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Dedousis N, Teng L, Kanshana JS, Kohan AB. A single-day mouse mesenteric lymph surgery in mice: an updated approach to study dietary lipid absorption, chylomicron secretion, and lymphocyte dynamics. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100284. [PMID: 36152881 PMCID: PMC9646667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestine plays a crucial role in regulating whole-body lipid metabolism through its unique function of absorbing dietary fat. In the small intestine, absorptive epithelial cells emulsify hydrophobic dietary triglycerides (TAGs) prior to secreting them into mesenteric lymphatic vessels as chylomicrons. Except for short- and medium-chain fatty acids, which are directly absorbed from the intestinal lumen into portal vasculature, the only way for an animal to absorb dietary TAG is through the chylomicron/mesenteric lymphatic pathway. Isolating intestinal lipoproteins, including chylomicrons, is extremely difficult in vivo because of the dilution of postprandial lymph in the peripheral blood. In addition, once postprandial lymph enters the circulation, chylomicron TAGs are rapidly hydrolyzed. To enhance isolation of large quantities of pure postprandial chylomicrons, we have modified the Tso group's highly reproducible gold-standard double-cannulation technique in rats to enable single-day surgery and lymph collection in mice. Our technique has a significantly higher survival rate than the traditional 2-day surgical model and allows for the collection of greater than 400 μl of chylous lymph with high postprandial TAG concentrations. Using this approach, we show that after an intraduodenal lipid bolus, the mesenteric lymph contains naïve CD4+ T-cell populations that can be quantified by flow cytometry. In conclusion, this experimental approach represents a quantitative tool for determining dietary lipid absorption, intestinal lipoprotein dynamics, and mesenteric immunity. Our model may also be a powerful tool for studies of antigens, the microbiome, pharmacokinetics, and dietary compound absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Dedousis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lihong Teng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jitendra S Kanshana
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alison B Kohan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Zvintzou E, Lhomme M, Chasapi S, Filou S, Theodoropoulos V, Xapapadaki E, Kontush A, Spyroulias G, Tellis CC, Tselepis AD, Constantinou C, Kypreos KE. Pleiotropic effects of apolipoprotein C3 on HDL functionality and adipose tissue metabolic activity. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:1869-1883. [PMID: 28701354 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m077925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
APOC3 is produced mainly by the liver and intestine and approximately half of plasma APOC3 associates with HDL. Though it was believed that APOC3 associates with HDL by simple binding to preexisting particles, recent data support that biogenesis of APOC3-containing HDL (APOC3-HDL) requires Abca1. Moreover, APOC3-HDL contributes to plasma triglyceride homeostasis by preventing APOC3 association with triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Interestingly, APOC3-HDL also shows positive correlation with the morbidly obese phenotype. However, the roles of APOC3 in HDL functionality and adipose tissue metabolic activity remain unknown. Therefore, here we investigated the direct effects of APOC3 expression on HDL structure and function, as well as white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) metabolic activity. C57BL/6 mice were infected with an adenovirus expressing human APOC3 or a recombinant attenuated control adenovirus expressing green fluorescent protein and blood and tissue samples were collected at 5 days postinfection. HDL was then analyzed for its apolipoprotein and lipid composition and particle functionality. Additionally, purified mitochondria from BAT and WAT were analyzed for uncoupling protein 1, cytochrome c (Cytc), and Cytc oxidase subunit 4 protein levels as an indirect measure of their metabolic activity. Serum metabolomic analysis was performed by NMR. Combined, our data show that APOC3 modulates HDL structure and function, while it selectively promotes BAT metabolic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Zvintzou
- Pharmacology Department, University of Patras Medical School, Rio Achaias TK 26500, Greece
| | - Marie Lhomme
- ICANalytics and INSERM UMR_S 1166, ICAN, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Stella Chasapi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Serafoula Filou
- Pharmacology Department, University of Patras Medical School, Rio Achaias TK 26500, Greece
| | | | - Eva Xapapadaki
- Pharmacology Department, University of Patras Medical School, Rio Achaias TK 26500, Greece
| | - Anatol Kontush
- Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, ICAN, 75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Constantinos C Tellis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Alexandros D Tselepis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Caterina Constantinou
- Pharmacology Department, University of Patras Medical School, Rio Achaias TK 26500, Greece
| | - Kyriakos E Kypreos
- Pharmacology Department, University of Patras Medical School, Rio Achaias TK 26500, Greece
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3
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Traish AM, Abdou R, Kypreos KE. Androgen deficiency and atherosclerosis: The lipid link. Vascul Pharmacol 2009; 51:303-13. [PMID: 19818414 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2009] [Revised: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between androgen deficiency and atherosclerosis is complex, poorly understood, and remains controversial. The aim of this review is to evaluate the data in the literature to determine if androgen deficiency modulates lipid profiles and contributes to atherosclerosis development or progression. Studies in animals and humans suggest that androgen deficiency is associated with increased triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Although the effects of androgen deficiency on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) remains controversial, recent data suggest that androgen therapy is associated with increased levels of HDL-C and may improve reverse cholesterol transport. Animal studies suggested that androgen deprivation adversely affect lipid profiles and this was reversed by androgen treatment. Furthermore, androgen treatment of hypogonadal men significantly improved lipid profiles. Emerging data indicate that androgens play an important role in lipid metabolism. Therefore androgens are critical in the prevention and progression of atherosclerosis. Androgen deficiency contributes to increased TGs, TC, LDL-C and reduced HDL-C while androgen treatment results in a favorable lipid profile, suggesting that androgens may provide a protective effect against the development and/or progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmaged M Traish
- Department of Biochemistry and Urology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Kypreos KE. ABCA1 Promotes the de Novo Biogenesis of Apolipoprotein CIII-Containing HDL Particles in Vivo and Modulates the Severity of Apolipoprotein CIII-Induced Hypertriglyceridemia. Biochemistry 2008; 47:10491-502. [DOI: 10.1021/bi801249c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyriakos E. Kypreos
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacology Unit, University of Patras Medical School, Rio, TK 26500, Greece
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Nelson RH, Edgerton DS, Basu R, Roesner JC, Cherrington AD, Miles JM. Triglyceride uptake and lipoprotein lipase-generated fatty acid spillover in the splanchnic bed of dogs. Diabetes 2007; 56:1850-5. [PMID: 17416801 DOI: 10.2337/db06-1657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The action of lipoprotein lipase on triglyceride-rich lipoproteins generates fatty acids that are either transported into tissues or mix with circulating free fatty acids (FFAs) via a process known as spillover. In the present study, arterial, portal vein, and hepatic vein sampling catheters were surgically placed in nine mongrel dogs. The animals were subsequently studied after a 42-h fast during infusion of [14C]oleate and a lipid emulsion containing [3H]triolein; the emulsion was used as a surrogate for the study of chylomicron metabolism. More than one-half of splanchnic [3H]triglyceride uptake occurred in the liver, and substantial fractional spillover of [3H]oleate was observed in both liver and nonhepatic tissues (approximately 50% each). There was a significant correlation between FFA release from nonhepatic tissues (presumably visceral fat) and nonhepatic fractional spillover (R = 0.81, P < 0.01), consistent with a model in which the rate of intracellular lipolysis influences spillover by determining the direction of net fatty acid flow between the cell and the interstitium. There was a significant correlation between "true" and "net" splanchnic spillover (R = 0.84, P < 0.005), the latter representing calculation of spillover between arterial and hepatic venous blood without portal venous data. Metabolism of chylomicron triglycerides in visceral fat may be an important source of portal venous FFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Nelson
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Jong MC, Hofker MH, Havekes LM. Role of ApoCs in lipoprotein metabolism: functional differences between ApoC1, ApoC2, and ApoC3. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999; 19:472-84. [PMID: 10073946 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.19.3.472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M C Jong
- TNO-Prevention and Health, Gaubius Laboratory, MGC-Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Hauss DJ, Mehta SC, Radebaugh GW. Targeted lymphatic transport and modified systemic distribution of CI-976, a lipophilic lipid-regulator drug, via a formulation approach. Int J Pharm 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0378-5173(94)90318-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Cianflone K, Bilodeau M, Davignon J, Sniderman AD. Modulation of chylomicron remnant metabolism by an hepatic hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor. Metabolism 1990; 39:274-80. [PMID: 2308517 DOI: 10.1016/0026-0495(90)90047-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to test the hypothesis that in patients with elevated plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) apolipoprotein-apoB, chylomicron remnant clearance can be modulated by therapy with a hepatic hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor. Accordingly, chylomicron triglyceride and remnant clearance were determined following a vitamin-A fat load in 12 such patients, before and after therapy with Lovastatin (Merck, Sharp & Dohme, Rahway, NJ). Such therapy had no significant overall effect on plasma triglyceride clearance, although there was a trend to lower levels of Sf greater than 400 triglycerides at the later time points. By contrast, retinol clearance in plasma and Sf greater than 400 lipoproteins was markedly increased (30% and 40%, respectively). The data indicate, therefore, that following therapy with Lovastatin in this group of patients, chylomicron plasma remnant clearance was significantly enhanced. The exact mechanisms responsible remain to be explicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Cianflone
- McGill Unit for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Redgrave TG, Maranhao RC, Tercyak AM, Lincoln EC, Brunengraber H. Uptake of artificial model remnant lipoprotein emulsions by the perfused rat liver. Lipids 1988; 23:101-5. [PMID: 3367695 DOI: 10.1007/bf02535288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In comparison with their precursor lipoproteins, the remanants of the triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins are reduced in contents of triacylglycerols and apolipoproteins AI and AIV, whereas the contents of cholesterol (free and esterified) and apolipoprotien E are increased. In this study, lipid emulsion models of remnant lipoproteins were used to explore which of these factors are necessary for physiological rates of remnant uptake by the perfused rat liver. Uptake rates of lipid emulsion models of remnant lipoproteins in the presence of apolipoprotein E were similar to in vivo uptake rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Redgrave
- Biophysics Institute, Housman Medical Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, MA 02118
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