1
|
Abstract
The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene has provided a window on the evolution of colour polymorphisms. Recent studies have demonstrated associations between MC1R and melanism in a number of wildlife species. Thinhorn sheep ( Ovis dalli Nelson, 1884) are a possible species to test for association between MC1R polymorphisms and melanism. Across their range the pelage colour of thinhorn sheep intergrades between all white phenotypes to very dark phenotypes. Most thinhorn sheep are white; however, there is a 1200 km cline from light to dark sheep that occurs over three genetically distinct polymorphic populations. We sequenced the entire MC1R gene from 40 individuals across the range of thinhorn sheep. We found a single nucleotide polymorphism in MC1R at base pair position 921 that coincided with the geographic cline. However, at the individual level we found no relationship between individual melanism and genotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Loehr
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
- Yukon Territory Department of Environment, Box 2703, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 2C6, Canada
| | - K. Worley
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
- Yukon Territory Department of Environment, Box 2703, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 2C6, Canada
| | - J. Moe
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
- Yukon Territory Department of Environment, Box 2703, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 2C6, Canada
| | - J. Carey
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
- Yukon Territory Department of Environment, Box 2703, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 2C6, Canada
| | - D. W. Coltman
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
- Yukon Territory Department of Environment, Box 2703, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 2C6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Robinson GE, Evans JD, Maleszka R, Robertson HM, Weaver DB, Worley K, Gibbs RA, Weinstock GM. Sweetness and light: illuminating the honey bee genome. Insect Mol Biol 2006; 15:535-9. [PMID: 17069628 PMCID: PMC1761134 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2006.00698.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G E Robinson
- Bee Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, BARC-E, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
The separation of populations by ice sheets into large refugia can account for much of the genetic diversity found in present day populations. The evolutionary implications of small glacial refugia have not been as thoroughly explored. To examine refugial origins of North American mountain sheep Ovis spp., we analyzed a 604 bp portion of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region from 223 O. dalli and O. canadensis. Major refugia were identified in eastern Beringia and southern North America, and we found evidence for two smaller refugia situated between the Laurentide and Cordilleran glaciers. Our results are the first to demonstrate support for survival of any organism in the latter two refugia. These refugia also appear to have conserved a genetic signal that confirms past hybridization of O. dalli and O. canadensis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Loehr
- University of Jyväskylä, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
The confounding effects of population structure complicate efforts to identify regions of the genome under the influence of selection in natural populations. Here we test for evidence of selection in three genes involved in vertebrate immune function - the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), interferon gamma (IFNG) and natural resistance associated macrophage polymorphism (NRAMP) - in highly structured populations of wild thinhorn sheep (Ovis dalli). We examined patterns of variation at microsatellite loci linked to these gene regions and at the DNA sequence level. Simple Watterson's tests indicated balancing selection at all three gene regions. However, evidence for selection was confounded by population structure, as the Watterson's test statistics from linked markers were not outside of the range of values from unlinked and presumably neutral microsatellites. The translated coding sequences of thinhorn IFNG and NRAMP are fixed and identical to those of domestic sheep (Ovis aries). In contrast, the thinhorn MHC DRB locus shows significant evidence of overdominance through both an excess of nonsynonymous substitution and trans-species polymorphism. The failure to detect balancing selection at microsatellite loci linked to the MHC is likely the result of recombination between the markers and expressed gene regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Worley
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lowe AJ, Hicks BJ, Worley K, Ennos RA, Morman JD, Stone G, Watt AD. Genetic differentiation in Scottish populations of the pine beauty moth, Panolis flammea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Bull Entomol Res 2005; 95:517-26. [PMID: 16336701 DOI: 10.1079/ber2005384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Pine beauty moth, Panolis flammea (Denis & Schiffermüller), is a recent but persistent pest of lodgepole pine plantations in Scotland, but exists naturally at low levels within remnants and plantations of Scots pine. To test whether separate host races occur in lodgepole and Scots pine stands and to examine colonization dynamics, allozyme, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and mitochondrial variation were screened within a range of Scottish samples. RAPD analysis indicated limited long distance dispersal (FST=0.099), and significant isolation by distance (P<0.05); but that colonization between more proximate populations was often variable, from extensive to limited exchange. When compared with material from Germany, Scottish samples were found to be more diverse and significantly differentiated for all markers. For mtDNA, two highly divergent groups of haplotypes were evident, one group contained both German and Scottish samples and the other was predominantly Scottish. No genetic differentiation was evident between P. flammea populations sampled from different hosts, and no diversity bottleneck was observed in the lodgepole group. Indeed, lodgepole stands appear to have been colonized on multiple occasions from Scots pine sources and neighbouring populations on different hosts are close to panmixia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A J Lowe
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Edinburgh Research Station, Bush Estate, Scotland, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
The thinhorn sheep (Ovis dalli ssp.) provides a rare example of a North American large mammal that occupies most of its native range and maintains close to ancestral population size. There are currently two recognized subspecies, Dall's sheep (O. d. dalli) and Stone's sheep (O. d. stonei), the validity of which remains uncertain. We investigated the spatial genetic structure of thinhorn sheep populations representing both subspecies by genotyping individuals (n = 919) from across the species range at 12 variable microsatellite loci. We found high levels of genetic diversity within (HE = 0.722) and significant genetic structure among the 24 sampled areas (FST = 0.160). Genetic distance measures and Bayesian clustering analyses revealed the presence of at least eight subpopulations that are delineated by mountain range topology. A strong overall pattern of isolation-by-distance is evident across the sampling range (r = 0.75, P < 0.001) suggesting limited dispersal and extensive philopatry. Partial Mantel tests of this relationship showed mountain range distinctions represent significant barriers to gene flow (P = 0.0001), supporting the Bayesian analyses. Genetic structure was more strongly pronounced in southern Yukon and Alaska than elsewhere. We also show evidence for genetic differences between the two currently recognized thinhorn subspecies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Worley
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, S10 2TN, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Y, Dipple KM, Vilain E, Huang BL, Finlayson G, Therrell BL, Worley K, Deininger P, McCabe ER. AluY insertion (IVS4-52ins316alu) in the glycerol kinase gene from an individual with benign glycerol kinase deficiency. Hum Mutat 2000; 15:316-23. [PMID: 10737976 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-1004(200004)15:4<316::aid-humu3>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Glycerol kinase deficiency has three distinct forms: an isolated form which may be benign or symptomatic, and a complex form which is symptomatic and part of an Xp21 contiguous gene syndrome. Here we report the case of a male with benign isolated glycerol kinase deficiency who was incidentally identified after observation of pseudohypertriglyceridemia. DNA sequencing of this subject's glycerol kinase gene showed the insertion of an AluY sequence in intron 4 of the glycerol kinase gene. Although Alu insertions have been implicated in other diseases, and a closely related AluY element is found as an insert in the C1 inhibitor gene in patients with hereditary angioedema, this is the first case of glycerol kinase deficiency caused by an Alu insertion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, Mattel Children's Hospital at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1782, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang YH, Dipple K, Vilain E, Huang BL, Finlayson G, Therrell B, Worley K, Deininger P, McCabe E. AluY insertion (IVS4-52ins316alu) in the glycerol kinase gene from an individual with benign glycerol kinase deficiency. Hum Mutat 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-1004(200004)15:4<316::aid-humu3>3.3.co;2-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
9
|
Abstract
SUMMARY Full length cDNA sequences are an important resource for the research community but are currently intermingled with other sequences. We have identified the human full length insert cDNA sequences in GenBank and placed them in a single location, the Human Transcript Database. AVAILIBILITY: The Human Transcript Database is available at http://www.hgsc.bcm.tms.edu/HTDB/. CONTACT John Bouck: jbouck@bcm.tmc.edu
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Bouck
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Affiliation(s)
- J Bouck
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gallemore G, Worley K. Cat scratch disease presenting as multifocal osteitis. Tenn Med 1996; 89:289-290. [PMID: 8757779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Gallemore
- Department of Pediatrics, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University 37614-0578, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
The purpose of this project is to relieve the emotional isolation of elders concerned about the manner in which they will die, particularly fears about loss of control. A counselor engaged elders in dialogue exploring nonthreatening ways this could be done. Drama that includes dialogue with the audience was chosen, developed, and performed at their retirement facility and in the wider community. Elders who attend these performances express gratitude and relief at learning they are not alone in their concerns, and for the information about current laws and resources for support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Worley
- Reed College, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Asch's line judgement task was used to compare the susceptibility to social influence of adults with Asperger's syndrome with that of two groups of controls one of which was matched on verbal IQ. There was no overall difference between the three groups' mean rate of conformity but in contrast to both groups of controls, the subjects with Asperger's syndrome were significantly more likely to adopt a consistently conforming or nonconforming strategy. There were also significant differences between the groups in their interaction with the other participants. The implications of the findings are discussed in the context of current theories of autistic social dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D M Bowler
- Department of Psychology, City University, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Guo W, Worley K, Adams V, Mason J, Sylvester-Jackson D, Zhang YH, Towbin JA, Fogt DD, Madu S, Wheeler DA. Genomic scanning for expressed sequences in Xp21 identifies the glycerol kinase gene. Nat Genet 1993; 4:367-72. [PMID: 8401584 DOI: 10.1038/ng0893-367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Rapid genomic scanning methods are required to identify expressed sequences and we report an efficient, sensitive and specific approach which relies upon hybridization of an amplified, labeled cDNA library to digested cosmid DNA. We identified expressed sequences within a cosmid in the glycerol kinase (GK) "critical region" of Xp21 that had impressive similarity to prokaryotic GKs. We used this genomic sequence information to clone the human hepatic GK cDNA. Independent confirmation of the identity of this gene was obtained by functional complementation of GK deficient E. coli mutants with a construct containing the complete human X-linked GK coding sequence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Guo
- Institute for Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Worley K, White JA. Primary immunodeficiencies. J La State Med Soc 1992; 144:497-500. [PMID: 1431479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiencies are rare immune system disorders that present with recurrent and chronic infections of the head and neck. Otitis media, sinusitis, and upper respiratory tract infections develop frequently and present in early childhood. The purpose of this report is to classify and define the primary immunodeficiencies as well as to examine the clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment of these disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Worley
- Dept of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Tulane Univ Medical Center, New Orleans
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Adams V, Griffin L, Towbin J, Gelb B, Worley K, McCabe ER. Porin interaction with hexokinase and glycerol kinase: metabolic microcompartmentation at the outer mitochondrial membrane. Biochem Med Metab Biol 1991; 45:271-91. [PMID: 1710914 DOI: 10.1016/0885-4505(91)90032-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Porin is the pore-forming protein involved in the movement of adenine nucleotides across the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM). Hexokinase and glycerol kinase interact with porin on the outer surface of the OMM in a manner which provides these enzymes with preferred access to the ATP generated in the mitochondrion. We review recent evidence which permits refinement of our knowledge of these proteins and their interactions at the OMM. The involvement of this system in metabolic microcompartmentation is discussed, as well as possible pathological consequences of its disruption in malignancy and genetic deficiencies of hexokinase, glycerol kinase, and porin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Adams
- Institute for Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|