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Williams TA, Monticone S, Schack VR, Stindl J, Burrello J, Buffolo F, Annaratone L, Castellano I, Beuschlein F, Reincke M, Lucatello B, Ronconi V, Fallo F, Bernini G, Maccario M, Giacchetti G, Veglio F, Warth R, Vilsen B, Mulatero P. Somatic
ATP1A1
,
ATP2B3
, and
KCNJ5
Mutations in Aldosterone-Producing Adenomas. Hypertension 2014; 63:188-95. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.01733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs) cause a sporadic form of primary aldosteronism and somatic mutations in the
KCNJ5
gene, which encodes the G-protein–activated inward rectifier K
+
channel 4, GIRK4, account for ≈40% of APAs. Additional somatic APA mutations were identified recently in 2 other genes,
ATP1A1
and
ATP2B3
, encoding Na
+
/K
+
-ATPase 1 and Ca
2+
-ATPase 3, respectively, at a combined prevalence of 6.8%. We have screened 112 APAs for mutations in known hotspots for genetic alterations associated with primary aldosteronism. Somatic mutations in
ATP1A1
,
ATP2B3
, and
KCNJ5
were present in 6.3%, 0.9%, and 39.3% of APAs, respectively, and included 2 novel mutations (Na
+
/K
+
-ATPase p.Gly99Arg and GIRK4 p.Trp126Arg).
CYP11B2
gene expression was higher in APAs harboring
ATP1A1
and
ATP2B3
mutations compared with those without these or
KCNJ5
mutations. Overexpression of Na
+
/K
+
-ATPase p.Gly99Arg and GIRK4 p.Trp126Arg in HAC15 adrenal cells resulted in upregulation of
CYP11B2
gene expression and its transcriptional regulator
NR4A2.
Structural modeling of the Na
+
/K
+
-ATPase showed that the Gly99Arg substitution most likely interferes with the gateway to the ion binding pocket. In vitro functional assays demonstrated that Gly99Arg displays severely impaired ATPase activity, a reduced apparent affinity for Na
+
activation of phosphorylation and K
+
inhibition of phosphorylation that indicate decreased Na
+
and K
+
binding, respectively. Moreover, whole cell patch-clamp studies established that overexpression of Na
+
/K
+
-ATPase Gly99Arg causes membrane voltage depolarization. In conclusion, somatic mutations are common in APAs that result in an increase in
CYP11B2
gene expression and may account for the dysregulated aldosterone production in a subset of patients with sporadic primary aldosteronism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Ann Williams
- From the Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension (T.A.W., S.M., J.B., F. Buffolo, F.V., P.M.), Division of Pathology (L.A., I.C.), and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (B.L., M.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (V.R.S., B.V.); Medical Cell Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (J.S., R.W.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians
| | - Silvia Monticone
- From the Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension (T.A.W., S.M., J.B., F. Buffolo, F.V., P.M.), Division of Pathology (L.A., I.C.), and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (B.L., M.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (V.R.S., B.V.); Medical Cell Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (J.S., R.W.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians
| | - Vivien R. Schack
- From the Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension (T.A.W., S.M., J.B., F. Buffolo, F.V., P.M.), Division of Pathology (L.A., I.C.), and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (B.L., M.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (V.R.S., B.V.); Medical Cell Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (J.S., R.W.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians
| | - Julia Stindl
- From the Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension (T.A.W., S.M., J.B., F. Buffolo, F.V., P.M.), Division of Pathology (L.A., I.C.), and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (B.L., M.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (V.R.S., B.V.); Medical Cell Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (J.S., R.W.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians
| | - Jacopo Burrello
- From the Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension (T.A.W., S.M., J.B., F. Buffolo, F.V., P.M.), Division of Pathology (L.A., I.C.), and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (B.L., M.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (V.R.S., B.V.); Medical Cell Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (J.S., R.W.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians
| | - Fabrizio Buffolo
- From the Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension (T.A.W., S.M., J.B., F. Buffolo, F.V., P.M.), Division of Pathology (L.A., I.C.), and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (B.L., M.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (V.R.S., B.V.); Medical Cell Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (J.S., R.W.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians
| | - Laura Annaratone
- From the Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension (T.A.W., S.M., J.B., F. Buffolo, F.V., P.M.), Division of Pathology (L.A., I.C.), and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (B.L., M.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (V.R.S., B.V.); Medical Cell Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (J.S., R.W.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians
| | - Isabella Castellano
- From the Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension (T.A.W., S.M., J.B., F. Buffolo, F.V., P.M.), Division of Pathology (L.A., I.C.), and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (B.L., M.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (V.R.S., B.V.); Medical Cell Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (J.S., R.W.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians
| | - Felix Beuschlein
- From the Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension (T.A.W., S.M., J.B., F. Buffolo, F.V., P.M.), Division of Pathology (L.A., I.C.), and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (B.L., M.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (V.R.S., B.V.); Medical Cell Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (J.S., R.W.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians
| | - Martin Reincke
- From the Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension (T.A.W., S.M., J.B., F. Buffolo, F.V., P.M.), Division of Pathology (L.A., I.C.), and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (B.L., M.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (V.R.S., B.V.); Medical Cell Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (J.S., R.W.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians
| | - Barbara Lucatello
- From the Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension (T.A.W., S.M., J.B., F. Buffolo, F.V., P.M.), Division of Pathology (L.A., I.C.), and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (B.L., M.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (V.R.S., B.V.); Medical Cell Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (J.S., R.W.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians
| | - Vanessa Ronconi
- From the Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension (T.A.W., S.M., J.B., F. Buffolo, F.V., P.M.), Division of Pathology (L.A., I.C.), and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (B.L., M.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (V.R.S., B.V.); Medical Cell Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (J.S., R.W.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians
| | - Francesco Fallo
- From the Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension (T.A.W., S.M., J.B., F. Buffolo, F.V., P.M.), Division of Pathology (L.A., I.C.), and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (B.L., M.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (V.R.S., B.V.); Medical Cell Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (J.S., R.W.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians
| | - Giampaolo Bernini
- From the Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension (T.A.W., S.M., J.B., F. Buffolo, F.V., P.M.), Division of Pathology (L.A., I.C.), and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (B.L., M.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (V.R.S., B.V.); Medical Cell Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (J.S., R.W.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians
| | - Mauro Maccario
- From the Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension (T.A.W., S.M., J.B., F. Buffolo, F.V., P.M.), Division of Pathology (L.A., I.C.), and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (B.L., M.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (V.R.S., B.V.); Medical Cell Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (J.S., R.W.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians
| | - Gilberta Giacchetti
- From the Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension (T.A.W., S.M., J.B., F. Buffolo, F.V., P.M.), Division of Pathology (L.A., I.C.), and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (B.L., M.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (V.R.S., B.V.); Medical Cell Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (J.S., R.W.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians
| | - Franco Veglio
- From the Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension (T.A.W., S.M., J.B., F. Buffolo, F.V., P.M.), Division of Pathology (L.A., I.C.), and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (B.L., M.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (V.R.S., B.V.); Medical Cell Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (J.S., R.W.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians
| | - Richard Warth
- From the Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension (T.A.W., S.M., J.B., F. Buffolo, F.V., P.M.), Division of Pathology (L.A., I.C.), and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (B.L., M.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (V.R.S., B.V.); Medical Cell Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (J.S., R.W.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians
| | - Bente Vilsen
- From the Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension (T.A.W., S.M., J.B., F. Buffolo, F.V., P.M.), Division of Pathology (L.A., I.C.), and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (B.L., M.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (V.R.S., B.V.); Medical Cell Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (J.S., R.W.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians
| | - Paolo Mulatero
- From the Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension (T.A.W., S.M., J.B., F. Buffolo, F.V., P.M.), Division of Pathology (L.A., I.C.), and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (B.L., M.M.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (V.R.S., B.V.); Medical Cell Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (J.S., R.W.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians
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