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Cui Y, Ma J, Ye W, Han Z, Dong F, Deng J, Zhang Q. Chrysotile and rock wool fibers induce chromosome aberrations and DNA damage in V79 lung fibroblast cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:22328-22333. [PMID: 28685333 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9403-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
According to global estimates, at least 107,000 people die each year from asbestos-related lung cancer, mesothelioma, and asbestosis resulting from occupational exposure. Chrysotile accounts for approximately 90% of asbestos used worldwide. Artificial substitutes can also be cytotoxic to the same degree as chrysotile. But only a few researchers focused on their genetic effects and mutagenicity information which is useful in evaluating the carcinogenicity of chemicals. In this study, chrysotile from Mangnai, Qinghai, China, and an artificial substitute, rock wool fiber were prepared as suspensions and were tested at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 μg/ml in V79 lung fibroblasts. Chromosome aberrations were detected by micronucleus assay after exposure for 24 h, and DNA damage were estimated by single cell gel electrophoresis after exposure for 12, 24, or 48 h. According to the results, chrysotile and rock wool fibers caused micronuclei to form in a dose-dependent manner in V79 cells; olive tail moment values increased in a dose- and time-dependent manner. When V79 cells were exposed to a concentration of 200 μg/ml, the degree of DNA damage induced by chrysotile fibers was greater than rock wool fibers. Our study suggests that both chrysotile and rock wool fibers could induce chromosome aberrations and DNA damage. These materials are worthy of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cui
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, 404 Hospital of Mianyang, Mianyang, 621000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Ye
- B-Ultrasound Room, Yilong County People's Hospital of Nanchong City, Nanchong, 637676, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixia Han
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Faqin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and the Resource Recycle, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, 404 Hospital of Mianyang, Mianyang, 621000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingbi Zhang
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang T, Lv L, Huang Y, Ren X, Shi Q. Chromosome nondisjunction during bipolar mitoses of binucleated intermediates promote aneuploidy formation along with multipolar mitoses rather than chromosome loss in micronuclei induced by asbestos. Oncotarget 2017; 8:11030-11041. [PMID: 28038458 PMCID: PMC5355243 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Asbestos is a well-known occupational carcinogen that can cause aneuploidy during the early stages of neoplastic development. To explore the origins of asbestos-induced aneuploidy, we performed long-term live-cell imaging followed by fluorescence in situ hybridization of chromosomes 8 and 12 in human bronchial epithelial (HBEC) and mesothelial (MeT5A) cells. We demonstrate that asbestos induces aneuploidy via binucleated intermediates resulting from cytokinesis failure. On the one hand, asbestos increases chromosome nondisjunction during bipolar divisions of binucleated intermediates and produces near-tetraploidy. On the other hand, asbestos increases multipolar divisions of binucleated intermediates to produce aneuploidy. Surprisingly, chromosomes in asbestos-induced micronucleated cells are not truly lost by the cells, and do not contribute to aneuploid cell formation in either cell type. These results clarify the cellular source of asbestos-induced aneuploidy. In particular, they show the asbestos-induced disruption of bipolar chromosomal segregation in tetraploid cells, thereby demonstrating the causality between binucleated intermediates and aneuploidy evolution, rather than chromosome loss in micronuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei Zhang
- Molecular and Cell Genetics Laboratory, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Lv
- Molecular and Cell Genetics Laboratory, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Molecular and Cell Genetics Laboratory, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaohui Ren
- Molecular and Cell Genetics Laboratory, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Qinghua Shi
- Molecular and Cell Genetics Laboratory, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Shanghai 200438, China
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Cortez BA, Rezende-Teixeira P, Redick S, Doxsey S, Machado-Santelli GM. Multipolar mitosis and aneuploidy after chrysotile treatment: a consequence of abscission failure and cytokinesis regression. Oncotarget 2016; 7:8979-92. [PMID: 26788989 PMCID: PMC4891019 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrysotile, like other types of asbestos, has been associated with mesothelioma, lung cancer and asbestosis. However, the cellular abnormalities induced by these fibers involved in cancer development have not been elucidated yet. Previous works show that chrysotile fibers induce features of cancer cells, such as aneuploidy, multinucleation and multipolar mitosis. In the present study, normal and cancer derived human cell lines were treated with chrysotile and the cellular and molecular mechanisms related to generation of aneuploid cells was elucidated. The first alteration observed was cytokinesis regression, the main cause of multinucleated cells formation and centrosome amplification. The multinucleated cells formed after cytokinesis regression were able to progress through cell cycle and generated aneuploid cells after abnormal mitosis. To understand the process of cytokinesis regression, localization of cytokinetic proteins was investigated. It was observed mislocalization of Anillin, Aurora B, Septin 9 and Alix in the intercellular bridge, and no determination of secondary constriction and abscission sites. Fiber treatment also led to overexpression of genes related to cancer, cytokinesis and cell cycle. The results show that chrysotile fibers induce cellular and molecular alterations in normal and tumor cells that have been related to cancer initiation and progression, and that tetraploidization and aneuploid cell formation are striking events after fiber internalization, which could generate a favorable context to cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Araujo Cortez
- Depto Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.,Depto Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Paula Rezende-Teixeira
- Depto Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Sambra Redick
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Stephen Doxsey
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Glaucia Maria Machado-Santelli
- Depto Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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Fujitani T, Hojo M, Inomata A, Ogata A, Hirose A, Nishimura T, Nakae D. Teratogenicity of asbestos in mice. J Toxicol Sci 2014; 39:363-70. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.39.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Fujitani
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health
| | - Motoki Hojo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health
| | - Akiko Inomata
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health
| | - Akio Ogata
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health
| | - Akihiko Hirose
- Division of Risk Assessment, Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Science
| | | | - Dai Nakae
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health
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HELMIG SIMONE, DOPP ELKE, WENZEL SIBYLLE, WALTER DIRK, SCHNEIDER JOACHIM. Induction of altered mRNA expression profiles caused by fibrous and granular dust. Mol Med Rep 2013; 9:217-28. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Kim JS, Song KS, Yu IJ. Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 31:747-57. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233713483201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have extensive potential industrial applications due to their unique physical and chemical properties; yet this also increases the chance of human and environment exposure to SWCNTs. Due to the current lack of hazardous effect information on SWNCTs, a standardized genotoxicity battery test was conducted to clarify the genetic toxicity potential of SWCNTs (diameter: 1–1.2 nm, length: ∼20 μm) according to Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development test guidelines 471 (bacterial reverse mutation test), 473 ( in vitro chromosome aberration test), and 474 ( in vivo micronuclei test) with a good laboratory practice system. The test results showed that the SWCNTs did not induce significant bacterial reverse mutations at 31.3–500 μg/plate in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537 or in Escherichia coli strain WP2uvrA, with and without a metabolic activation system. Furthermore, the in vitro chromosome aberration test showed no significant increase in structural or numerical chromosome aberration frequencies at SWCNT dose levels of 12.5–50 μg/ml in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. However, dose-dependent cell growth inhibition was found at all the SWCNT dose levels and statistically significant cytotoxic effects observed at certain concentrations in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. Finally, the SWCNTs did not evoke significant in vivo micronuclei frequencies in the polychromatic erythrocytes of an imprinting control region mice at 25–100 mg/kg. Thus, according to the results of the present study, the SWCNTs were not found to have a genotoxic effect on the in vitro and in vivo test systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sik Kim
- Toxicity Evaluation Center, Korea Conformity Laboratories, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Seuk Song
- Toxicity Evaluation Center, Korea Conformity Laboratories, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Je Yu
- Institute of Nanoproduct Safety Research, Hoseo University, Asan, Republic of Korea
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Cortez BDA, Quassollo G, Caceres A, Machado-Santelli GM. The fate of chrysotile-induced multipolar mitosis and aneuploid population in cultured lung cancer cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18600. [PMID: 21483691 PMCID: PMC3071733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrysotile is one of the six types of asbestos, and it is the only one that can still be commercialized in many countries. Exposure to other types of asbestos has been associated with serious diseases, such as lung carcinomas and pleural mesotheliomas. The association of chrysotile exposure with disease is controversial. However, in vitro studies show the mutagenic potential of chrysotile, which can induce DNA and cell damage. The present work aimed to analyze alterations in lung small cell carcinoma cultures after 48 h of chrysotile exposure, followed by 2, 4 and 8 days of recovery in fiber-free culture medium. Some alterations, such as aneuploid cell formation, increased number of cells in G2/M phase and cells in multipolar mitosis were observed even after 8 days of recovery. The presence of chrysotile fibers in the cell cultures was detected and cell morphology was observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy. After 4 and 8 days of recovery, only a few chrysotile fragments were present in some cells, and the cellular morphology was similar to that of control cells. Cells transfected with the GFP-tagged α-tubulin plasmid were treated with chrysotile for 24 or 48 h and cells in multipolar mitosis were observed by time-lapse microscopy. Fates of these cells were established: retention in metaphase, cell death, progression through M phase generating more than two daughter cells or cell fusion during telophase or cytokinesis. Some of them were related to the formation of aneuploid cells and cells with abnormal number of centrosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz de Araujo Cortez
- Departamento Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
- Departamento Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Gonzalo Quassollo
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra (INIMEC-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alfredo Caceres
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra (INIMEC-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Glaucia Maria Machado-Santelli
- Departamento Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
- * E-mail:
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Kisin ER, Murray AR, Sargent L, Lowry D, Chirila M, Siegrist KJ, Schwegler-Berry D, Leonard S, Castranova V, Fadeel B, Kagan VE, Shvedova AA. Genotoxicity of carbon nanofibers: are they potentially more or less dangerous than carbon nanotubes or asbestos? Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 252:1-10. [PMID: 21310169 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The production of carbon nanofibers and nanotubes (CNF/CNT) and their composite products is increasing globally. CNF are generating great interest in industrial sectors such as energy production and electronics, where alternative materials may have limited performance or are produced at a much higher cost. However, despite the increasing industrial use of carbon nanofibers, information on their potential adverse health effects is limited. In the current study, we examine the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of carbon-based nanofibers (Pyrograf®-III) and compare this material with the effects of asbestos fibers (crocidolite) or single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT). The genotoxic effects in the lung fibroblast (V79) cell line were examined using two complementary assays: the comet assay and micronucleus (MN) test. In addition, we utilized fluorescence in situ hybridization to detect the chromatin pan-centromeric signals within the MN indicating their origin by aneugenic (chromosomal malsegregation) or clastogenic (chromosome breakage) mechanisms. Cytotoxicity tests revealed a concentration- and time-dependent loss of V79 cell viability after exposure to all tested materials in the following sequence: asbestos>CNF>SWCNT. Additionally, cellular uptake and generation of oxygen radicals was seen in the murine RAW264.7 macrophages following exposure to CNF or asbestos but not after administration of SWCNT. DNA damage and MN induction were found after exposure to all tested materials with the strongest effect seen for CNF. Finally, we demonstrated that CNF induced predominantly centromere-positive MN in primary human small airway epithelial cells (SAEC) indicating aneugenic events. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the possible mechanisms involved in CNF-induced genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Kisin
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Lab Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
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Kirkland D, Reeve L, Gatehouse D, Vanparys P. A core in vitro genotoxicity battery comprising the Ames test plus the in vitro micronucleus test is sufficient to detect rodent carcinogens and in vivo genotoxins. Mutat Res 2011; 721:27-73. [PMID: 21238603 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In vitro genotoxicity testing needs to include tests in both bacterial and mammalian cells, and be able to detect gene mutations, chromosomal damage and aneuploidy. This may be achieved by a combination of the Ames test (detects gene mutations) and the in vitro micronucleus test (MNvit), since the latter detects both chromosomal aberrations and aneuploidy. In this paper we therefore present an analysis of an existing database of rodent carcinogens and a new database of in vivo genotoxins in terms of the in vitro genotoxicity tests needed to detect their in vivo activity. Published in vitro data from at least one test system (most were from the Ames test) were available for 557 carcinogens and 405 in vivo genotoxins. Because there are fewer publications on the MNvit than for other mammalian cell tests, and because the concordance between the MNvit and the in vitro chromosomal aberration (CAvit) test is so high for clastogenic activity, positive results in the CAvit test were taken as indicative of a positive result in the MNvit where there were no, or only inadequate data for the latter. Also, because Hprt and Tk loci both detect gene-mutation activity, a positive Hprt test was taken as indicative of a mouse-lymphoma Tk assay (MLA)-positive, where there were no data for the latter. Almost all of the 962 rodent carcinogens and in vivo genotoxins were detected by an in vitro battery comprising Ames+MNvit. An additional 11 carcinogens and six in vivo genotoxins would apparently be detected by the MLA, but many of these had not been tested in the MNvit or CAvit tests. Only four chemicals emerge as potentially being more readily detected in MLA than in Ames+MNvit--benzyl acetate, toluene, morphine and thiabendazole--and none of these are convincing cases to argue for the inclusion of the MLA in addition to Ames+MNvit. Thus, there is no convincing evidence that any genotoxic rodent carcinogens or in vivo genotoxins would remain undetected in an in vitro test battery consisting of Ames+MNvit.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kirkland
- Kirkland Consulting, PO Box 79, Tadcaster LS24 0AS, United Kingdom.
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Bunderson-Schelvan M, Pfau JC, Crouch R, Holian A. Nonpulmonary outcomes of asbestos exposure. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2011; 14:122-52. [PMID: 21534087 PMCID: PMC3118539 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2011.556048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The adverse pulmonary effects of asbestos are well accepted in scientific circles. However, the extrapulmonary consequences of asbestos exposure are not as clearly defined. In this review the potential for asbestos to produce diseases of the peritoneum, immune, gastrointestinal (GIT), and reproductive systems are explored as evidenced in published, peer-reviewed literature. Several hundred epidemiological, in vivo, and in vitro publications analyzing the extrapulmonary effects of asbestos were used as sources to arrive at the conclusions and to establish areas needing further study. In order to be considered, each study had to monitor extrapulmonary outcomes following exposure to asbestos. The literature supports a strong association between asbestos exposure and peritoneal neoplasms. Correlations between asbestos exposure and immune-related disease are less conclusive; nevertheless, it was concluded from the combined autoimmune studies that there is a possibility for a higher-than-expected risk of systemic autoimmune disease among asbestos-exposed populations. In general, the GIT effects of asbestos exposure appear to be minimal, with the most likely outcome being development of stomach cancer. However, IARC recently concluded the evidence to support asbestos-induced stomach cancer to be "limited." The strongest evidence for reproductive disease due to asbestos is in regard to ovarian cancer. Unfortunately, effects on fertility and the developing fetus are under-studied. The possibility of other asbestos-induced health effects does exist. These include brain-related tumors, blood disorders due to the mutagenic and hemolytic properties of asbestos, and peritoneal fibrosis. It is clear from the literature that the adverse properties of asbestos are not confined to the pulmonary system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Bunderson-Schelvan
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59801, USA.
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Huang SXL, Jaurand MC, Kamp DW, Whysner J, Hei TK. Role of mutagenicity in asbestos fiber-induced carcinogenicity and other diseases. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2011; 14:179-245. [PMID: 21534089 PMCID: PMC3118525 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2011.556051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The cellular and molecular mechanisms of how asbestos fibers induce cancers and other diseases are not well understood. Both serpentine and amphibole asbestos fibers have been shown to induce oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, cellular toxicity and tissue injuries, genetic changes, and epigenetic alterations in target cells in vitro and tissues in vivo. Most of these mechanisms are believe to be shared by both fiber-induced cancers and noncancerous diseases. This article summarizes the findings from existing literature with a focus on genetic changes, specifically, mutagenicity of asbestos fibers. Thus far, experimental evidence suggesting the involvement of mutagenesis in asbestos carcinogenicity is more convincing than asbestos-induced fibrotic diseases. The potential contributions of mutagenicity to asbestos-induced diseases, with an emphasis on carcinogenicity, are reviewed from five aspects: (1) whether there is a mutagenic mode of action (MOA) in fiber-induced carcinogenesis; (2) mutagenicity/carcinogenicity at low dose; (3) biological activities that contribute to mutagenicity and impact of target tissue/cell type; (4) health endpoints with or without mutagenicity as a key event; and finally, (5) determinant factors of toxicity in mutagenicity. At the end of this review, a consensus statement of what is known, what is believed to be factual but requires confirmation, and existing data gaps, as well as future research needs and directions, is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah X. L. Huang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marie-Claude Jaurand
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), Paris, France
| | - David W. Kamp
- Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - John Whysner
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tom K. Hei
- Address correspondence to Tom K. Hei, Center for Radiological Research, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University. 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA. E-mail:
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In Vitro Study of Mutagenesis Induced by Crocidolite-Exposed Alveolar Macrophages NR8383 in Cocultured Big Blue Rat2 Embryonic Fibroblasts. J Toxicol 2010; 2010:323828. [PMID: 20628587 PMCID: PMC2901601 DOI: 10.1155/2010/323828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Revised: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Asbestos-induced mutagenicity in the lung may involve reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) released by alveolar macrophages. With the aim of proposing an alternative in vitro mutagenesis test, a coculture system of rat alveolar macrophages (NR8383) and transgenic Big Blue Rat2 embryonic fibroblasts was developed and tested with a crocidolite sample. Crocidolite exposure induced no detectable increase in ROS production from NR8383, contrasting with the oxidative burst that occurred following a brief exposure (1 hour) to zymosan, a known macrophage activator. In separated cocultures, crocidolite and zymosan induced different changes in the gene expressions involved in cellular inflammation in NR8383 and Big Blue. In particular, both particles induced up-regulation of iNOS expression in Big Blue, suggesting the formation of potentially genotoxic nitrogen species. However, crocidolite exposure in separated or mixed cocultures induced no mutagenic effects whereas an increase in Big Blue mutants was detected after exposure to zymosan in mixed cocultures. NR8383 activation by crocidolite is probably insufficient to induce in vitro mutagenic events. The mutagenesis assay based on the coculture of NR8383 and Big Blue cannot be used as an alternative in vitro method to assess the mutagenic properties of asbestos fibres.
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Tsaousi A, Jones E, Case CP. The in vitro genotoxicity of orthopaedic ceramic (Al2O3) and metal (CoCr alloy) particles. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2010; 697:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Revised: 10/28/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Nymark P, Kettunen E, Aavikko M, Ruosaari S, Kuosma E, Vanhala E, Salmenkivi K, Pirinen R, Karjalainen A, Knuutila S, Wikman H, Anttila S. Molecular Alterations at 9q33.1 and Polyploidy in Asbestos-Related Lung Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:468-75. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-1852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Tabet L, Bussy C, Amara N, Setyan A, Grodet A, Rossi MJ, Pairon JC, Boczkowski J, Lanone S. Adverse effects of industrial multiwalled carbon nanotubes on human pulmonary cells. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2009; 72:60-73. [PMID: 19034795 PMCID: PMC2802701 DOI: 10.1080/15287390802476991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate adverse effects of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), produced for industrial purposes, on the human epithelial cell line A549. MWCNT were dispersed in dipalmitoyl lecithin (DPL), a component of pulmonary surfactant, and the effects of dispersion in DPL were compared to those in two other media: ethanol (EtOH) and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Effects of MWCNT were also compared to those of two asbestos fibers (chrysotile and crocidolite) and carbon black (CB) nanoparticles, not only in A549 cells but also in mesothelial cells (MeT5A human cell line), used as an asbestos-sensitive cell type. MWCNT formed agglomerates on top of both cell lines (surface area 15-35 microm(2)) that were significantly larger and more numerous in PBS than in EtOH and DPL. Whatever the dispersion media, incubation with 100 microg/ml MWCNT induced a similar decrease in metabolic activity without changing cell membrane permeability or apoptosis. Neither MWCNT cellular internalization nor oxidative stress was observed. In contrast, asbestos fibers penetrated into the cells, decreased metabolic activity but not cell membrane permeability, and increased apoptosis, without decreasing cell number. CB was internalized without any adverse effects. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that MWCNT produced for industrial purposes exert adverse effects without being internalized by human epithelial and mesothelial pulmonary cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyes Tabet
- Physiopathologie et Epidemiologie de l'Insuffisance Respiratoire
INSERM : U700Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VIIFaculte de Medecine Xavier Bichat PARIS VII 16, Rue Henri Huchard 75870 PARIS CEDEX 18,FR
| | - Cyrill Bussy
- Physiopathologie et Epidemiologie de l'Insuffisance Respiratoire
INSERM : U700Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VIIFaculte de Medecine Xavier Bichat PARIS VII 16, Rue Henri Huchard 75870 PARIS CEDEX 18,FR
| | - Nadia Amara
- Physiopathologie et Epidemiologie de l'Insuffisance Respiratoire
INSERM : U700Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VIIFaculte de Medecine Xavier Bichat PARIS VII 16, Rue Henri Huchard 75870 PARIS CEDEX 18,FR
| | - Ari Setyan
- Institut universitaire romand de Santé au Travail (Institute for Work and Health)
Université de LausanneUniversité de GenèveLausanne,CH
| | - Alain Grodet
- CRB3, Centre de recherche biomédicale Bichat-Beaujon
INSERM : U773Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VIIFaculte de Medecine Xavier Bichat 16, Rue Henri Huchard 75870 PARIS CEDEX 18,FR
| | - Michel J. Rossi
- Laboratoire de Pollution Atmosphérique et Sol
Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Lausanne,CH
| | - Jean-Claude Pairon
- IMRB, Institut Mondor de recherche biomédicale
INSERM : U841Université Paris XII Val de MarneHôpital Henri Mondor 51, av du mal de lattre de tassigny 94010 CRETEIL CEDEX,FR
| | - Jorge Boczkowski
- Physiopathologie et Epidemiologie de l'Insuffisance Respiratoire
INSERM : U700Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VIIFaculte de Medecine Xavier Bichat PARIS VII 16, Rue Henri Huchard 75870 PARIS CEDEX 18,FR
- Hôpital Bichat- Claude Bernard
AP-HPParis,FR
- * Correspondence should be adressed to: Jorge Boczkowski
| | - Sophie Lanone
- Physiopathologie et Epidemiologie de l'Insuffisance Respiratoire
INSERM : U700Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VIIFaculte de Medecine Xavier Bichat PARIS VII 16, Rue Henri Huchard 75870 PARIS CEDEX 18,FR
- IMRB, Institut Mondor de recherche biomédicale
INSERM : U841Université Paris XII Val de MarneHôpital Henri Mondor 51, av du mal de lattre de tassigny 94010 CRETEIL CEDEX,FR
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16
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Vevers WF, Jha AN. Genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on fish cells in vitro. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2008; 17:410-420. [PMID: 18491228 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-008-0226-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2008] [Accepted: 04/28/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsic genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of titanium dioxide (TiO2) engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) were evaluated in a metabolically competent, established fish cell line derived from rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) gonadal tissue (i.e. RTG-2 cells). Prior to evaluation of the toxic potential, mean size of the ENPs was determined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). As a prerequisite, an extensive characterisation of the ENPs was carried out following sonication which enabled the synthesis of an efficient dosing strategy for the cells in which exposure in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) gave an optimal agglomeration effects compared to distilled water (H2O) and minimal essential media (MEM). Interaction of the ENPs with cells under scanning electron microscope (SEM) was also studied. The genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of the ENPs were determined either alone or in combination with ultraviolet radiation (i.e. UVA). Whilst genotoxic potential was determined by evaluating DNA strand breaks using single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) or the comet assay and induction of cytogenetic damage using cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus (MN) assay, cytotoxicity was determined by measuring the retention of supra vital stain, neutral red, by the lysosomes using the neutral red retention (NRR) assay. In addition, while performing the comet assay, lesion specific bacterial endonuclease, formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (Fpg), which recognises oxidised purine bases, was used to determine oxidative DNA damage. The results suggested that the highest concentration of the ENPs (i.e. 50 microg ml(-1)) did not produce elevations in DNA damage over 4 h (comet assay), 24 h (modified comet assay) or 48 h (MN assay) exposures in the absence of UVA irradiation, although there was a significant reduction in lysosomal integrity over 24 h exposure (NRR assay). The induction of MN did not show any enhanced levels as a function of ENP concentration. A significantly increased level of strand breaks was observed in combination with UVA (3 kJ m(-2)). In general, the NRR assay suggested elevated levels of cytotoxicity when the UVA exposure was carried out with MEM compared to PBS, although both showed an increase when in combination with the highest concentration of ENPs (i.e. 50 microg ml(-1)). Overall, the study emphasises the need for adoption of an holistic approach while evaluating the potential toxic effects of ENPs in which appropriate measures should be taken to avoid agglomeration or aggregation to facilitate efficient cellular uptake to evaluate potential biological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F Vevers
- Ecotoxicology and Stress Biology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
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17
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Cortez BA, Machado-Santelli GM. Chrysotile effects on human lung cell carcinoma in culture: 3-D reconstruction and DNA quantification by image analysis. BMC Cancer 2008; 8:181. [PMID: 18588678 PMCID: PMC2464777 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-8-181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2007] [Accepted: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chrysotile is considered less harmful to human health than other types of asbestos fibers. Its clearance from the lung is faster and, in comparison to amphibole forms of asbestos, chrysotile asbestos fail to accumulate in the lung tissue due to a mechanism involving fibers fragmentation in short pieces. Short exposure to chrysotile has not been associated with any histopathological alteration of lung tissue. Methods The present work focuses on the association of small chrysotile fibers with interphasic and mitotic human lung cancer cells in culture, using for analyses confocal laser scanning microscopy and 3D reconstructions. The main goal was to perform the analysis of abnormalities in mitosis of fibers-containing cells as well as to quantify nuclear DNA content of treated cells during their recovery in fiber-free culture medium. Results HK2 cells treated with chrysotile for 48 h and recovered in additional periods of 24, 48 and 72 h in normal medium showed increased frequency of multinucleated and apoptotic cells. DNA ploidy of the cells submitted to the same chrysotile treatment schedules showed enhanced aneuploidy values. The results were consistent with the high frequency of multipolar spindles observed and with the presence of fibers in the intercellular bridge during cytokinesis. Conclusion The present data show that 48 h chrysotile exposure can cause centrosome amplification, apoptosis and aneuploid cell formation even when long periods of recovery were provided. Internalized fibers seem to interact with the chromatin during mitosis, and they could also interfere in cytokinesis, leading to cytokinesis failure which forms aneuploid or multinucleated cells with centrosome amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz A Cortez
- Dept. of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes 1524, 05508-000, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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18
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Nymark P, Wikman H, Hienonen-Kempas T, Anttila S. Molecular and genetic changes in asbestos-related lung cancer. Cancer Lett 2008; 265:1-15. [PMID: 18364247 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2007] [Revised: 02/15/2008] [Accepted: 02/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Asbestos-exposure is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer, one of the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide. Asbestos is known to induce DNA and chromosomal damage as well as aberrations in signalling pathways, such as the MAPK and NF-kappaB cascades, crucial for cellular homeostasis. The alterations result from both indirect effects through e.g. reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and direct mechanical disturbances of cellular constituents. This review describes the current knowledge on genomic and pathway aberrations characterizing asbestos-related lung cancer. Specific asbestos-associated molecular signatures can assist the development of early biomarkers, molecular diagnosis, and molecular targeted treatments for asbestos-exposed lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny Nymark
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 00250 Helsinki, Finland.
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19
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Ruosaari ST, Nymark PE, Aavikko MM, Kettunen E, Knuutila S, Hollmén J, Norppa H, Anttila SL. Aberrations of chromosome 19 in asbestos-associated lung cancer and in asbestos-induced micronuclei of bronchial epithelial cells
in vitro. Carcinogenesis 2008; 29:913-7. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgn068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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20
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Bhattacharya K, Cramer H, Albrecht C, Schins R, Rahman Q, Zimmermann U, Dopp E. Vanadium pentoxide-coated ultrafine titanium dioxide particles induce cellular damage and micronucleus formation in V79 cells. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2008; 71:976-80. [PMID: 18569605 DOI: 10.1080/15287390801989218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Surface-treated titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) particles coated with vanadium pentoxide (V(2)O(5)) are used industrially for selective catalytic reactions such as the removal of nitrous oxide from exhaust gases of combustion power plants (SCR process) and in biomaterials for increasing the strength of implants. In the present study, untreated ultrafine TiO(2) particles (anatase, diameter: 30-50 nm) and vanadium pentoxide (V(2)O(5))-treated anatase particles were tested for their cyto- and genotoxic effects in V79 cells (hamster lung fibroblasts). Cytotoxic effects of the particles were assessed by trypan blue exclusion, while genotoxic effects were investigated by micronucleus (MN) assay. In addition, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined by the acellular method of electron spin resonance technique (ESR) and by the cellular technique of determination of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). Our results demonstrate that V(2)O(5)-treated TiO(2) particles induce more potent cyto- and genotoxic effects than untreated particles. Further, acellular and cellular radical formation was more pronounced with V(2)O(5)-anatase than untreated anatase. Thus, data indicate that V(2)O(5)-treated TiO(2) particles were more reactive than natural anatase and capable of inducing DNA damage in mammalian cells through production of free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bhattacharya
- Institute of Hygiene and Occupational Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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21
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A new in vitro cellular system for the analysis of mineral fiber biopersistence. Arch Toxicol 2007; 82:435-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-007-0257-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2007] [Accepted: 10/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Andujar P, Lecomte C, Renier A, Fleury-Feith J, Kheuang L, Daubriac J, Janin A, Jaurand MC. Clinico-pathological features and somatic gene alterations in refractory ceramic fibre-induced murine mesothelioma reveal mineral fibre-induced mesothelioma identities. Carcinogenesis 2007; 28:1599-605. [PMID: 17272307 PMCID: PMC4749665 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgm023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although human malignant mesothelioma (HMM) is mainly caused by asbestos exposure, refractory ceramic fibres (RCFs) have been classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans on the basis of their biological effects in rodents' lung and pleura and in cultured cells. Hence, further investigations are needed to clarify the mechanism of fibre-induced carcinogenicity and to prevent use of harmful particles. In a previous study, mesotheliomas were found in hemizygous Nf2 (Nf2(+/-)) mice exposed to asbestos fibres, and showed similar alterations in genes at the Ink4 locus and in Trp53 as described in HMM. Here we found that Nf2(+/-) mice developed mesotheliomas after intra-peritoneal inoculation of a RCF sample (RCF1). Clinical features in exposed mice were similar to those observed in HMM, showing association between ascite and mesothelioma. Early passages of 12 mesothelioma cell cultures from ascites developed in RCF1-exposed Nf2(+/-) mice demonstrated frequent inactivation by deletion of genes at the Ink4 locus, and low rate of Trp53 point and insertion mutations. Nf2 gene was inactivated in all cultures. In most cases, co-inactivation of genes at the Ink4 locus and Nf2 was found and, at a lower rate, of Trp53 and Nf2. These results are the first to identify mutations in RCF-induced mesothelioma. They suggest that nf2 mutation is complementary of p15(Ink4b), p16(Ink4a) and p19(Arf) or p53 mutations and show similar profile of gene alterations resulting from exposure to ceramic or asbestos fibres in Nf2(+/-) mice, also consistent with the one found in HMM. These somatic genetic changes define different pathways of mesothelial cell transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Andujar
- IMRB, Institut Mondor de recherche biomédicale
INSERMUniversité Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12Hôpital Henri Mondor 51 Avenue du Mal de Lattre de Tassigny 94010 Creteil Cedex
| | - Céline Lecomte
- Genomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides
INSERMUniversité Paris Diderot - Paris 7IFR105Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5Hopital Saint-Louis - IFR 105 Paris VII 27 Rue Juliette Dodu 75010 Paris
| | - Annie Renier
- Genomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides
INSERMUniversité Paris Diderot - Paris 7IFR105Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5Hopital Saint-Louis - IFR 105 Paris VII 27 Rue Juliette Dodu 75010 Paris
| | - Jocelyne Fleury-Feith
- Genomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides
INSERMUniversité Paris Diderot - Paris 7IFR105Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5Hopital Saint-Louis - IFR 105 Paris VII 27 Rue Juliette Dodu 75010 Paris
- Laboratoire d'Histologie et de Biologie Tumorale
Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)Hôpital TenonParis
| | - Laurence Kheuang
- IMRB, Institut Mondor de recherche biomédicale
INSERMUniversité Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12Hôpital Henri Mondor 51 Avenue du Mal de Lattre de Tassigny 94010 Creteil Cedex
| | - Julien Daubriac
- Genomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides
INSERMUniversité Paris Diderot - Paris 7IFR105Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5Hopital Saint-Louis - IFR 105 Paris VII 27 Rue Juliette Dodu 75010 Paris
- Laboratoire d'Histologie et de Biologie Tumorale
Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)Hôpital TenonParis
| | - Anne Janin
- Service de Pathologie
Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)Hôpital Saint-LouisParis
- Gvh et Gvl : Physiopathologie Chez l'Homme et Chez l'Animal, Incidence et Rôle Thérapeutique
INSERMUniversité Paris Diderot - Paris 7Hopital Saint-Louis - Centre Hayem Paris VII 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux 75475 Paris Cedex 10
| | - Marie-Claude Jaurand
- Genomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides
INSERMUniversité Paris Diderot - Paris 7IFR105Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5Hopital Saint-Louis - IFR 105 Paris VII 27 Rue Juliette Dodu 75010 Paris
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23
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Sloter ED, Marchetti F, Eskenazi B, Weldon RH, Nath J, Cabreros D, Wyrobek AJ. Frequency of human sperm carrying structural aberrations of chromosome 1 increases with advancing age. Fertil Steril 2007; 87:1077-86. [PMID: 17433321 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.08.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2006] [Revised: 08/14/2006] [Accepted: 08/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between male age and the frequency of sperm with de novo structural chromosomal abnormalities. DESIGN Semen specimens collected from two groups of 10 healthy, nonsmoking men, aged 22-28 and 65-80 years, were analyzed with the use of a multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization assay for detecting breaks, segmental duplications and deletions, and aneuploidy and diploidy involving chromosome 1. SETTING Healthy volunteer workers and retirees from a government research environment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Sperm carrying numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities. RESULT(S) We detected significant increases in the frequency of sperm carrying breaks and segmental duplications and deletions of chromosome 1 among older men compared with younger men. Older men carried twice the frequency of sperm with segmental duplications and deletions of chromosome 1. The frequency of sperm carrying breaks within the 1q12 fragile-site region nearly doubled in older men. In contrast to female gametes, there was no effect of age on the frequency of sperm with numerical chromosomal abnormalities. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that advancing male age is associated with a gradual and significant increase in the risk of fathering children with various chromosomal defects such as segmental aneusomy syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie D Sloter
- Biosciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
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24
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Dönmez-Altuntas H, Baran M, Oymak FS, Hamurcu Z, Imamoğlu N, Ozesmi M, Demirtas H. Investigation of micronucleus frequencies in lymphocytes of inhabitants environmentally exposed to chrysotile asbestos. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2007; 17:45-51. [PMID: 17365079 DOI: 10.1080/09603120601124231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to asbestos minerals has been associated with a wide variety of adverse health effects including lung cancer, pleural mesothelioma, and cancer of other organs. Many of the regions of Turkey have asbestos deposits. People in Doğanli village - one of these regions - have been environmentally exposed to chrysotile asbestos since they were born. In this study the effects of asbestos on micronucleus (MN) frequencies of inhabitants exposed to chrysotile asbestos have been examined. Thirty subjects who had been environmentally exposed to chrysotile asbestos and living in Doğanli village, and 25 controls were studied to assess the MN frequency. The control group was selected from healthy individuals with no exposure to asbestos and living in similar geographic conditions to Doğanli village. Peripheral blood samples were collected from each subject and cultured for MN assay. Cytochalasin-B was added to lymphocyte cultures for evaluation of MN in binucleated (BN) cells. The differences between those exposed to chrysotile asbestos and controls were not statistically significant in terms of BN cells with MN (p > 0.05). There was not a significant relationship between MN frequencies and age, sex, smoking, both in chrysotile asbestos-exposed subjects and in controls (p > 0.05). Although the detection of calcified pleural plaques found in the inhabitants has indicated environmental exposure to chrysotile asbestos, our results show that chrysotile asbestos was not an inducer of MN in subjects exposed to chrysotile asbestos.
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25
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Dopp E, Yadav S, Ansari FA, Bhattacharya K, von Recklinghausen U, Rauen U, Rödelsperger K, Shokouhi B, Geh S, Rahman Q. ROS-mediated genotoxicity of asbestos-cement in mammalian lung cells in vitro. Part Fibre Toxicol 2005; 2:9. [PMID: 16209709 PMCID: PMC1274344 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2005] [Accepted: 10/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Asbestos is a known carcinogen and co-carcinogen. It is a persisting risk in our daily life due to its use in building material as asbestos-cement powder. The present study done on V79-cells (Chinese hamster lung cells) demonstrates the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of asbestos-cement powder (ACP) in comparison with chrysotile asbestos. A co-exposure of chrysotile and ACP was tested using the cell viability test and the micronucleus assay. The kinetochore analysis had been used to analyse the pathway causing such genotoxic effects. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were determined as evidence for the production of reactive oxygen species. Both, asbestos cement as well as chrysotile formed micronuclei and induced loss of cell viability in a concentration- and time-dependent way. Results of TBARS analysis and iron chelator experiments showed induction of free radicals in ACP- and chrysotile exposed cultures. CaSO4 appeared to be a negligible entity in enhancing the toxic potential of ACP. The co-exposure of both, ACP and chrysotile, showed an additive effect in enhancing the toxicity. The overall study suggests that asbestos-cement is cytotoxic as well as genotoxic in vitro. In comparison to chrysotile the magnitude of the toxicity was less, but co-exposure increased the toxicity of both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Dopp
- Institute of Hygiene and Occupational Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Santosh Yadav
- Fibre Toxicology Division, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Lucknow, India
| | - Furquan Ahmad Ansari
- Fibre Toxicology Division, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Lucknow, India
| | - Kunal Bhattacharya
- Institute of Hygiene and Occupational Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Germany
- Fibre Toxicology Division, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Ursula Rauen
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Klaus Rödelsperger
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital Giessen, Germany
| | - Behnaz Shokouhi
- Institute of Hygiene and Occupational Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Geh
- Institute of Hygiene and Occupational Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Qamar Rahman
- Fibre Toxicology Division, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Lucknow, India
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26
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Bolognesi C, Martini F, Tognon M, Filiberti R, Neri M, Perrone E, Landini E, Canessa PA, Ivaldi GP, Betta P, Mutti L, Puntoni R. A Molecular Epidemiology Case Control Study on Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005; 14:1741-6. [PMID: 16030111 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-04-0903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleural malignant mesothelioma is an uncommon neoplasm usually associated with asbestos exposure. The increasing incidence of malignant mesothelioma cases involving individuals with low levels of asbestos exposure suggests a complex carcinogenetic process with the involvement of other cofactors. Cytogenetic studies revealed the complexity of the genetic changes involved in this neoplasm reflecting the accumulation of genomic damage. One of the most used methodologies for assessing genomic damage is the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus test applied in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). This approach allows the detection of chromosomal alterations expressed in binucleated cells after nuclear division in vitro. This marker could provide a tool for assessing genetically determined constitutional differences in chromosomal instability. A biomonitoring study was carried out to evaluate the micronuclei frequency in PBLs of patients with pleural malignant mesothelioma with respect to lung cancer, healthy, and risk controls as a marker of cancer susceptibility in correlation with the presence of SV40. A significant increased micronuclei frequency was observed in patients with malignant mesothelioma in comparison with all the other groups, the mean micronuclei frequency was double in patients with malignant mesothelioma compared with healthy controls, risk controls, and patients with lung adenocarcinoma (median 11.4 binucleated cells with micronuclei/1,000 binucleated cells versus 6.2, 6.1, and 5.1, respectively). Our data indicate that human T lymphocyte samples carry DNA sequences coding for SV40 large T antigen at low prevalence, both in cancer cases and controls. Evidence of cytogenetic damage revealed as micronuclei frequency in mesothelioma cancer patients could be related to exogenous and endogenous cofactors besides asbestos exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bolognesi
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Unit, National Cancer Research Institute, L. go Rosanna Benzsi, 10 Genoa, Italy 16132.
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27
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Dika Nguea H, Rihn B, Mahon D, Bernard JL, De Reydellet A, Le Faou A. Effects of various man-made mineral fibers on cell apoptosis and viability. Arch Toxicol 2005; 79:487-92. [PMID: 15856181 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-005-0661-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2004] [Accepted: 01/24/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Evaluating the pathogenic potentials of man-made mineral fibers (MMMF) is an important task performed by the European Community. Noting that it has been proposed that the use of laboratory animals for scientific tests should be reduced or phased out, macrophages then become the cells of choice for conducting in vitro studies. We have evaluated the in vitro toxicity of six commercial stonewool fibers (A, B1, B2, C, D, and E) on U-937 cells. The physical interaction between U-937 cells and MMMF was observed using scanning electron microscopy, and the cytotoxicity was evaluated by studying cell viability using MTT assay and cell apoptosis with an ELISA detection kit. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis has shown that long fibers can be covered by several macrophages, and that a small fiber can be completely engulfed by one cell. With 50 microg/mL of MMMF, a decrease in cell viability appeared after seven days of incubation, whereas 200 microg/mL induced loss of viability and apoptosis after one day. Fiber D, comprising a high proportion of fibers >20 microm in length and a high concentration of MgO, induced the highest loss in viability and the highest rate of apoptosis compared to the other five fibers. Whether this toxic effect is related to either the physical characteristics of the fibers (such as length), or to the high concentration of magnesium is still to be determined. Because the results can be rapidly obtained, the proposed model is suitable for studying the toxicities of mineral components, even if the tested concentrations are far from the ones reached in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermine Dika Nguea
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie, Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, Unité Mixte de Recherche CNRS-UHP, 7565, BP 184, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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28
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Bhattacharya K, Yadava S, Papp T, Schiffmann D, Rahman Q. Reduction of chrysotile asbestos-induced genotoxicity in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by garlic extract. Toxicol Lett 2004; 153:327-32. [PMID: 15454308 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2003] [Revised: 05/29/2004] [Accepted: 06/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Asbestos fibers are well known environmental carcinogen, however, the underlying mechanisms of their action have still not clearly been identified. Asbestos is capable of depleting glutathione and generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are important mediators of damage in biological system. Asbestos-induced mutagenecity, may be mediated by the generation. It is known that a number of scavengers and antioxidants attenuate asbestos-induced ROS release. Furthermore, it is known that garlic, contains numerous sulfur compounds and glutathione precursors which act as antioxidants and also demonstrate anticarcinogenic properties. The aim of this study was to investigate whether garlic extract has any influence on asbestos-mediated genotoxicity. As an assay system, we applied the micronucleus assay, sister chromatid exchanges, and chromosomal aberrations with human peripheral blood lymphocytes, which has already been used to analyze the genotoxicity of asbestos fibers. Our results indicate that garlic extract, when administered to the lymphocytes cell culture simultaneously with chrysotile reduced the rates of micronucleus formation, sister chromatid exchanges, and chromosomal aberrations significantly. We conclude that garlic extract may be an efficient, physiologically tolerable quencher of asbestos-mediated genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Bhattacharya
- Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Post Box 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
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29
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Burmeister B, Schwerdtle T, Poser I, Hoffmann E, Hartwig A, Müller WU, Rettenmeier AW, Seemayer NH, Dopp E. Effects of asbestos on initiation of DNA damage, induction of DNA-strand breaks, P53-expression and apoptosis in primary, SV40-transformed and malignant human mesothelial cells. Mutat Res 2004; 558:81-92. [PMID: 15036122 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2003.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2003] [Revised: 11/06/2003] [Accepted: 11/17/2003] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Human mesothelial cells (HMC), the progenitor cells of asbestos-induced mesothelioma, are particularly sensitive to the genotoxic effects of asbestos, although the molecular mechanisms by which asbestos induces injury in HMC are not well known. The high susceptibility of HMC to simian virus 40 (SV40)-mediated transformation is assumed to play a causative role in the pathogenesis of mesothelioma. The aim of this study was to investigate the asbestos-induced DNA damage in cultured HMC and SV40-transformed HMC (MeT-5A) compared with their malignant counterparts, i.e. human mesothelioma cells (MSTO). The time-dependent initiation of DNA-strand breaks as well as the induction of oxidative DNA base modifications were key factors for investigation. HMC, MeT-5A and MSTO cells were exposed to chrysotile and crocidolite asbestos (3 microg/cm2) during different time periods (1-72 h). DNA damage was investigated by use of the Comet assay and alkaline unwinding, the latter in combination with the Fpg protein. The P53 level was analyzed by immunofluorescence, and measurement of apoptosis was conducted by flow cytometry. We found a significant induction of DNA damage in asbestos-treated HMC already after an exposure time of 1.5 h. This effect could not be observed in treated MeT-5A and MSTO cells. Also, a time-dependent significant increase in DNA-strand breaks was observed by alkaline unwinding in asbestos-treated HMC, but not in treated MeT-5A and MSTO cells. In none of the three cell lines we could detect oxidative DNA damage recognized by the Fpg protein (e.g. 8-oxo-guanine), up to 24 h after exposure to asbestos. In contrast to what was found in HMC, P53 was over-expressed in untreated MeT-5A and MSTO. The induction of apoptosis by asbestos fibers was suppressed in MeT-5A and MSTO cells. Crocidolite fibers induced the higher genotoxic effects and chrysotile the more pronounced apoptotic effects. We conclude that asbestos induces DNA damage in HMC already after a very short exposure time in the absence of 8-oxo-guanine formation. The presence of SV40-Tag in MeT-5A and MSTO cells results in an increased expression of P53, but not in additive genotoxic effects after exposure to asbestos. The deregulation of the apoptotic pathway may lead to proliferation of genomically damaged cells and finally to the development of mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Burmeister
- Department of Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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30
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Elias Z, Poirot O, Danière MC, Terzetti F, Binet S, Tomatis M, Fubini B. Surface reactivity, cytotoxicity, and transforming potency of iron-covered compared to untreated refractory ceramic fibers. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2002; 65:2007-2027. [PMID: 12490045 DOI: 10.1080/00984100290071360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Untreated and iron-coated refractory ceramic fibers (RCFs) 1, 3, and 4 were examined for their potential to generate free radicals and to catalyze hydrogen peroxide decomposition in cell-free assays and were compared for cytotoxic and transforming potencies in Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cell system. Coating with a high quantity of iron increased the capability of RCFs to generate hydroxyl radicals and to catalyze the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. In the SHE cells, the untreated RCFs had varying ability to induce inhibition of cell proliferation, cytotoxicity (as measured by the colony-forming efficiency, CE) and morphological transformation, in a concentration-dependent manner. According to cytotoxic and transforming potencies, they ranged as follows: RCF3 > RCF1 > RCF4. The lethal concentration 50 (LC50; decrease of CE to 50% of controls after 7 d of treatment) expressed per number of RCF3 and RCF1/cm(2) of culture dish was 2.5 x 10(4) and 3.7 x 10(4), respectively, whereas RCF4 was not cytotoxic up to the highest concentration tested (23.7 x 10(4) fibers/cm(2)). At LC50, RCF3 was 1.4-fold more transforming than RCF1, and the weakest, RCF4, induced less than 1% transformation. Iron coating of RCF1 and RCF3 markedly attenuated their cytostatic, cytotoxic, and transforming potencies without a linear concentration-transformation relationship. In contrast, iron coating of RCF4 affected slightly its low transforming potency, although the growth inhibitory effect was reduced. The observed decrease rather than increase in the cytotoxic and transforming potencies of the active samples RCF1 and RCF3 by their coating with large amounts of ferric iron suggests that it is not the quantity or any form of iron on the surface of fibers but the iron, even in trace, in a particular redox and coordinate state that might play a role in the fiber's surface reactivity with regard to the biological material. Surface chemical functions involved in the interaction with the cell could be inactivated by the deposition of a high quantity of Fe(III) on the surface of fibers. Physicochemical studies correlated to biological effects is an approach for understanding the properties of solids related to a given biological response and for elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoé Elias
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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31
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Lohani M, Dopp E, Becker HH, Seth K, Schiffmann D, Rahman Q. Smoking enhances asbestos-induced genotoxicity, relative involvement of chromosome 1: a study using multicolor FISH with tandem labeling. Toxicol Lett 2002; 136:55-63. [PMID: 12368057 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(02)00260-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Several experimental and epidermological studies have indicated augmentation of asbestos induced diseases by cigarette smoke by the mechanisms, which are still unknown. To determine whether smoking affects genetic system of the cells and further modifies asbestos induced genotoxicity, whole blood from non-smokers and smokers was exposed to asbestos fibres separately in vitro and micronucleus test was performed. The number of micronuclei was found to be significantly higher (P<0 05) in cases of smoker's lymphocytes, asbestos exposed non-smokers lymphocytes as well as asbestos exposed smokers lymphocytes, as compared with unexposed non-smokers lymphocytes. Further we investigated involvement of chromosome 1 in the damaging process using multicolor FISH technique. FISH is fast and reliable method, distinguishing both structural and numerical alterations. The centric/pericentric regions of chromosome 1 (cen-q12) were labeled, as the pericentric heterochromatin region 1 (q12) is quite large, highly repetitive and prone to breakage. Multicolor FISH assay suggested that the genetic damage by asbestos fibres mainly involve chromosome 1 but in case of cigarette smoking the damage is not strictly connected to chromosome 1 only, but also involves damage to other chromosomes. Further the study suggested that smoking makes genetic system of the cells more vulnerable to the deleterious effects of asbestos.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lohani
- Division of Fibre Toxicology, Industrial Toxicology Research Center, M.G. Marg, Lucknow, India
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32
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Gulumian M. The ability of mineral dusts and fibres to initiate lipid peroxidation. Part II: relationship to different particle-induced pathological effects. Redox Rep 2001; 5:325-51. [PMID: 11140744 DOI: 10.1179/135100000101535906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to pathogenic mineral dusts and fibres is associated with pulmonary changes including fibrosis and cancer. Investigations into aetiological mechanisms of these diseases have identified modifications in specific macromolecules as well as changes in certain early processes, which have preceded fibrosis and cancer. Peroxidation of lipids is one such modification, which is observed following exposure to mineral dusts and fibres. Their ability to initiate lipid peroxidation and the parameters that determine this ability have recently been reviewed. Part II of this review examines the relationship between the capacity of mineral dusts and fibres to initiate lipid peroxidation and a number of pathological changes they produce. The oxidative modification of polyunsaturated fatty acids is a major contributor to membrane damage in cells and has been implicated in a great variety of pathological processes. In most pathological conditions where an induction of lipid peroxidation is observed it is assumed to be the consequence of disease, without further establishing if the induction of lipid peroxidation may have preceded or accompanied the disease. In the great majority of instances, however, despite the difficulty in proving this association, a causal relationship between lipid peroxidation and disease cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gulumian
- National Centre for Occupational Health and Department of Haematology and Molecular Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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33
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Sloter ED, Lowe X, Moore II DH, Nath J, Wyrobek AJ. Multicolor FISH analysis of chromosomal breaks, duplications, deletions, and numerical abnormalities in the sperm of healthy men. Am J Hum Genet 2000; 67:862-72. [PMID: 10961911 PMCID: PMC1287891 DOI: 10.1086/303088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2000] [Accepted: 08/08/2000] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmitted de novo structural chromosomal abnormalities, the majority of which are paternally derived, can lead to abnormal reproductive outcomes as well as genetic diseases in offspring. We developed and validated a new multicolor FISH procedure (sperm ACM, which utilizes DNA probes specific for the alpha [1cen], classical, [1q12], and midi [1p36.3] satellites of chromosome 1) which utilizes DNA probes specific for three regions of chromosome 1 to detect human sperm that carry numerical abnormalities plus two categories of structural aberrations: (1) duplications and deletions of 1pter and 1cen, and (2) chromosomal breaks within the 1cen-1q12 region. In healthy men, the average frequencies of sperm with duplications and deletions were (a) 4.5 +/- 0.5 and 4.1 +/- 1.3 per 10(4) involving 1pter and (b) 0.9 +/- 0.4 and 0.8 +/- 0.3 per 10(4) involving 1cen, respectively. The frequency of sperm exhibiting breaks within the 1cen-1q12 region was 14.1 +/- 1.2 per 10(4). Structural aberrations accounted for 71% of the abnormalities detected by sperm ACM, which was significantly higher than numerical abnormalities (P=2x10-8). Our findings also suggest that, for healthy men, (a) sperm carrying postmeiotic chromosomal breaks appear to be more prevalent than those carrying products of premeiotic or meiotic breakage or rearrangements, (b) the high frequency of chromosome breaks measured after "fertilization" by the hamster-egg cytogenetic method already appear to be present and detectable within human sperm by FISH, and (c) there are nonrandom and donor-specific distributions of breakpoint locations within 1q12 in sperm. FISH facilitates the analysis of much larger numbers of sperm than was possible when the hamster-egg method was used. Therefore, FISH-based procedures for simultaneously detecting chromosomal breaks, rearrangements, and numerical abnormalities in sperm may have widespread applications in human genetics, genetic toxicology, and reproductive medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie D. Sloter
- Biology and Biotechnology Research Program, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA; Genetics and Developmental Biology Program, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV; and Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco
| | - Xiu Lowe
- Biology and Biotechnology Research Program, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA; Genetics and Developmental Biology Program, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV; and Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco
| | - Dan H. Moore II
- Biology and Biotechnology Research Program, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA; Genetics and Developmental Biology Program, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV; and Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco
| | - Joginder Nath
- Biology and Biotechnology Research Program, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA; Genetics and Developmental Biology Program, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV; and Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco
| | - Andrew J. Wyrobek
- Biology and Biotechnology Research Program, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA; Genetics and Developmental Biology Program, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV; and Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco
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34
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Mast RW, Maxim LD, Utell MJ, Walker AM. Refractory ceramic fiber: toxicology, epidemiology, and risk analyses--a review. Inhal Toxicol 2000; 12:359-99. [PMID: 10880135 DOI: 10.1080/089583700196103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Refractory ceramic fiber (RCF) is an energy-efficient, high-temperature insulation, used principally in industrial furnaces, heaters, and reactors. Prior to the 1980s, there were few publications dealing with the potential health effects of this material. However, with the advent of higher energy costs and the need for thermally efficient high-temperature insulating materials, production of RCF grew rapidly, as did interest in its potential health effects. This article provides a comprehensive and integrated review of the toxicology (in vitro and in vivo), epidemiology, and risk analysis literature of RCF. Based on the available literature, we conclude that an occupational exposure of 0.5 fibers per cubic centimeter (cm(3)) [8-h time-weighted average (8-h TWA)] results in an occupational health risk no greater than 9.1 x 10(-5).
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Mast
- Everest Consulting Associates, Inc., 15 North Main Street, Cranbury, NJ 08512, USA
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35
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Lohani M, Dopp E, Weiss DG, Schiffmann D, Rahman Q. Kerosene soot genotoxicity: enhanced effect upon co-exposure with chrysotile asbestos in Syrian hamster embryo fibroblasts. Toxicol Lett 2000; 114:111-6. [PMID: 10713475 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental studies have suggested an enhancement of asbestos-induced bronchogenic carcinoma by cigarette smoke. Further, our recent experimental and epidemiological studies have indicated that besides smoking, several other compounds including kerosene soot may accelerate disease processes in asbestos-exposed animals as well as in the humans. Incomplete combustion of kerosene oil generates large volumes of soot, which contains various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aliphatic compounds. As reported earlier, exposure to kerosene soot is known to cause biochemical and pathological changes in the pulmonary tissue, which may cause cardiopulmonary disorders. In this study we investigated genotoxic effects caused by kerosene soot and chrysotile asbestos as well as co-exposure of kerosene soot and chrysotile using Syrian hamster embryo fibroblasts (SHE). The micronucleus assay revealed a significant increase of induced micronuclei (MN), (P</=0.05) in SHE cells after treatment with kerosene soot (0.5-1.0 microg/cm(2)) for 66 h (36 MN/1000 cells). Combined treatment with chrysotile and soot induced up to 110 MN/1000 cells (chrysotile alone: 80 MN/1000 cells; concentrations: 1 microg/cm(2), exposure times: 66 h). Kinetochore staining revealed mainly clastogenic effects in all cases (soot: 21.3% CRMN(+); chrysotile: 27%; soot+chrysotile: 27.6%; control: 20.8%). This is the first study showing that kerosene soot is not only genotoxic but it can also elevate the genotoxic potential of chrysotile asbestos. This information may be of importance for workers occupationally exposed to asbestos and domestically exposed to kerosene soot.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lohani
- Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Division of Fibre Toxicology, Post Box 80, M. G. Marg, Lucknow, India
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36
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Dopp E, Papp T, Schiffmann D. Detection of hyperdiploidy and chromosome breakage affecting the 1 (1cen-q12) region in lentigo malignant melanoma (LMM), superficial spreading melanoma (SSM) and congenital nevus (CN) cells in vitro by the multicolor FISH technique. Cancer Lett 1997; 120:157-63. [PMID: 9461032 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(97)00305-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The centric/pericentric region of chromosome 1 (cen-q 2) of human melanoma cells of different stages of carcinogenicity (superficial spreading melanoma (SSM), lentigo malignant melanoma (LMM)) and premalignant precursor lesions (congenital nevus (CN)) were investigated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with tandem DNA probes. The pericentric heterochromatin region 1(q12) is large and highly prone to breakage in contrast to the adjacent centromeric region which is much smaller and less prone to such events. All samples of melanoma cells were obtained from patients and cultivated in vitro. LMM cells showed the highest number of breakage events within the 1q12 region (90% of cells). The number of hyperdiploid cells was not increased in comparison to CN cells. In contrast to LMM cells, SSM cells showed a significant increased number of hyperdiploid cells which were mainly tetrasomic for chromosome 1 (P < or = 0.05). The number of chromosome breaks was not significantly increased in this type of melanoma cells. The spontaneous rates of chromosomal breakage and hyperdiploidy is relatively low in CN cells (1.5-2.5% and 3.2-5.8%, respectively) but these frequencies also differ between CN samples from different patients. These results show that the multicolor FISH technique represents a fast and reliable detection method, distinguishing structural and numerical chromosomal alterations in interphase nuclei. This technique is useful as a histological marker to differentiate between specific tumor subtypes and to investigate the relationship between genomic instability and clinopathological parameters (tumor grading and staging).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dopp
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Rostock, Germany
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