Long-term evolution of glycerol intolerance syndrome

Fructose-1,6-diphosphatase deficiency and glyceroluria: one possible etiology for GIS

Fructose-1,6-diphosphatase (FDPase) deficiency is characterized by episodes of lactic acidemia, hypoglycemia, and ketonuria. Liver biopsy and subsequent enzyme analysis most reliably make the diagnosis. Review of the literature reveals 85 cases. Glycerol intolerance syndrome (GIS) is less well defined. There are only a handful of cases reported. We describe a patient with FDPase deficiency and significant glyceroluria and propose that GIS may be caused by partial deficiency of FDPase.

Hypoglycaemia: principles of diagnosis and treatment in children

The diagnostic approach to children with suspected hypoglycaemia is facilitated by the fact that two clinically distinct groups exist with little overlap: 1. Hypoglycaemias characterized by a fuel deficit only. 2. Hypoglycaemias in which the fuel deficit is overshadowed by symptoms of intoxication. This differentiation is used when taking the medical history, performing the physical examination, and planning the laboratory investigations. The latter may encompass tolerance tests, a fasting test or the use of a non-radioactive glucose isotope. Protocols for such tests are given.

Porin interaction with hexokinase and glycerol kinase: metabolic microcompartmentation at the outer mitochondrial membrane

Porin is the pore-forming protein involved in the movement of adenine nucleotides across the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM). Hexokinase and glycerol kinase interact with porin on the outer surface of the OMM in a manner which provides these enzymes with preferred access to the ATP generated in the mitochondrion. We review recent evidence which permits refinement of our knowledge of these proteins and their interactions at the OMM. The involvement of this system in metabolic microcompartmentation is discussed, as well as possible pathological consequences of its disruption in malignancy and genetic deficiencies of hexokinase, glycerol kinase, and porin.