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Zhang S, Xia X, Ke Y, Song S, Shen Z, Cheung S, Liu H. Population dynamics and interactions of Noctiluca scintillans and Mesodinium rubrum during their successive blooms in a subtropical coastal water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:142349. [PMID: 33032128 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A time series field survey were conducted in Port Shelter, a subtropical coastal water in NW Pacific, beginning before the onset of a chain of Noctiluca scintillans and/or Mesodinium rubrum blooms, and ending after the blooms had declined. At the first mixed bloom stage, seed of N. scintillans and the consequent outbreak of both N. scintillans and M. rubrum were largely due to the physical forcing. Plenty food supply and their different feeding habits supported N. scintillans and M. rubrum to bloom massively and concomitantly. Following that, there was a small N. scintillans bloom followed by a small crest of M. rubrum. Their initiation and scale were mainly affected by limited food supply and/or the inferior food source. Sudden change of wind from mild northeast wind to strong southeast wind might contribute to the termination of N. scintillans bloom. Finally, physical accumulation was the most important driving factors of the formation and dispersal of the third and largest bloom of N. scintillans. Formation of these bloom events may involve vertical migration and/or the concentrating mechanism of M. rubrum and N. scintillans. Meanwhile, biotic interactions such as mutual supportive relationship between N. scintillans and M. rubrum, and O. hongkongense fed on the progametes of N. scintillans, as well as other abiotic factors like seawater temperature and rainfall, also play important roles in this series of bloom events. Our findings have important implications for coastal zones worldwide, which are affected recurrently by these two ubiquitous red tide-forming species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, West 55 of Zhongshan Avenue, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Xia
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ying Ke
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Shuqun Song
- Key Lab of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Zhuo Shen
- Institute of Microbial Ecology and Matter Cycle, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, PR China
| | - Shunyan Cheung
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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Gu B, Lee C, Ma X, Tan Y, Liu H, Xia X. Effect of Warming on Growth, Grazing, and Community Composition of Free-Living Bacterioplankton in Subtropical Coastal Waters During Winter and Summer. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:534404. [PMID: 33123098 PMCID: PMC7573218 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.534404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Global warming is considered a major threat to marine ecosystems, which affects bacterioplankton activity, diversity, and community composition. However, few studies focus on the potential effects of warming on bacterioplankton in subtropical coastal waters in different seasons. Here we investigated the influences of warming on growth, grazing and community composition of bacterioplankton in Hong Kong coastal waters during winter and summer via 1-day incubation experiments. Our results revealed that without grazers, bacterioplankton displayed higher growth rate during summer compared to winter, while warming only significantly increased the growth rate of bacterioplankton in winter. Grazers with size <5 μm were major predators of bacterioplankton. Warming had little effect on grazing in summer but significantly enhanced grazing rates of >5 μm grazers in winter. In both seasons, warming had little influence on bacterial diversity and community composition. Nevertheless, in family and OTU levels, bacterioplankton had different responses to grazing and warming which may result from the selective grazing preference of predators and different temperature optima for bacterioplankton. Furthermore, the presence of >5 μm and <5 μm grazers would result in significant increase of some bacterial families under warming condition. Together, our results suggest that warming have direct impacts on bacterioplankton in subtropical coastal waters during winter and may thus affect global biogeochemical cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowei Gu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Candy Lee
- Department of Marine Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yehui Tan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Department of Marine Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.,Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaomin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Inyang AI, Wang YS. Phytoplankton diversity and community responses to physicochemical variables in mangrove zones of Guangzhou Province, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:650-668. [PMID: 32350642 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02209-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The phytoplankton diversity and community response to physicochemical variables in mangrove zones of Guangdong Province along the South China coast was investigated from October to December, 2017. This study was set to investigate the phytoplankton community structure in the mangrove zone and assess the relationship between the physicochemical variables and phytoplankton species diversity. Physicochemical variables such as water temperature, total dissolve solids (tds), pH, salinity, turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC) and nutrient salts were measured in situ across the 27 stations. A total of 451 species of phytoplankton were identified belonging to 10 groups (Bacillariophta > Cyanophyta > Chlorophyta > Euglenophyta > Dinoflagellate > Eubacteria > Ochrophyta > Crytophyta > Rhodophyta > Charophyta) and quantified to constitute a standing crop of 7.11 × 108 cells dm-3. The principal component analysis (PCA) reveals that reactive nitrate, phosphate, electrical conductive (EC) and turbidity were the best abiotic factors that controlled the phytoplankton community structure in the area. However, Cannon Corresponding Analysis and Pearson correlation have explicitly revealed the impact of reactive nitrate, phosphate, EC and turbidity on the phytoplankton community structure. For instance, the CCA ordination revealed that species richness and evenness were positively influenced by reactive nitrate but negatively affected by EC, turbidity and water temperature. Diatoms were mostly controlled by total dissolved solids (tds) and salinity, whereas Euglena, cyanobacteria and green algae were impacted EC and turbidity, apart from the general contribution of the nutrient salts as delineated by CCA ordination. The Shannon diversity index value exposed different levels of organic pollution across the mangrove zone of which GD37 was the most impacted station.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniefiok Ini Inyang
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
- Daya Bay Marine Biology Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518121, China
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - You-Shao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
- Daya Bay Marine Biology Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518121, China.
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
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Heery EC, Hoeksema BW, Browne NK, Reimer JD, Ang PO, Huang D, Friess DA, Chou LM, Loke LHL, Saksena-Taylor P, Alsagoff N, Yeemin T, Sutthacheep M, Vo ST, Bos AR, Gumanao GS, Syed Hussein MA, Waheed Z, Lane DJW, Johan O, Kunzmann A, Jompa J, Taira D, Bauman AG, Todd PA. Urban coral reefs: Degradation and resilience of hard coral assemblages in coastal cities of East and Southeast Asia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 135:654-681. [PMID: 30301085 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Given predicted increases in urbanization in tropical and subtropical regions, understanding the processes shaping urban coral reefs may be essential for anticipating future conservation challenges. We used a case study approach to identify unifying patterns of urban coral reefs and clarify the effects of urbanization on hard coral assemblages. Data were compiled from 11 cities throughout East and Southeast Asia, with particular focus on Singapore, Jakarta, Hong Kong, and Naha (Okinawa). Our review highlights several key characteristics of urban coral reefs, including "reef compression" (a decline in bathymetric range with increasing turbidity and decreasing water clarity over time and relative to shore), dominance by domed coral growth forms and low reef complexity, variable city-specific inshore-offshore gradients, early declines in coral cover with recent fluctuating periods of acute impacts and rapid recovery, and colonization of urban infrastructure by hard corals. We present hypotheses for urban reef community dynamics and discuss potential of ecological engineering for corals in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza C Heery
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Bert W Hoeksema
- Taxonomy and Systematics Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands; Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9505, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Nicola K Browne
- Molecular and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Bentley Campus, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - James D Reimer
- Molecular Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan; Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Put O Ang
- Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Danwei Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore; Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119227, Singapore
| | - Daniel A Friess
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117570, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Loke Ming Chou
- Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119227, Singapore
| | - Lynette H L Loke
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Poonam Saksena-Taylor
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Nadia Alsagoff
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Thamasak Yeemin
- Marine Biodiversity Research Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Huamark, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
| | - Makamas Sutthacheep
- Marine Biodiversity Research Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Huamark, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
| | - Si Tuan Vo
- Institute of Oceanography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 1 Cau Da, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa, Viet Nam
| | - Arthur R Bos
- Department of Biology, The American University in Cairo, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; Taxonomy and Systematics Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Girley S Gumanao
- Marine Biology Department, Davao del Norte State College, New Visayas, 8105 Panabo City, the Philippines
| | - Muhammad Ali Syed Hussein
- Endangered Marine Species Research Unit, Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Zarinah Waheed
- Endangered Marine Species Research Unit, Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - David J W Lane
- Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 2 Conservatory Drive, Singapore 117377, Singapore
| | - Ofri Johan
- Research Institute for Ornamental Fish Culture, Jl. Perikanan No. 13, Pancoran Mas, Kota Depok, Jawa Barat 16436, Indonesia
| | - Andreas Kunzmann
- Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstr. 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Jamaluddin Jompa
- Department of Marine Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Daisuke Taira
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Andrew G Bauman
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Peter A Todd
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore.
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Zhang S, Harrison PJ, Song S, Chen M, Kung HS, Lau WK, Guo C, Wu CJ, Xu J, Liu H. Population dynamics of Noctiluca scintillans during a bloom in a semi-enclosed bay in Hong Kong. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 121:238-248. [PMID: 28610836 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Noctiluca scintillans, a heterotrophic dinoflagellate responsible for most of the red tides in Hong Kong waters was investigated to determine the influence of biotic and abiotic factors in determining its population dynamics. N. scintillans first occurred in January when temperature was ~17°C, and reached a maximum of 1980cellsL-1 one month later. N. scintillans interacted with trophic compartments from picoplankton to mesozooplankton, but its population development was largely related to the availability of phytoplankton, especially diatoms. Growth rates in microcosms (with mainly biological factors) ranged from -0.38 to 1.11d-1 and were similar to the field in situ growth rates (physical and biological factors). Thus, optimum hydrographical conditions (temperature and water stability), and a rich food supply were necessary for N. scintillans to bloom. Its spatial distribution pattern was a result of biological and physical coupling, but mainly controlled by physical accumulation processes such as winds, tides and currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Zhang
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul J Harrison
- Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Shuqun Song
- CAS Key Lab of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mianrun Chen
- South China Sea Marine Engineering and Environment Institute, South China Sea Branch, State Oceanic Administration, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Hiu Suet Kung
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing Keung Lau
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cui Guo
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chih-Jung Wu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
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Wu ML, Wang YS, Gu JD. Assessment for water quality by artificial neural network in Daya Bay, South China Sea. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2015; 24:1632-1642. [PMID: 25847104 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-015-1453-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, artificial neural network such as a self-organizing map (SOM) was used to assess for the effects caused by climate change and human activities on the water quality in Daya Bay, South China Sea. SOM has identified the anthropogenic effects and seasonal characters of water quality. SOM grouped the four seasons as four groups (winter, spring, summer and autumn). The Southeast Asian monsoons, northeasterly from October to the next April and southwesterly from May to September have also an important influence on the water quality in Daya Bay. Spatial pattern is mainly related to anthropogenic activities and hydrodynamics conditions. In spatial characteristics, the water quality in Daya Bay was divided into two groups by chemometrics. The monitoring stations (S3, S8, S10 and S11) were in these area (Dapeng Ao, Aotou Harbor) and northeast parts of Daya Bay, which are areas of human activity. The thermal pollution has been observed near water body in Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant (S5). The rest of the monitoring sites were in the south, central and eastern parts of Daya Bay, which are areas that experience water exchanges from South China Sea. The results of this study may provide information on the spatial and temporal patterns in Daya Bay. Further research will be carry out more research concerning functional changes in the bay ecology with respect to changes in climatic factor, human activities and bay morphology in Daya Bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Lin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - You-Shao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
- Daya Bay Marine Biology Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518121, China.
| | - Ji-Dong Gu
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Ecology & Biodiversity, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Sar, China
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Comparison of the seasonal variations of Synechococcus assemblage structures in estuarine waters and coastal waters of Hong Kong. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:7644-55. [PMID: 26319880 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01895-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Seasonal variation in the phylogenetic composition of Synechococcus assemblages in estuarine and coastal waters of Hong Kong was examined through pyrosequencing of the rpoC1 gene. Sixteen samples were collected in 2009 from two stations representing estuarine and ocean-influenced coastal waters, respectively. Synechococcus abundance in coastal waters gradually increased from 3.6 × 10(3) cells ml(-1) in March, reaching a peak value of 5.7 × 10(5) cells ml(-1) in July, and then gradually decreased to 9.3 × 10(3) cells ml(-1) in December. The changes in Synechococcus abundance in estuarine waters followed a pattern similar to that in coastal waters, whereas its composition shifted from being dominated by phycoerythrin-rich (PE-type) strains in winter to phycocyanin-only (PC-type) strains in summer owing to the increase in freshwater discharge from the Pearl River and higher water temperature. The high abundance of PC-type Synechococcus was composed of subcluster 5.2 marine Synechococcus, freshwater Synechococcus (F-PC), and Cyanobium. The Synechococcus assemblage in the coastal waters, on the other hand, was dominated by marine PE-type Synechococcus, with subcluster 5.1 clades II and VI as the major lineages from April to September, when the summer monsoon prevailed. Besides these two clades, clade III cooccurred with clade V at relatively high abundance in summer. During winter, the Synechococcus assemblage compositions at the two sites were similar and were dominated by subcluster 5.1 clades II and IX and an undescribed clade (represented by Synechococcus sp. strain miyav). Clade IX Synechococcus was a relatively ubiquitous PE-type Synechococcus found at both sites, and our study demonstrates that some strains of the clade have the ability to deal with large variation of salinity in subtropical estuarine environments. Our study suggests that changes in seawater temperature and salinity caused by the seasonal variation of monsoonal forcing are two major determinants of the community composition and abundance of Synechococcus assemblages in Hong Kong waters.
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Chan VBS, Thiyagarajan V, Lu XW, Zhang T, Shih K. Temperature dependent effects of elevated CO2 on shell composition and mechanical properties of Hydroides elegans: insights from a multiple stressor experiment. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78945. [PMID: 24265732 PMCID: PMC3827122 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of marine benthic invertebrates protect themselves from predators by producing calcareous tubes or shells that have remarkable mechanical strength. An elevation of CO2 or a decrease in pH in the environment can reduce intracellular pH at the site of calcification and thus interfere with animal’s ability to accrete CaCO3. In nature, decreased pH in combination with stressors associated with climate change may result in the animal producing severely damaged and mechanically weak tubes. This study investigated how the interaction of environmental drivers affects production of calcareous tubes by the serpulid tubeworm, Hydroides elegans. In a factorial manipulative experiment, we analyzed the effects of pH (8.1 and 7.8), salinity (34 and 27‰), and temperature (23°C and 29°C) on the biomineral composition, ultrastructure and mechanical properties of the tubes. At an elevated temperature of 29°C, the tube calcite/aragonite ratio and Mg/Ca ratio were both increased, the Sr/Ca ratio was decreased, and the amorphous CaCO3 content was reduced. Notably, at elevated temperature with decreased pH and reduced salinity, the constructed tubes had a more compact ultrastructure with enhanced hardness and elasticity compared to decreased pH at ambient temperature. Thus, elevated temperature rescued the decreased pH-induced tube impairments. This indicates that tubeworms are likely to thrive in early subtropical summer climate. In the context of climate change, tubeworms could be resilient to the projected near-future decreased pH or salinity as long as surface seawater temperature rise at least by 4°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera B. S. Chan
- Swire Institute of Marine Sciences and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Vengatesen Thiyagarajan
- Swire Institute of Marine Sciences and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- * E-mail:
| | - Xing Wen Lu
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Kaimin Shih
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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9
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Kumar PS, Khan AB. The distribution and diversity of benthic macroinvertebrate fauna in Pondicherry mangroves, India. AQUATIC BIOSYSTEMS 2013; 9:15. [PMID: 23937801 PMCID: PMC3751066 DOI: 10.1186/2046-9063-9-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Species distribution, abundance and diversity of mangrove benthic macroinvertebrate fauna and the relationships to environmental conditions are important parts of understanding the structure and function of mangrove ecosystems. In this study seasonal variation in the distribution of macrobenthos and related environmental parameters were explored at four mangrove stations along the Pondicherry coast of India, from September 2008 to July 2010. Multivariate statistical analyses, including cluster analysis, principal component analysis and non-multidimensional scales plot were employed to help define trophic status, water quality and benthic characteristic at the four monitoring stations. RESULTS Among the 528 samples collected over 168 ha of mangrove forest 76 species of benthic macroinvertebrate fauna were identified. Macrofauna were mainly composed of deposit feeders, dominated numerically by molluscs and crustaceans. Statistical analyses yielded the following descriptors of benthic macroinvertebrate fauna species distribution: densities between 140-1113 ind. m-2, dominance 0.17-0.50, diversity 1.80-2.83 bits ind-1, richness 0.47-0.74 and evenness 0.45-0.72, equitability 0.38-0.77, berger parker 0.31-0.77 and fisher alpha 2.46-5.70. Increases of species diversity and abundance were recorded during the post monsoon season at station 1 and the lowest diversity was recorded at station 2 during the monsoon season. The pollution indicator organisms Cassidula nucleus, Melampus ceylonicus, Sphaerassiminea minuta were found only at the two most polluted regions, i.e. stations 3 and 4. Benthic macroinvertebrate fauna abundances were inversely related to salinity at the four stations, Based on Bray-Curtis similarity through hierarchical clustering implemented in PAST, it was possible to define three distinct benthic assemblages at the stations. CONCLUSIONS From a different multivariate statistical analysis of the different environmental parameters regarding species diversity and abundance of benthic macroinvertebrate fauna, it was found that benthic communities are highly affected by all the environmental parameters governing the distribution and diversity variation of the macrofaunal community in Pondicherry mangroves. Salinity, dissolved oxygen levels, organic matter content, sulphide concentration were the most significant parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanisamy Satheesh Kumar
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - Anisa Basheer Khan
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
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10
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Lane AC, Mukherjee J, Chan VBS, Thiyagarajan V. Decreased pH does not alter metamorphosis but compromises juvenile calcification of the tube worm Hydroides elegans. MARINE BIOLOGY 2013; 160:1983-1993. [PMID: 24391287 PMCID: PMC3873059 DOI: 10.1007/s00227-012-2056-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Using CO2 perturbation experiments, we examined the pre- and post-settlement growth responses of a dominant biofouling tubeworm (Hydroides elegans) to a range of pH. In three different experiments, embryos were reared to, or past, metamorphosis in seawater equilibrated to CO2 values of about 480 (control), 980, 1,480, and 2,300 μatm resulting in pH values of around 8.1 (control), 7.9, 7.7, and 7.5, respectively. These three decreased pH conditions did not affect either embryo or larval development, but both larval calcification at the time of metamorphosis and early juvenile growth were adversely affected. During the 24-h settlement assay experiment, half of the metamorphosed larvae were unable to calcify tubes at pH 7.9 while almost no tubes were calcified at pH 7.7. Decreased ability to calcify at decreased pH may indicate that these calcifying tubeworms may be one of the highly threatened species in the future ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ackley C. Lane
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Joy Mukherjee
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Vera B. S. Chan
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Vengatesen Thiyagarajan
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR
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Wu ML, Wang YS, Sun CC, Wang H, Dong JD, Yin JP, Han SH. Identification of coastal water quality by statistical analysis methods in Daya Bay, South China Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2010; 60:852-860. [PMID: 20156628 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Revised: 01/02/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA) and the fuzzy logic approach were employed to evaluate the trophic status of water quality for 12 monitoring stations in Daya Bay in 2003. CA grouped the four seasons into four groups (winter, spring, summer and autumn) and the sampling sites into two groups (cluster DA: S1, S2, S4-S7, S9 and S12 and cluster DB: S3, S8, S10 and S11). PCA identified the temporal and spatial characteristics of trophic status in Daya Bay. Cluster DB, with higher concentrations of TP and DIN, is located in the western and northern parts of Daya Bay. Cluster DA, with the low Secchi, is located in the southern and eastern parts of Daya Bay. The fuzzy logic approach revealed more information about the temporal and spatial patterns of the trophic status of water quality. Chlorophyll a, TP and Secchi may be major factors for deteriorating water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Lin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Environmental Dynamics, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
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12
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Wu ML, Wang YS, Sun CC, Wang H, Dong JD, Han SH. Identification of anthropogenic effects and seasonality on water quality in Daya Bay, South China Sea. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2009; 90:3082-3090. [PMID: 19520489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2008] [Revised: 03/18/2009] [Accepted: 04/22/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Thirteen water quality parameters from 12 monitoring stations were collected to study the effects caused by climate and anthropogenic activities on water quality in 2003 in Daya Bay, South China Sea. The data matrix has been built according to the results, which were analyzed by fuzzy c-mean cluster (FCM) and cluster analysis (CA). This analysis has identified anthropogenic effects and seasonal characters of water quality. The dry and wet seasonality have been demonstrated with FCM and CA. The precipitation and the Southeast Asian monsoons, northeasterly from October to the next April and southwesterly from May to September have also an important influence on water quality in Daya Bay. In the spatial pattern, two groups have been classified with FCM and CA. Cluster I consisted of the sites S3, S8, S10 and S11 in the west and north coastal parts of Daya Bay. Cluster I is mainly related to anthropogenic activities such as fish-farming. Cluster II consisted of the rest of the stations in the center, east and south parts of Daya Bay. Cluster II is mainly related to seawater input from South China Sea. Thus, fuzzy c-mean cluster and cluster analysis can be an important tool for the successful characterization of regional-scale water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Lin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Environmental Dynamics, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
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Wang YS, Lou ZP, Sun CC, Sun S. Ecological environment changes in Daya Bay, China, from 1982 to 2004. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2008; 56:1871-1879. [PMID: 18783802 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2008] [Revised: 06/18/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Data collected from 12 marine monitoring stations in Daya Bay from 1982 to 2004 reveal a substantial change in the ecological environment of this region. The average N/P ratio increased from 1.377 in 1985 to 49.09 in 2004. Algal species changed from 159 species of 46 genera in 1982 to 126 species of 44 genera in 2004. Major zooplankton species went from 46 species in 1983 to 36 species in 2004. The annual mean biomass of benthic animals was recorded at 123.10 g m(-2) in 1982 and 126.68 g m(-2) in 2004. Mean biomass and species of benthic animals near nuclear power plants ranged from 317.9 g m(-2) in 1991 to 45.24 g m(-2) in 2004 and from 250 species in 1991 to 177 species in 2004. A total of 12-19 species of hermatypic corals and 13 species of mangrove plants were observed in Daya Bay from 1984 to 2002.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Shao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Environmental Dynamics, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
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Zhou F, Liu Y, Guo H. Application of multivariate statistical methods to water quality assessment of the watercourses in Northwestern New Territories, Hong Kong. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2007; 132:1-13. [PMID: 17171256 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-006-9497-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2006] [Accepted: 09/15/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Multivariate statistical methods, i.e., cluster analysis (CA) and discriminant analysis (DA), were used to assess temporal and spatial variations in the water quality of the watercourses in the Northwestern New Territories, Hong Kong, over a period of five years (2000-2004) using 23 parameters at 23 different sites (31,740 observations). Hierarchical CA grouped the 12 months into two periods (the first and second periods) and classified the 23 monitoring sites into three groups (group A, group B, and group C) based on similarities of water quality characteristics. DA provided better results with great discriminatory ability for both temporal and spatial analysis. DA also provided an important data reduction because it only used six parameters (pH, temperature, five-day biochemical oxygen demand, fecal coliforms, Fe, and Ni) for temporal analysis, affording about 84% correct assignations, and seven parameters (pH, ammonia-nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, fecal coliforms, Fe, Ni, and Zn) for spatial analysis, affording more than 90% correct assignations. Therefore, DA allowed a reduction in the dimensionality of the large data set and indicated a few significant parameters that were responsible for most of the variations in water quality. Thus, this study demonstrated that the multivariate statistical methods are useful for interpreting complex data sets in the analysis of temporal and spatial variations in water quality and the optimization of regional water quality monitoring network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhou
- College of Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China.
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Zhou F, Guo H, Liu Y, Jiang Y. Chemometrics data analysis of marine water quality and source identification in Southern Hong Kong. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2007; 54:745-56. [PMID: 17320914 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2006] [Revised: 10/03/2006] [Accepted: 01/09/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Various chemometric methods were used to analyze data sets of marine water quality for 19 parameters measured at 16 different sites of southern Hong Kong from 2000 to 2004 (18,240 observations), to determine temporal and spatial variations in marine water quality and identify pollution sources. Hierarchical cluster analysis (CA) grouped the 12 months into three periods (January-April, May-August and September-December) and the 16 sampling sites into two groups (A and B) based on similarities in marine water-quality characteristics. Discriminant analysis (DA) was important in data reduction because it used only eight parameters (TEMP, TURB, Si, NO(3)(-)-N, NH(4)(+)-N, NO(2)(-)-N, DO, and Chl-a) to correctly assign about 86% of the cases, and five parameters (SD, NH(4)(+)-N, TP, NO(2)(-)-N, and BOD(5)) to correctly assign >81.15% of the cases. In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) identified four latent pollution sources for groups A and B: organic/eutrophication pollution, natural pollution, mineral pollution, and nutrient/fecal pollution. Furthermore, during the second and third periods, all sites received more organic/eutrophication pollution and natural pollution than in the first period. SM5, SM6, SM17, SM10, SM11, SM12, and SM13 (second period) were affected by organic and eutrophication pollution, whereas SM3 (third period) and SM9 (second period) were influenced by natural pollution. However, differences between mineral pollution and nutrient/fecal pollution were not significant among the three periods. SM17 and SM10 were affected by mineral pollution, whereas SM4 and SM9 were highly polluted by nitrogenous nutrient/fecal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhou
- College of Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
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Zhou F, Guo HC, Liu Y, Hao ZJ. Identification and spatial patterns of coastal water pollution sources based on GIS and chemometric approach. J Environ Sci (China) 2007; 19:805-810. [PMID: 17966867 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(07)60135-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive and joint applications of GIS and chemometric approach were applied in identification and spatial patterns of coastal water pollution sources with a large data set (5 years (2000-2004), 17 parameters) obtained through coastal water monitoring of Southern Water Control Zone in Hong Kong. According to cluster analysis the pollution degree was significantly different between September-next May (the 1st period) and June-August (the 2nd period). Based on these results, four potential pollution sources, such as organic/eutrophication pollution, natural pollution, mineral/anthropic pollution and fecal pollution were identified by factor analysis/principal component analysis. Then the factor scores of each monitoring site were analyzed using inverse distance weighting method, and the results indicated degree of the influence by various potential pollution sources differed among the monitoring sites. This study indicated that hybrid approach was useful and effective for identification of coastal water pollution source and spatial patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhou
- College of Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Tsui MTK, Cheung KC, Tam NFY, Wong MH. A comparative study on metal sorption by brown seaweed. CHEMOSPHERE 2006; 65:51-7. [PMID: 16631232 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2005] [Revised: 02/14/2006] [Accepted: 03/01/2006] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the sorption of Ag, Cd, Co, Cd, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn by a Ca-treated Sargassum biomass at pH 5.0, under low and high ionic strength (IS) conditions. The sorption isotherms of As [As(V)] and Cr [Cr(III) and Cr(VI)] were also determined at low IS. The isotherm data for the eight cationic metals and Cr(III) were well fitted by Langmuir equations. Generally, the maximum metal uptake (Umax) followed: Cr(III) > Pb approximately Cu > Ag approximately Zn approximately Cd > Ni approximately Mn approximately Co >> Cr(VI) >> As(V) at low IS and Pb > Cu > Co > Mn approximately Cd > Zn approximately Ag > Ni at high IS. As(V) did not bind to the seaweed at pH 5.0. The results indicated that sorption of Pb was not affected by the increasing IS, though the percentage of free Pb ions in the water was greatly reduced as predicted by the speciation model. High IS lowered Umax by 10-36% (except Co and Pb), and lowered the affinity constant of the metal by 33-91% for all cationic metals, as compared to low IS. Moreover, the removal efficiency of the cationic metals and Cr decreased exponentially with initial metal concentrations and was lower at high IS. Ion-exchange was the mechanism responsible for the cationic metal sorption onto the seaweed, and Na ion interfered with the cationic metal binding through electrostatic interaction. In conclusion, this study showed the differential binding capacity of the Sargassm biomass for different metals and oxidation states and the differential effects of IS. According to the present results, Sargassum may be considered a good biosorbent for cationic metals (especially Pb) in both low and high-salt containing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin T K Tsui
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
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Bald J, Borja A, Muxika I, Franco J, Valencia V. Assessing reference conditions and physico-chemical status according to the European Water Framework Directive: a case-study from the Basque Country (Northern Spain). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2005; 50:1508-22. [PMID: 16038947 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The European Water Framework Directive requires the development of new and accurate methodologies, addressing the assessment of the physico-chemical status of transitional and coastal waters; these are considered by the Directive as the supporting elements for the final evaluation of the Ecological Quality Status. This contribution develops new approaches in the determination of the physico-chemical status, solving some problems detected in previous contributions, i.e.: (a) fitting the classification of water bodies and typologies, by means of the stretching of the typologies, according to the natural salinity gradient of types; (b) defining reference conditions, based upon the new approach to typologies, (c) proposing accurate multivariate methodologies, in determining the physico-chemical status of the transitional and coastal waters, based upon the defined typologies and references; and (d) discussion of the results obtained by reference to methodological aspects and water quality evolution in the Basque Country, Spain (as a case-study), during the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bald
- AZTI-Tecnalia, Marine Research Division, 20110 Pasajes, Spain.
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