human polyglucosan antibodies. These findings suggested that the amyloid deposition in these canine mammary tumors was related to lactating casein.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Taniyama
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
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